Low-temperature power unit and low-temperature power engine
By introducing a cryogenic liquid reservoir and cooler into the Stirling engine, combining the sliding piston and chamber structure, the problem of low mechanical efficiency and reliance on additional heating sources is solved, and efficient cyclic movement and work without external heat sources are achieved .
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411360306.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-27
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-20
AI Technical Summary
Traditional Sterling engines are not mechanically efficient and require additional heating and cooling sources to form a temperature difference in order to operate.
A low-temperature power unit is designed, including a low-temperature liquid reservoir, a cooler, a cylinder, a heat recharger and a heat exchanger. The cooling and heat exchange of gas are achieved through the arrangement of the low-temperature liquid storage and cooler, and the sliding piston and chamber are used. The structure realizes the expansion and compression of the gas, forms a cyclic movement, promotes the reciprocating movement of the sliding piston, and achieves continuous work without additional heating sources.
It improves mechanical efficiency, realizes the circulation and work of the heat absorbed in the air without additional heating sources, improves heat exchange efficiency, and reduces dependence on external heat sources.
Smart Images
Figure CN119163520A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of engines, and in particular to a low-temperature power unit and a low-temperature power engine. Background Art
[0002] The traditional Stirling engine is a closed-cycle reciprocating power machine that can be combined with any heat source such as conventional energy, solar energy, nuclear energy, etc. It has the advantages of compact structure, simple system, rapid start-up, and modular layout.
[0003] However, its defects are also obvious. For example, the mechanical efficiency is not high, in which the circulation system dissipates most of the heat into the air, and less energy is provided to the working parts of the machine; for another example, it requires an additional heat source for continuous heating and a cooling source for continuous cooling to form a temperature difference in order to operate. Summary of the invention
[0004] The present invention provides a low-temperature power unit and a low-temperature power engine, which solve the problems in the prior art that the Stirling engine requires an additional heating source and a cooling source and has low mechanical efficiency.
[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a low-temperature power unit, comprising:
[0006] Cryogenic liquid storage tanks;
[0007] a cooler, disposed in the cryogenic liquid storage tank;
[0008] A cylinder having a sliding piston, wherein the sliding piston divides an inner cavity of the cylinder into a first chamber and a second chamber, wherein the first chamber is connected to one end of the cooler;
[0009] a regenerator, one end of which is connected to the other end of the cooler;
[0010] a heat exchanger, one end of which is in communication with the other end of the regenerator, and the other end of the heat exchanger is in communication with the second chamber;
[0011] Wherein, the low-temperature liquid storage is also communicated with the heat exchanger.
[0012] The cryogenic power unit provided according to the present invention comprises a liquid one-way valve, the inlet of the liquid one-way valve is communicated with the cooler, and the inlet of the liquid one-way valve is communicated with the cryogenic liquid storage.
[0013] According to the cryogenic power unit provided by the present invention, the cryogenic liquid storage device stores cryogenic liquid, and the cryogenic liquid includes liquid nitrogen, liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen, liquid methane, liquid argon or liquid helium.
[0014] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a low-temperature power engine, comprising the low-temperature power unit described in the first aspect.
[0015] The present invention provides a low-temperature power unit, which can store low-temperature liquid by setting a low-temperature liquid storage device; can cool the circulating gas by setting a cooler, and at the same time, setting the cooler in the low-temperature liquid storage device can speed up the cooling of the cooler and improve the cooling efficiency; can cool the gas temperature in the cooler, which is close to the temperature of the low-temperature liquid; can perform work on the outside and convert the gas thermal energy into mechanical energy by setting a first chamber and a second chamber, and respectively communicating with the cooler, the regenerator and the heat exchanger, so as to realize the gas in the loop. Expansion and compression, thereby driving the reciprocating motion of the sliding piston; through the setting of the regenerator, a pressure difference can be achieved at both ends, thereby realizing the forward and reverse flow of the circulating gas; through the setting of the heat exchanger, the low-temperature gas introduced into the heat exchanger can be heat exchanged with the outside air or water, thereby rising to a certain temperature, and finally expanding to do work; when the sliding piston is pushed to one end, due to the reverse pressure difference at both ends of the regenerator, the circulating gas is prompted to flow in the opposite direction, thereby continuing to drive the sliding piston to move in the opposite direction, and so on and so forth, ultimately achieving a circulating motion without an additional heating source, and continuously doing work to the outside.
[0016] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.
[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a state where the sliding piston is extended outwards in a positive cycle of the low-temperature power unit provided by the present invention;
[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the inward contraction state of the sliding piston in the reverse cycle of the low-temperature power unit provided by the present invention.
[0020] Reference numerals:
[0021] 1. Low-temperature liquid storage tank; 2. Cooler; 3. Cylinder; 301. First chamber; 302. Second chamber; 4. Sliding piston; 5. Heat exchanger; 6. Regenerator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0022] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0023] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc., are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0024] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.
