Seedling raising method for ficus auriculata seeds and application of seedling raising method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of forest tree seedling raising, and particularly relates to a ficus auriculata seed seedling raising method and application thereof. According to the method, the pectin-seed-sand mixture formed by mixing the pectin, the seeds and the sand in the ficus auriculata fruits replaces independent ficus auriculata seeds for sowing, so that the problem that the ficus auriculata seeds are small and large in number and are difficult to treat is solved, the germination rate of the seeds is increased, the seedling emergence time is shortened, and the survival rate of the ficus auriculata is increased. The breeding speed of the ficus auriculata is greatly improved. Meanwhile, the method is relatively extensive in environmental condition requirement, simple to operate and easy to popularize and apply in vast farmers, the formation of the planting scale is accelerated, and the industrial development is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of forest seedling cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating seedlings of Ficus microcarpa seeds and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Ficus auriculata is a tree or small tree of the genus Ficus in the family Moraceae. It is commonly known as steamed bread fruit, big fig, polo fruit, big papaya, etc. It likes to grow in humid rainforests in low mountain valleys. According to literature records, the bast fiber of Ficus plants can be used as a substitute for hemp, many species are good host trees for lac insects, and the fruits of some species are edible or medicinal. The characteristics and uses of Ficus auriculata are very similar to those of figs. Its mature plants have a long fruiting period and high yield. The taste of its fruits is better than that of commercial figs. In addition, its roots and stems contain many high-value chemicals such as flavonoids and triterpenes. At the same time, Ficus auriculata has a special use in southwest my country, that is, its young leaves can be eaten as vegetables, which can be used for stir-frying, soup, cold salad and other eating methods. It tastes delicious and can be paired with a variety of ingredients. It can also be dried and stored for future use. The market sales channels are smooth, and it is a local characteristic wild vegetable resource. It can be seen that large-fruited banyan has high edible value and economic value.

[0003] However, up to now, the large-fruited fig has not been planted on a large scale, and it is still mainly grown in the wild. The main reasons for the lack of large-scale planting are as follows: First, the large-fruited fig is a dioecious plant, and only the female fruit is edible. The ratio of male and female plants in the planting ratio is about 1:1, that is, half of them will not produce fruit after planting; second, the suitable living environment is limited. In my country, the large-fruited fig is only limited to the southwest region. Beyond this area, the fruit quality is difficult to guarantee; third, there is no targeted planting and management technology, etc. These factors limit the large-fruited fig's large-scale development.

[0004] The seeds of Ficus microcarpa are small and numerous. A mature fruit contains hundreds or even thousands of seeds. However, since the seeds are extremely small and the inside of the fruit often contains pectin that wraps the seeds, it is difficult to separate the fruit from the seeds using general processing methods. The seeds are difficult to collect and sowing is extremely difficult, so few people pay attention to the method of using seeds for seedling breeding. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for raising seedlings of Ficus microcarpa and its application, wherein the method provides a breeding approach for Ficus microcarpa seedlings, increases the supply of seedlings, accelerates the formation of Ficus microcarpa planting scale, and promotes the development of the industry.

[0006] The invention provides a Ficus microcarpa pectin-seed-sand mixture, which comprises pectin in Ficus microcarpa fruits, Ficus microcarpa seeds and sand.

[0007] Preferably, the Ficus microcarpa pectin-seed-sand mixture is obtained by mixing pectin and seeds in Ficus microcarpa fruits with sand, and the weight ratio of the number of Ficus microcarpa fruits to the sand is 1:1-2kg.

[0008] The present invention provides a method for raising seedlings of Ficus microcarpa seeds, comprising the following steps:

[0009] Sowing the pectin-seed-sand mixture described in the above technical solution into the seedling medium;

[0010] The large-fruited fig is managed as a seedling after sowing to obtain large-fruited fig seedlings.

[0011] Preferably, the seedling matrix includes a seedling matrix placed in a seedling bed, and the ratio of the number of large-fruited fig fruits to the area of ​​the seedling bed is 1:1-2m 2 .

[0012] Preferably, the seedling growing matrix comprises river sand, peat soil and red soil, and the volume ratio of the river sand, peat soil and red soil is 1:1:1.

