Restoping method for separate mining of multiple veins

Abstract

The stoping method comprises the following steps: dividing an ore body according to a preset distance value along the trend of the ore body to obtain a plurality of mining panels, and performing stope division on each mining panel according to the veins to obtain a plurality of stopes; and after accurate mining cutting treatment is conducted on the multiple mining panels, layered stoping and filling are conducted on the mining panels according to the stope division result till mining of all the mining panels is completed. According to the method, optimization and adjustment of the stoping process are achieved, effective separate mining of the veins in the stoping range is ensured, separate packaging, separate transportation and separate extraction of the mined veins are achieved, a solid guarantee is provided for subsequent mineral separation work, and the mining efficiency is improved. A series of problems that minerals cannot be separately mined and transported in the conventional large-scale mining process are effectively solved, and a solid foundation is laid for sustainable development of mines.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of mining, and in particular relates to a recovery method for mining multiple ore veins. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of my country's economic construction, the demand for mineral resources is also increasing. In this context, some minerals that were not paid much attention to before have also begun to be given development value because they exist in the upper and lower plates of high-value resources. The mining and utilization of these minerals can not only meet my country's growing demand for mineral resources, but also bring more opportunities for my country's economic development. Therefore, the effective development of these minerals has become an indispensable part of the development and utilization of my country's mineral resources.

[0003] The development of these resources usually follows the principle of unified development, that is, mining together with the original high-value resources. The idea of ​​this method is to consider and plan all resources as a unified whole, so that large-scale and intensive mining can be achieved, which can not only improve the efficiency of resource development, but also reduce development costs and maximize the utilization of resources. Therefore, this unified development principle is a very effective development method in resource development.

[0004] However, although the above method has achieved certain results in resource exploitation, it has not fully considered the importance of sub-mining, resulting in the inability to achieve effective physical separation between the veins. This problem will bring great troubles to the subsequent mineral processing links, not only greatly increasing the cost of mineral processing, but also having an adverse effect on the quality of the selected products. Among the currently disclosed technologies, there is no method that can effectively solve the problem of sub-mining at the source of multiple veins. The existence of this problem limits the mining quality of mineral resources and also puts higher requirements on subsequent mineral processing technology research. Therefore, it is urgent to provide a recovery method suitable for sub-mining of multiple veins to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a recovery method for multiple ore veins to solve the problems existing in the above prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for recovering multiple mineral veins, comprising:

[0007] Divide the ore body according to the preset distance value along the ore body strike to obtain several mining areas, and divide each mining area into stopes according to the ore vein to obtain several stopes;

[0008] After the mining and cutting of several mining panels are completed, the mining panels are mined and filled in layers according to the mining field division results until the mining of all mining panels is completed.

[0009] Optionally, the length of the mining panel is 60-80m, and panel-interval columns are arranged on both sides, the panel-interval columns are arranged in the vertical direction of the ore body, and the thickness of the panel-interval columns is 4m.

[0010] Optionally, each mining area is divided into mining areas according to the distribution and occurrence of ore veins to obtain several mining areas, including an upper plate mining area, several middle mining areas and a lower plate mining area.

[0011] Optionally, the process of performing the pre-cutting process on a plurality of stopes includes:

[0012] A segmented horizontal tunnel is arranged at a preset distance below the lower plate mining vein, and excavated at the intersection of the segmented horizontal tunnel and the horizontal middle position of each mining panel to the end of the upper plate mining vein to obtain a mining panel connecting tunnel; a pedestrian filling return air shaft is excavated upward in sections from the end of the mining panel connecting tunnel; in several mining areas of each mining panel, a bottom pulling tunnel is excavated from the mining panel connecting tunnel to both sides to the inter-panel column to form a bottom pulling cutting space; a chute is set below the segmented horizontal tunnel for every two mining panel lengths, and the chute is connected with the segmented horizontal tunnel through the chute connecting tunnel.

[0013] Optionally, each mining panel is layered and segmented in the vertical direction, and the mining is carried out layer by layer from bottom to top, and the mining field connecting tunnels are excavated to several layered end points at the end of the upper wall mining field vein.

[0014] Optionally, each layer is mined and filled in the order of upper plate stope, middle stope and lower plate stope.

