A mechanized planting, management and harvesting method for improving yield of ratoons by combining agricultural machinery and agronomy
By integrating wide-narrow row rice transplanters, wide-cutting-platform narrow-track combine harvesters, and high-clearance plant protection machines, the problem of crushing during the planting, management, and harvesting of ratooning rice has been solved, thereby increasing the yield and efficiency of mechanized management of ratooning rice, reducing costs, and ensuring food security.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- JIANGSU UNIV
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-23
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-09
AI Technical Summary
Traditional methods for planting, managing, and harvesting ratooning rice result in high crushing rates, which damage rice buds, reduce germination rates, and decrease yields. Furthermore, mechanized management is difficult and costly, and existing technological solutions have not been able to effectively address these issues.
By employing a combination of wide-narrow row rice transplanters, wide-cutting-platform narrow-track combine harvesters, real-time fertility monitoring, and high-clearance plant protection machines, the agricultural machinery and agronomy integration method ensures the germination rate and yield of dormant rice shoots through wide-narrow row planting, precision sowing, real-time fertilization, mechanical weeding, and non-compacting harvesting.
It reduced the crushing rate of ratooning rice, increased the germination rate of dormant rice shoots and the yield of the ratooning season, achieved stable and high yields of ratooning rice, reduced planting costs, and ensured food security.
Smart Images
Figure CN119157032B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of ratooning rice planting and management, and in particular to a mechanized planting, management and harvesting method that integrates agricultural machinery and agronomy to improve the yield of ratooning rice. Background Technology
[0002] Ratoon rice is a high-yield rice variety that is planted once and harvested twice. It was developed through the selection and improvement of traditional rice varieties. Ratoon rice has been well received by rice growers and consumers due to its advantages such as good rice quality and high unit price. It has been widely planted in rice-growing areas.
[0003] However, during the planting, management, and harvesting of ratooning rice, the first-season rice harvest causes trampling of the rice stubble, and simply optimizing and improving agricultural machinery cannot completely prevent this trampling. Previously, ratooning rice was mostly planted, managed, and harvested using traditional rice planting methods, which are insufficient to meet the demands for precise, low-loss, and high-yield production. Rice row spacing is generally 200mm-300mm, while the track width of a combine harvester is approximately 550mm. Therefore, during ratooning rice harvesting, each track tramples at least 2-3 rows of rice, resulting in a trampling rate as high as 50%. The trampled rice buds are severely damaged, leading to reduced germination and ultimately reduced ratooning rice yield. Simultaneously, the small row spacing makes mechanized field management with plant protection and weeding machines difficult to achieve, increasing planting costs, reducing yields, and lowering farmer profits.
[0004] Patent CN110679415B proposes a "cost-saving and high-quality cultivation method for machine-harvested ratooning rice that avoids mechanical crushing." In this patent, the planting method involves leaving 60cm wide rows, reducing planting density by 33.3%. However, the first-season yield is lower than with conventional planting methods, resulting in a lower total yield. Therefore, the solution described in this patent has limited practical value for increasing rice yield and promoting a bumper harvest. Summary of the Invention
[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a mechanized planting, management, and harvesting method that integrates agricultural machinery and agronomy to improve the yield of ratooning rice. This method combines agricultural machinery and agronomy with various stages of ratooning rice production, including variety selection, seed treatment, sowing and seedling raising, seedling transplanting, first-season rice field management, first-season rice harvesting, ratooning season rice field management, and ratooning season rice harvesting. While ensuring the yield of the first-season rice, it completely solves the problem of compaction during the first-season rice harvesting process, thereby increasing the yield of ratooning rice and ensuring food security.
[0006] The present invention achieves the above-mentioned technical objectives through the following technical means.
[0007] A mechanized planting, management, and harvesting method that integrates agricultural machinery and agronomy to improve the yield of ratooning rice includes the following steps:
[0008] Seed pretreatment;
[0009] Sowing and seedling raising;
[0010] Use a wide-narrow row rice transplanter to perform alternating wide and narrow row rice transplanting;
[0011] During the rice growing season, fertilization is carried out using a variable fertilization method based on real-time fertility monitoring to ensure soil fertility; physical weeding is carried out using inter-row weeding machines and pest and disease control is carried out using high-clearance plant protection machines to ensure the yield of ratooning rice.
