An indirect heat exchange management system and method based on eight-way and five-way water valves

Abstract

This invention discloses an indirect heat exchange thermal management system based on an eight-way and a five-way water valve, including a refrigerant circuit, an eight-way water valve, and a five-way water valve. The refrigerant circuit consists of a compressor, a water-cooled condenser, a liquid receiver, a throttling expansion valve, and a plate evaporator. The output end of the compressor is connected to the refrigerant input end of the water-cooled condenser. The refrigerant output end of the water-cooled condenser is connected to the refrigerant input end of the plate evaporator via the liquid receiver and the throttling expansion valve. The refrigerant output end of the plate evaporator is connected to the input end of the compressor. The indirect heat exchange thermal management system proposed in this invention solves the problems of smooth switching of refrigerant flow direction and flow regulation and distribution in various modes. It has rich functions, a compact integrated design with the refrigerant valve island, and can adjust the refrigerant flow direction and flow distribution by rotating the water valve to meet the functions of cooling, heating, dehumidification, battery heating, forced battery cooling, low-temperature battery heat dissipation, battery temperature equalization self-circulation, and waste heat recovery. By connecting the thermal management system into a whole through the eight-way valve, it can effectively deliver energy from each circuit to the appropriate place, reduce energy loss, and thus extend the vehicle's driving range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of thermal management system technology for new energy vehicles, and in particular to an indirect heat exchange thermal management system and method for new energy vehicles based on eight-way and five-way water valves. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the thermal management systems of new energy vehicles mainly use R134a and R1234yf as refrigerants. R134a has an ODP of 0 but a GWP of 1300; R1234yf has an ODP of 0 and a GWP of 4, but it is very expensive and not easily widely adopted. Due to the Kigali Amendment, R134a will be gradually phased out. Currently, the main alternative refrigerants are R744 and R290. R744 has an ODP of 0 and a GWP of 1, while R290 has an ODP of 0 and a GWP of 3.3. Because R744 systems operate at higher pressures, have higher requirements for system components, and are more difficult to develop, systems using R290 are relatively easier to implement in new energy vehicles. However, R290 also has disadvantages, namely its flammability and explosiveness, and the charge amount needs to be controlled within a certain range. Existing automotive R290 systems generally use refrigerant for secondary heat exchange, but these systems are complex and have limited functionality. This invention uses an eight-way water valve to smoothly switch between various modes, integrated with the refrigerant valve island. It offers rich functionality in a compact size and solves the problems of refrigerant flow direction switching, flow rate adjustment, and distribution. Current R290 thermal management systems have poor heating capacity at low temperatures, typically requiring the use of a WPTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient Thermistor Heating System) to improve heating capacity. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide an indirect heat exchange management system and method based on eight-way and five-way water valves, so as to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0005] This application discloses an indirect heat exchange thermal management system based on an eight-way and a five-way water valve, including a refrigerant circuit, including an eight-way water valve and a five-way water valve;

[0006] The refrigerant circuit consists of a compressor, a water-cooled condenser, a liquid receiver, a throttling expansion valve, and a plate evaporator. The output end of the compressor is connected to the refrigerant input end of the water-cooled condenser. The refrigerant output end of the water-cooled condenser is connected to the refrigerant input end of the plate evaporator after passing through the liquid receiver and the throttling expansion valve. The refrigerant output end of the plate evaporator is connected to the input end of the compressor.

[0007] The eight-way water valve includes eight ports (a to h). Port a is connected to the input of the electric drive assembly, port b is connected to the input of the power battery, port c is connected to port h, port d is connected to the input of the air conditioner heating element, port e is connected to the refrigerant output of the water-cooled condenser, port f is connected to the input of the front-end radiator, port g is connected to the refrigerant output of the plate evaporator, and port h is connected to port c and the input of the air conditioner. The five-way water valve includes five ports (1, 2a, 2b, 3, and 4). Port 1 is connected to the refrigerant input of the water-cooled condenser, port 2a is connected to the output of the power battery, port 2b is connected to the output of the air conditioner, port 3 is connected to the refrigerant input of the plate evaporator, and port 4 is connected to the output of the electric drive assembly.

