Single-sphere neutron spectrometer

Abstract

The invention provides a single-sphere neutron energy spectrometer, and relates to the technical field of neutron energy spectrum measurement, and the single-sphere neutron energy spectrometer comprises a moderated sphere, a plurality of neutron detector groups, and a rear-end device. The plurality of neutron detector groups are arranged in the plurality of hole channels in the moderated sphere; the neutron detector in each neutron detector group comprises a scintillator structure and a photoelectric conversion device; the material of the scintillator structure comprises 6LiF / ZnS (Ag); and the rear-end equipment is used for receiving the signals transmitted by the neutron detectors and processing the signals to obtain the neutron counting rates of the detectors so as to determine the neutron energy spectrum of the environment to be detected. The neutron detector composed of 6LiF / ZnS (Ag) and SiPM not only has ultrahigh neutron discrimination capability, but also can be made into a detector with a compact structure, and meets the two most important performance requirements of a single-sphere neutron spectrometer on the neutron detector. According to the invention, even in an environment with more gamma rays relative to neutrons, a relatively accurate neutron counting rate can be obtained, so that a relatively accurate neutron energy spectrum can be determined.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of neutron spectrum measurement, and in particular to a single-sphere neutron spectrometer. Background Art

[0002] Neutron spectrum measurement has a wide range of applications in many fields. In fields such as aerospace and power electronics, neutron spectrum measurement plays an important role in the evaluation and design of radiation effects and radiation safety of components and equipment. In environments such as reactors, fuel groups, and neutron beam test sites, neutron spectrum measurement can also be used to monitor data such as neutron energy and flux in the workplace. Neutron energy and flux data are used in environmental monitoring and evaluation, dose equivalent monitoring, and safety status assessment.

[0003] The neutron detectors in existing single-sphere neutron spectrometers are mostly lithium detectors. 6 Li detector and 7 Li detectors are used to detect gamma rays and obtain neutron count rate. 6 Li and 7 Due to the nature of Li detectors, in an environment where gamma rays are more abundant than neutrons (such as in the atmosphere), it is difficult to obtain an accurate neutron counting rate due to the gamma subtraction error, which results in a large error in the final neutron energy spectrum. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a single-sphere neutron spectrometer to solve the defect in the prior art that it is difficult to obtain an accurate neutron counting rate in an environment where the number of gamma rays is relatively large relative to neutrons, thereby causing a large error in the neutron energy spectrum finally determined. The present invention can obtain a relatively accurate neutron counting rate even in an environment where the number of gamma rays is relatively large relative to neutrons, thereby being able to determine a relatively accurate neutron energy spectrum of the environment to be tested.

[0005] The present invention provides a single-sphere neutron spectrometer, comprising: The multiple neutron detector groups are arranged in multiple holes inside the moderator sphere, the distances between the neutron detector groups and the center of the moderator sphere are different, the distances between the neutron detectors in the same neutron detector group and the center of the moderator sphere are the same, and the spacings between the neutron detectors in the same neutron detector group are the same; The neutron detectors in each of the neutron detector groups include a scintillator structure and a photoelectric conversion device; the material of the scintillator structure includes 6 LiF / ZnS(Ag); The back-end device is used to receive the signal of each neutron detector and perform signal processing on the signal to obtain multiple neutron counting rates. The back-end device is also used to determine the neutron energy spectrum of the environment to be tested based on each neutron counting rate.

[0006] According to a single-sphere neutron spectrometer provided by the present invention, the neutron detector group arranged at the center of the moderated sphere includes a neutron detector; The remaining neutron detector groups each include a plurality of neutron detectors.

[0007] According to a single-sphere neutron spectrometer provided by the present invention, in each of the neutron detectors, the scintillator structure is arranged on the photoelectric conversion device, and a light reflecting film and a light-proof shell are arranged on the non-contact surface between the scintillator structure and the photoelectric conversion device.

