Continuous torsion extrusion rod feeding friction deposition forming device and use method

Abstract

The invention discloses a continuous torsion extrusion rod feeding friction deposition forming device and a using method, the continuous torsion extrusion rod feeding friction deposition forming device comprises a bearing main body, N chucks, M ball screws, an electric spindle, a guide shaft and a shaft shoulder tool, the N chucks are arranged in the vertical direction, screw rods of the M ball screws penetrate through the N chucks, and the electric spindle is arranged on the bearing main body; the guiding shaft is vertically arranged and fixedly installed on the bearing body, a shell-free motor of the electric spindle is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the bearing body, a spindle body of the electric spindle drives the shaft shoulder tool to rotate, and a gap is formed between the shaft shoulder tool and the guiding shaft. A bar penetrates through the N chucks and the guide shaft and extends out of the bottom of the guide shaft, and the bar extending out of the bottom of the guide shaft can make contact with the shaft shoulder tool. The chuck and the guide shaft of the friction deposition forming device for continuously twisting, extruding and feeding the bars do not need to rotate, so that the difficulty in realizing continuous feeding is reduced, and the shape of the bars is not limited.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and specifically relates to a continuous twisting extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding device and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Friction stir additive manufacturing is a new solid-phase additive manufacturing method. It relies on the shoulder tool to convey and drive the material to rotate at high speed, and under the action of axial thrust, the material and the workpiece surface are rubbed to generate heat, so that the material is plastically deformed and then forms a deposition layer. It has broad application prospects in aerospace, rail vehicles and other fields. There are many ways to implement friction stir additive manufacturing, mainly in the form of powder, wire, strip, and bar feeding. Compared with the friction stir additive manufacturing of powder, wire, and strip feeding, the method of using rods for friction stir additive manufacturing greatly reduces the difficulty of feeding. The bar feeding relies on the shoulder tool to drive the bar to rotate at high speed, and under the action of axial feeding thrust, the friction stir additive manufacturing with the substrate generates heat, so that the bar reaches a thermoplastic flow state, and the feeding process is easy to implement. Compared with the feeding method of powder, wire, and strip, the friction stir additive manufacturing of bar feeding has the advantages of high efficiency and strong material applicability. The raw materials can be processed into bars without further preparation into powder, wire, strip, etc.

[0003] Although bar-fed FSM has great advantages, the current technology is still subject to many limitations, among which the problems that need to be solved are: 1. How to achieve continuous feeding of rods. During the friction stir additive manufacturing process, the rods must rotate at high speed and be fed axially, which involves the movement of the rods in two directions. Most of the existing friction stir additive manufacturing processes using rod feeding are discontinuous feeding methods. In addition, when the rods are consumed, the machine needs to be stopped and replaced with new rods before the friction stir additive manufacturing can continue, which seriously affects the efficiency. Moreover, after the machine is stopped to replace the rods and restart, defects are easily generated at the connection position due to the interruption of the process. Therefore, discontinuous feeding seriously reduces the efficiency of friction stir additive manufacturing, and there is an urgent need for a device that can achieve continuous rod feeding to solve the above problems.

[0004] 2. In order to make the bar material rotate synchronously with the shoulder tool, the side of the bar material is required to have at least one flat surface, and the corresponding feeding channel must also have a corresponding shape, which greatly restricts the shape of the bar material. For example, aluminum-based composite materials, titanium alloys and other materials on the market are mostly plates and bars. In order to meet the bar shape of stir friction additive manufacturing, it is often necessary to further machine the existing plates or bars so that the side of the bar material has at least one flat surface, which requires a lot of work in bar machining. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a continuous twisting extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding device.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for using the above-mentioned continuous twisting extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding device.

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.