[0012] When harvesting the first crop of rice, a combined harvester with a wide cutting platform and narrow tracks is used for harvesting. The tracks of the combined harvester are located between the rows, allowing for straight harvesting of the first crop of rice without crushing, thus avoiding damage to dormant buds and ensuring the germination of dormant buds in the second crop, thereby increasing the yield of the second crop of rice.
[0013] During the harvesting of ratooning rice, a ratooning rice combine harvester with a wide header and narrow tracks is used for harvesting; the tracks of the ratooning rice combine harvester with a wide header and narrow tracks are located between the rows, allowing for straight-line harvesting of ratooning rice without crushing.
[0014] The working wheel track of the wide-narrow row rice transplanter, the working wheel track of the high ground clearance plant protection machine, the working wheel track of the inter-row weeding machine, and the track track of the wide-cutting-platform narrow-track ratooning rice combine harvester are the same. They are used to reduce the crushing rate of ratooning rice during the period from transplanting to harvesting, while increasing the germination rate of dormant buds of ratooning rice.
[0015] Furthermore, the seed pretreatment specifically includes the following steps:
[0016] Empty grains and impurities are removed from the seeds through screening;
[0017] The awns on rice seeds are removed using a deawning machine;
[0018] Wrap the seeds in a damp cloth and soak them in clean water for 24–48 hours;
[0019] When the seeds show white sprouts and the sprouts are longer than 0.5 mm, treat the sprouts with an insecticide.
[0020] Furthermore, the sowing and seedling raising specifically includes the following steps:
[0021] In the field, a whole-pan air suction seed metering device is used for hole sowing, with a sowing accuracy of 2-4 seeds / hole, a void rate of ≤1%, and a seed damage rate of ≤0.5%.
[0022] After sowing, move the seedling trays to the darkening room, maintain the temperature in the darkening room at 32-35℃, and maintain the humidity in the darkening room at 45%-60%;
[0023] When the seedlings reach a length of 0.8–1 cm, transport them to the seedbed. Transplant them when they are 30–35 days old and have 3.1–3.5 leaves per plant.
[0024] Furthermore, the working wheel track of the wide-narrow row rice transplanter, the working wheel track of the high ground clearance plant protection machine, and the working wheel track of the inter-row weeding machine are d1 = x1 + y; the track gauge of the wide-cutting-platform narrow-track ratooning rice combine harvester is d1' = x1 + y; the cutting width of the wide-cutting-platform narrow-track ratooning rice combine harvester is d2 = x1 + 2y + x2; where x1 is the width of the narrow row planting ridge; x2 is the width of the wide row planting ridge; and y is the ridge distance.
[0025] Furthermore, a wide-narrow row rice transplanter is used for alternating wide and narrow row rice transplanting. The row spacing of rice plants in the narrow rows is 150mm-250mm, the row spacing of rice plants in the wide rows is 200mm-400mm, and the ridge distance between the wide and narrow rows is 450mm-600mm. The plant spacing of rice plants is 100mm-180mm. The working wheel gauge of the wide-narrow row rice transplanter is 1050mm-1800mm.
[0026] Furthermore, the planting density for alternating wide and narrow row planting is 10,000 to 27,000 holes per mu.
[0027] Furthermore, the high ground clearance plant protection machine has a working wheel track of 1050mm-1800mm and a ground clearance of 700mm-1200mm, and is used for plant protection operations on rice plants with a height of 0-1200mm.
[0028] Furthermore, inter-row tillers and weeders are used to cultivate and weed the areas between wide-row plantings and the intervals between wide and narrow rows. The single-row operating width of the inter-row tiller and weeder is 300mm to 600mm, with 2 to 5 rows operated. The operating width of the inter-row tiller and weeder is 1500mm to 2400mm. The wheel spacing of the inter-row tiller and weeder is 1050mm to 1800mm, and the tillage depth is ≥31mm.
[0029] Furthermore, the track width of the wide-heading-narrow-track ratooning rice combine harvester is 280mm to 350mm, and the track gauge is 1050mm to 1800mm; the working cutting width of the wide-heading-narrow-track ratooning rice combine harvester is 1950mm to 3150mm.
