A high-yield planting method for tomatoes in saline-alkali land

Abstract

The present invention provides a high-yield tomato planting method in saline-alkali land, and relates to the technical field of tomato planting in saline-alkali land. The high-yield tomato planting method in saline-alkali land mainly comprises the steps of setting inactivated fermentation liquid of Fusarium oxysporum, fermentation suspension of Bacillus pumilus, and fermentation suspension of Trichoderma harzianum as bacterial agents, preparing nutrient solution, using nutrient solution for auxiliary seedling cultivation, using Bacillus pumilus fermentation suspension to soak the tomato surface, using bacterial agent dilution and fixed value when cultivating tomatoes in saline-alkali land, and the like. The present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art, and promotes the survival of tomato seedlings planted on saline-alkali land and the subsequent high yield of tomatoes through the use of bacterial agents and nutrient solutions, and comprehensively improves the economic benefits of tomato planting in saline-alkali land.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tomato planting in saline-alkali land, and in particular to a high-yield tomato planting method in saline-alkali land. Background Art

[0002] Saline is a type of salt accumulation, which refers to land where the salt contained in the soil affects the normal growth of crops. The large amount of salt ions contained in saline-alkali soil will hinder the normal growth of plants and the absorption of nutrients and water through salt stress and ion poisoning, thereby causing plant growth failure and low yield.

[0003] Most of the existing methods of planting in saline-alkali land are to use fresh water to directly irrigate and rinse the saline-alkali soil, use fresh water to rinse the soil salt ions, reduce the salt content of the soil in the plant root zone, and achieve the purpose of normal planting of crops. However, this technology consumes a lot of water resources and is costly in many areas, so it cannot be promoted for use. In addition, microbial preparations, soil conditioners, etc. are also used at this stage to improve the soil conditions of saline-alkali land, or to cultivate salt-alkali-tolerant crops, but the overall effect is minimal and cannot achieve the purpose of large-scale planting.

[0004] Tomato is one of the main vegetable varieties cultivated in facilities in my country. At present, there have been experiments on cultivating tomatoes in saline-alkali land. The reduction of water in the fruit after cultivation of tomatoes in saline-alkali land can effectively increase the soluble sugar and vitamin C content of tomato fruit, and comprehensively improve the quality and flavor of tomatoes. However, under saline-alkali stress, the growth, development and metabolism of tomatoes are affected, and the yield of tomatoes planted in conventional saline-alkali land is greatly reduced. Therefore, on this basis, controlling the high yield of tomatoes planted in saline-alkali land is a major research direction of saline-alkali land crop cultivation at this stage. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a high-yield tomato planting method in saline-alkali land. By using bacterial agents and nutrient solution, the survival of tomato seedlings planted in saline-alkali land and the subsequent high yield of tomatoes are promoted, thereby comprehensively improving the economic benefits of tomato planting in saline-alkali land.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A high-yield tomato planting method in saline-alkali soil, the planting method comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1. Preparation of bacterial agent: Preparation of inactivated fermentation liquid of Fusarium oxysporum with a viable count of 10 9 -10 10 Bacillus pumilus fermentation suspension, viable bacteria count is 10 6 -10 7 pcs / mL Trichoderma harzianum fermentation suspension;

[0009] S2, preparation of nutrient solution: folic acid 100-120 mg / L, tea polyphenols 10-20 mg / L, methyl jasmonate 2-6 mg / L, Trichoderma harzianum fermentation suspension 100-200 mL / L, and the rest is water;

[0010] S3, tomato seedling raising: after the substrate is thoroughly irrigated with the above nutrient solution, the germinated tomato seeds are sown, and the moisture content of the substrate is ensured to be 50%-70% during the entire seedling raising period;

[0011] S4, pretreatment of tomato transplanting: take the tomato seedlings that have grown two true leaves after the above seedling raising, continue to irrigate the substrate with the seedling raising nutrient solution once before transplanting, and then soak the roots of the tomato seedlings in a suspension of Bacillus pumilus fermentation before transplanting to obtain pretreated tomato seedlings;

