Virtual training method and system for secondary circuit of high voltage circuit breaker based on PLC and HMI

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method and system for virtual training of high-voltage circuit breaker secondary circuits based on a programmable logic controller (PLC) and a human-machine interface (HMI), relating to the technical field of power system training. The method and system include arranging virtual components corresponding to the actual circuit breaker secondary circuit on an experimental circuit board; connecting the virtual components according to the actual wiring method to form a circuit system that can simulate the function of the circuit breaker secondary circuit; using a programmable logic controller (PLC) to control the action of the virtual components; designing a screen for monitoring the status of the circuit breaker secondary circuit on the human-machine interface (HMI) and constructing a fault injection system; and completing virtual training of high-voltage circuit breaker secondary circuits based on the programmable logic controller (PLC) and the human-machine interface (HMI). The present invention constructs a circuit system that can simulate the function of the actual circuit breaker secondary circuit by arranging virtual components on the experimental circuit board and connecting them according to the actual wiring method, thereby reducing training costs and safety risks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of power system training, in particular to a PLC and HMI-based virtual training method and system for a secondary circuit of a high-voltage circuit breaker. Background Art

[0002] The complexity and importance of high-voltage circuit breaker secondary circuits place high demands on power system operators and maintenance personnel. Traditional training methods rely primarily on theoretical learning and practical experience accumulation. New employees typically need two to three years to fully master secondary circuit knowledge and independently troubleshoot. This long-term training method fails to meet the power companies' need for rapid talent development and increases human resource costs.

[0003] Existing technologies suffer from the following major issues: First, actual equipment operation training carries safety risks and high costs, making it unsuitable for frequent practice by novices. Second, purely theoretical learning lacks practical application, making it difficult for trainees to gain a deep understanding of secondary circuit operating principles and troubleshooting methods. Third, traditional simulation training equipment is limited in functionality and struggles to simulate complex fault scenarios, failing to meet comprehensive training needs. Finally, the lack of interactivity and immediate feedback hinders trainees' rapid grasp of knowledge and improvement of their fault diagnosis capabilities. These issues result in suboptimal training outcomes and make it difficult for trainees to quickly adapt to workplace demands. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the problems that the existing circuit breaker secondary circuit training method has safety hazards, poor training effect and the like, the present invention is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is how to use PLC and HMI technologies to build a safe and efficient virtual training environment for circuit breaker secondary circuits to improve the professional skills of maintenance personnel.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for virtual training of a high-voltage circuit breaker secondary circuit based on a PLC and an HMI, comprising arranging virtual components corresponding to an actual circuit breaker secondary circuit on an experimental circuit board; connecting the virtual components according to an actual wiring method to form a circuit system that can simulate the function of the circuit breaker secondary circuit; using a programmable controller (PLC) to control the action of the virtual components to simulate key state parameters of the circuit breaker; designing a screen for monitoring the state of the circuit breaker secondary circuit on the human-machine interface (HMI), and constructing a fault injection system for simulating various secondary circuit faults; and completing virtual training of the high-voltage circuit breaker secondary circuit based on the programmable controller (PLC) and the human-machine interface (HMI).

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the virtual training method for high-voltage circuit breaker secondary circuits based on PLC and HMI described in the present invention, forming a circuit system capable of simulating the functions of the circuit breaker secondary circuit includes the following steps: dividing the functional areas of the circuit breaker secondary circuit on an experimental circuit board; placing virtual components in the functional areas and connecting them with wires of different colors to identify each functional circuit; adopting a modular design to divide the functional circuit into multiple independent functional units; selecting corresponding connection components to connect the virtual components according to the hierarchical relationship of the independent functional units; setting test terminals and programmable resistor networks at key nodes of the independent functional units; and connecting the independent functional units with the PLC and HMI via a bus to form a circuit system capable of simulating the functions of the circuit breaker secondary circuit.

[0009] As a preferred solution of the virtual training method for a high-voltage circuit breaker secondary circuit based on PLC and HMI described in the present invention, the following steps are included: establishing a data structure corresponding to the virtual component on the experimental circuit board in the PLC; setting an energy storage control unit, a closing control unit and an opening control unit in the PLC program to monitor and control the action state of the virtual component; configuring a PLC timer to simulate the energy storage process and the opening and closing action timing of the circuit breaker; reading the resistance value of the programmable resistor network through the PLC program and converting the resistance value into the SF6 pressure state of the circuit breaker; receiving a pulse signal simulating the operation of the energy storage motor through the PLC program to determine the energy storage state; allocating data registers for key state parameters of the circuit breaker in the PLC, and the data registers are used to store the key state parameters of the circuit breaker; writing a PLC data processing subroutine to convert the virtual component state variables into key state parameters of the circuit breaker and write them into the corresponding data registers; configuring the communication protocol parameters between the PLC and the HMI to establish a data transmission channel for the key state parameters of the circuit breaker.