[0015] Optionally, the process of carrying out stratified mining and filling of the mining panel according to the stope division result includes:

[0016] In each layer, the bottom cutting space is used as the blasting space and mined by top pressure controlled blasting. After the upper plate mining area and the middle mining area are mined, high-strength cementing is used to fill the goaf until the filling strength requirements are met; after the lower plate mining area is mined, the bottom is filled with waste rock or whole tailings, and the upper part is filled with high-strength cementing.

[0017] Optionally, the process of stratified mining includes: using a shovel loader to unload the ore from each mining area, loading the ore in the bottom tunnel, and pouring it into the ore chute through the mining area connecting tunnel, the segmented horizontal tunnel, and the chute connecting tunnel in sequence.

[0018] Optionally, the strength of the high-strength bond between the upper plate stope, the middle stope and the lower plate stope is not less than 1.5 MPa.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0020] The present invention divides the ore body along the ore body strike according to a preset distance value to obtain a plurality of mining units, and divides each mining unit into a stope according to the ore vein to obtain a plurality of stopes; after the plurality of mining units are subjected to mining and cutting processing, the mining units are subjected to layered mining and filling according to the stope division results until the mining of all the mining units is completed.

[0021] The present invention provides a recovery method suitable for multi-vein mining, which not only realizes the optimization adjustment of the recovery process and ensures the effective recovery of the veins within the recovery range, but also realizes the packaging, transportation and extraction of the mined veins, providing a solid guarantee for the subsequent mineral processing and sorting work, and effectively solves a series of problems such as the inability to separate and transport minerals that occurred in the previous large-scale mining process, thus laying a solid foundation for the sustainable development of mines. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present application are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of two adjacent stopes according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 A schematic top view of a stope according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 A side view schematic diagram of a stope according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Reference numerals:

[0027] 1. Inter-panel columns; 2. Upper-pan mining area; 3. Lower-pan mining area; 4. Middle mining area; 5. Mining area connecting tunnels; 6. Segmented horizontal tunnels; 7. Pedestrian filling return air shaft; 8. Chute connecting tunnels; 9. Chute; 10. Bottom tunnel; 11. Segmentation; 12. Layering; 13. Mining pan area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0029] It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowcharts of the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer executable instructions, and that, although a logical order is shown in the flowcharts, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in an order different from that shown here.

[0030] Embodiment 1

[0031] like Figure 1-3 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for recovering multiple mineral veins, including:

[0032] S1. Regardless of the ore veins, multiple ore veins are divided into mining areas along the strike direction, and production is organized with the mining area as the mining unit;

[0033] S2. In the designated mining area, it is divided into multiple mining areas (hanging mining area, middle mining area and lower mining area) according to the occurrence of the ore veins;

[0034] S3, carrying out the mining and cutting work for the multiple mining areas after division;

[0035] S4, using shallow hole drilling and blasting to firstly mine the upper plate stope, and then backfill after mining;

[0036] S5. After the filling strength of the upper stope meets the requirements, the middle stope is mined by shallow hole drilling and blasting, and backfilling is performed after the mining is completed;

[0037] S6. After the filling strength of the middle stope meets the requirements, the lower stope is mined, and filling is performed after the mining is completed;

[0038] S7. The above S4-S6 work is all carried out in one layer with a layer height of 4m. After the entire layer mining and filling cycle is completed, it will move to the previous layer to start a new cycle.

[0039] To further optimize the solution, in step S1, the ore veins are not divided, the mining panel 13 is arranged along the strike, the production is organized with the panel as the mining unit, and the length of the mining panel 13 is 60m-80m.

[0040] According to the distribution characteristics of the ore veins, multiple mining areas are divided in sequence from the upper plate to the lower plate according to their occurrence.

[0041] To further optimize the plan, inter-panel columns 1 are set every 60-80m in the direction vertical to the ore body. The thickness of the inter-panel columns 1 is 4m, and the mining area is located between two adjacent inter-panel columns 1.

[0042] Further optimization scheme, when there are multiple ore veins in the mining area 13, it can be divided into upper plate stope 2, middle stope 3 and lower plate stope 4; middle stope 3 can be set according to the number of ore veins, and the number can be one or more; the stope width is the thickness of the ore vein, the length is 60m-80m, the height of the segment 11 is 20m, and the height of the layer 12 is 4m. The segmented level tunnel 6 is mainly used as a connecting channel for multiple mining areas.