[0012] S5, transplanting tomato seedlings: applying base fertilizer to the saline-alkali land, then digging furrows and making ridges, applying drip irrigation pipes to make soil moisture 1 week before transplanting, and then transplanting the tomato seedlings pretreated in the above step S4 to the saline-alkali land, using a mixture of Trichoderma harzianum fermentation suspension and Fusarium oxysporum inactivated fermentation liquid in a mass ratio and diluting 80-120 times with water as planting water for watering;

[0013] S6. Tomato planting management: After the tomatoes are planted, cover them with shade nets and control the shading rate at 30%-50%. At the beginning of the flowering period, use a mixture of Trichoderma harzianum fermentation suspension and Fusarium oxysporum inactivated fermentation liquid in a mass ratio, then dilute them 80-100 times with water as a supplement for one irrigation. During the entire planting period, drip irrigation is used to ensure soil moisture and timely fertilization.

[0014] Preferably, the method for preparing the inactivated fermentation broth of Fusarium oxysporum in step S1 comprises the following steps:

[0015] S1-1-1, inoculating Fusarium oxysporum into PDA medium and culturing at 32±2°C for 2-4 days to obtain activated Fusarium oxysporum for use;

[0016] S1-1-2. Inoculate the activated Fusarium oxysporum into the Fusarium oxysporum proliferation liquid culture medium and culture in a shaking incubator at 32±2℃ until the number of viable bacteria reaches 10 10 -10 11 / mL, and obtain a bacterial solution for use; wherein the formula of the liquid culture medium for the proliferation of Fusarium oxysporum is: 200mL of potato juice, 20g of glucose, and distilled water to make up to 1L;

[0017] S1-1-3. Sterilize the above bacterial solution at 121°C for 15 minutes to obtain inactivated fermentation solution of Fusarium oxysporum.

[0018] Preferably, the method for preparing the Bacillus pumilus fermentation suspension in step S1 comprises the following steps:

[0019] S1-2-1. Inoculate Bacillus pumilus into PDA medium and activate and culture at 36±2°C for 20-24h to obtain activated Bacillus pumilus for later use;

[0020] S1-2-2. Inoculate the activated Bacillus pumilus into the Bacillus pumilus liquid culture medium and culture it in a shaking incubator at 36±2℃ until the number of viable bacteria reaches 10 9 -10 10 / mL, and the formula of the Bacillus pumilus liquid culture medium is: 150mL of corn juice, 10g of yeast powder, 20g of glucose, and distilled water to make up 1L.

[0021] Preferably, the method for preparing the Trichoderma harzianum fermentation suspension in step S1 comprises the following steps:

[0022] S1-3-1, inoculating Trichoderma harzianum into PDA medium, and culturing at 24±2°C until spores are produced;

[0023] S1-3-2, rinse the PDA medium with sterile water, collect the spores of Trichoderma harzianum, and then filter the filtrate with gauze to obtain the filtrate, and adjust the number of viable bacteria of Trichoderma harzianum in the filtrate to 10 6 -10 7 / mL, and obtained the fermentation suspension of Trichoderma harzianum.

[0024] Preferably, in step S4, the roots of the tomato seedlings are immersed in the Bacillus pumilus fermentation suspension for 5-10 minutes.

[0025] Preferably, the base fertilizer applied in step S5 is decomposed manure, and the application amount is 2000-2200 kg / mu.

[0026] Preferably, the furrows and ridges dug in step S5 have a height of 15-20 cm, a width of 90-100 cm, a furrow width of 60-70 cm, and tomato seedlings are transplanted and planted with 2 rows per ridge and a plant spacing of 40±5 cm.

[0027] Preferably, in step S6, if tomato seedlings die during the tomato seedling acclimatization period, they are promptly removed and replanted.