[0013] Preferably, before sowing, the nursery bed is pretreated, and the pretreatment includes: watering the nursery substrate thoroughly with water, and then watering the nursery bed again thoroughly with a fungicide aqueous solution;

[0014] The bactericide aqueous solution includes a carbendazim aqueous solution, and the mass ratio of carbendazim to water in the carbendazim aqueous solution is 1:500-1000.

[0015] Preferably, the sowing method is broadcasting.

[0016] Preferably, after the pectin-seed-sand mixture is sown on a seedling bed containing a seedling substrate, it is covered with a 2-3 cm thick seedling substrate.

[0017] Preferably, the seedling management comprises: watering the seedling bed after sowing the Ficus microcarpa seeds, and then watering the seedling bed again after sowing the Ficus microcarpa seeds with a fungicide aqueous solution; and then, watering once every 2-3 days until the seedlings emerge.

[0018] The present invention also provides the use of the Ficus microcarpa pectin-seed-sand mixture described in the above technical solution or the method described in the above technical solution in the planting of Ficus microcarpa.

[0019] Beneficial effects:

[0020] The present invention provides a kind of big-fruit fig pectin-seed-sand mixture, including pectin in big-fruit fig fruit, big-fruit fig seed and sand, on this basis, the present invention also provides a kind of big-fruit fig seed seedling method, including the following steps: mixing the pectin and seed in big-fruit fig fruit with sand, obtaining pectin-seed-sand mixture; sowing the pectin-seed-sand mixture into a nursery bed containing a seedling substrate; carrying out seedling management on the sown big-fruit fig to obtain big-fruit fig seedling. The present invention overcomes the problem of being difficult to handle caused by the small and large number of big-fruit fig seeds by sowing the pectin-seed-sand mixture formed by mixing the pectin, seeds and sand in the big-fruit fig fruit, improves the germination rate of seeds, shortens the emergence time, and greatly improves the breeding speed of big-fruit fig. At the same time, the environmental conditions of the method of the present invention are relatively extensive, simple to operate, easy to promote and apply in a large number of farmers, accelerates the formation of planting scale, and promotes the development of industry. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention provides a Ficus microcarpa pectin-seed-sand mixture, comprising pectin in Ficus microcarpa fruits, Ficus microcarpa seeds and sand. In the present invention, the pectin and seeds in the Ficus microcarpa fruits are preferably taken out and mixed with sand to obtain a pectin-seed-sand mixture. In the present invention, the pectin and seeds in the Ficus microcarpa fruits are preferably taken out after opening the Ficus microcarpa fruits; the opening method is not particularly limited, and the conventional method in the art can be used. The weight ratio of the number of Ficus microcarpa fruits to the sand in the present invention is preferably 1:1-2kg, more preferably 1:1kg. In the mixing process of the present invention, the pectin, seeds and sand are preferably fully stirred and mixed until there is no pectin in a lump. The sand in the present invention preferably includes river sand. The Ficus microcarpa fruits in the present invention are preferably ripe or naturally fallen fruits.

[0022] The method for processing the seeds of the Ficus microcarpa according to the present invention overcomes the problem that the fruit and the seeds cannot be separated because the seeds of the Ficus microcarpa are small and numerous and contain pectin to wrap the seeds, thereby making the seed collection and sowing easier.

[0023] The present invention provides a method for raising seedlings of Ficus microcarpa seeds, comprising the following steps:

[0024] Sowing the Ficus microcarpa pectin-seed-sand mixture described in the above technical solution into a seedling bed containing a seedling medium;

[0025] The large-fruited fig is managed as a seedling after sowing to obtain large-fruited fig seedlings.

[0026] The present invention preferably builds a greenhouse or arch shed with light transmission and rainproof functions. The present invention has no special restrictions on the construction method or materials of the greenhouse or arch shed, and the conventional greenhouse or arch shed construction method or materials in the art can be used.

[0027] After building the greenhouse or arch shed, the present invention preferably constructs a seedling bed in the greenhouse or arch shed, preferably a seedling sand bed; the width of the seedling bed is preferably 0.5-2m, more preferably 1m; the depth is preferably 10-30cm, more preferably 20cm.