[0008] A single-sphere neutron spectrometer provided according to the present invention further includes a circuit board, each of the neutron detector groups is installed on the circuit board, and the circuit board is electrically connected to the back-end device.

[0009] A single-sphere neutron spectrometer provided according to the present invention further includes a plurality of temperature chips, wherein the temperature chips are mounted on the circuit board; The temperature chip is connected to the back-end device and is used to transmit the collected temperature information of the photoelectric conversion device to the back-end device.

[0010] According to a single-sphere neutron spectrometer provided by the present invention, the moderator sphere further comprises a lead sphere shell layer, and the center of the lead sphere shell layer coincides with the center of the moderator sphere; The neutron detector group arranged at the center of the moderated sphere is located inside the lead sphere shell.

[0011] According to a single-sphere neutron spectrometer provided by the present invention, the moderator sphere is made of polyethylene material.

[0012] According to a single-sphere neutron spectrometer provided by the present invention, the photoelectric conversion device is a silicon photomultiplier.

[0013] According to a single-sphere neutron spectrometer provided by the present invention, the back-end device includes a back-end electronics system and a computing device, and the back-end electronics system and the computing device are communicatively connected.

[0014] A single-sphere neutron spectrometer provided according to the present invention also includes a base; The back-end electronics system is installed inside the base; The moderation sphere is fixed above the base.

[0015] The present invention provides a single-sphere neutron spectrometer, comprising a moderator sphere, a plurality of neutron detector groups and a back-end device. The plurality of neutron detector groups are arranged in a plurality of channels inside the moderator sphere, the distances between the neutron detector groups and the center of the moderator sphere are different, the distances between the neutron detectors in the same neutron detector group and the center of the moderator sphere are the same, and the spacings between the neutron detectors in the same neutron detector group are the same. The neutron detectors in each neutron detector group respectively comprise a scintillator structure and a photoelectric conversion device, and the material of the scintillator structure comprises 6 LiF / ZnS(Ag). The back-end device is used to receive the signals of each neutron detector and process the signals to obtain multiple neutron counting rates. The back-end device is also used to determine the neutron energy spectrum of the environment to be tested based on each neutron counting rate. The material of the scintillator structure of the neutron detector in the technical solution of the present invention includes 6 LiF / ZnS(Ag), the intensity of the light signal generated by neutrons in this scintillator structure is much greater than the intensity of the light signal generated by gamma rays in this scintillator structure. Therefore, the neutron detector based on this scintillator structure can distinguish neutron signals from gamma signals very well, and can obtain a more accurate neutron count rate even in an environment where gamma rays are more than neutrons. The back-end equipment can then determine a more accurate neutron energy spectrum of the environment to be tested based on the more accurate neutron count rates transmitted by each neutron detector. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a single-sphere neutron spectrometer method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a light-proof housing provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of a cross-shaped circuit board provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a short rectangular circuit board provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Reference numerals: 11: Moderation sphere; 21: Neutron detector; 41: Circuit board; 51: Temperature chip; 61: Lead ball shell; 101: Base. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] In view of the above problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a single-sphere neutron spectrometer. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single-sphere neutron spectrometer method provided by an embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the single-sphere neutron spectrometer includes: a moderator sphere 11, a plurality of neutron detector groups and back-end equipment.

[0024] The multiple neutron detector groups are arranged in multiple channels inside the moderator sphere 11, and the distances between the neutron detector groups and the center of the moderator sphere 11 are different. The distances between the neutron detectors 21 in the same neutron detector group and the center of the moderator sphere 11 are the same, and the spacings between the neutron detectors 21 in the same neutron detector group are the same; The neutron detectors 21 in each of the neutron detector groups include a scintillator structure and a photoelectric conversion device; the material of the scintillator structure includes 6 LiF / ZnS(Ag); The back-end device is used to receive the signal of each neutron detector 21 and perform signal processing on the signal to obtain multiple neutron counting rates. The back-end device is also used to determine the neutron energy spectrum of the environment to be tested based on each neutron counting rate.