[0030] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:
[0031] 1. The mechanized planting, management, and harvesting method for improving the yield of ratooning rice, which integrates agricultural machinery and agronomy, as described in this invention, achieves this by using the same wheel track for wide-narrow row rice transplanters, high-clearance plant protection machines, inter-row weeding machines, and a combined harvester with a wide header and narrow tracks. This reduces the crushing rate of ratooning rice during the transplanting to harvesting period while increasing the germination rate of dormant buds. This invention establishes a cultivation technology that integrates agricultural machinery and agronomy to improve the yield of ratooning rice, forming a standardized and mechanized technical system and procedures for the entire process of planting, management, and harvesting of ratooning rice, providing technical support for achieving stable and high yields of ratooning rice.
[0032] 2. The mechanized planting, management and harvesting method for improving the yield of ratooning rice by integrating agricultural machinery and agronomy, as described in this invention, addresses the issue of variety selection in the ratooning rice cultivation process. By selecting ratooning rice varieties with good quality, high dormant bud germination rate and high yield suitable for different planting areas, it avoids insufficient dormant bud germination in ratooning rice due to variety issues, thereby affecting the yield of ratooning rice.
[0033] 3. The mechanized planting, management, and harvesting method for improving the yield of ratooning rice by integrating agricultural machinery and agronomy, as described in this invention, addresses the problems of low sowing precision, low efficiency, and high seed damage rate in the ratooning rice planting process. It proposes a whole-disc air-suction seed metering device for precision hole sowing, achieving a sowing precision of 2 seeds / hole (2±1 seeds / hole ≥90%), 3 seeds / hole (3±1 seeds / hole ≥85%), and 4 seeds / hole (4±1 seeds / hole ≥85%), with a void hole rate ≤1% and a seed damage rate ≤0.5%. The whole-disc air-suction seed metering device features low seed damage rate and high precision, while significantly improving sowing efficiency while ensuring sowing precision. Precision hole sowing technology can increase the rice seedling age and promote rice tillering, thereby increasing rice yield.
[0034] 4. The mechanized planting, management, and harvesting method for improving the yield of ratooning rice by integrating agricultural machinery and agronomy, as described in this invention, addresses the issue that the row spacing during ratooning rice transplanting is fixed, and that mechanized field management and harvesting of ratooning rice can easily damage rice seedlings and stubble. It proposes a wide-narrow row spacing planting method suitable for the agronomic requirements of ratooning rice planting. In narrow rows, the row spacing is 150mm–250mm, and in wide rows, it is 200mm–400mm. The distance between wide and narrow rows is 450mm–600mm, ensuring that the distance between wide and narrow rows allows for the passage of plant protection machinery, weeding machinery, and harvesting machinery. Simultaneously, the wide-narrow row spacing ensures a basic rice seedling density per acre, achieving mechanization of ratooning rice planting, management, and harvesting while maintaining the overall yield.
[0035] 4. The mechanized planting, management, and harvesting method for improving the yield of ratooning rice by integrating agricultural machinery and agronomy, as described in this invention, addresses the challenges of field management for first-season and ratooning rice. It proposes a high-clearance plant protection system for both types of rice. By analyzing the occurrence patterns and real-time status of rice pests and diseases, a high-clearance plant protection machine is used to achieve mechanized plant protection operations. With a wheel track of 1050mm-1800mm and a ground clearance of 700-1200mm, it can protect rice plants from 0 to 1200mm in height, thus controlling pests and diseases in both first-season and ratooning rice.
[0036] 5. The mechanized planting, management, and harvesting method for improving the yield of ratooning rice by integrating agricultural machinery and agronomy, as described in this invention, addresses the problem of difficult weeding in the fields of first-season rice and ratooning rice. It proposes a method for inter-row cultivation and weeding for ratooning rice with wide and narrow rows, enabling inter-row cultivation and weeding in the inter-row areas and the intervals between wide and narrow rows of ratooning rice. The single-row working width of the inter-row cultivation and weeding machine is 300mm to 600mm, with 2 to 5 rows operated, and the overall machine working width is 1500mm to 2400mm. The wheel spacing is 1050mm to 1800mm, and the cultivation depth is ≥31mm.
[0037] 6. The mechanized planting, management, and harvesting method integrating agricultural machinery and agronomy described in this invention for improving the yield of ratooning rice addresses the problem of high crushing rate during the first harvest of ratooning rice, resulting in low germination rate of dormant buds. It proposes a non-crushing harvesting method for the first harvest of ratooning rice planted in both wide and narrow rows. This method uses a ratooning rice-specific combine harvester with a wide header and narrow tracks. The narrow tracks avoid crushing the rice as it moves between wide and narrow rows. The wide header increases the cutting width (1950mm–3150mm), the track width is 280mm–350mm, and the track gauge is 1050mm–1800mm. This ensures no crushing during the first harvest, guarantees the germination of dormant buds in the ratooning season, and increases the yield of ratooning rice, ultimately improving the yield per unit area and ensuring food security. Attached Figure Description
[0038] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. The drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.