[0008] The output end of the front-end radiator is connected to the input end of the electric drive assembly; the output end of the air conditioning heating core is connected to the refrigerant input end of the water-cooled condenser.

[0009] The eight-way water valve has the following valve ports: port a forms a passage with ports b, c, d, e, g, and h; port f forms a passage with ports g, h, b, c, d, and e; port b forms a passage with ports a, c, d, e, and f; port c forms a passage with ports a, b, d, e, and f; port d forms a passage with ports a, b, c, d, and f; port e forms a passage with ports a, b, c, d, and f; port g forms a passage with ports h, a, and f; and port h forms a passage with ports a, f, and g.

[0010] The five-way water valve forms a passage between valve port 1 and valve ports 2a, 2b and 4 respectively; valve port 2a forms a passage between valve ports 1 and 3 respectively; valve port 2b forms a passage between valve ports 1 and 3 respectively; and valve port 3 forms a passage between valve ports 2a, 2b and 4 respectively.

[0011] The plate evaporator is equipped with a refrigerant inlet pump; the water-cooled condenser is equipped with a hot water pump; and the power battery is equipped with a battery water pump at its inlet.

[0012] Preferably, the compressor is provided with a bypass circuit, the input end and the output end of the bypass circuit are respectively connected to the output end and the input end of the compressor, and a bypass valve is provided on the bypass circuit.

[0013] The present invention also discloses a refrigeration method for an indirect heat exchange thermal management system based on an eight-way and a five-way water valve, including a single crew cabin refrigeration method, a crew cabin and battery hybrid refrigeration method, and a battery forced cooling method.

[0014] The single-occupant cabin cooling method specifically includes the following steps:

[0015] A1. When the compressor starts working, it compresses the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant vapor into high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant vapor and flows through the water-cooled condenser to release heat and condense into room-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant. The heat is then transferred to the refrigerant in the water-cooled condenser.

[0016] A2. Open the passage between the e and f ports of the eight-way water valve, and open the passage between the 4 and 1 ports of the five-way water valve. The refrigerant of the water-cooled condenser flows into the e port of the eight-way water valve and out through the f port. Then it enters the front radiator to release heat into the atmosphere, then flows through the electric drive assembly and enters the 4 port of the five-way water valve and out through the 1 port. Then it enters the hot water pump and then enters the water-cooled condenser again.

[0017] A3. The room temperature high pressure liquid refrigerant from step A1 enters the throttling expansion valve through the liquid receiver tank and becomes a low temperature low pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant. Then it enters the plate evaporator to absorb the heat of the heat transfer fluid in the plate evaporator and vaporizes into a low temperature low pressure gaseous refrigerant, which then returns to the compressor.

[0018] A4. Open the passage between valve port g and valve port h of the eight-way water valve, and open the passage between valve port 2b and valve port 3 of the five-way water valve; the refrigerant of the plate evaporator enters the eight-way water valve through valve port g and flows out through valve port h, then enters the air conditioning refrigeration unit to absorb heat from the passenger compartment air and its temperature rises, then flows into valve port 2b of the five-way water valve and flows out through valve port 3 to enter the refrigerant water pump and return to the plate evaporator;

[0019] The hybrid cooling method for the passenger compartment and battery specifically includes the following steps:

[0020] B1. When the compressor starts working, it compresses the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant vapor into high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant vapor and flows through the water-cooled condenser to release heat and condense into room-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant, transferring heat to the refrigerant in the water-cooled condenser.

[0021] B2. Open the passage between the e and f ports of the eight-way water valve, and open the passage between the 4 and 1 ports of the five-way water valve. The refrigerant of the water-cooled condenser flows into the e port of the eight-way water valve and out through the f port. Then it enters the front radiator to release heat into the atmosphere, then flows through the electric drive assembly and enters the 4 port of the five-way water valve and out through the 1 port. Then it enters the hot water pump and then enters the water-cooled condenser again.