[0043] Specifically, in the stratified mining, the bottom of the stope is both the ore-exit level and the rock-drilling level, and shallow holes are used to drop the ore to meet the requirements of stratified mining. The main engineering layout is as follows:

[0044] According to the economic climbing angle of the trackless equipment, a segmented horizontal tunnel 6 is arranged about 50m away from the lower plate ore vein; in the middle position of the mining plate area, a mining field connecting tunnel 5 is excavated from the segmented horizontal tunnel 6 to the ore vein to the end of the ore vein in the upper plate; in order to form the second safe, ventilated and filling exit of the mining field, a pedestrian filling return air shaft 7 is excavated upward in sections at the end of the mining field connecting tunnel 5; in each mining field, a bottom pull tunnel 10 is excavated from the mining field connecting tunnel 5 to both sides to the plate interval column 1 to form a bottom pull cutting space; in order to facilitate the mining of the ore vein, a chute 9 is set every 2 mining plates, and the chute 9 and the segmented horizontal tunnel 6 are connected through the chute connecting tunnel 8.

[0045] To further optimize the plan, for the upper mining area 2: utilize the bottom tunnel as the blasting space, drill shallow holes in the horizontal tunnels, and manually charge and blast the ore to recover the ore; for the middle mining area 3: utilize the bottom tunnel as the blasting space, drill shallow holes in the horizontal tunnels, and manually charge and blast the ore to recover the ore; for the lower mining area 4: utilize the bottom tunnel as the blasting space, drill shallow holes in the horizontal tunnels, and manually charge and blast the ore to recover the ore.

[0046] Specifically, the main rock drilling parameters are as follows: mining is carried out by top pressure controlled blasting. The drilling trolley drills parallel holes with a diameter of 38mm and a hole depth of about 3.0. The normal spacing between top pressure blast holes is 1.4-1.8m, and the row spacing is 0.6-1.0m. In order to effectively form the arch of the roof, ensure the stability of the roof of the mining area, and reduce the damage to the adjacent mining areas, the spacing between the eye holes around the arch is 0.8-1.4m. In addition, in order to reduce the large block rate, the top pressure blast holes are staggered, the explosive energy is evenly distributed in the ore body, the energy utilization rate is high, and the ore block size under blasting is relatively uniform.

[0047] Further optimization scheme, the upper plate stope 2, the middle stope 3 and the lower plate stope 4 in the mining plate area 13 are independently mined, and mining is withdrawn from the upper plate to the lower plate in sequence, that is, the upper plate first, then the middle, and finally the lower plate. The ore types or qualities of each ore vein are different, and the upper plate stope 2, the middle stope 3 and the lower plate stope 4 are mined separately, which can effectively solve the problem of separate mining.

[0048] Specifically, the upper stope 2 is mined first, and backfilling is performed immediately after the mining is completed. After the backfilling strength meets the requirements, the middle stope 3 is mined.

[0049] Specifically, after the mining of the upper stope 2 is completed, the goaf is filled immediately, and high-strength cemented filling is carried out at the full height of the stope. This is more important for the mining of the middle stope 3, which can ensure that the filling body and other ore veins are not mixed into the stope, causing dilution and mixed mining. After the filling meets the requirements, the middle stope 3 can be mined.

[0050] Specifically, the middle stope 3 is mined secondly, and after the mining is completed, filling is carried out. After the filling strength meets the requirements, the lower stope 4 is finally mined.

[0051] Specifically, after the mining of the middle stope 3 is completed, the goaf is filled immediately, and high-strength cemented filling is performed at the full height of the stope, which is important for the mining of the lower plate stope 4, and can ensure that the filling body and other ore veins are not mixed into the stope, causing dilution and mixed mining. After the filling meets the requirements, the lower plate stope 4 can be mined.

[0052] Specifically, the lower plate stope 4 is finally mined, and after the mining is completed, filling is carried out. After the filling strength meets the requirements, the mining is carried out in the upper layer.

[0053] To further optimize the scheme, the strength of the high-strength filling body in the upper plate stope 2, the middle stope 3 and the lower plate stope 4 shall not be less than 1.5MPa. High-proportion cemented filling shall be used for the upper plate stope 2 and the lower plate stope 3; different proportions shall be used for different parts of the lower plate stope 4 when filling, so as to meet the strength requirements and save filling costs.

[0054] Specifically, the filling retaining wall that blocks the tunnel in the middle stope 4 has a height of not less than 4m, and the strength of the non-cemented filling body in the middle stope 4 is not less than 0.5MPa.