[0039] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the mechanized planting, management, and harvesting method for improving the yield of ratooning rice by integrating agricultural machinery and agronomy, as described in this invention.
[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the wide and narrow row planting of regenerated rice according to the present invention.
[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the row spacing and plant spacing for wide and narrow row planting of regenerated rice according to the present invention.
[0042] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of wide and narrow row planting of regenerated rice provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0043] Figure 5 This is a photograph of a rice planting operation using both wide and narrow rows, as shown in the example.
[0044] Figure 6 This is a photograph of the actual site of low-loss harvesting of the first season of ratooned rice in the example. Detailed Implementation
[0045] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
[0046] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "axial," "radial," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.
[0047] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.
[0048] like Figure 1As shown, the mechanized planting, management, and harvesting method for improving the yield of ratooning rice by integrating agricultural machinery and agronomy, as described in this invention, includes the following steps:
[0049] Variety selection: Select high-quality ratooning rice varieties that are suitable for planting in the local area, have a high dormant bud germination rate, and high yield.
[0050] Seed treatment: Before sowing, the seeds are sieved, awned, and soaked to ensure they are free of impurities and have sprouted. Specifically: sieve to remove shriveled grains and impurities from the seeds; remove the awns from the rice seeds using an awn removal machine; wrap the seeds in a damp cloth and soak them in clean water for 24–48 hours; when the seeds have sprouted and the sprouts are longer than 0.5 mm, treat the sprouts with an insecticide.
[0051] Sowing and seedling raising: Precision sowing in the field is carried out using a factory-style, whole-tray, air-suction seed metering system. After sowing, the seedling trays are moved to a darkening chamber. Once seedlings emerge in the dark, they are moved back to the field for proper water, fertilizer, and light management. Specifically: In the field, a whole-tray, air-suction seed metering system is used for precision sowing in each hole, achieving a sowing precision of 2 seeds / hole (2±1 seeds / hole ≥90%), 3 seeds / hole (3±1 seeds / hole ≥85%), or 4 seeds / hole (4±1 seeds / hole ≥85%), with a void rate ≤1% and a seed damage rate ≤0.5%. After sowing, the seedling trays are moved to the darkening chamber, maintaining a temperature of 32–35℃ and a humidity of 45%–60%. When the seedlings reach a length of 0.8–1 cm, they are transported to the seedbed. Transplanting is performed when the seedlings are 30–35 days old and have 3.1–3.5 leaves per plant.
[0052] Seedling transplanting: When the seedlings are suitable for transplanting, use a wide-narrow row rice transplanter to transplant the seedlings in a wide-narrow row that meets the agronomical requirements of rice planting and allows for low-loss harvesting by a combine harvester for ratooning rice.
[0053] Field Management: During the rice field growth period, fertilization is carried out using a variable fertilization method based on real-time fertility monitoring to ensure soil fertility. Physical weeding is performed using inter-row weeding machines, and pest and disease control is carried out using high-clearance plant protection machines to ensure the first-season yield of ratooning rice. Specifically, the variable fertilization method involves the rice planting variable fertilization machine acquiring the soil conductivity in real time through electrode plates installed on both sides of the front wheel. This conductivity data is combined with the soil resistance distribution to estimate the soil nutrient distribution, enabling dynamic adjustment of the fertilization amount based on real-time soil fertility monitoring. This achieves precise and balanced fertilization in rice paddies.
[0054] First-season rice harvest: When the first-season rice is ready for harvest, a special combine harvester for ratooning rice with a wide cutting platform and narrow tracks is used for harvesting. During harvesting, the tracks are located between the rows, so there is no crushing of the ratooning rice during the first-season harvesting process, thereby avoiding damage to the dormant buds, ensuring the germination of dormant buds in the ratooning season, and increasing the yield of ratooning rice in the ratooning season.
[0055] Field management: Implement variable fertilization based on real-time fertility monitoring to ensure soil fertility, and combine it with high ground clearance plant protection to control pests and diseases in rice during the regeneration season.