[0022] B3. The room temperature high pressure liquid refrigerant from step B1 enters the throttling expansion valve through the liquid receiver to become a low temperature low pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant. Then it enters the plate evaporator to absorb the heat of the heat transfer fluid in the plate evaporator and vaporizes into a low temperature low pressure gaseous refrigerant, which then returns to the compressor.

[0023] B4. Open the passage between valve ports g and h, and between valve ports c and b of the eight-way water valve; open the passage between valve ports 2b and 3, and between valve ports 2a and 3 of the five-way water valve; the refrigerant of the plate evaporator enters the eight-way water valve through valve port g and flows out through valve port h, then splits into two paths. One path enters the air conditioning refrigeration unit to absorb heat from the passenger compartment air, and its temperature rises. It then flows into valve port 2b of the five-way water valve, flows out through valve port 3, enters the refrigerant pump, and returns to the plate evaporator. The other path enters valve port c of the eight-way water valve, flows out through valve port b, flows into the power battery assembly through the battery water pump, absorbs heat, and its temperature rises. It then flows out through valve port 2a of the five-way water valve, flows out through valve port 3, enters the refrigerant pump, and returns to the plate evaporator.

[0024] The battery forced cooling method specifically includes the following steps:

[0025] C1. When the compressor starts working, it compresses the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant vapor into high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant vapor and flows through the water-cooled condenser to release heat and condense into room-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant, transferring heat to the refrigerant in the water-cooled condenser.

[0026] C2. Open the passage between the e and f ports of the eight-way water valve, and open the passage between the 4 and 1 ports of the five-way water valve. The refrigerant of the water-cooled condenser flows into the e port of the eight-way water valve and out through the f port. Then it enters the front radiator to release heat into the atmosphere, then flows through the electric drive assembly and enters the 4 port of the five-way water valve and out through the 1 port. Then it enters the hot water pump and then enters the water-cooled condenser again.

[0027] C3. The room temperature high pressure liquid refrigerant from step C1 enters the throttling expansion valve through the liquid receiver to become a low temperature low pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant. Then it enters the plate evaporator to absorb the heat of the heat transfer fluid in the plate evaporator and vaporizes into a low temperature low pressure gaseous refrigerant, which then returns to the compressor.

[0028] C4. Open the passage between valve port g and valve port h of the eight-way water valve, as well as the passage between valve port c and valve port b. Open the passage between valve port 2a and valve port 3 of the five-way water valve. The refrigerant of the plate evaporator enters the eight-way water valve through valve port g and flows out through valve port h. It then enters the eight-way water valve through valve port c and flows out through valve port b. After passing through the battery water pump, it flows into the power battery assembly, absorbs heat, and its temperature rises. Subsequently, it flows out through valve port 3 of the five-way water valve through valve port 2a and enters the refrigerant water pump, returning to the plate evaporator.

[0029] This invention also discloses a heating method for an indirect heat exchange thermal management system based on eight-way and five-way water valves, including a crew cabin heating and dehumidification method, a crew cabin heat pump heating method, a hot air bypass heating method, and a battery heating method.

[0030] The crew cabin heating and dehumidification method specifically includes the following steps:

[0031] D1. When the compressor starts working, it compresses the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant vapor into high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant vapor and flows through the water-cooled condenser to release heat and condense into room-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant. The heat is then transferred to the refrigerant in the water-cooled condenser.

[0032] D2. Open the passage between valve port e and valve port d of the eight-way water valve. The refrigerant of the water-cooled condenser flows into valve port e of the eight-way water valve and flows out from valve port d. Then it enters the air conditioning heating core and releases heat into the passenger cabin air. After the temperature of the refrigerant drops, it flows back into the water-cooled condenser through the hot water pump.

[0033] D3. The room temperature high pressure liquid refrigerant from step D1 enters the throttling expansion valve through the liquid receiver to become a low temperature low pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant. Then it enters the plate evaporator to absorb the heat of the heat transfer fluid in the plate evaporator and vaporizes into a low temperature low pressure gaseous refrigerant, which then returns to the compressor.