[0010] As a preferred solution of the virtual training method for the secondary circuit of a high-voltage circuit breaker based on PLC and HMI described in the present invention, the method comprises: setting an energy storage control unit, a closing control unit and an opening control unit in a PLC program, including creating an energy storage control unit, a closing control unit and an opening control unit; setting an energy storage completion judgment condition in the energy storage control unit, and judging the energy storage status according to the running time of the energy storage motor or the position switch status of the energy storage mechanism; setting a closing interlocking condition in the closing control unit, and using the energy storage completion signal and the locking condition as input parameters for the closing operation; setting an emergency opening function in the opening control unit, and using the emergency opening signal as the input parameter with the highest priority; designing the interaction logic between the energy storage control unit, the closing control unit and the opening control unit, and defining the sequence and interlocking relationship of the energy storage, closing and opening operations; integrating a fault detection algorithm in each control unit to identify the abnormal state of the corresponding virtual component and generate an alarm signal.

[0011] As a preferred solution of the virtual training method for the secondary circuit of a high-voltage circuit breaker based on PLC and HMI described in the present invention, the method includes: converting the resistance value into the SF6 pressure state of the circuit breaker, collecting the resistance value signal of the programmable resistor network and filtering it; establishing a first correspondence table between the resistance value and the SF6 pressure, and mapping the resistance value range to the corresponding SF6 pressure level; converting the filtered resistance value into the SF6 pressure value according to the first correspondence table; setting the SF6 pressure alarm threshold, and generating an alarm signal when the converted SF6 pressure value is lower than the preset threshold; writing an SF6 pressure trend analysis program, calculating the SF6 pressure change rate and predicting potential leakage; integrating a self-diagnosis module in the PLC program, regularly checking the validity of the resistance value signal, and generating a sensor fault alarm signal if an abnormal signal is detected.

[0012] As a preferred solution of the virtual training method for high-voltage circuit breaker secondary circuit based on PLC and HMI described in the present invention, wherein: designing a screen for monitoring the status of the circuit breaker secondary circuit on the human-machine interface HMI includes: creating a main screen on the HMI, dividing the main screen into a circuit breaker status display area, a virtual component action area, a parameter monitoring area and an operation control area; drawing a simple diagram of the circuit breaker secondary circuit in the circuit breaker status display area, marking key nodes and functional units; setting a graphic component corresponding to the virtual component on the experimental circuit board in the virtual component action area; establishing a data link between the graphic component and the corresponding virtual component state variable in the PLC, and updating the virtual component state in real time; setting a numerical display box and a trend chart in the parameter monitoring area; setting a virtual button in the operation control area, and establishing a data link between the virtual button and the corresponding control variable in the PLC; designing a dynamic color change scheme, and the graphic component presents corresponding color changes according to the different states of the virtual component.

[0013] As a preferred solution of the virtual training method for the secondary circuit of a high-voltage circuit breaker based on PLC and HMI described in the present invention, the key state parameters of the circuit breaker include the energy storage state of the circuit breaker, the SF6 pressure state, the operating state of the energy storage motor, the closing coil and the opening coil.

[0014] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a high-voltage circuit breaker secondary circuit simulation training system based on PLC and HMI, which includes a virtual component layout module for arranging virtual components corresponding to the actual circuit breaker secondary circuit on an experimental circuit board; a virtual component connection module for connecting the virtual components according to the actual wiring method to form a circuit system that can simulate the function of the circuit breaker secondary circuit; an action control module for using a programmable controller PLC to control the action of the virtual components and simulate the key state parameters of the circuit breaker; an interface design module for designing a screen for monitoring the status of the circuit breaker secondary circuit on the human-machine interface HMI and building a fault injection system for simulating various types of secondary circuit faults; and an execution module for completing virtual training of the high-voltage circuit breaker secondary circuit based on the programmable controller PLC and the human-machine interface HMI.