[0028] After the nursery bed is constructed, the present invention preferably loads a nursery matrix into the nursery bed to obtain a nursery bed containing a nursery matrix. The nursery matrix of the present invention preferably includes river sand, peat soil and red soil, and the river sand, peat soil and red soil are preferably mixed in equal volumes. The height of the nursery matrix of the present invention is preferably 1 / 3-1 of the height of the nursery bed, and more preferably 2 / 3.

[0029] After obtaining the seedling bed containing the seedling matrix, the present invention preferably irrigates the seedling bed containing the seedling matrix with water, and then irrigates the seedling bed again with a fungicide aqueous solution to achieve the effect of sterilization and disinfection, thereby obtaining a pretreated seedling bed. The fungicide solution of the present invention preferably includes a carbendazim solution; the volume ratio of the fungicide to water in the fungicide solution is preferably 1:500-1000, more preferably 1:600.

[0030] After obtaining the pectin-seed-sand mixture and the pretreated nursery bed, the present invention preferably sows the Ficus microcarpa pectin-seed-sand mixture into the pretreated nursery bed 1-3 days after the nursery bed is irrigated with a fungicide aqueous solution. The ratio of the number of Ficus microcarpa fruits to the area of ​​the nursery bed is preferably 1:1-2m 2 , preferably 1: 2m 2 . The sowing method described in the present invention is preferably broadcasting. After broadcasting the pectin-seed-sand mixture onto a seedling bed containing a seedling matrix, the seedling bed is preferably covered with a 2-3 cm thick seedling matrix, and more preferably a 2 cm thick seedling matrix; the seedling matrix cannot be an easily floating seedling matrix to prevent the matrix from floating and moving the seeds during subsequent watering, causing the seeds to be highly concentrated in one place, resulting in poor growth of seedlings and a reduced emergence rate; the seedling matrix is ​​preferably sand.

[0031] After covering the seedling substrate, the present invention preferably waters the seedling bed after sowing the big-fruited fig seeds, and then waters the seedling bed after sowing the big-fruited fig seeds again with a fungicide aqueous solution. The fungicide solution of the present invention preferably includes a carbendazim solution; the mass ratio of the fungicide to water in the fungicide solution is preferably 1:500-1000, more preferably 1:600.

[0032] After the nursery bed is watered thoroughly again, the present invention preferably waters once every 2-3 days to keep the substrate moist until the seedlings emerge, and more preferably waters once every 2 days; the amount of watering each time is preferably enough to keep the substrate 40%-50% wet. The present invention preferably uses a sprinkler for the watering to avoid the seeds being flushed out when water is directly poured. The present invention preferably has seedlings emerge 20-30 days after sowing; when the large-fruited fig seedlings grow to 5-10 cm in height, they can be transplanted and bagged, and more preferably grow to 10 cm in height.

[0033] The present invention innovatively sows a pectin-seed-sand mixture formed by mixing pectin, seeds and sand in the fruit of the big-fruited fig instead of a single big-fruited fig seed, thereby overcoming the problem of being difficult to handle due to the small size and large number of big-fruited fig seeds, improving the germination rate of seeds, shortening the emergence time, and greatly improving the breeding speed of the big-fruited fig. The number of seedlings germinated from one fruit reaches more than 360 plants, and the breeding multiple can reach more than 100 times. At the same time, the environmental conditions required by the method of the present invention are relatively extensive, the operation is simple, and a standardized method for breeding seedlings of big-fruited fig seeds is formed, which is easy to promote and apply among farmers, accelerates the formation of planting scale, and promotes the development of the industry.

[0034] Based on the above advantages, the present invention also provides the application of the method described in the above technical solution in the planting of Ficus microcarpa. The method described in the present invention provides seedlings for the planting of Ficus microcarpa, accelerates the formation of the planting scale, and promotes the development of the industry.