[0034] D4. Open the passage between valves g and h of the eight-way water valve and between valves g and f. Open the passage between valves 4 and 3 of the five-way water valve and between valves 2b and 3. The refrigerant in the plate evaporator enters through valve g and then splits into two paths. One path flows out from valve h of the eight-way water valve, enters the air conditioning refrigeration unit to absorb heat from the passenger compartment air, and then flows into valve 2b of the five-way water valve, flows out from valve 3, enters the refrigerant pump, and returns to the plate evaporator. The other path flows out from valve f of the eight-way water valve, absorbs atmospheric heat through the front radiator, and then absorbs heat through the electric drive assembly before flowing into valve 4 of the five-way water valve, flows out from valve 3, enters the refrigerant pump, and returns to the plate evaporator.

[0035] The crew cabin heat pump heating method specifically includes the following steps:

[0036] E1. When the compressor starts working, it compresses the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant vapor into high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant vapor and flows through the water-cooled condenser to release heat and condense into room-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant, transferring heat to the refrigerant in the water-cooled condenser.

[0037] E2. Open the passage between the e and d ports of the eight-way water valve. The refrigerant of the water-cooled condenser flows into the e port of the eight-way water valve and out from the d port. Then it enters the air conditioning heating core and releases heat into the passenger cabin air. After the temperature of the refrigerant drops, it flows back into the water-cooled condenser through the hot water pump.

[0038] E3. The room temperature high pressure liquid refrigerant from step E1 enters the throttling expansion valve through the liquid receiver tank and becomes a low temperature low pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant. Then it enters the plate evaporator to absorb the heat of the heat transfer fluid in the plate evaporator and vaporizes into a low temperature low pressure gaseous refrigerant, which then returns to the compressor.

[0039] E4. Open the passage between valve port g and valve port f of the eight-way water valve, and open the passage between valve port 4 and valve port 3 of the five-way water valve; the refrigerant of the plate evaporator enters through valve port g and flows out through valve port f. After absorbing atmospheric heat through the front radiator, the temperature rises. Then, after absorbing heat through the electric drive assembly, it flows into the five-way water valve through valve port 4 and flows out through valve port 3 into the chilled water pump, returning to the plate evaporator.

[0040] The hot air bypass heating method specifically includes the following steps:

[0041] F1. When the compressor starts working, it mixes the low-temperature, low-pressure two-phase refrigerant with the high-temperature, low-pressure gaseous refrigerant and then draws it in and compresses it into high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant vapor, which is divided into two paths. One path flows through the water-cooled condenser, releases heat, and condenses into room-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant, transferring the heat to the refrigerant in the water-cooled condenser. The other path enters the bypass circuit, is depressurized, and returns to the compressor suction port as high-temperature, low-pressure gaseous refrigerant.

[0042] F2. Open the passage between the e and d ports of the eight-way water valve. The refrigerant of the water-cooled condenser flows into the e port of the eight-way water valve and out from the d port. Then it enters the air conditioning heating core and releases heat into the passenger cabin air. After the refrigerant temperature drops, it flows back into the water-cooled condenser through the hot water pump.

[0043] F3. The room temperature high pressure liquid refrigerant in step F1 enters the throttling expansion valve through the liquid storage tank and becomes a low temperature low pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant. Then, it absorbs heat and vaporizes into a low temperature low pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant through the plate evaporator and returns to the compressor.

[0044] F4. Open the passage between valve port g and valve port f of the eight-way water valve, and open the passage between valve port 4 and valve port 3 of the five-way water valve; the refrigerant of the plate evaporator enters through valve port g and flows out through valve port f. After absorbing atmospheric heat through the front-end radiator, the temperature rises. Then, after absorbing heat through the electric drive assembly, it flows into the five-way water valve through valve port 4 and flows out through valve port 3 into the refrigerant water pump, returning to the plate evaporator.

[0045] The battery heating method specifically includes the following steps:

[0046] G1. When the compressor starts working, it compresses the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant vapor into high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant vapor and flows through the water-cooled condenser to release heat and condense into room-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant. The heat is then transferred to the refrigerant in the water-cooled condenser.