[0025] In the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the first feature being "above" or "below" the second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "above" and "above" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "below", "below" and "below" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.
[0026] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiment of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms are not directed to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.
[0027] Combine the following Figure 1 to Figure 2 The embodiments shown describe the technical solution of the present invention:
[0028] The embodiment of the present invention provides a low-temperature power unit, comprising: a low-temperature liquid storage 1, a cooler 2, a cylinder 3, a regenerator 6 and a heat exchanger 5; wherein the cooler 2 is arranged in the low-temperature liquid storage 1; the cylinder 3 has a sliding piston 4, and the sliding piston 4 divides the inner cavity of the cylinder 3 into a first chamber 301 and a second chamber 302, and the first chamber 301 is connected to one end of the cooler 2; one end of the regenerator 6 is connected to the other end of the cooler 2; one end of the heat exchanger 5 is connected to the other end of the regenerator 6, and the other end of the heat exchanger 5 is connected to the second chamber 302;
[0029] The cryogenic liquid storage tank 1 is also connected to the heat exchanger 5 .
[0030] In the present embodiment, the cryogenic liquid storage 1 may be a liquid nitrogen tank, which has a vacuum insulation structure. The cryogenic liquid may be liquid nitrogen, liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen, liquid methane, liquid argon or liquid helium. In the present embodiment, liquid nitrogen is preferred. Liquid nitrogen is liquid nitrogen with an extremely low temperature (-196°C), and is colorless, odorless, non-toxic and non-flammable. It has good stability and is suitable for serving as a closed internal circulation gas. The cooler 2 is a passage container with a plurality of heat sinks or heat pipes, which can quickly dissipate the high-temperature gas entering the cooler 2 and perform heat exchange with liquid nitrogen, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency. The cylinder 3 may be a single cylinder or multiple cylinders. In the present embodiment, a single cylinder is preferred. The sliding piston 4 divides the inner cavity of the cylinder 3 into a first chamber 301 and a second chamber 302. The circulating gas expands or contracts in the first chamber 301 and the second chamber 302, respectively.
[0031] The heat exchanger 5 is a set of copper heat conducting sheets, which can realize rapid heat exchange between the internal circulating gas and the external air or water, thereby increasing the circulating gas temperature and pressure value;
[0032] The regenerator 6 is a device that uses the pressure difference on both sides of the working fluid to provide fluid flow during the heat exchange process. In closed-cycle engines and refrigerators, the regenerator is one of the key components. It stores and releases heat through the filler (such as wire mesh) inside the regenerator, thereby driving the forward and reverse flow of the circulating fluid, further improving the thermal efficiency of the system and realizing the motion cycle. Figure 1 As described above, the air pressure at the C end of the regenerator 6 in the figure is higher than the air pressure at the D end. When the air pressure difference at the two ends is greater than the conduction air pressure threshold of the regenerator 6 itself, the regenerator 6 is turned on, and the circulating gas flows from the C end to the D end until the pressure difference on both sides is equal to the conduction air pressure threshold. At this time, due to the heating of the circulating gas by the heat exchanger 5, the temperature of the circulating gas becomes higher and the air pressure increases, thereby filling the entire second chamber 302, pushing the sliding piston 4 to move from the B end of the cylinder 3 to the A end. During the movement of the sliding piston 4, the air pressure in the second chamber 302, the pipeline and the heat exchanger 5 will gradually decrease. When the sliding piston 4 moves to the A end (such as Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the air pressure in the second chamber 302, the pipeline and the heat exchanger 5 is lower than the air pressure in the cryogenic liquid storage 1. At this time, the low-temperature nitrogen in the cryogenic liquid storage 1 will enter the heat exchanger 5 through the pipeline. Since the temperature of the low-temperature nitrogen is generally around -186°C, it will quickly cool the high-temperature gas in the heat exchanger 5 (about 20°C) to -85°C, thereby reducing the air pressure in the second chamber 302, the pipeline and the heat exchanger 5. At this time, since the gas in the first chamber 301 flows back to the cooler 2 (immersed in liquid nitrogen), the gas temperature at the C end of the regenerator 6 is cooled to -190°C, thereby quickly reducing the air pressure at the C end of the regenerator 6, and the air pressure at the D end is -85°C. There is a large temperature difference between the two ends, so that the gas at the D end breaks through the air pressure threshold of the regenerator 6 and moves to the C end; thereby causing the sliding piston 4 to continue to move from the A end to the B end, forming a complete cycle, returning to the original position, and performing external work as a whole. This cycle can achieve the situation that no additional heat source is needed, that is, when the heat of the air is absorbed, the work is done externally in a cycle. After the low-temperature power unit reaches equilibrium, the heat value absorbed from the air is exactly equal to the work value done externally.