[0008] A continuous twisting extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding device comprises: a bearing body, N chucks, M ball screws, an electric spindle, a guide shaft and a shoulder tool, N is an integer greater than or equal to 2, M is an integer greater than or equal to 3, a cavity is formed inside the bearing body, a circle of protrusions is formed on the inner wall of the cavity, the cavity above the protrusions is a first cavity, and the cavity below the protrusions is a second cavity; Each ball screw is vertically arranged and the screw passes through the first cavity, the driving motors of the M ball screws are fixedly mounted on the bearing body, the bottoms of the screws of the M ball screws are rotatably connected to the protrusions, the N chucks are arranged in the vertical direction, each chuck is horizontally arranged, the screws of the M ball screws pass through the N chucks, and each of the chucks is fixedly mounted with at least one nut of the ball screw, so that the N chucks are driven by the M ball screws to move independently in the vertical direction; The guide shaft is vertically arranged and fixedly mounted in the cavity, the guide shaft passes through the second cavity, the housingless motor of the electric spindle is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the second cavity, the spindle of the electric spindle is a hollow shaft with open bottom and top surfaces, the hollow shaft sleeve is outside the guide shaft and a first bearing is installed between the hollow shaft and the outer wall of the guide shaft, and the hollow shaft and the guide shaft are coaxially arranged; The shoulder tool is located below the guide shaft and fixed to the bottom of the hollow shaft, a gap is formed between the shoulder tool and the guide shaft, an extrusion channel is formed at the bottom end of the shoulder tool, and a heating device is installed at the lower part of the guide shaft; The bar is arranged in the vertical direction and passes through the N chucks. The N chucks clamp or loosen the bar independently. The bar passes through the guide shaft and extends from the bottom of the guide shaft. The shoulder tool of the part surrounding the extrusion channel is directly below the bar, so that the bar extending from the bottom of the guide shaft can contact the shoulder tool of the part surrounding the extrusion channel.

[0009] In the above technical solution, M=4, N=2.

[0010] In the above technical solution, the two chucks are the first chuck and the second chuck from top to bottom, the nuts of the two ball screws are fixed to the first chuck and not to the second chuck, the nuts of the other two ball screws are fixed to the second chuck and not to the first chuck, and the four ball screws are arranged along a rectangle, and the ball screws corresponding to the two nuts fixed to each chuck are located at the diagonals of the rectangle.

[0011] The above technical solution also includes: multiple guide pillars, each of which is vertically arranged, and all guide pillars pass through N chucks and are fixed to the supporting body to provide guidance for the movement of the chuck on the screw of the ball screw.

[0012] In the above technical solution, the guide shaft includes: a shaft body and an outer shell, the outer shell is used to be fixed with the cavity, the outer shell is sleeved outside the shaft body and is coaxially arranged with the shaft body, the bottom of the shaft body extends out from the bottom end of the outer shell, and an annular columnar enclosed space is surrounded between the outer wall of the shaft body and the inner wall of the outer shell, and an annular first piston is fixed outside the shaft body, and the first piston divides the enclosed space into two spaces that are not connected to each other: a first space and a second space, the first space and the second space are respectively filled with pressure transmission medium, a first opening is formed on the outer shell of the first space, and a second opening is formed on the outer shell on the second space.

[0013] In the above technical solution, the chuck includes: a disc body, a tapered sleeve, a spring collet and a driving mechanism, the spring collet is installed on the disc body, the tapered sleeve is a sleeve structure and the inner surface is a truncated cone, the tapered sleeve is sleeved outside the spring collet, and the driving mechanism is used to drive the tapered sleeve to move in the vertical direction, and the degree of compression of the spring collet by the tapered sleeve is adjusted by the truncated cone shape of the inner surface of the tapered sleeve moving in the vertical direction, so as to drive the spring collet to clamp or loosen.

[0014] In the above technical solution, the spring chuck is embedded in the disc body, and an annular first recessed groove is formed on the disc body in the circumferential direction of the spring chuck, the first recessed groove is used to accommodate a tapered sleeve and limit the tapered sleeve so that the tapered sleeve can only move in the vertical direction, and an annular second recessed groove is embedded in the disc body located in the circumferential direction of the tapered sleeve, the two annular surfaces and the outer side surface of the second recessed groove are both closed, the inner side surface of the second recessed groove is open and covered by the tapered sleeve, the first recessed groove and the second recessed groove are coaxially arranged, and an annular second piston is arranged in the second recessed groove, the second piston divides the second recessed groove into a third space and a fourth space that are not connected to each other, the inner ring side of the second piston is fixed to the outer circumferential surface of the tapered sleeve, a first air port is formed on the disc body corresponding to the fourth space, and a second air port is formed on the disc body corresponding to the third space.