[0047] G2. Open the passage between the e-port and the b-port of the eight-way water valve. The refrigerant of the water-cooled condenser flows into the e-port of the eight-way water valve and flows out from the b-port. Then, it enters the power battery assembly through the battery water pump to release heat into the power battery. After the temperature of the refrigerant drops, it flows back into the water-cooled condenser through the hot water pump.

[0048] G3. The room temperature high pressure liquid refrigerant from step G1 enters the throttling expansion valve through the liquid receiver tank and becomes a low temperature low pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant. Then it enters the plate evaporator to absorb the heat of the heat transfer fluid in the plate evaporator and vaporizes into a low temperature low pressure gaseous refrigerant, which then returns to the compressor.

[0049] G4. Open the passage between port g and port f of the eight-way water valve, and open the passage between port 4 and port 3 of the five-way water valve; the refrigerant of the plate evaporator enters through port g and flows out through port f of the eight-way water valve. After absorbing atmospheric heat through the front-end radiator, its temperature rises. Then, after absorbing heat through the electric drive assembly, it flows in through port 4 of the five-way water valve and flows out through port 3 into the chilled water pump, returning to the plate evaporator.

[0050] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0051] 1. The indirect heat exchange thermal management system proposed in this invention solves the problems of smooth switching of refrigerant flow direction in various modes, as well as flow rate regulation and distribution; it is feature-rich; its integrated design with the refrigerant valve island results in a compact size; it can adjust the refrigerant flow direction and flow rate distribution by rotating the water valve to meet the functions of cooling, heating, dehumidification, battery heating, forced battery cooling, low-temperature battery heat dissipation, battery temperature equalization self-circulation, and waste heat recovery loops; the thermal management system is connected into a whole by an eight-way water valve, which can effectively deliver energy from each loop to the appropriate place, reduce energy loss, and thus extend the vehicle's driving range; the hot gas bypass circulation proposed in this invention can improve the heating capacity under low-temperature conditions, meet heating needs without WPTC, reduce manufacturing costs, and reduce carbon emissions.

[0052] 2. This invention can isolate R290 refrigerant outside the passenger compartment, integrate the R290 heat pump with the valve island to minimize the refrigerant charge and reduce the risk of flammability and explosion; the indoor refrigerator and the front evaporator radiator pipes use low-pressure refrigerant, which can reduce the cost of components; compared with traditional heat pump waste heat recovery, it improves the safety factor and COP, and is more environmentally friendly and energy-saving.

[0053] 3. The 8-way water valve proposed in this invention can achieve the following functions: port a can form 6 channels with ports b, c, d, e, g, and h; port f can also form 6 channels with ports g, h, b, c, d, and e; port b can form 5 channels with ports a, c, d, e, and f; port c can form 5 channels with ports a, b, d, e, and f; port d can form 5 channels with ports a, b, c, e, and f; port e can form 5 channels with ports a, b, c, d, and f; port g can form 3 channels with ports h, a, and f; port h can form 3 channels with ports a, f, and g, for a total of 19 channels. This allows for a reduction in the number of water valves, improved system integration, reduced component size, and lower costs; it also enables energy scheduling for conventional heat pumps and electric battery thermal systems.

[0054] 4. Compared with existing indirect heat exchange management systems, the indirect heat exchange management system proposed in this invention has an additional hot gas bypass loop when operating the hot gas bypass heating method, which can improve the system's heating capacity at low ambient temperatures. Specifically, when the ambient temperature is low, the evaporation pressure of the heat pump system decreases, and the corresponding evaporation temperature decreases. At this time, the refrigerant's specific volume increases, and the mass of refrigerant compressed by the compressor per unit time decreases rapidly, i.e., the mass flow rate decreases rapidly. The enthalpy of the refrigerant per unit mass increases, and the compressor's discharge temperature soars, but the heating capacity decreases. This is because the heating capacity is the product of the refrigerant's mass flow rate and enthalpy; a rapid decrease in one multiplier and a slight increase in the other leads to a decrease in the product, i.e., the heating capacity. The low-pressure, high-temperature refrigerant bypassing the suction port through the bypass valve mixes with the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant returning through the electronic expansion valve, reducing the refrigerant's specific volume, increasing the mass flow rate of the refrigerant passing through the compressor, increasing the compressor's compression power, and thus improving the heating capacity.