[0028] Preferably, the period and amount of fertilization in step S6 are as follows: the first fertilization starts from the tomato fruiting period, applying 100-110 kg / mu of urea; the second fertilization starts from the growth of the second bunch of fruits, applying 75-90 kg / mu of urea and 40-80 kg / mu of potassium sulfate.

[0029] The present invention provides a high-yield tomato planting method in saline-alkali land, which has the following advantages over the prior art:

[0030] (1) The present invention uses a fermentation suspension of Trichoderma harzianum and other ingredients to prepare a nutrient solution for watering during the tomato seedling raising stage, which effectively promotes the growth of tomato seedlings. The fermentation suspension of Bacillus brevis is used to soak the roots of tomato seedlings, which can effectively promote the survival rate of tomato seedlings that are subsequently transplanted in saline-alkali land, further promote the growth of tomatoes in saline-alkali land, improve the adaptability of tomatoes to saline-alkali land, and ensure their subsequent yield.

[0031] (2) The present invention uses a fermentation suspension of Trichoderma harzianum and a diluted inactivated fermentation liquid of Fusarium oxysporum as planting water for watering tomato seedlings, which can effectively ensure the survival rate of tomato seedlings in saline-alkali land, shorten the seedling acclimatization period, promote the growth of tomato seedlings, and at the same time achieve a certain purpose of regulating the soil, reducing the stress of the soil on tomato seedlings, and increasing the subsequent yield of tomatoes. It also further ensures the quality of tomatoes and comprehensively improves the economic benefits of tomato planting in saline-alkali land. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the growth of tomatoes in planting area 1 (left) and planting area 8 (right) after 90 days in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the growth of tomatoes in planting area 3 after 90 days of planting in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the growth of tomatoes in planting area 4 after 90 days of planting in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the growth of tomatoes in planting area 5 after 90 days of planting in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the growth of tomatoes in planting area 7 after 90 days of planting in Example 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention is clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] The Bacillus pumilus used below is Bacillus pumilus T5-1, purchased from the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, with a deposit number of CGMCC No. 23942; Fusarium oxysporum was purchased from Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, with a deposit number of CGMCC No. 19031; and Trichoderma harzianum was purchased from the Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, with a deposit number of CGMCC No. 16794.

[0039] The following culture media were used:

[0040] PDA medium: 200 g potato, 20 g glucose, 18 g agar, add distilled water to 1000 mL, sterilize at 115°C for 20 min;

[0041] Liquid culture medium for proliferation of Fusarium oxysporum: 200 mL of potato juice, 20 g of glucose, add distilled water to 1000 mL, sterilize at 115°C for 20 min;

[0042] Bacillus pumilus liquid culture medium: 150 mL of corn juice, 10 g of yeast powder, 20 g of glucose, add distilled water to 1000 mL, and sterilize at 115°C for 20 min. Embodiment 1:

[0043] 1. Preparation of microbial agent:

[0044] 1.1. Preparation of inactivated fermentation broth of Fusarium oxysporum:

[0045] (1) Inoculate Fusarium oxysporum into PDA medium and activate and culture at 32±2°C for 3 days to obtain activated Fusarium oxysporum for use;

[0046] (2) Inoculate the activated Fusarium oxysporum into the Fusarium oxysporum proliferation liquid culture medium and culture in a shaking incubator at 32±2℃ until the number of viable bacteria reaches 10 10 -10 11 / mL, and the bacterial solution is ready for use;

[0047] (3) The bacterial solution was sterilized at 121°C for 15 min to obtain an inactivated fermentation liquid of Fusarium oxysporum.