[0015] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, wherein: when the computer program instructions are executed by the processor, the steps of the high-voltage circuit breaker secondary circuit virtual training method based on PLC and HMI as described in the first aspect of the present invention are implemented.

[0016] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein: when the computer program instructions are executed by a processor, the steps of the high-voltage circuit breaker secondary circuit virtual training method based on PLC and HMI as described in the first aspect of the present invention are implemented.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by arranging virtual components on an experimental circuit board and connecting them according to actual wiring methods, the present invention constructs a circuit system that can simulate the secondary circuit functions of an actual circuit breaker, thereby reducing training costs and safety risks. The combination of PLC and HMI not only achieves precise control and real-time monitoring of virtual components, but also provides an intuitive operating interface, effectively improving the interactivity and practicality of training. By constructing a fault injection system, the present invention can simulate various types of secondary circuit faults, providing trainees with rich fault diagnosis and handling experience, and significantly enhancing the comprehensiveness and effectiveness of training. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 The framework flow chart of the virtual training method for the secondary circuit of high-voltage circuit breaker based on PLC and HMI.

[0020] Figure 2 This is the control principle diagram of the virtual training method for the secondary circuit of a high-voltage circuit breaker based on PLC and HMI.

[0021] Figure 3 A flow chart is constructed for a circuit system that can simulate the functions of a circuit breaker's secondary circuit, a virtual training method for a high-voltage circuit breaker's secondary circuit based on PLC and HMI.

[0022] Figure 4 Computer equipment diagram for the virtual training method for the secondary circuit of a high-voltage circuit breaker based on PLC and HMI. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0025] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in various places throughout this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] Reference Figures 1 to 4 , which is the first embodiment of the present invention, provides a virtual training method for a high-voltage circuit breaker secondary circuit based on PLC and HMI, including:

[0028] S1: Arrange virtual components corresponding to the actual circuit breaker secondary circuit on the experimental circuit board.

[0029] Preferably, the virtual elements include an air switch, a switching knob, an opening and closing button, an energy storage motor, and a relay.

[0030] It should be noted that since the secondary circuit of the circuit breaker involves key functions such as the circuit breaker's energy storage state control and closing / opening operations, the above-mentioned virtual components are selected to simulate the key components and operating characteristics of the actual circuit breaker. In addition, the experimental circuit board used in the present invention is a perforated board.

[0031] S2: Connecting the virtual components according to an actual wiring method to form a circuit system that can simulate the secondary circuit function of a circuit breaker.

[0032] S2.1: Divide the functional areas of the circuit breaker secondary circuit on the experimental circuit board.

[0033] It should be noted that the functional areas include a control power supply area, an energy storage area, a closing and opening control area, and a signal feedback area.

[0034] S2.2: Place virtual components in the functional area and connect them with wires of different colors to identify each functional circuit.

[0035] S2.3: Adopt modular design to divide the functional circuit into multiple functional units.

[0036] Specifically, the independent functional unit includes a control power supply unit, an energy storage unit, a closing unit, an opening unit, an SF6 pressure monitoring unit and a state feedback unit.

[0037] S2.4: Select corresponding connection components to connect the virtual components according to the hierarchical relationship of the independent functional units.

[0038] Specifically, quick connectors are used to connect virtual components inside each functional unit; and detachable connectors are used to connect between functional units.

[0039] It should be noted that quick connectors are used to improve assembly efficiency and flexibility within functional units; detachable connectors facilitate unit-level fault simulation and maintenance.

[0040] S2.5: Set test terminals and programmable resistor networks at key nodes of the functional unit.

[0041] Specifically, the programmable resistor network is used to simulate various contact states of the circuit breaker; the test terminals are used to connect external measuring instruments to perform voltage, current and signal measurements.

[0042] It should be noted that the test terminal can also be used as an access point for fault simulation, used to inject fault signals at specific nodes to facilitate fault diagnosis and analysis.

[0043] S2.6: Connect the independent functional unit to the PLC and HMI via a bus to form a circuit system that can simulate the secondary circuit function of the circuit breaker.

[0044] S3: Using a programmable controller (PLC) to control the actions of the virtual components and simulate key state parameters of the circuit breaker.

[0045] Preferably, the method comprises the following steps:

[0046] S3.1: Create data structures in the PLC that correspond to the virtual components on the experimental circuit board.