[0015] In the above technical solution, the first air port and the second air port are located on opposite sides of the disk.

[0016] In the above technical solution, the number of the rods is S, S is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, and the chuck also includes: a clamping block, the clamping block is located at the center of the spring collet and is connected to the disc body, and S channels are formed between the clamping block and the spring collet, each channel is arranged in the vertical direction, each channel is used to pass through one of the rods, and each of the channels is used to clamp one of the rods when the spring collet is clamped.

[0017] In the above technical solution, when S is greater than 1, the S channels are arranged along the circumferential direction.

[0018] The above technical solution also includes: a thermocouple, which is fixed on the shaft body.

[0019] In the above technical solution, the side of the shoulder tool close to the guide shaft is an inner conical surface.

[0020] The method for using the above-mentioned continuous twisting extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding device comprises the following steps: S1, loosen N chucks, pass the bar through the N chucks and the guide shaft and extend from the bottom of the guide shaft, then clamp the bar by at least one chuck, turn on the heating device to keep the guide shaft at 100-200°C for at least 1 min, and turn off the heating device; S2, turn on the electric spindle to rotate the hollow shaft, the friction between the bar and the shoulder tool close to the guide shaft generates heat and then forms a plastic material in a plastic flow state, so that the bar is clamped by at least one chuck, and the ball screw corresponding to the nut fixed to the chuck that clamps the bar moves, so that the chuck that clamps the bar moves downward with the bar, and the bar is driven downward alternately by N chucks to realize the feeding of the bar. With the continuous feeding of the bar, the plastic material is extruded along the extrusion channel at the bottom of the shoulder tool and deposited on the surface of the workpiece to form a deposition layer.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The chuck and guide shaft of the continuous twisting extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding device of the present invention do not need to rotate, which reduces the difficulty of achieving continuous feeding. The continuous twisting extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding device of the present invention has no restrictions on the shape of the rod material, can be compatible with rod materials of more cross-sectional shapes, and has wider applicability.

[0022] 2. During the friction stir additive manufacturing process, the continuous torsional extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding device of the present invention alternately drives the rod material downward through N chucks, completes the uninterrupted and continuous feeding of the rod material, and realizes the continuity, uniformity and stability of the friction stir additive manufacturing process.

[0023] 3. In the existing friction stir additive manufacturing methods, the rod material is in contact with the workpiece surface, and the friction generates heat and then plasticizes, which requires a large pressure or load to be applied to the workpiece surface. However, the continuous torsion extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding device of the present invention is a rod material that is plasticized by friction between the shoulder tool and the rod material, and then extruded from the shoulder tool extrusion channel. The pressure applied to the workpiece surface is small, which is beneficial to reducing the overall deformation or residual stress of the workpiece after the friction stir additive manufacturing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional view of the continuous twisting extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding device of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the continuous twisting extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding device of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a top view of the chuck (the chuck clamps the bar); Figure 4 for Figure 3 Sectional view of the AA surface of the middle chuck (chuck clamping the bar); Figure 5 It is a top view of the chuck (the chuck releases the bar); Figure 6 for Figure 5 Sectional view of the AA surface of the middle chuck (chuck releases the bar).