[0025] Specifically, multiple neutron detector groups are arranged in multiple channels inside the moderator sphere 11, and the channels inside the moderator sphere 11 can be pre-cut and formed for arranging multiple neutron detector groups. Since neutrons of different energies pass through moderator materials of different thicknesses, the probability of being detected is different, so the distances of each neutron detector group from the center of the moderator sphere 11 are different. For example, the distance between the neutron detector 21 in the first neutron detector group and the center of the moderator sphere 11 is D1, and the distance between the neutron detector 21 in the second neutron detector group and the center of the moderator sphere 11 is D2, where D1 is not equal to D2. The distances of the neutron detectors 21 in the same neutron detector group from the center of the moderator sphere 11 are the same. For example, the first neutron detector group includes six neutron detectors 21, and the distances of these six neutron detectors 21 from the center of the moderator sphere 11 are the same, and the spacing between each neutron detector 21 in the same neutron detector group is the same.

[0026] Furthermore, the neutron detectors 21 in each neutron detector group include a scintillator structure and a photoelectric conversion device. The material of the scintillator structure includes 6 LiF / ZnS(Ag), that is, the scintillator structure can be 6 Made of a mixture of LiF and ZnS (Ag). 6 LiF represents lithium fluoride-6, and ZnS (Ag) represents zinc sulfide doped silver material. The intensity of the light signal generated by neutrons in the scintillator structure is much greater than the intensity of the light signal generated by gamma rays in the scintillator structure. Therefore, the neutron detector 21 based on the scintillator structure can well distinguish neutron signals from gamma signals, and thus can obtain a more accurate neutron counting rate. Research data show that the neutron detector based on the scintillator structure can distinguish one neutron signal among 107 gamma signals, and the distinction effect is much better than that based on 6 Li glass and 7 Li glass is made into a scintillator structure. In the prior art, there is also a single-sphere spectrometer with 3 He tube gas detector is used as neutron detector, but the 3 The structure of the He tube gas detector is relatively large. 3 The larger structure of the He tube gas detector will affect the structure of the moderator sphere, which will lead to an inaccurate neutron count rate detected by the neutron detector. 6 The mixed material of LiF and ZnS (Ag) can also be easily made into any shape. 6 The mixed material of LiF and ZnS (Ag) can be made into a neutron detector 21 with a smaller structure, and has less influence on the structure of the moderator sphere 11 .

[0027] The back-end device can be used to receive the neutron count rates respectively transmitted by each neutron detector 21, and determine the neutron energy spectrum of the environment to be measured through a spectrum decomposition algorithm based on each neutron count rate.

[0028] Optionally, the diameter of the moderator sphere may be predetermined, for example, 25 centimeters (cm), 30 cm or 35 cm, etc. For neutron spectrum measurement in the energy range of thermal neutrons to 1 GeV, physical simulation studies have shown that a better test effect can be achieved when the diameter of the moderator sphere is 30 cm.

[0029] The present invention provides a single-sphere neutron spectrometer, comprising a moderator sphere 11, a plurality of neutron detector groups and a back-end device. The plurality of neutron detector groups are arranged in a plurality of channels inside the moderator sphere 11, and the distances between the neutron detector groups and the center of the moderator sphere 11 are different. The distances between the neutron detectors 21 in the same neutron detector group and the center of the moderator sphere 11 are the same, and the spacings between the neutron detectors 21 in the same neutron detector group are the same. The neutron detectors 21 in each neutron detector group respectively include a scintillator structure and a photoelectric conversion device, and the material of the scintillator structure includes 6 LiF / ZnS(Ag). The back-end device is used to receive the signals of each neutron detector 21 and process the signals to obtain multiple neutron counting rates. The back-end device is also used to determine the neutron energy spectrum of the environment to be tested based on each neutron counting rate. The scintillator structure of the neutron detector 21 in the technical solution of the present invention includes 6 LiF / ZnS(Ag), the intensity of the light signal generated by neutrons in the scintillator structure is much greater than the intensity of the light signal generated by gamma rays in the scintillator structure, so the neutron detector 21 based on the scintillator structure can well distinguish neutron signals from gamma signals, and can obtain a more accurate neutron count rate even in an environment where gamma rays are more than neutrons. Then the back-end equipment can determine a more accurate neutron energy spectrum of the environment to be tested based on the more accurate neutron count rates transmitted by each neutron detector 21.