[0047] The data structure includes the state variables of the air switch, switching knob, opening and closing buttons, energy storage motor and relay.

[0048] S3.2: Set an energy storage control unit, a closing control unit, and an opening control unit in the PLC program to monitor and control the operating status of the virtual element.

[0049] Preferably, an energy storage control unit is created in the PLC program, which includes energy storage motor control logic and energy storage status monitoring function; energy storage completion judgment conditions are set in the energy storage control unit, and the energy storage status is judged according to the energy storage motor running time or the energy storage mechanism position switch status; a closing control unit is created in the PLC program, which includes closing coil control logic and closing status monitoring function; a closing interlocking condition is set in the closing control unit, and the energy storage completion signal and the locking condition are used as input parameters for the closing operation; an opening control unit is created in the PLC program, which includes opening coil control logic and opening status monitoring function; an emergency opening function is set in the opening control unit, and the emergency opening signal is used as the input parameter with the highest priority; the interaction logic between the three control units is designed to define the sequence and interlocking relationship of energy storage, closing and opening operations; a fault detection algorithm is integrated in each control unit to identify the abnormal state of the corresponding virtual component and generate an alarm signal; a data communication interface between the control unit and the human-machine interface HMI is constructed, and the data communication interface is used to receive operation instructions sent by the HMI and transmit the status information of the control unit to the HMI; and the operation mode switching logic is set in the PLC program.

[0050] Specifically, the operation mode switching logic includes: if the data communication interface receives a manual operation instruction, the PLC control logic is switched to the manual operation mode; if a manual operation completion signal is detected or an automatic control recovery instruction is received, the PLC control logic is switched to the automatic control mode.

[0051] Preferably, this step achieves highly integrated and intelligent switch operation control by setting three independent but interrelated control units for energy storage, closing, and opening in the PLC program. This design not only improves the reliability and safety of the system, but also enhances the flexibility of operation. In particular, by setting the energy storage completion judgment conditions, closing interlocking conditions, and emergency opening functions, the system can more accurately control the switch action and effectively prevent misoperation and equipment damage. At the same time, the integrated fault detection algorithm and HMI communication interface enhance the system's real-time monitoring capabilities and human-computer interaction effects, enabling operators to respond to various operating conditions more quickly and accurately, thereby significantly improving the operating efficiency and safety of the switchgear.

[0052] S3.3: Configure the PLC timer to simulate the circuit breaker energy storage process and opening and closing action sequence.

[0053] S3.4: Read the resistance value of the programmable resistor network through the PLC program, and convert the resistance value into the circuit breaker SF6 pressure state.

[0054] Specifically, a PLC analog input module is configured to collect the resistance value signal of the programmable resistor network; a sampling period is set in the PLC program to read the data of the analog input module at regular intervals; the collected resistance value signal is filtered; a first correspondence table between resistance value and SF6 pressure is established to map resistance values ​​in different ranges to corresponding SF6 pressure levels; according to the first correspondence table, the filtered resistance value is converted into an SF6 pressure value; an SF6 pressure alarm threshold is set to generate an alarm signal when the converted SF6 pressure value is lower than the preset threshold; the converted SF6 pressure value is stored in a PLC data register; an SF6 pressure trend analysis program is written to calculate the SF6 pressure change rate and predict possible leakage; a data calibration function is set to allow the actual measured SF6 pressure value to be input through the HMI and automatically adjust the correspondence between the resistance value and the SF6 pressure; a self-diagnosis module is integrated in the PLC program to regularly check the validity of the resistance value signal and generate a sensor fault alarm signal if an abnormal signal is detected.

[0055] S3.5: Receive the pulse signal of the simulated energy storage motor when running through the PLC program to determine the energy storage status.

[0056] Specifically, a PLC high-speed counter module is configured to receive the pulse signal generated when the simulated energy storage motor is running; a counter variable is initialized in the PLC program to accumulate the number of pulse signals; a trigger threshold of the pulse signal is set to determine the identification standard of the valid pulse; a pulse counting program is written, and when a pulse signal exceeding the trigger threshold is received, the counter variable is incremented; a second correspondence table between the number of pulses and the energy storage progress is established, and the number of pulses in different ranges is mapped to the corresponding energy storage progress percentage; according to the second correspondence table, the accumulated number of pulses is converted into an energy storage progress value; an energy storage completion judgment condition is set, and when the energy storage progress value reaches a preset threshold, an energy storage completion signal is generated; an energy storage time monitoring program is written to record the time from the start of energy storage to the completion of energy storage, which is used to evaluate the energy storage efficiency; an abnormality detection logic is set, and when the energy storage time exceeds the preset maximum value or the pulse signal is abnormal, an energy storage fault alarm is generated; an energy storage status reset module is set in the PLC program, allowing the counter variable to be cleared and the energy storage process to be restarted when the first condition is met.