[0025] Among them, 1: bearing body, 1-1: protrusion, 2: chuck, 2-1: disc body, 2-2: conical sleeve, 2-3: spring chuck, 2-4: clamping block, 2-5: second concave groove, 2-6: second piston, 2-7: first air port, 2-8: second air port, 2-9: guide column insertion hole, 2-10: first recessed groove, 3: ball screw, 3-1: drive motor, 3-2: screw, 3-3: nut, 3-4: reducer, 4: electric spindle, 4-1: housingless motor, 4-2: hollow shaft, 5: guide shaft, 5-1: shaft body, 5-2: housing, 5-3: first piston, 5-4: first opening, 5-5: second opening, 6: shoulder tool, 6-1: extrusion channel, 7: rod, 8: second bearing, 9: heating device, 10: thermocouple, 11: front end shell, 12: guide column, 13: first bearing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The continuous twisting extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding device and the method of use of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example 1

[0027] like Figures 1 to 6As shown, a continuous torsion extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding device comprises: a bearing body 1, N chucks 2, M ball screws 3, an electric spindle 4, a guide shaft 5 and a shoulder tool 6, N is an integer greater than or equal to 2, M is an integer greater than or equal to 3, a cavity is formed inside the bearing body 1, a circle of protrusions 1-1 is formed on the inner wall of the cavity, the cavity located above the protrusions 1-1 is a first cavity, and the cavity located below the protrusions 1-1 is a second cavity; Each ball screw 3 comprises a screw 3-2, a drive motor 3-1 and a reducer 3-4, each ball screw 3 is vertically arranged and the screw 3-2 passes through the first cavity, the drive motors 3-1 and the reducer 3-4 of the M ball screws 3 are fixedly mounted on the bearing body 1, the bottoms of the screws 3-2 of the M ball screws 3 are rotatably connected to the protrusion 1-1, the N chucks 2 are arranged in the vertical direction, each chuck 2 is horizontally arranged, the screws 3-2 of the M ball screws 3 pass through the N chucks 2, and each chuck 2 is fixedly mounted with at least one nut 3-3 of the ball screw 3, so that the N chucks 2 are driven by the M ball screws 3 to move independently in the vertical direction; The guide shaft 5 is vertically arranged and fixed in the cavity, and the guide shaft 5 passes through the second cavity. The housingless motor 4-1 of the electric spindle 4 is fixed on the inner wall of the second cavity. The spindle of the electric spindle 4 is a hollow shaft 4-2 with open bottom and top surfaces. The hollow shaft 4-2 is sleeved outside the guide shaft 5 and a first bearing 13 is installed between the hollow shaft 4-2 and the outer wall of the guide shaft 5. The hollow shaft 4-2 and the guide shaft 5 are coaxially arranged; The shoulder tool 6 is located below the guide shaft 5 and fixed to the bottom of the hollow shaft 4-2. The side of the shoulder tool 6 close to the guide shaft 5 is an inner cone. A gap is formed between the shoulder tool 6 and the guide shaft 5. An extrusion channel 6-1 is formed at the bottom end of the shoulder tool 6. A heating device 9 is installed at the lower part of the guide shaft 5.

[0028] After the electric spindle 4 is turned on, the housingless motor 4 - 1 drives the hollow shaft 4 - 2 to drive the shoulder tool 6 to rotate below the guide shaft 5 .

[0029] The rod 7 is arranged in the vertical direction and passes through N chucks 2. The N chucks 2 clamp or release the rod 7 independently. The rod 7 passes through the guide shaft 5 and extends from the bottom of the guide shaft 5. The rod 7 and the extrusion channel 6-1 are not located on the same straight line, that is, the shoulder tool 6 of the surrounding part of the extrusion channel 6-1 is directly below the rod 7, so that the rod 7 extending from the bottom of the guide shaft 5 can contact the shoulder tool 6 of the surrounding part of the extrusion channel 6-1.

[0030] The method for using the above-mentioned continuous twisting extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding device comprises the following steps: S1, loosen the N chucks 2, pass the rod 7 through the N chucks 2 and the guide shaft 5 and extend it from the bottom of the guide shaft 5, then clamp the rod 7 by at least one chuck 2, turn on the heating device 9 to keep the guide shaft 5 at 100-200°C for at least 1 minute, and turn off the heating device 9 (before the start of friction stir additive manufacturing, the heating device 9 preheats the guide shaft 5 and the rod 7 therein to reduce the time of the friction heat generation stage and help the rod 7 quickly reach the plasticizing temperature of the rod 7).