[0030] In one embodiment, the neutron detector group disposed at the center of the moderation sphere 11 includes a neutron detector 21; The remaining neutron detector groups each include a plurality of neutron detectors 21 .

[0031] Specifically, the neutron detector group disposed at the center of the moderator sphere 11 includes one neutron detector 21, and except for the neutron detector group disposed at the center of the moderator sphere 11, the remaining neutron detector groups each include a plurality of neutron detectors 21. Figure 1As shown, except for the neutron detector group arranged at the center of the moderator sphere 11, the remaining neutron detector groups can each include six neutron detectors 21. It is easy to understand that since neutrons of different energies pass through moderator materials of different thicknesses, the probability of being detected is different, so the depths of different neutron detector groups from the center of the moderator sphere 11 are arranged from the outside to the inside or from the inside to the outside in sequence, and the same neutron detector group includes multiple neutron detectors 21, which is beneficial to improve the detection accuracy of the neutron count rate at the same distance from the center.

[0032] For example, Figure 1 As shown, the diameter of the moderator sphere 11 may be 30 cm, and a total of 31 neutron detectors 21 are placed inside the moderator sphere 11, and the centers of the 31 neutron detectors 21 are located on three coordinate axes. A neutron detector 21 is placed at the center of the sphere (0, 0, 0), and the remaining 6 neutron detectors 21 of each neutron detector group are located on the -x, +x, -y, +y, -z, +z axes. The coordinates of the centers of the five detectors on the -x axis are (-14, 0, 0), (-12, 0, 0), (-10, 0, 0), (-8, 0, 0) and (-5, 0, 0); the coordinates of the centers of the five detectors on the +x axis are (5, 0, 0), (8, 0, 0), (10, 0, 0), (12, 0, 0) and (14, 0, 0); the coordinates of the centers of the five detectors on the -y axis are (0, -14, 0), (0, -12, 0), (0, -10, 0), (0, -8, 0), (0, -5, 0); +y axis The coordinates of the centers of the five detectors on the upper z axis are (0, 5, 0), (0, 8, 0), (0, 10, 0), (0, 12, 0) and (0, 14, 0); the coordinates of the centers of the five detectors on the -z axis are (0, 0, -14), (0, 0, -12), (0, 0, -10), (0, 0, -8) and (0, 0, -5); the coordinates of the centers of the five detectors on the +z axis are (0, 0, 5), (0, 0, 8), (0, 0, 10), (0, 0, 12) and (0, 0, 14). The above coordinate units are cm.

[0033] In the above embodiment, the neutron detector group arranged at the center of the moderator sphere 11 includes a neutron detector 21. Since the neutron detector 21 is located at the center of the moderator sphere 11, the neutron detector 21 can detect neutrons with higher energy. The remaining neutron detector groups each include a plurality of neutron detectors 21, which is conducive to improving the detection accuracy of the neutron count rate.

[0034] In one embodiment, in each of the neutron detectors 21 , the scintillator structure is disposed on the photoelectric conversion device, and a light reflecting film and a light-proof shell are disposed on a non-contact surface between the scintillator structure and the photoelectric conversion device.