[0035] In order to further illustrate the present invention, the technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] A method for raising seedlings of Ficus microcarpa seeds, comprising the following steps:

[0038] 1) Build a light-transmitting, rain-proof greenhouse, and build a 1m wide and 20cm deep seedling sand bed in the greenhouse;

[0039] 2) Prepare a mixed seedling medium with equal volume ratios of river sand, peat soil and red soil, and fill it into the seedling bed, with the filling height accounting for about 2 / 3 of the seedling sand bed;

[0040] 3) Water the seedling medium thoroughly in advance, and prepare a sterilization solution with a volume ratio of water to carbendazim of 600:1, and water the seedling medium thoroughly again to sterilize and disinfect;

[0041] 4) Prepare a medium-sized ordinary spoon and a basin filled with dry river sand, about 1 kg of river sand;

[0042] 5) Collect ripe fruits with red peel and no pests or diseases;

[0043] 6) Cut the fruit in half, use a spoon to scoop out the pectin and seeds, and put them into the river sand in step 4);

[0044] 7) Set up 3 replicates, with 1 fruit in each replicate, and 1-2 kg of sand mixed with 1 fruit;

[0045] 8) Mix the pectin, seeds and sand evenly and stir until there is no pectin in a lump;

[0046] 9) Spread the mixture of pectin, seeds and sand evenly in the nursery bed. The spreading area of ​​one fruit is about 2m 2 , and cover with about 2-3cm thick sand;

[0047] 10) Pour water thoroughly, and then pour the sterilization solution in step 3) thoroughly again;

[0048] 11) After sowing, water the seeds with a sprinkler every two days to keep the humidity of the seedling medium at 40%-50% until the seedlings emerge;

[0049] 12) Observe the emergence of seedlings every day, and record the emergence time when the buds break through the soil. Record the germination time and number of germinations for each group separately, and calculate the average number of germinations.

[0050] Test results:

[0051] The test results showed that among the three groups of repetitions, the number of germinations in the first repetition was 415, the number of germinations in the second repetition was 381, and the number of germinations in the third repetition was 284, with an average number of germinations of 360. That is, one fruit can breed more than 360 seedlings.

[0052] It can be concluded from the above embodiments that the method of the present invention provides a breeding method for Ficus microcarpa seedlings, increases the supply of seedlings, and accelerates the formation of a large-fruited Ficus microcarpa planting scale.

[0053] Although the above embodiment describes the present invention in detail, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creativity, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mixture of Ficus microcarpa pectin-seed-sand, characterized in that: Including pectin in fig fruits, fig seeds and sand.

2. The Ficus microcarpa pectin-seed-sand mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Ficus microcarpa pectin-seed-sand mixture is obtained by mixing the pectin and seeds in Ficus microcarpa fruits with sand. The weight ratio of the number of Ficus microcarpa fruits to the sand is 1:1-2kg.

3. A method for raising seedlings of Ficus microcarpa, characterized in that: The steps include: Sowing the Ficus microcarpa pectin-seed-sand mixture according to claim 1 or 2 into a seedling medium; The large-fruited fig is managed as a seedling after sowing to obtain large-fruited fig seedlings.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The seedling matrix comprises a seedling matrix placed in a seedling bed, and the ratio of the number of the large-fruited fig fruits to the area of ​​the seedling bed is 1:1-2m 2 .

5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The seedling raising matrix comprises river sand, peat soil and red soil, and the volume ratio of the river sand, peat soil and red soil is 1:1:

1.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that Before sowing, the nursery bed is pretreated, and the pretreatment includes: watering the nursery bed thoroughly with water, and then watering the nursery bed thoroughly again with a fungicide aqueous solution; The bactericide aqueous solution includes a carbendazim aqueous solution, and the mass ratio of carbendazim to water in the carbendazim aqueous solution is 1:500-1000.

7. The method according to claim 3 or 6, characterized in that: The sowing method is broadcasting.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that After the pectin-seed-sand mixture is spread on the seedling bed containing the seedling medium, it is covered with a 2-3 cm thick seedling medium.

9. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The seedling management comprises: watering the seedling substrate after sowing the big-fruited fig seeds, and then watering the seedling bed after sowing the big-fruited fig seeds again with a fungicide aqueous solution; and then watering once every 2-3 days until the seedlings emerge.

10. Use of the Ficus microcarpa pectin-seed-sand mixture according to claim 1 or 2 or the method according to any one of claims 3 to 9 in planting Ficus microcarpa.