[0056] Ratoon rice harvesting: The harvesting is carried out using a ratoon rice combine harvester with a wide header and narrow tracks; the tracks of the ratoon rice combine harvester with a wide header and narrow tracks are located between the rows, allowing for straight-line harvesting of ratoon rice without crushing during the ratooning season.
[0057] The working wheel track of the wide-narrow row rice transplanter, the working wheel track of the high ground clearance plant protection machine, the working wheel track of the inter-row weeding machine, and the track track of the wide-cutting-platform narrow-track ratooning rice combine harvester described in this invention are the same. This reduces the crushing rate of ratooning rice during the period from transplanting to harvesting, while increasing the germination rate of dormant buds of ratooning rice, increasing the yield of ratooning rice in the ratooning season, and ultimately increasing the yield per unit area of ratooning rice.
[0058] Wide and narrow row planting of ratooning rice Figure 2 As shown in the figure, x1 is the width of the narrow row planting ridge; x2 is the width of the wide row planting ridge; y is the distance between ridges; d1 is the working wheel track of the wide and narrow row rice transplanter, the working wheel track of the high ground clearance plant protection machine, and the working wheel track of the inter-row weeding machine. d1 is also the track gauge of the ratooning rice combine harvester with a wide header and narrow tracks, and is represented by d1' for distinction; d2 is the cutting width of the ratooning rice combine harvester.
[0059] The row spacing and plant spacing for wide and narrow row planting of ratooning rice are as follows: Figure 3 As shown, m is the distance between plants of ratooning rice, simply called plant spacing. n is the distance between rows of ratooning rice plants, simply called row spacing. Traditional rice cultivation generally uses equal row spacing. In this invention, while keeping the plant spacing constant, the row spacing is adjusted to wide rows and narrow rows, with each wide and narrow row forming a ridge. The distance between the ridges is the ridge distance y, which is key to ensuring straight rows without trampling and with low damage during the ratooning rice field management and harvesting process.
[0060] The row spacing for rice planting in narrow rows is 150mm–250mm, while the row spacing for wide rows is 200mm–400mm. The distance between the wide and narrow rows is 450mm–600mm. The plant spacing is 100mm–180mm. The wheel gauge of the wide-narrow row transplanter is 1050mm–1800mm. The planting density for alternating wide and narrow row transplanting is 10,000–27,000 hills per mu (approximately 667 square meters). The high-clearance plant protection machine has a wheel gauge of 1050mm–1800mm and a ground clearance of 700mm–1200mm, and is used for plant protection operations on rice plants with a height of 0–1200mm. Inter-row tillers and weeders are used to cultivate and weed the areas between wide-row plantings and the intervals between wide and narrow rows. The single-row working width of the inter-row tiller and weeder is 300mm-600mm, with 2-5 rows operated, and the working width is 1500mm-2400mm. The wheel track of the inter-row tiller and weeder is 1050mm-1800mm, and the tillage depth is ≥31mm. The track width of the wide-cutting-plate, narrow-track ratooning rice combine harvester is 280mm-350mm, and the track gauge is 1050mm-1800mm. The cutting width of the wide-cutting-plate, narrow-track ratooning rice combine harvester is 1950mm-3150mm.
[0061] Example
[0062] To verify the effectiveness of the mechanized planting, management and harvesting method integrating agricultural machinery and agronomy proposed in this patent, an experiment on the mechanized planting, management and harvesting method integrating agricultural machinery and agronomy to improve the yield of ratooning rice was carried out at the experimental base of the Chizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Hekou Village, Dunshang Street, Guichi District.
[0063] To ensure the validity of the results, this experiment selected three identical 5-mu experimental plots at the experimental base: experimental plot 1, experimental plot 2, and experimental plot 3. Experimental plot 1 adopted the traditional planting method, while experimental plots 2 and 3 adopted the planting, management, and harvesting methods of this invention.
[0064] During the experiment, Tailiangyou 1332, a ratooning rice variety recommended by the Academy of Agricultural Sciences and suitable for widespread planting in Chizhou, was selected as the ratooning rice variety for this experiment.
[0065] In early March, diseased grains, broken grains, shriveled grains and impurities in the Tai Liang You 1332 rice seeds were first screened and removed, and then the rice seeds were deawned using a rice seed deawning machine.