[0055] Specifically, after the mining of the lower plate stope 4 is completed, the goaf is filled immediately. The bottom 3.6m of the stope is filled with waste rock or tailings, and the upper 0.4m is a rubber surface layer, which uses high-strength cement filling to provide guarantee for the operation of trackless equipment. After the filling meets the requirements, this mining area will be transferred to the mining of the upper layer.

[0056] The ore mined in each mining area is unloaded by a shovel loader, loaded in the bottom tunnel, and poured into the ore chute 9 through the mining area connecting tunnel 5, the segmented horizontal tunnel 6, and the chute connecting tunnel 8. The exposure time of the goaf is shortened during mining, thereby reducing the collapse of ore rock and filling caused by the exposure of the goaf and reducing the mixing of ore and filling.

[0057] The present invention meticulously divides each independent mining disk area 13 into an upper plate stope 2, an intermediate stope 3, and a lower plate stope 4, forming three independent mining units. The first step focuses on the mining of the upper plate stope 2. After the mining operation is completed, a high-strength cementing filling material will be used to treat the formed goaf, and ensure that the filling strength meets the requirements. Then the intermediate stope 3 will be mined, using the same treatment method as the goaf of the upper plate stope 2, and finally the mining operation of the lower plate stope 4 will be carried out. When the mining of the lower plate stope 4 is completed, a filling material with lower strength is selected at the bottom to treat the goaf, and a high-strength filling material is selected at the top for filling to ensure that the strength can meet the operation of the trackless equipment.

[0058] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0059] The above are only preferred specific implementations of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for recovering multiple mineral veins, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Divide the ore body according to the preset distance value along the ore body strike to obtain several mining areas, and divide each mining area into stopes according to the ore vein to obtain several stopes; After the mining and cutting of several mining panels are completed, the mining panels are mined and filled in layers according to the mining field division results until the mining of all mining panels is completed.

2. The method for recovering multiple mineral veins according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the mining panel is 60-80m, and panel-to-panel columns are arranged on both sides. The panel-to-panel columns are arranged in the vertical direction of the ore body, and the thickness of the panel-to-panel columns is 4m.

3. The method for recovering multiple mineral veins according to claim 1, characterized in that: According to the distribution and occurrence of ore veins, each mining area is divided into several mining areas, including an upper plate mining area, several middle mining areas and a lower plate mining area.

4. The method for recovering multiple mineral veins according to claim 3, characterized in that: The process of preparing and cutting several stopes includes: A segmented horizontal tunnel is arranged at a preset distance below the lower plate mining vein, and excavated at the intersection of the segmented horizontal tunnel and the lateral middle position of each mining panel to the end of the upper plate mining vein to obtain a mining panel connecting tunnel; a pedestrian filling return air shaft is excavated upward in sections from the end of the mining panel connecting tunnel; in several mining areas of each mining panel, a bottom pulling tunnel is excavated from the mining panel connecting tunnel to both sides to the inter-panel column to form a bottom pulling cutting space; a chute is set below the segmented horizontal tunnel for every two mining panel lengths, and the chute is connected with the segmented horizontal tunnel through the chute connecting tunnel.

5. The method for recovering multiple mineral veins according to claim 4, characterized in that: Each mining panel is layered and segmented in the vertical direction, and is mined layer by layer from bottom to top. The mining field connecting tunnels are excavated to several layer end points at the end of the upper wall mining field vein.

6. The method for recovering multiple mineral veins according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mining and filling of each layer shall be carried out in the order of upper plate mining area, middle mining area and lower plate mining area.

7. The method for recovering multiple mineral veins according to claim 6, characterized in that: The process of carrying out stratified mining and filling of the mining panel area according to the stope division result includes: In each layer, the bottom cutting space is used as the blasting space and mined by top pressure controlled blasting. After the upper plate mining area and the middle mining area are mined, high-strength cementing is used to fill the goaf until the filling strength requirements are met; after the lower plate mining area is mined, the bottom is filled with waste rock or whole tailings, and the upper part is filled with high-strength cementing.

8. The method for recovering multiple mineral veins according to claim 7, characterized in that: The process of stratified mining includes: the ore mined in each mining area is unloaded by a shovel loader, loaded in the bottom tunnel, and poured into the ore chute through the mining area connecting tunnel, segmented horizontal tunnel, and chute connecting tunnel in turn.

9. The method for recovering multiple mineral veins according to claim 3, characterized in that: The strength of the high-strength cementation between the upper plate mining area, the middle mining area and the lower plate mining area shall not be less than 1.5MPa.

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