[0057] The first condition includes receiving a manual reset instruction, detecting that the physical position of the energy storage mechanism returns to an initial state, system power-on initialization, and automatic reset after fault recovery.

[0058] Preferably, this step precisely monitors the operating status of the energy storage motor through a PLC program, enabling real-time, accurate control of the energy storage process. A high-speed counter module receives pulse signals and establishes a correspondence between the number of pulses and the energy storage progress, enabling the system to dynamically and accurately calculate the energy storage progress. This approach not only improves the accuracy of energy storage control but also enhances system reliability. In particular, the anomaly detection logic and energy storage status reset module enable timely detection and resolution of anomalies during the energy storage process, effectively preventing equipment damage.

[0059] S3.6: Allocate data registers of key state parameters of the circuit breaker in the PLC, where the data registers are used to store the key state parameters of the circuit breaker.

[0060] Among them, the key status parameters of the circuit breaker include the circuit breaker energy storage status, SF6 pressure status, energy storage motor, closing coil and opening coil operation status.

[0061] S3.7: Write a PLC data processing subroutine to convert the virtual component state variables into key state parameters of the circuit breaker and write them into the corresponding data registers.

[0062] S3.8: Configure the communication protocol parameters between the PLC and the HMI, and establish a data transmission channel for the key status parameters of the circuit breaker.

[0063] S4: Design a screen on the human-machine interface (HMI) to monitor the status of the circuit breaker's secondary circuit and build a fault injection system.

[0064] Specifically, a main screen is created on the HMI, and the screen is divided into a circuit breaker status display area, a virtual component action area, a parameter monitoring area, and an operation control area; a circuit breaker secondary circuit diagram is drawn in the circuit breaker status display area, and key nodes and functional units are marked; graphic components corresponding to virtual components on the experimental circuit board are set in the virtual component action area, and the graphic components include switches, buttons, and indicator lights; a data link is established between the graphic components and the corresponding virtual component state variables in the PLC, and the virtual component status is updated in real time; a numerical display box and a trend chart for displaying key status parameters of the circuit breaker are set in the parameter monitoring area; a virtual button for simulating circuit breaker operation is set in the operation control area, and a data link is established between the virtual button and the corresponding control variable in the PLC; a dynamic color change scheme is designed to make the graphic component present corresponding color changes according to the different states of the virtual component; and an alarm information display bar is added at the top of the main screen to display abnormal status and fault information of the circuit breaker in real time.

[0065] Furthermore, a fault injection module is created on the HMI main screen, wherein the fault injection module includes a fault type selection area, a fault parameter setting area and a fault activation button; a plurality of selection controls are configured in the fault type selection area, and the selection controls correspond to preset secondary circuit fault types; a parameter adjustment control is configured in the fault parameter setting area, and the parameter adjustment control is used to set the severity and duration of the fault; a data communication link is established between the fault injection module and the virtual component state variables in the PLC; a fault simulation subroutine is written in the PLC program, and a fault diagnosis wizard interface is constructed on the HMI; and an expert knowledge base is integrated in the fault diagnosis wizard interface.

[0066] It should be noted that secondary circuit fault types include energy storage faults, closing faults, opening faults, and abnormal SF6 pressure. The fault simulation subroutine modifies the state variables or operating characteristics of the corresponding virtual components based on the fault type and parameter information input by the HMI. The fault diagnosis wizard interface displays the fault phenomenon analysis process, fault cause identification steps, and the treatment plan development process.

[0067] S6: Complete virtual training on the secondary circuit of high-voltage circuit breaker based on programmable controller (PLC) and human-machine interface (HMI).