[0066] In late March, rice seeds are soaked by placing them in a damp cloth and immersing them in 30°C water for 24-48 hours, turning them over every 12 hours. Soaking is stopped when the seeds show white sprouts and the sprouts are about 0.5 mm long. The sprouts are then treated with imidacloprid, pymetrozine, thiamethoxam, or fipronil to prepare for sowing.
[0067] In late March, a whole-tray air-suction precision rice seedling planter was used for sowing. The pre-treated seeds were placed in the planter's seed box, with a sowing rate of 3 seeds per hole and a sowing accuracy of 3±1 seeds per hole (≥85%). The seed weight per tray was 35–45g. The process involved laying the base soil, pressing the holes, precision sowing, watering, covering with topsoil, and stacking the trays in one operation. The sown trays were then moved to a darkening chamber, where the temperature was maintained at 32–35℃ and the humidity at 60%. When the seedlings reached 0.8–1cm in length, they were transported to the seedbed, ensuring adequate water supply during their growth. Transplanting was carried out when the seedlings were 30–35 days old and had 3.1–3.5 leaves per plant.
[0068] In late April, rice seedlings were transplanted into experimental plot 1 using a traditional rice transplanter. The plant spacing was 140mm, the row spacing was 250mm, and the planting density was 19,057 hills per mu (approximately 667 square meters). A schematic diagram of the wide-narrow row planting of ratooning rice in this embodiment is shown below. Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, rice seedlings were transplanted using a wide-narrow row rice transplanter in experimental plot 2. The plant spacing m was 140 mm, with 4 rows per ridge in both wide and narrow rows. The row spacing n2 between the narrow rows was 200 mm, evenly distributed. In the wide rows, n... 12 =n 34 =200mm, n 23 =300mm, row spacing y=500mm, planting density is 16571 hills per mu; for experimental plot 3, a wide-narrow row rice transplanter was used to transplant rice seedlings, with a plant spacing m of 120mm, 4 rows per ridge for both wide and narrow rows, and a row spacing n2 of 200mm evenly distributed between narrow rows, and n in the wide rows. 12 =n 34 =200mm, n 23 =300mm, row spacing y=500mm, planting density is 19333 holes per mu.
[0069] According to the experiment in this embodiment, the track gauge and cutting width meet the parameter requirements of mechanized harvesting, that is, the wheel gauge d1 of the high clearance plant protection machine, the weeding machine, the inter-row weeding machine and the track gauge d1' of the combine harvester are all 1200mm, and the cutting width d2 of the ratooning rice combine harvester is 2300mm.
[0070] From late April to early August, continuous and reasonable field management is carried out for rice. After transplanting, a variable-rate fertilizer applicator is used to conduct precise fertilization based on real-time monitoring of soil fertility in the paddy fields. According to the occurrence patterns of pests and diseases in the first rice crop and the real-time situation of pests and diseases, high-clearance plant protection machines are used in a timely manner to achieve mechanized plant protection operations. The high-clearance plant protection machine has a wheel track of 1200mm and a ground clearance of 1200mm to achieve pest and disease control for the first rice crop. Suitable pesticides include abamectin, methoxyfenozide, triazophos, propiconazole, pymetrozine, acetamiprid, and emamectin benzoate-indoxacarb. Meanwhile, depending on the growth of rice and the occurrence of weeds, if necessary, a weeding machine can be used to cultivate and weed between the rows of wide-row rice and between the wide and narrow rows. The weeding machine has an operating width of 1700mm, a wheel track of 1200mm, and a cultivation depth of 31mm, which can carry out harmless and green weeding for rice planted in both wide and narrow rows.
[0071] In mid-August, the first crop of rice was harvested at a suitable time based on the rice's growth and timing. In experimental field 1, a Wode 4LZ-6.0E Ruilong combine harvester was used, with a header width of 2200mm, a track width of 550mm, a track gauge of 1250mm, and a stubble height of 15cm. In experimental fields 2 and 3, a wide-header, narrow-track ratooning rice combine harvester of this invention was used, with a header width of 2300mm, a track width of 280mm, a track gauge of 1200mm, and a stubble height of 15cm, ensuring no trampling during the first crop harvest. The track width of 280mm is less than the row spacing y. Figure 6 As shown.