[0048] 1.2. Preparation of Bacillus pumilus fermentation suspension:

[0049] (1) Inoculate Bacillus pumilus into PDA medium and activate and culture at 36±2℃ for 24h to obtain activated Bacillus pumilus for use;

[0050] (2) Inoculate the activated Bacillus pumilus into the Bacillus pumilus liquid culture medium and culture it in a shaking incubator at 36±2℃ until the number of viable bacteria reaches 10 9 -10 10 pcs / mL, for Bacillus pumilus fermentation suspension;

[0051] 1.3. Preparation of Trichoderma harzianum fermentation suspension:

[0052] (1) Inoculate Trichoderma harzianum into PDA medium and culture at 24±2℃ until spores are produced;

[0053] (2) Rinse the PDA culture medium with sterile water to collect the spores of Trichoderma harzianum, and then filter the filtrate with gauze to obtain the filtrate. Adjust the number of viable Trichoderma harzianum in the filtrate to 10 6 -10 7 / mL, and obtained the fermentation suspension of Trichoderma harzianum.

[0054] 2. Preparation of nutrient solution:

[0055] Refer to Table 1 below to set different nutrient solutions (the remainder is water):

[0056] Table 1

[0057]

[0058] 3. Preparation of planting water:

[0059] Planting water 1:

[0060] The fermentation suspension of Trichoderma harzianum and the inactivated fermentation liquid of Fusarium oxysporum were mixed and diluted 40 times with water;

[0061] Planting water 2:

[0062] The fermentation suspension of Trichoderma harzianum and the inactivated fermentation liquid of Fusarium oxysporum were mixed in equal mass ratios and diluted 60 times with water.

[0063] 4. Preparation of supplement solution:

[0064] Supplement 1:

[0065] The fermentation suspension of Trichoderma harzianum and the inactivated fermentation liquid of Fusarium oxysporum were mixed and diluted 80 times with water;

[0066] Supplement 2:

[0067] The fermentation suspension of Trichoderma harzianum and the inactivated fermentation liquid of Fusarium oxysporum were mixed in equal mass ratios and diluted 100 times with water. Embodiment 2:

[0068] 1. Tomato seedling cultivation:

[0069] Select tomato seeds of the variety "Century Jiali", soak them in warm water at about 50℃ for two hours, then disinfect them with 2% hydrogen peroxide, rinse them repeatedly with sterile water, place the seeds in a germination box, and germinate them at a constant temperature and humidity of 28℃ until the seeds turn white and germinate, then raise them for seedlings;

[0070] Before raising seedlings, fill the seedling tray with a seedling medium mixed with peat, coconut shell and grass ash in a mass ratio of 2:1:3, then water it thoroughly with nutrient solution, and then sow the germinated seeds in the seedling tray. Control the humidity of the seedling tray at 50%-70% and the temperature at 17-24°C during the seedling raising period. The tomato seedlings that grow two true leaves are transplantable seedlings, and nutrient solution is poured into the medium once one day before transplanting. Remove the tomato seedlings from the seedling tray on the day of transplanting, simply sweep away the excess matrix at the roots, and soak the roots of the tomato seedlings in the soaking solution for 8 minutes. Then take out the treated tomato seedlings for transplanting.

[0071] 2. Tomato transplanting:

[0072] The sea ice saline-alkali land was selected as the planting site, and the unified planting site was divided into 8 planting areas. The soil conditions of the saline-alkali land were tested as shown in Table 2 below:

[0073] Table 2

[0074]

[0075] Use organic fertilizer made from cow dung and chicken dung as base fertilizer at 2100kg / hectare, then dig furrows and make ridges in the planting area, set the ridge height to 15-20cm, the ridge width to 90-100cm, and the furrow width to 60-70cm, and use drip irrigation pipes to drip water to make soil moisture one week before transplanting, and then transplant the tomato seedlings treated above, with 2 rows per ridge and a plant spacing of 40±5 cm (transplanted on March 15, 2023), and directly irrigate with planting water after transplanting;

[0076] After transplanting tomatoes, cover them with a shade net with a shading rate of 30%. Water once with supplementary liquid during the initial flowering period. In addition, drip irrigation is used to ensure soil moistness during the entire planting period. The first fertilization begins during the tomato fruiting period, with 100kg / mu of urea applied; the second fertilization begins from the growth of the second bunch of fruits, with 80kg / mu of urea and 60kg / mu of potassium sulfate applied. The rest of the management can be carried out according to routine practices.