[0035] Specifically, in each neutron detector 21, the scintillator structure is arranged on the photoelectric conversion device, and the non-contact surface between the scintillator structure and the photoelectric conversion device is provided with a light reflecting film and a light-shielding shell. The structure of the light-shielding shell can be as follows: Figure 2 As shown. The scintillator structure is coupled to the photoelectric conversion device, and the surface (i.e., the contact surface) where the scintillator structure is coupled to the photoelectric conversion device serves as the light-emitting surface of the scintillator structure. Furthermore, the light-shielding housing can also be used to fix the scintillator structure, and the light-shielding housing can be fixed to the circuit board 41 by screws.

[0036] In the above embodiment, the scintillator structure is arranged on the photoelectric conversion device, and the non-contact surface between the scintillator structure and the photoelectric conversion device is provided with a light reflecting film and a light-proof shell. The light-proof shell ensures that the scintillator structure is not affected by the light in the environment, further ensuring the accuracy of the neutron counting rate determination.

[0037] In one embodiment, a circuit board 41 is further included, and each of the neutron detector groups is respectively installed on the circuit board 41, and the circuit board 41 is electrically connected to the back-end equipment.

[0038] Specifically, the moderating sphere 11 further includes a circuit board 41, each neutron detector group is installed on the circuit board 41, the circuit board 41 is electrically connected to the back-end device through a socket, and the neutron count rate determined by each neutron detector 21 is transmitted to the back-end device through the circuit board 41. Figure 1 As shown, the circuit board 41 inside the moderator sphere 11 may include a cross-shaped circuit board and two short rectangular circuit boards. The cross-shaped circuit board and the two short rectangular circuit boards are connected via a socket to achieve signal transmission. Each neutron detector 21 is arranged on three mutually perpendicular axes through the cross-shaped circuit board and the two short rectangular circuit boards. Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cross-shaped circuit board provided by an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a short rectangular circuit board provided by an embodiment of the present invention, and the specific structure of the cross-shaped circuit board is as follows Figure 3 As shown, the short rectangular circuit board structure is as follows Figure 4 shown.

[0039] In the above embodiment, each neutron detector group is respectively installed on the circuit board 41, and the circuit board 41 is electrically connected to the back-end device, which facilitates the communication between the neutron detector 21 and the back-end device.

[0040] In one embodiment, it further includes a plurality of temperature chips 51, wherein the temperature chips 51 are mounted on the circuit board 41; The temperature chip 51 is connected to the back-end device and is used to transmit the collected temperature information of the photoelectric conversion device to the back-end device.

[0041] Specifically, the single-sphere neutron spectrometer may further include a plurality of temperature chips 51, and the plurality of temperature chips 51 are all mounted on the circuit board 41. In order to accurately collect the temperature information of the photoelectric conversion device in the neutron detector 21, the temperature chip 51 may be arranged next to the neutron detector 21. Taking the cross-shaped circuit board as an example, Figure 3 As shown, a total of 8 temperature chips 51 are installed on the cross-shaped circuit board, the neutron detector group at the center of the sphere is recorded as the first neutron detector group, and the remaining neutron detector groups are recorded as the second neutron detector group to the sixth neutron detector group based on the order from near to far from the center of the sphere, among which 4 temperature chips 51 are installed next to the neutron detector 21 in the sixth neutron detector group farthest from the center of the sphere, and the other 4 temperature chips 51 are installed next to the neutron detector 21 in the third neutron detector group.

[0042] Furthermore, when the temperature chip 51 is collecting temperature information, the temperature information of the photoelectric conversion device in the neutron detector 21 that is closer to the temperature chip 51 is more accurate. It is easy to understand that in order to further improve the accuracy of the temperature information of each photoelectric conversion device, a temperature chip 51 can also be installed next to each neutron detector 21.