[0031] S2, turn on the electric spindle 4 to rotate the hollow shaft 4-2, and the bar 7 and the shoulder tool 6 frictionally generate heat close to the guide shaft 5 to form a plastic material in a plastic flow state, so that the bar 7 is clamped by at least one chuck 2, and the ball screw 3 corresponding to the nut 3-3 fixed to the chuck 2 that clamps the bar 7 is moved, so that the chuck 2 that clamps the bar 7 moves downward with the bar 7, and the bar 7 is alternately driven downward by N chucks 2 to realize the feeding of the bar 7. With the continuous feeding of the bar 7, the plastic material is extruded along the extrusion channel 6-1 at the bottom of the shoulder tool 6 and deposited on the surface of the workpiece to form a deposition layer. Example 2

[0032] A continuous twisting extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding device, based on Example 1, M=4, N=2.

[0033] The two chucks 2 are the first chuck and the second chuck from top to bottom, the nuts 3-3 of the two ball screws 3 are fixed to the first chuck and not to the second chuck, the nuts 3-3 of the other two ball screws 3 are fixed to the second chuck and not to the first chuck, and the four ball screws 3 are arranged along a rectangle, and the ball screws 3 corresponding to the two nuts 3-3 fixed to each chuck 2 are located at the diagonals of the rectangle.

[0034] The continuous torsion extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding device also includes: a plurality of guide pillars 12 and thermocouples 10, each guide pillar 12 is vertically arranged, and all guide pillars 12 pass through N chucks 2 (guide pillar insertion holes 2-9 are formed on the chucks 2) and are fixed to the supporting body 1, so as to provide a guiding effect for the chuck 2 to move on the screw 3-2 of the ball screw 3.

[0035] The guide shaft 5 includes: a shaft body 5-1 and a shell 5-2. A first channel for passing the rod 7 is formed in the shaft body 5-1. The shell 5-2 is used to be fixed to the cavity. The shell 5-2 is sleeved outside the shaft body 5-1 and is coaxially arranged with the shaft body 5-1. The bottom of the shaft body 5-1 extends out from the bottom end of the shell 5-2. An annular columnar enclosed space is formed between the outer wall of the shaft body 5-1 and the inner wall of the shell 5-2. An annular first piston 5-3 is fixed outside the shaft body 5-1. The first piston 5-3 divides the enclosed space into two spaces that are not connected to each other: a first space and a second space. The first space and the second space are respectively filled with pressure transmission medium. A first opening 5-4 is formed on the shell 5-2 in the first space, and a second opening 5-5 is formed on the shell 5-2 in the second space. The pressure transfer medium is introduced through the first opening 5-4 and the second opening 5-5 to adjust the volumes of the first space and the second space, thereby adjusting the position of the first piston 5-3. The height of the shaft body 5-1 in the guide shaft 5 is adjusted by changing the position of the first piston 5-3, so that the distance of the gap formed between the shaft guide shaft 5 and the shoulder tool 6 can be adjusted.

[0036] The thermocouple 10 is fixedly mounted on the shaft body 5 - 1 and is used to monitor the temperature of the shaft body 5 - 1 .

[0037] Preferably, a protruding thread structure is formed on the inner conical surface. When the shoulder tool 6 rotates, the thread structure can guide and promote the flow of the plastic material, so that the plastic material flows toward the extrusion channel 6-1 more quickly. Example 3

[0038] A continuous twisting extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding device, based on Example 2, as Figures 3 to 6 As shown, the chuck 2 includes: a disc body 2-1, a conical sleeve 2-2, a spring chuck 2-3 and a driving mechanism (not shown in the figure), the spring chuck 2-3 is installed on the disc body 2-1, the conical sleeve 2-2 is a sleeve structure and the inner surface is a truncated cone, the conical sleeve 2-2 is sleeved outside the spring chuck 2-3, and the driving mechanism is used to drive the conical sleeve 2-2 to move in the vertical direction, and the degree to which the conical sleeve 2-2 compresses the spring chuck 2-3 is adjusted by the truncated cone shape of the inner surface of the conical sleeve 2-2 moving in the vertical direction, so as to drive the spring chuck 2-3 to clamp or loosen.