[0077] Table 3 below shows the selection of nutrient solution and soaking solution for tomato seedlings planted in different planting areas and the selection of planting water and supplementary solution after planting:

[0078] Table 3

[0079]

[0080] 1. The survival rates of tomato seedlings planted in each planting area at 7d and 20d were tested. The specific results are shown in Table 4 below:

[0081] Table 4

[0082]

[0083] It can be seen from the above table that using nutrient solution 1 and nutrient solution 2 for seedling cultivation can effectively improve the survival rate of tomato seedlings planted in saline-alkali land.

[0084] 2. Tomato seedlings were replaced in time after death in each planting area, and 5 tomato seedlings were marked in each planting area after the seedling acclimatization period. The seedling height and stem thickness of the tomato seedlings were recorded 15 days, 45 days, and 75 days after the seedling acclimatization period (calculate the average value). The specific results are shown in Table 5 below:

[0085] Table 5

[0086]

[0087] It can be seen from the above table that tomatoes planted in planting areas 1 and 2 have the best growth.

[0088] 3. Measurement of tomato fruit quality:

[0089] From the beginning of the tomato fruiting and ripening period in each planting area, three tomato plants were selected from each planting area, and three ripe fruits were randomly selected from each tomato plant for testing of soluble solid content, soluble sugar content and organic acid content (the testing method refers to Wang Jingying. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Experimental Technology and Principles [M]. Harbin: Northeast Forestry University Press, 2003), and the average value was taken. The tomato yield of each planting area was collected and recorded, as shown in Table 6 below:

[0090] Table 6

[0091]

[0092] It can be seen from the above table that the tomatoes grown in planting area 1 and planting area 2 have higher quality and higher yield.

[0093] In addition, combined with Figure 1 It can be seen that in planting area 1 ( Figure 1 Left) At 90 days after planting, there were more tomatoes overall, and half of them began to mature, while in planting area 8 ( Figure 1 Right) At 90 days after planting, the fruit set was relatively small and almost not mature; Figure 2 Tomatoes in the middle planting area 3 had more fruits at 90 days of planting, but the overall maturity was low; Figure 3 In the medium planting area 4, the tomato fruiting was moderate at 90 days after planting, and a small part began to mature, but the overall fruit was small; Figure 4 In the middle planting area 5, the tomatoes were not fruiting well at 90 days after planting, but generally began to mature; Figure 5 The fruiting and maturity of tomatoes in the middle planting area 7 were not good at 90 days after planting; that is, the tomatoes planted in the planting area 1 had better fruiting conditions and could be harvested at an early maturity.