[0068] Specifically, start the PLC control program and HMI monitoring interface; show the trainees the initial state of the circuit breaker's secondary circuit through the HMI monitoring screen; guide the trainees to operate the virtual circuit breaker through the HMI interface to perform basic operations such as energy storage, closing and opening; the PLC responds to the trainees' operating instructions according to the preset control logic and controls the actions of the virtual components; the key status parameters of the circuit breaker are updated and displayed in real time on the HMI monitoring screen; start the fault injection system to inject a preset secondary circuit fault into the virtual circuit breaker system; guide the trainees to observe the fault indications on the HMI interface, diagnose the fault type, and perform fault handling through virtual component operations; record the trainees' operating process and generate a training evaluation report.

[0069] Furthermore, this embodiment also provides a high-voltage circuit breaker secondary circuit simulation training system based on PLC and HMI, including a virtual component layout module for arranging virtual components corresponding to the actual circuit breaker secondary circuit on the experimental circuit board; a virtual component connection module for connecting the virtual components according to the actual wiring method to form a circuit system that can simulate the function of the circuit breaker secondary circuit; an action control module for using a programmable controller PLC to control the action of the virtual components and simulate the key state parameters of the circuit breaker; an interface design module for designing a screen for monitoring the status of the circuit breaker secondary circuit on the human-machine interface HMI and building a fault injection system for simulating various types of secondary circuit faults; and an execution module for completing high-voltage circuit breaker secondary circuit virtual training based on the programmable controller PLC and the human-machine interface HMI.

[0070] This embodiment also provides a computer device, which is suitable for the virtual training method for the secondary circuit of a high-voltage circuit breaker based on PLC and HMI, and includes a memory and a processor; the memory is used to store computer-executable instructions, and the processor is used to execute the computer-executable instructions to implement the virtual training method for the secondary circuit of a high-voltage circuit breaker based on PLC and HMI as proposed in the above embodiment.

[0071] The computer device may be a terminal, comprising a processor, a memory, a communication interface, a display screen and an input device connected via a system bus. The processor of the computer device is used to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device comprises a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system and a computer program. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and the computer program in the non-volatile storage medium. The communication interface of the computer device is used to communicate with an external terminal in a wired or wireless manner, and the wireless manner may be achieved through WIFI, an operator network, NFC (near field communication) or other technologies. The display screen of the computer device may be a liquid crystal display or an electronic ink display screen, and the input device of the computer device may be a touch layer covering the display screen, or a button, trackball or touchpad provided on the housing of the computer device, or an external keyboard, touchpad or mouse.

[0072] This embodiment further provides a storage medium having a computer program stored thereon. When the program is executed by a processor, the method for implementing a virtual training method for a secondary circuit of a high-voltage circuit breaker based on PLC and HMI as proposed in the above embodiment is implemented.

[0073] In summary, the present invention constructs a circuit system that can simulate the secondary circuit functions of an actual circuit breaker by arranging virtual components on an experimental circuit board and connecting them according to the actual wiring method, thereby greatly reducing training costs and safety risks. The combination of PLC and HMI not only achieves precise control and real-time monitoring of virtual components, but also provides an intuitive operating interface, effectively improving the interactivity and practicality of training. By constructing a fault injection system, the present invention can simulate various types of secondary circuit faults, provide trainees with rich fault diagnosis and handling experience, and significantly enhance the comprehensiveness and effectiveness of training.

[0074] Example 2

[0075] Reference Figures 1 to 4 This is the second embodiment of the present invention, which provides a virtual training method for the secondary circuit of a high-voltage circuit breaker based on PLC and HMI. In order to verify the beneficial effects of the present invention, scientific demonstration is carried out through economic benefit calculation and simulation experiments.

[0076] First, a system function test was performed. The PLC control program and HMI monitoring interface started normally, and the virtual component status was displayed correctly. Testers conducted basic operation tests through the HMI interface, including energy storage, closing, and opening. After the energy storage operation was triggered, the PLC high-speed counter module received the pulse signal generated by the simulated energy storage motor. When the cumulative number of pulses reached 1000, the energy storage progress was displayed as 100%, which took 15 seconds. When the closing operation was executed, the PLC detected that the energy storage completion signal and the locking conditions were met, the closing coil status variable was set, and the corresponding graphic component on the HMI changed from gray to green, indicating that the closing was successful. The opening operation response time was 50 milliseconds, which met the actual performance requirements of the high-voltage circuit breaker.

[0077] Next, a fault simulation test was conducted. Using the HMI fault injection module, the "Energy Storage Fault" type was selected, with the fault parameters set to "Energy Storage Motor Overload" and a duration of 10 minutes. After activating the fault, the fault simulation subroutine in the PLC program modified the state variables of the energy storage motor, causing it to stop after 3 seconds. The energy storage progress on the HMI monitoring screen remained at 20%, and the "Energy Storage Fault" alarm was triggered, displayed in the alarm bar at the top of the screen.