[0039] Preferably, the spring chuck 2-3 is pneumatically driven to clamp or loosen, and the driving mechanism includes: an air compressor, the spring chuck 2-3 is embedded in the disk body 2-1, and an annular first recessed groove 2-10 is formed on the disk body 2-1 in the circumferential direction of the spring chuck 2-3. The first recessed groove 2-10 is used to accommodate the conical sleeve 2-2 and limit the conical sleeve 2-2 so that the conical sleeve 2-2 can only move in the vertical direction. An annular second recessed groove 2-5 is embedded inside the disk body 2-1 located in the circumferential direction of the conical sleeve 2-2. The two annular surfaces and the outer side surface of the second recessed groove 2-5 are both closed. The inner side surface of the recessed groove 2-5 is open and covered by the tapered sleeve 2-2. The first recessed groove 2-10 and the second recessed groove 2-5 are coaxially arranged. An annular second piston 2-6 is arranged in the second recessed groove 2-5. The second piston 2-6 divides the second recessed groove 2-5 into a third space and a fourth space which are not connected to each other. The inner ring side of the second piston 2-6 is fixed to the outer circumferential surface of the tapered sleeve 2-2. A first air port 2-7 is formed on the disk body 2-1 corresponding to the fourth space, and a second air port 2-8 is formed on the disk body 2-1 corresponding to the third space. The first air port 2-7 and the second air port 2-8 are located on opposite surfaces of the disk body 2-1. The air compressor is used to fill the fourth space with gas through the first air port 2-7 and keep the second air port 2-8 open, so that the volume of the fourth space increases; the air compressor is used to fill the third space with gas through the second air port 2-8 and keep the first air port 2-7 open, so that the volume of the fourth space decreases, that is, the air compressor drives the second piston 2-6 to move in the vertical direction and then drives the tapered sleeve 2-2 to move in the vertical direction. Figure 3 As shown, the frustum of the inner surface of the conical sleeve 2-2 gradually shrinks from bottom to top, the upper part of the spring chuck 2-3 is the smaller end, and the lower part is the larger end. The fourth space is located above the second piston 2-6. The volume in the fourth space increases, and the spring chuck 2-3 is clamped; the volume in the fourth space decreases, and the spring chuck 2-3 is loosened. Example 4

[0040] A continuous twisting extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding device, based on Example 2, the number of rods 7 is S roots, S is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, such as Figure 3 and 5 As shown, S=4. The chuck 2 also includes: a clamping block 2-4, which is located at the center of the spring collet 2-3 and is integrally formed with the chuck body 2-1, and S channels are formed between the clamping block 2-4 and the spring collet 2-3, the S channels are arranged along the circumferential direction, each channel is respectively arranged along the vertical direction, each channel is used to pass a bar 7, and each channel is used to clamp a bar 7 when the spring collet 2-3 is clamped.

[0041] Preferably, a second channel (not shown in the figure) is formed inside the shaft body 5-1, and the second channel is not connected to the first channel. The second channel has a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet formed on the top surface of the shaft body 5-1. The water cooler is connected to the liquid inlet, and a constant temperature cooling medium is input into the second channel through the liquid inlet, so that the shaft body 5-1 maintains a certain temperature, and excess temperature will not diffuse along the shaft body 5-1 to other positions of the guide shaft 5.

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, a front end shell 11 is installed between the hollow shaft 4-2 below the housingless motor 4-1 and the bearing body 1. The front end shell 11 is fixed on the inner wall of the bearing body 1, and a second bearing 8 is installed between the front end shell 11 and the hollow shaft 4-2. The front end shell 11 can not only enclose the housingless motor 4-1 in the bearing body 1, but also provide auxiliary support for the rotation of the hollow shaft 4-2.