[0072] From mid-August to early October, field management of ratooning rice should be carried out. During the growth process, drones equipped with hyperspectral sensors should be used regularly to quantitatively monitor the nutrients in the ratooning rice paddies, obtain nutrient distribution data, establish nutrient distribution prescription maps, and conduct precise variable fertilization based on the prescription distribution using drones. Simultaneously, pest and disease control should be carried out. During the heading and breaking-up stage of the ratooning rice, high-clearance plant protection drones should be used for pesticide application. Suitable pesticides include abamectin, methoxyfenozide, triazophos, propiconazole, pymetrozine, acetamiprid, and emamectin benzoate-indoxacarb.
[0073] In mid-October, when the ratooning rice was fully mature, experimental field 1 used a Wode 4LZ-6.0E Ruilong combine harvester for conventional combine harvesting. Experimental fields 2 and 3 both used the ratooning rice combine harvester with a wide header and narrow tracks as described in this invention.
[0074] The experimental results of this embodiment are as follows:
[0075] Tables 1, 2, 3, and 4 show the comparison of rice plant density, first-season rice yield per mu, second-season rice yield per mu, and total rice yield per mu under different planting methods.
[0076] Table 1 Comparison of rice plant density under different planting methods
[0077]
[0078] As can be seen from Table 1, the wide and narrow row planting in experimental plot 2 maintained a plant spacing of 140 mm while increasing the row spacing between the wide rows, resulting in a 13% reduction in planting density; experimental plot 3 increased the planting density by 1.45% by reducing the plant spacing to 120 mm, which compensated for the row spacing between the wide rows, and was basically the same as conventional planting.
[0079] Table 2 Comparison of first-season rice yield per mu under different planting methods
[0080]
[0081] Table 2 shows that in experimental plot 2, even with a 13% reduction in planting density, the first-season rice yield remained at 3.4%. The wider row spacing improved light penetration, allowing more leaves on each plant to receive sunlight, promoting photosynthesis. This resulted in more panicles, better grain filling, and higher yields per plant in the wide-narrow row boundary area, thus compensating for the lower planting density through marginal effects. Compared to experimental plot 2, experimental plot 3, with its good overall ventilation under wide-narrow row planting, maintained healthy plant growth even at higher planting densities. Further increasing planting density by reducing plant spacing further improved the first-season yield. Simultaneously, wide-narrow row planting made pest and disease control and weeding more effective, reducing damage to rice plants from field management and providing a crucial guarantee for stable first-season rice yields.
[0082] Table 3 Comparison of yield per mu of ratooning rice under different planting methods
[0083]
[0084] Table 3 shows that conventional planting in experimental plot 1, combined with a general-purpose combine harvester, resulted in a high rate of straight-row compaction during harvest, damaging dormant buds on the rice stubble. In contrast, the wide-narrow row planting method in experimental plots 2 and 3 resulted in straight-row, uncompacted harvesting of the first crop, preventing damage to dormant buds and ensuring their germination. Combined with the marginal effect of wide-narrow row planting, along with mechanized weeding and pest control, this ensured the yield of the ratoon rice. The ratoon rice yields in experimental plots 2 and 3 increased by 41.9% and 57.3%, respectively, compared to conventional planting.
[0085] Table 4 Comparison of total rice yield per mu under different planting methods
[0086]
[0087] As can be seen from Table 4, the implementation of the mechanized planting, management and harvesting method that integrates agricultural machinery and agronomy to improve the yield of ratooning rice proposed in this patent has not only achieved full mechanization of ratooning rice production, but also ensured stable yield of the first season rice and increased yield of the ratooning season rice. This is of great significance for improving the yield of ratooning rice and ensuring food security.
[0088] It should be understood that although this specification is described according to various embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This way of describing the specification is only for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.