[0078] During the fault diagnosis training, a maintenance technician with two years of experience simulated troubleshooting. The technician first checked the fault symptoms on the HMI interface. Then, following the prompts on the fault diagnosis wizard interface, they sequentially inspected the control power supply, energy storage motor, and energy storage mechanism. During the energy storage motor inspection, they discovered an abnormally high current, reaching 1.5 times the rated current. Based on the recommendations from the expert knowledge base, the technician simulated replacing the energy storage motor, resolving the fault. The entire fault diagnosis and resolution process took eight minutes, less than the preset 10-minute standard.

[0079] To evaluate the effectiveness of the system's training, a training session was held for 10 newly hired maintenance personnel. Each participant completed five rounds of troubleshooting exercises on the virtual training system. During each round, the fault injection randomization unit injected different types of faults from a fault scenario library. Statistics showed that the average troubleshooting time for the participants in the first round was 15 minutes. By the fifth round, this average handling time had been reduced to 6 minutes, and the fault diagnosis accuracy rate increased from 85% to 93%.

[0080] During the advanced training phase, the fault superposition simulation unit was activated, simultaneously injecting two faults: "low SF6 pressure" and "open closing coil." System records showed that only two trainees were able to correctly diagnose the dual faults and take appropriate action within the specified time. This result indicates that trainees need further training and practice to handle complex fault scenarios.

[0081] After the training, the system generated a detailed training evaluation report. The report showed that all trainees' troubleshooting skills improved significantly, with the average score rising from 78 to 92. Specifically, for handling common single faults, trainees' average reaction time decreased by 60%, and operational accuracy increased by 25%. However, there was still room for improvement in handling multiple faults and some rare fault types.

[0082] Preferably, the comparison indicators of the present invention and the traditional method are shown in Table 1.

[0083] Table 1 Comparative index table of the present invention and traditional method

[0084] Comparison indicators The present invention Traditional methods Training cycle 7 days 14 days Fault diagnosis accuracy (%) 93％ 85％ Average reaction time 60% shorter Benchmark Operation accuracy 25% increase Benchmark Average score 92 85

[0085] As can be seen from Table 1, the method of the present invention significantly improves the trainees' fault diagnosis accuracy, reaction speed, operation accuracy and overall performance while shortening the training period.

[0086] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A virtual training method for high-voltage circuit breaker secondary circuits based on PLC and HMI, characterized by: include, Arrange virtual components corresponding to the actual circuit breaker secondary circuit on the experimental circuit board; Connect the virtual components according to the actual wiring method to form a circuit system that can simulate the secondary circuit function of the circuit breaker; The circuit system for simulating the secondary circuit function of a circuit breaker comprises the following steps: Divide the functional areas of the circuit breaker secondary circuit on the experimental circuit board; Place virtual components in the functional area and connect them with wires of different colors to identify each functional circuit; A modular design is adopted to divide the functional circuit into multiple independent functional units; Selecting corresponding connection components to connect the virtual components according to the hierarchical relationship of the independent functional units; Setting test terminals and programmable resistor networks at key nodes of the independent functional units; Connecting the independent functional unit with the PLC and HMI via a bus to form a circuit system capable of simulating the secondary circuit function of the circuit breaker; A programmable controller (PLC) is used to control the actions of the virtual components and simulate key state parameters of the circuit breaker; The use of a programmable controller (PLC) to control the motion of the virtual element comprises the following steps: Create a data structure in the PLC that corresponds to the virtual components on the experimental circuit board; An energy storage control unit, a closing control unit, and an opening control unit are set in the PLC program to monitor and control the operating state of the virtual element; Configure PLC timer to simulate circuit breaker energy storage process and opening and closing action sequence; Reading the resistance value of the programmable resistor network through the PLC program and converting the resistance value into the circuit breaker SF6 pressure state; Receive the pulse signal of the simulated energy storage motor when it is running through the PLC program to determine the energy storage status; Allocating data registers of key state parameters of the circuit breaker in the PLC, wherein the data registers are used to store the key state parameters of the circuit breaker; Write a PLC data processing subroutine to convert the virtual component state variables into key circuit breaker state parameters and write them into the corresponding data registers; Configuring the communication protocol parameters between the PLC and the HMI to establish a data transmission channel for the key status parameters of the circuit breaker; The converting the resistance value into the circuit breaker SF6 pressure state includes: Collect the resistance value signal of the programmable resistor network and perform filtering processing; Establishing a first correspondence table between resistance value and SF6 pressure, mapping the resistance value range to the corresponding SF6 pressure level; According to the first correspondence table, the filtered resistance value is converted into an SF6 pressure value; Set the SF6 pressure alarm threshold. When the converted SF6 pressure value is lower than the preset threshold, an alarm signal is generated. Write SF6 pressure trend analysis program to calculate SF6 pressure change rate and predict potential leakage; A self-diagnosis module is integrated into the PLC program to regularly check the validity of the resistance value signal. If an abnormal signal is detected, a sensor fault alarm signal is generated. Design a screen on the human-machine interface (HMI) to monitor the status of the circuit breaker's secondary circuit, and build a fault injection system to simulate various secondary circuit faults. Complete virtual training on the secondary circuit of high-voltage circuit breakers based on programmable controllers (PLCs) and human-machine interfaces (HMIs).