[0094] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-yield tomato planting method in saline-alkali soil, characterized in that: The planting method comprises the following steps: S1. Preparation of bacterial agent: Preparation of inactivated fermentation liquid of Fusarium oxysporum with a viable count of 10 9 -10 10 Bacillus pumilus fermentation suspension, viable bacteria count is 10 6 -10 7 pcs / mL Trichoderma harzianum fermentation suspension; The method for preparing the inactivated fermentation broth of Fusarium oxysporum comprises the following steps: S1-1-1, inoculating Fusarium oxysporum into PDA medium and culturing at 32±2°C for 2-4 days to obtain activated Fusarium oxysporum for use; S1-1-2. Inoculate the activated Fusarium oxysporum into the Fusarium oxysporum proliferation liquid culture medium and culture in a shaking incubator at 32±2℃ until the number of viable bacteria reaches 10 10 -10 11 / mL, and obtain a bacterial solution for use; wherein the formula of the liquid culture medium for the proliferation of Fusarium oxysporum is: 200mL of potato juice, 20g of glucose, and distilled water to make up to 1L; S1-1-3, sterilizing the above bacterial solution at 121°C for 15 minutes to obtain an inactivated fermentation liquid of Fusarium oxysporum; The preparation method of the Bacillus pumilus fermentation suspension comprises the following steps: S1-2-1. Inoculate Bacillus pumilus into PDA medium and activate and culture at 36±2°C for 20-24h to obtain activated Bacillus pumilus for later use; S1-2-2. Inoculate the activated Bacillus pumilus into the Bacillus pumilus liquid culture medium and culture it in a shaking incubator at 36±2℃ until the number of viable bacteria reaches 10 9 -10 10 / mL, and the formula of the Bacillus pumilus liquid culture medium is: 150mL corn juice, 10g yeast powder, 20g glucose, and distilled water to make up 1L; The preparation method of the Trichoderma harzianum fermentation suspension comprises the following steps: S1-3-1, inoculating Trichoderma harzianum into PDA medium, and culturing at 24±2°C until spores are produced; S1-3-2, rinse the PDA medium with sterile water, collect the spores of Trichoderma harzianum, and then filter the filtrate with gauze to obtain the filtrate, and adjust the number of viable bacteria of Trichoderma harzianum in the filtrate to 10 6 -10 7 / mL, and obtained the Trichoderma harzianum fermentation suspension; S2, preparation of nutrient solution: folic acid 100-120 mg / L, tea polyphenols 10-20 mg / L, methyl jasmonate 2-6 mg / L, Trichoderma harzianum fermentation suspension 100-200 mL / L, and the rest is water; S3, tomato seedling raising: after the substrate is irrigated with the above nutrient solution, the germinated tomato seeds are sown, and the moisture content of the substrate is ensured to be 50%-70% during the entire seedling raising period; S4, pretreatment of tomato transplanting: take the tomato seedlings that have grown two true leaves after the above seedling raising, continue to irrigate the substrate with the seedling raising nutrient solution once before transplanting, and then soak the roots of the tomato seedlings in a suspension of Bacillus pumilus fermentation before transplanting to obtain pretreated tomato seedlings; S5, transplanting tomato seedlings: applying base fertilizer to the saline-alkali land, then digging furrows and making ridges, applying drip irrigation pipes to make soil moisture 1 week before transplanting, and then transplanting the tomato seedlings pretreated in the above step S4 to the saline-alkali land, using a mixture of Trichoderma harzianum fermentation suspension and Fusarium oxysporum inactivated fermentation liquid in a mass ratio and diluting 80-120 times with water as planting water for watering; S6. Tomato planting management: After the tomatoes are planted, cover them with shade nets and control the shading rate at 30%-50%. At the beginning of the flowering period, use a mixture of Trichoderma harzianum fermentation suspension and Fusarium oxysporum inactivated fermentation liquid in a mass ratio, then dilute them 80-100 times with water as a supplement for one irrigation. During the entire planting period, drip irrigation is used to ensure soil moisture and timely fertilization.

2. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the roots of the tomato seedlings are immersed in the Bacillus pumilus fermentation suspension for 5-10 minutes.

3. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base fertilizer applied in step S5 is decomposed manure, and the application amount is 2000-2200 kg / mu.

4. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S5, the furrows and ridges are 15-20 cm high, 90-100 cm wide, and 60-70 cm wide, and the tomato seedlings are transplanted and planted in 2 rows per ridge with a spacing of 40±5 cm.

5. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, if the tomato seedlings die during the tomato seedling acclimatization period, they are promptly removed and replanted.

6. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The period and amount of fertilizer supplementation in step S6 are as follows: the first fertilizer supplementation starts from the tomato fruiting period, applying 100-110 kg / mu of urea; the second fertilizer supplementation starts from the growth of the second bunch of fruits, applying 75-90 kg / mu of urea and 40-80 kg / mu of potassium sulfate.

Images