[0089] The detailed descriptions listed above are merely specific illustrations of feasible embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the spirit of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A mechanized planting, management, and harvesting method that integrates agricultural machinery and agronomy to improve the yield of ratooning rice, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Seed pretreatment; Sowing and seedling raising; Use a wide-narrow row rice transplanter to perform alternating wide and narrow row rice transplanting; During the rice growing season, fertilization is carried out using a variable fertilization method based on real-time fertility monitoring to ensure soil fertility; physical weeding is carried out using inter-row weeding machines and pest and disease control is carried out using high-clearance plant protection machines to ensure the yield of ratooning rice. When harvesting the first crop of rice, a combined harvester with a wide cutting platform and narrow tracks is used for harvesting. The tracks of the combined harvester are located between the rows, allowing for straight harvesting of the first crop of rice without crushing, thus avoiding damage to dormant buds and ensuring the germination of dormant buds in the second crop, thereby increasing the yield of the second crop of rice. During the harvesting of ratooning rice, a ratooning rice combine harvester with a wide header and narrow tracks is used for harvesting; the tracks of the ratooning rice combine harvester with a wide header and narrow tracks are located between the rows, allowing for straight-line harvesting of ratooning rice without crushing. The working wheel track of the wide-narrow row rice transplanter, the working wheel track of the high-clearance plant protection machine, the working wheel track of the inter-row weeding machine, and the track gauge of the wide-cutting-platform narrow-track ratooning rice combine harvester are the same. This is used to reduce the crushing rate of ratooning rice during the period from transplanting to harvest, while simultaneously increasing the germination rate of dormant buds in ratooning rice. The working wheel track of the wide-narrow row rice transplanter, the high-clearance plant protection machine, and the inter-row weeding machine is d1 = x1 + y; the track gauge of the wide-cutting-platform narrow-track ratooning rice combine harvester is d1' = x1 + y; the cutting width of the wide-cutting-platform narrow-track ratooning rice combine harvester is d2 = x1 + 2y + x2; where x1 is the width of the narrow row planting ridge; x2 is the width of the wide row planting ridge; and y is the distance between rows. A wide-narrow row rice transplanter is used for alternating wide and narrow row rice transplanting. The row spacing of rice plants in the narrow rows is 150mm~250mm, the row spacing of rice plants in the wide rows is 200mm~400mm, and the distance between the wide and narrow rows is 450mm~600mm. The plant spacing of rice plants is 100mm~180mm. The working wheel gauge of the wide-narrow row rice transplanter is 1050mm-1800mm.
2. The mechanized planting, management, and harvesting method for improving the yield of ratooning rice by integrating agricultural machinery and agronomy, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The seed pretreatment specifically includes the following steps: Empty grains and impurities are removed from the seeds through screening; The awns on rice seeds are removed using a deawning machine; Wrap the seeds in a damp cloth and soak them in clean water for 24-48 hours; When the seeds show white sprouts and the sprouts are longer than 0.5 mm, treat the sprouts with an insecticide.
3. The mechanized planting, management, and harvesting method for improving the yield of ratooning rice by integrating agricultural machinery and agronomy, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The sowing and seedling raising process specifically includes the following steps: In the field, a whole-pan air suction seed metering device is used for hole-to-hole sowing, with a sowing accuracy of 2-4 seeds / hole, a void rate of ≤1%, and a seed damage rate of ≤0.5%. After sowing, move the seedling trays to the darkening chamber, maintaining the temperature inside the darkening chamber at 32~35°C and the humidity inside at 45%~60%. When the seedlings reach a length of 0.8-1cm, transport them to the seedbed. Transplant them when they are 30-35 days old and have 3.1-3.5 leaves per plant.
4. The mechanized planting, management, and harvesting method for improving the yield of ratooning rice by integrating agricultural machinery and agronomy, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The planting density for alternating wide and narrow rows of rice seedlings is 10,000 to 27,000 holes per mu.
5. The mechanized planting, management, and harvesting method for improving the yield of ratooning rice by integrating agricultural machinery and agronomy, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The high ground clearance plant protection machine has a working wheel track of 1050mm-1800mm and a ground clearance of 700mm-1200mm, and is used for plant protection operations on rice plants with a height of 0-1200mm.
6. The mechanized planting, management, and harvesting method for improving the yield of ratooning rice by integrating agricultural machinery and agronomy, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... Inter-row tillers and weeders are used to cultivate and weed the areas between wide-row plantings and the intervals between wide and narrow rows. The single-row working width of the inter-row tiller and weeder is 300mm~600mm, with 2-5 rows operated. The working width of the inter-row tiller and weeder is 1500mm~2400mm. The wheel spacing of the inter-row tiller and weeder is 1050mm-1800mm, and the tillage depth is ≥31mm.
7. The mechanized planting, management, and harvesting method for improving the yield of ratooning rice by integrating agricultural machinery and agronomy, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The track width of the wide-heading-narrow-track ratooning rice combine harvester is 280mm~350mm, and the track gauge is 1050mm~1800mm; the working cutting width of the wide-heading-narrow-track ratooning rice combine harvester is 1950mm~3150mm.