[0043] Furthermore, the temperature chip 51 is connected to the back-end device, and the temperature chip 51 can be used to transmit the collected temperature information of the photoelectric conversion device to the back-end device through the circuit board 41. The temperature information of the photoelectric conversion device received by the back-end device can also correct the temperature effect of the photoelectric conversion device. For example, the power supply voltage of the corresponding photoelectric conversion device can be adjusted according to the temperature information to offset the influence of temperature change on the performance of the photoelectric conversion device, such as the influence of temperature change on the amplification factor of the photoelectric device. Thus, the single-sphere neutron spectrometer of the present invention can be used in non-constant temperature environments or environments with large temperature changes.

[0044] In the above embodiment, the single-sphere neutron spectrometer also includes multiple temperature chips 51, and the temperature chips 51 are installed on the circuit board 41. The temperature chips 51 are also connected to the back-end equipment, so that the temperature information of the photoelectric conversion device can be accurately transmitted to the back-end equipment.

[0045] In one embodiment, the moderator sphere 11 further includes a lead ball shell 61, and the center of the lead ball shell 61 coincides with the center of the moderator sphere 11; The neutron detector group arranged at the center of the moderation sphere 11 is located inside the lead sphere shell 61 .

[0046] Specifically, the moderated sphere 11 further includes a lead sphere shell 61, the center of the lead sphere shell 61 coincides with the center of the moderated sphere 11, and the neutron detector group arranged at the center of the moderated sphere 11 is located inside the lead sphere shell 61. It is easy to understand that the portion between the lead sphere shell 61 and the neutron detector group arranged at the center of the moderated sphere 11 is not hollow, but is filled with the material of the moderated sphere 11, such as polyethylene. Exemplarily, the lead sphere shell 61 may have a thickness of 1 cm, an outer radius of 4 cm, and an inner radius of 3 cm.

[0047] In the above embodiment, the moderator sphere 11 further includes a lead sphere shell 61, the center of the lead sphere shell 61 coincides with the center of the moderator sphere 11, and the neutron detector group disposed at the center of the moderator sphere 11 is located inside the lead sphere shell 61. According to the physical properties of lead, the lead sphere shell 61 can improve the detection accuracy of the neutron detector group disposed at the center of the moderator sphere 11 for high-energy neutrons.

[0048] In one embodiment, the moderator sphere 11 is made of polyethylene material.

[0049] Specifically, the moderator sphere 11 may be made of polyethylene material. The moderator sphere 11 may be assembled from multiple parts, for example, two hemispheres may be assembled into the moderator sphere 11 by fixing with screws.

[0050] Furthermore, the moderator sphere 11 is made of a polyethylene material with a color having a low light transmittance to reduce the influence of light in the test environment on the neutron detector 21 . For example, the moderator sphere 11 can be made of a black polyethylene material.

[0051] In the above embodiment, the moderator sphere 11 is made of polyethylene material. Polyethylene material is solid and has stable properties and does not require an additional support system. Therefore, the neutron detector 21 has more stable performance and is easier to use.

[0052] In one embodiment, the photoelectric conversion device is a silicon photomultiplier.

[0053] Specifically, the photoelectric conversion device may be a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM), and the SiPM is fixed on the circuit board 41 by welding. The SiPM has the characteristics of small size and low power supply requirement. 6 The neutron detector 21 composed of LiF and ZnS (Ag) mixed materials and SiPM has a compact structure, which is convenient for arranging multiple neutron detectors 21 in the moderator sphere 11. The selection of SiPM model mainly considers the spectral curve, peak wavelength, gain, quantum efficiency and dark count output by the scintillator structure, and can meet the detection requirements of neutron signals.

[0054] In the above embodiment, the photoelectric conversion device is selected as a silicon photomultiplier, which can further reduce the structural size of the neutron detector 21 and facilitate the placement of the neutron detector 21 in the moderation sphere 11.

[0055] In addition, the present invention adopts 6 The neutron detector 21 composed of LiF / ZnS (Ag) and SiPM has both ultra-high neutron discrimination capability and can be made into a compact detector, meeting the two most important performance requirements of the neutron detector 21 of the single-sphere neutron spectrometer.