[0043] The present invention is described above by way of example. It should be noted that, without departing from the core of the present invention, any simple deformation, modification or other equivalent replacement that can be made by those skilled in the art without inventive effort falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A continuous twisting extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding device, characterized in that: include: A bearing body (1), N chucks (2), M ball screws (3), an electric spindle (4), a guide shaft (5) and a shoulder tool (6), wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and M is an integer greater than or equal to 3. A cavity is formed inside the bearing body (1), and a circle of protrusions (1-1) is formed on the inner wall of the cavity. The cavity located above the protrusions (1-1) is a first cavity, and the cavity located below the protrusions (1-1) is a second cavity. Each ball screw (3) is vertically arranged and the screw rod (3-2) passes through the first cavity, the driving motors (3-1) of the M ball screws (3) are fixedly mounted on the bearing body (1), the bottoms of the screw rods (3-2) of the M ball screws (3) are rotatably connected to the protrusion (1-1), the N chucks (2) are arranged in a vertical direction, each chuck (2) is horizontally arranged, the screw rods (3-2) of the M ball screws (3) pass through the N chucks (2), and each chuck (2) is fixedly mounted with at least one nut (3-3) of the ball screw (3), so that the N chucks (2) are driven by the M ball screws (3) to move independently in the vertical direction; The guide shaft (5) is vertically arranged and fixedly mounted in the cavity, the guide shaft (5) passes through the second cavity, the housingless motor (4-1) of the electric spindle (4) is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the second cavity, the spindle of the electric spindle (4) is a hollow shaft (4-2) with open bottom and top surfaces, the hollow shaft (4-2) is sleeved outside the guide shaft (5) and a first bearing (13) is installed between the hollow shaft (4-2) and the outer wall of the guide shaft (5), and the hollow shaft (4-2) and the guide shaft (5) are coaxially arranged; The shoulder tool (6) is located below the guide shaft (5) and fixed to the bottom of the hollow shaft (4-2), a gap is formed between the shoulder tool (6) and the guide shaft (5), an extrusion channel (6-1) is formed at the bottom end of the shoulder tool (6), and a heating device (9) is installed at the bottom of the guide shaft (5); The bar (7) is arranged in the vertical direction and passes through the N chucks (2). The N chucks (2) each independently clamp or release the bar (7). The bar (7) passes through the guide shaft (5) and extends from the bottom of the guide shaft (5). The shoulder tool (6) of the surrounding part of the extrusion channel (6-1) is directly below the bar (7), so that the bar (7) extending from the bottom of the guide shaft (5) can contact the shoulder tool (6) of the surrounding part of the extrusion channel (6-1).

2. The continuous twisting extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: M=4,N=2.

3. The continuous twisting extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The two chucks (2) are, from top to bottom, a first chuck and a second chuck, the nuts (3-3) of two ball screws (3) are fixedly mounted on the first chuck and not fixedly mounted on the second chuck, the nuts (3-3) of the other two ball screws (3) are fixedly mounted on the second chuck and not fixedly mounted on the first chuck, the four ball screws (3) are arranged along a rectangle, and the ball screws (3) corresponding to the two nuts (3-3) fixedly mounted on each chuck (2) are located at opposite corners of the rectangle.

4. The continuous twisting extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Also includes: A plurality of guide pillars (12), each guide pillar (12) is vertically arranged, and all the guide pillars (12) pass through the N chucks (2) and are fixed to the bearing body (1), so as to provide a guiding function for the chucks (2) to move on the screw (3-2) of the ball screw (3).

5. The continuous twisting extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The guide shaft (5) comprises: a shaft body (5-1) and a shell (5-2); the shell (5-2) is used for being fixedly mounted on the cavity; the shell (5-2) is sleeved outside the shaft body (5-1) and is coaxially arranged with the shaft body (5-1); the bottom of the shaft body (5-1) extends out from the bottom end of the shell (5-2); an annular columnar enclosed space is formed between the outer wall of the shaft body (5-1) and the inner wall of the shell (5-2); an annular first piston (5-3) is fixedly mounted outside the shaft body (5-1); the first piston (5-3) divides the enclosed space into two spaces that are not connected to each other: a first space and a second space; the first space and the second space are respectively filled with a pressure transmission medium; a first opening (5-4) is formed on the shell (5-2) of the first space; and a second opening (5-5) is formed on the shell (5-2) of the second space.