2. The high-voltage circuit breaker secondary circuit virtual training method based on PLC and HMI according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage control unit, the closing control unit and the opening control unit are set in the PLC program, including: Create energy storage control unit, closing control unit and opening control unit; Setting the energy storage completion judgment condition in the energy storage control unit to judge the energy storage state according to the energy storage motor running time or the energy storage mechanism position switch state; Setting the closing interlocking condition in the closing control unit, and using the energy storage completion signal and the interlocking condition as input parameters for the closing operation; An emergency trip function is set in the trip control unit, and an emergency trip signal is used as the input parameter with the highest priority; Design the interaction logic between the energy storage control unit, closing control unit, and opening control unit, and define the sequence and interlocking relationship of energy storage, closing, and opening operations; A fault detection algorithm is integrated in each control unit to identify abnormal states of corresponding virtual components and generate alarm signals.

3. The high-voltage circuit breaker secondary circuit virtual training method based on PLC and HMI according to claim 2, characterized in that: The screen designed on the human-machine interface HMI for monitoring the status of the secondary circuit of the circuit breaker includes: Creating a main screen on the HMI, dividing the main screen into a circuit breaker status display area, a virtual component action area, a parameter monitoring area, and an operation control area; Draw a simplified diagram of the secondary circuit of the circuit breaker in the circuit breaker status display area, marking key nodes and functional units; Setting a graphic component corresponding to the virtual component on the experimental circuit board in the virtual component action area; Establishing a data link between the graphic component and the corresponding virtual component state variable in the PLC to update the virtual component state in real time; Setting a numerical display box and a trend graph in the parameter monitoring area; Setting a virtual button in the operation control area and establishing a data link between the virtual button and the corresponding control variable in the PLC; A dynamic color change scheme is designed, and the graphic component presents corresponding color changes according to different states of the virtual element.

4. The high-voltage circuit breaker secondary circuit virtual training method based on PLC and HMI according to claim 3, characterized in that: The key state parameters of the circuit breaker include the energy storage state of the circuit breaker, the SF6 pressure state, the operating state of the energy storage motor, the closing coil and the opening coil.

5. A high-voltage circuit breaker secondary circuit simulation training system based on PLC and HMI, based on the high-voltage circuit breaker secondary circuit virtual training method based on PLC and HMI according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Also includes, A virtual component placement module is used to place virtual components corresponding to the actual circuit breaker secondary circuit on the experimental circuit board; A virtual element connection module, used to connect the virtual elements according to the actual wiring method to form a circuit system that can simulate the secondary circuit function of the circuit breaker; An action control module, used to control the action of the virtual element using a programmable controller (PLC) to simulate key state parameters of the circuit breaker; An interface design module is used to design a screen on the human-machine interface (HMI) for monitoring the status of the circuit breaker's secondary circuit and to build a fault injection system for simulating various secondary circuit faults. The execution module is used to complete virtual training of the secondary circuit of the high-voltage circuit breaker based on the programmable controller PLC and human-machine interface HMI.

6. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, wherein: When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the high-voltage circuit breaker secondary circuit virtual training method based on PLC and HMI are implemented as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

7. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the high-voltage circuit breaker secondary circuit virtual training method based on PLC and HMI are implemented as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

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