[0056] In one embodiment, the backend device includes a backend electronics system and a computing device, and the backend electronics system and the computing device are communicatively connected.

[0057] Specifically, the back-end device may also include a back-end electronics system and a computing device, which are communicatively connected to each other. The back-end electronics system is used to receive the signals transmitted by each neutron detector 21, and perform signal processing on each signal to obtain the neutron counting rate of each detector, and the computing device is used to determine the neutron energy spectrum of the environment to be tested by a spectrum decomposition algorithm based on each neutron counting rate.

[0058] In the above embodiment, the back-end equipment includes a back-end electronic system and a computing device, which can ensure the reception and processing of the signals transmitted by each neutron detector 21 and determine the neutron energy spectrum of the environment to be tested.

[0059] In one embodiment, it further includes a base 101; The back-end electronics system is installed inside the base 101; The moderation sphere 11 is fixed above the base 101 .

[0060] Specifically, Figure 1 As shown, the single-sphere neutron spectrometer also includes a base 101, and the back-end electronic system is installed inside the base 101 ( Figure 1 (not shown in the figure), the moderator sphere 11 is fixed above the base 101.

[0061] In the above embodiment, the base 101 is provided to stably fix the diffused body sphere, and the back-end electronic system is installed inside the base 101 to ensure the physical safety of the back-end electronic system.

[0062] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A single-sphere neutron spectrometer, characterized in that: include: Moderator sphere, multiple neutron detector arrays and backend equipment: The multiple neutron detector groups are arranged in multiple holes inside the moderator sphere, the distances between the neutron detector groups and the center of the moderator sphere are different, the distances between the neutron detectors in the same neutron detector group and the center of the moderator sphere are the same, and the spacings between the neutron detectors in the same neutron detector group are the same; The neutron detectors in each of the neutron detector groups include a scintillator structure and a photoelectric conversion device; the material of the scintillator structure includes 6 LiF / ZnS(Ag); The back-end device is used to receive the signal of each neutron detector and perform signal processing on the signal to obtain multiple neutron counting rates. The back-end device is also used to determine the neutron energy spectrum of the environment to be tested based on each neutron counting rate.

2. The single-sphere neutron spectrometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The neutron detector group arranged at the center of the moderation sphere includes a neutron detector; The remaining neutron detector groups each include a plurality of neutron detectors.

3. The single-sphere neutron spectrometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In each of the neutron detectors, the scintillator structure is arranged on the photoelectric conversion device, and a light reflecting film and a light-proof shell are arranged on the non-contact surface between the scintillator structure and the photoelectric conversion device.

4. The single-sphere neutron spectrometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a circuit board, and each neutron detector group is installed on the circuit board respectively, and the circuit board is electrically connected to the back-end equipment.

5. The single-sphere neutron spectrometer according to claim 4, characterized in that: Also included are a plurality of temperature chips, wherein the temperature chips are mounted on the circuit board; The temperature chip is connected to the back-end device and is used to transmit the collected temperature information of the photoelectric conversion device to the back-end device.

6. The single-sphere neutron spectrometer according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The moderated sphere further comprises a lead ball shell layer, and the center of the lead ball shell layer coincides with the center of the moderated sphere; The neutron detector group arranged at the center of the moderated sphere is located inside the lead sphere shell.

7. The single-sphere neutron spectrometer according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The slowing sphere is made of polyethylene material.

8. The single-sphere neutron spectrometer according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The photoelectric conversion device is a silicon photomultiplier.

9. The single-sphere neutron spectrometer according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The backend device includes a backend electronics system and a computing device, and the backend electronics system and the computing device are communicatively connected.

10. The single-sphere neutron spectrometer according to claim 9, characterized in that: Also includes a base; The back-end electronics system is installed inside the base; The moderation sphere is fixed above the base.

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