6. The continuous twisting extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The chuck (2) comprises: a chuck body (2-1), a conical sleeve (2-2), a spring chuck (2-3) and a driving mechanism, wherein the spring chuck (2-3) is mounted on the chuck body (2-1), the conical sleeve (2-2) is a sleeve structure and has a truncated cone-shaped inner surface, the conical sleeve (2-2) is sleeved outside the spring chuck (2-3), and the driving mechanism is used to drive the conical sleeve (2-2) to move in a vertical direction, and to adjust the degree to which the conical sleeve (2-2) compresses the spring chuck (2-3) by the truncated cone-shaped inner surface of the conical sleeve (2-2) moving in a vertical direction, so as to drive the spring chuck (2-3) to clamp or loosen.

7. The continuous twisting extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding device according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The spring chuck (2-3) is embedded in the disc body (2-1); an annular first recessed groove (2-10) is formed on the disc body (2-1) in the circumferential direction of the spring chuck (2-3); the first recessed groove (2-10) is used to accommodate the conical sleeve (2-2) and limit the conical sleeve (2-2) so that the conical sleeve (2-2) can only move in the vertical direction; an annular second recessed groove (2-5) is embedded in the disc body (2-1) in the circumferential direction of the conical sleeve (2-2); the two annular surfaces and the outer side surface of the second recessed groove (2-5) are both closed; the inner side surface of the second recessed groove (2-5) is open and is closed by the conical sleeve. (2-2) is covered, the first recessed groove (2-10) and the second recessed groove (2-5) are coaxially arranged, an annular second piston (2-6) is arranged in the second recessed groove (2-5), the second piston (2-6) divides the second recessed groove (2-5) into a third space and a fourth space which are not connected to each other, the inner ring side of the second piston (2-6) is fixedly mounted on the outer circumferential surface of the conical sleeve (2-2), a first air port (2-7) is formed on the disc body (2-1) corresponding to the fourth space, a second air port (2-8) is formed on the disc body (2-1) corresponding to the third space, and the first air port (2-7) and the second air port (2-8) are located on opposite surfaces of the disc body (2-1).

8. The continuous twisting extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The number of the bars (7) is S, where S is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. The chuck (2) further comprises: a clamping block (2-4), the clamping block (2-4) being located at the center of the spring collet (2-3) and connected to the disc body (2-1), S channels being formed between the clamping block (2-4) and the spring collet (2-3), each channel being arranged in a vertical direction, each channel being used to pass through one of the bars (7), and each of the channels being used to clamp one of the bars (7) when the spring collet (2-3) is clamped.

9. The continuous twisting extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Also includes: A thermocouple (10) is fixedly mounted on the shaft body (5-1), and a side of the shaft shoulder tool (6) close to the guide shaft (5) is an inner conical surface.

10. The method for using the continuous twisting extrusion rod feeding friction deposition molding device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, loosen the N chucks (2), pass the bar (7) through the N chucks (2) and the guide shaft (5) and extend it from the bottom of the guide shaft (5), then clamp the bar (7) by at least one chuck (2), turn on the heating device (9) to keep the guide shaft (5) at 100-200°C for at least 1 minute, and turn off the heating device (9); S2, turn on the electric spindle (4) to rotate the hollow shaft (4-2), the bar stock (7) and the shoulder tool (6) close to the guide shaft (5) rub against each other to generate heat and form a plastic material in a plastic flow state, so that the bar stock (7) is clamped by at least one chuck (2), and the ball screw (3) corresponding to the nut (3-3) fixed to the chuck (2) that clamps the bar stock (7) moves, so that the chuck (2) that clamps the bar stock (7) moves downward with the bar stock (7), and the bar stock (7) is alternately driven downward by N chucks (2) to realize the feeding of the bar stock (7). As the bar stock (7) is continuously fed, the plastic material is extruded along the extrusion channel (6-1) at the bottom of the shoulder tool (6) and deposited on the surface of the workpiece to form a deposition layer.

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