[0033] The embodiment of the present invention can store cryogenic liquid by setting up the cryogenic liquid storage device 1; can cool the circulating gas by setting up the cooler 2, and at the same time, setting the cooler 2 in the cryogenic liquid storage device 1 can accelerate the cooling of the cooler 2 and improve the cooling efficiency; can do work on the outside by setting up the cylinder 3 and the sliding piston 4, and convert the thermal energy of the gas into mechanical energy; can realize the expansion and contraction of the gas in the circuit by setting up the first chamber 301 and the second chamber 302, and respectively communicating with the cooler 2, the regenerator 6 and the heat exchanger 5, and then promote the reciprocating motion of the sliding piston 4; The setting of the regenerator 6 can achieve a pressure difference at its two ends, thereby realizing forward and reverse flow of the circulating gas; through the setting of the heat exchanger 5, the low-temperature gas introduced into the heat exchanger 5 can be heat exchanged with the external air or water, thereby rising to a certain temperature and finally expanding to do work; when the sliding piston 4 is pushed to one end, since the reverse pressure difference at both ends of the regenerator 6 is greater than the pressure threshold of the regenerator 6 allowing the gas to pass, the circulating gas is prompted to flow in the reverse direction, thereby continuing to push the sliding piston 4 to move in the reverse direction, and so on and so forth, ultimately achieving a circulating motion and continuous external work without an additional heating source.
[0034] According to the low temperature power unit provided by the embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 to Figure 2 As shown, it also includes a liquid one-way valve, the inlet of the liquid one-way valve is connected to the cooler 2, and the inlet of the liquid one-way valve is connected to the low-temperature liquid storage 1.
[0035] In this embodiment, the purpose of setting the liquid one-way valve is to reintroduce part of the liquefied gas in the cooler 2 into the cryogenic liquid storage tank 1, and finally achieve the balance of the change of gas content in the main circulation pipeline through the pipeline between the cryogenic liquid storage tank 1 and the heat exchanger 5.
[0036] According to the low temperature power unit provided by the embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 to Figure 2 As shown, the cryogenic liquid storage 1 stores cryogenic liquid, and the cryogenic liquid includes liquid nitrogen, liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen, liquid methane, liquid argon or liquid helium.
[0037] The present invention also provides a low-temperature power engine, including the low-temperature power unit described above, and also including a power transmission part of the engine. The cylinder 3 and the sliding piston 4 of the low-temperature power unit serve as the power part of the engine and perform work externally; the end of the sliding piston 4 is connected to the crankshaft and the flywheel to achieve continuous rotation; it can also be connected to a linear motor for power generation. Of course, multiple cylinders 3 can be provided to achieve high-power output of power. Specifically, each group of coolers and heat exchangers can be connected to the first chamber and the second chamber of different cylinders as needed.
[0038] In a traditional Stirling engine, part of the heat absorbed by the combustion of fuel is used for mechanical work, and the other part is taken away by the cooling water or cooling air in the cooler, so the thermal efficiency is relatively low.
[0039] The low temperature power unit provided by the present invention absorbs heat from the air, part of which is used for mechanical work, and the other part is absorbed by the cooler and transferred to the low temperature liquid, and this part of heat is returned to the heat exchanger part. The heated part can also be divided into two parts, one part absorbs heat from the air, and the other part expands again from the heat flowing out of the cooler.
[0040] The traditional Stirling engine heating chamber contains gas, which cannot form a temperature gradient or the temperature difference is small. If there is liquid and gas evaporated from the liquid in the Stirling engine heating gun, the heat exchanger is far away from the low-temperature liquid storage or the pipe is thin and the heat conducted is small, then a large temperature difference can be formed between the liquid and the gas, and the temperature of the liquid is basically constant.
[0041] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. A cryogenic power unit, It is characterized in that include: Cryogenic liquid storage tanks; a cooler, disposed in the cryogenic liquid storage tank; A cylinder having a sliding piston, wherein the sliding piston divides an inner cavity of the cylinder into a first chamber and a second chamber, wherein the first chamber is connected to one end of the cooler; a regenerator, one end of which is connected to the other end of the cooler; a heat exchanger, one end of which is in communication with the other end of the regenerator, and the other end of the heat exchanger is in communication with the second chamber; Wherein, the low-temperature liquid storage is also communicated with the heat exchanger.
2. The cryogenic power unit according to claim 1, It is characterized in that A liquid one-way valve is included, wherein the inlet of the liquid one-way valve is communicated with the cooler, and the inlet of the liquid one-way valve is communicated with the low-temperature liquid reservoir.
3. The cryogenic power unit according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The cryogenic liquid storage device stores a cryogenic liquid, and the cryogenic liquid includes liquid nitrogen, liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen, liquid methane, liquid argon or liquid helium.
4. A cryogenic power engine, It is characterized in that It comprises a low-temperature power unit as described in any one of claims 1 to 3.