[0055] 1. The water loop of the present invention can achieve normal operation of single crew cabin cooling, crew cabin and battery mixed cooling, crew cabin heating and dehumidification, crew cabin heat pump heating, and battery forced cooling using only 2 main water pumps and 1 battery loop compensation water pump. Compared with other indirect heat exchange systems that require 3 main water pumps, it has lower power consumption and lower cost.

[0056] The features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail through embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0057] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an indirect heat exchange thermal management system for new energy vehicles based on eight-way and five-way water valves according to the present invention.

[0058] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the single-occupant cabin cooling mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the hybrid cooling mode of the crew cabin and battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the battery forced cooling mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the crew cabin heating and dehumidification mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the crew cabin heat pump heating mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the hot air bypass heating mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the battery heating mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the electric drive and electric control heat dissipation mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the battery module temperature equalization self-circulation mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the battery low-temperature heat dissipation mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the waste heat recovery mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the electric drive and electric control waste heat recovery mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the electric drive heating battery mode according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0071] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. However, it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and technologies are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concept of the invention.

[0072] See Figure 1 This invention provides an indirect heat exchange thermal management system for new energy vehicles based on an eight-way and a five-way water valve, including a refrigerant circuit and an eight-way and a five-way water valve.

[0073] The refrigerant circuit consists of a compressor, a water-cooled condenser, a liquid receiver, a throttling expansion valve, and a plate evaporator. The output end of the compressor is connected to the refrigerant input end of the water-cooled condenser. The refrigerant output end of the water-cooled condenser is connected to the refrigerant input end of the plate evaporator after passing through the liquid receiver and the throttling expansion valve. The refrigerant output end of the plate evaporator is connected to the input end of the compressor.

[0074] The eight-way water valve includes eight ports (a to h). Port a is connected to the input of the electric drive assembly, port b is connected to the input of the power battery, port c is connected to port h, port d is connected to the input of the air conditioner heating element, port e is connected to the refrigerant output of the water-cooled condenser, port f is connected to the input of the front-end radiator, port g is connected to the refrigerant output of the plate evaporator, and port h is connected to port c and the input of the air conditioner. The five-way water valve includes five ports (1, 2a, 2b, 3, and 4). Port 1 is connected to the refrigerant input of the water-cooled condenser, port 2a is connected to the output of the power battery, port 2b is connected to the output of the air conditioner, port 3 is connected to the refrigerant input of the plate evaporator, and port 4 is connected to the output of the electric drive assembly.

[0075] The output end of the front-end radiator is connected to the input end of the electric drive assembly; the output end of the air conditioning heating core is connected to the refrigerant input end of the water-cooled condenser.

[0076] In one feasible embodiment, the eight-way water valve forms a passage between valve port a and valve ports b, c, d, e, g, and h respectively; valve port f forms a passage between valve ports g, h, b, c, d, and e respectively; valve port b forms a passage between valve ports a, c, d, e, and f respectively; valve port c forms a passage between valve ports a, b, d, e, and f respectively; valve port d forms a passage between valve ports a, b, c, d, and f respectively; valve port e forms a passage between valve ports a, b, c, d, and f respectively; valve port g forms a passage between valve ports h, a, and f respectively; and valve port h forms a passage between valve ports a, f, and g respectively.

[0077] In one feasible embodiment, valve port 1 of the five-way water valve forms a passage with valve ports 2a, 2b and 4 respectively; valve port 2a forms a passage with valve ports 1 and 3 respectively; valve port 2b forms a passage with valve ports 1 and 3 respectively; and valve port 3 forms a passage with valve ports 2a, 2b and 4 respectively.

[0078] In one feasible embodiment, the plate evaporator is equipped with a refrigerant inlet pump; the water-cooled condenser is equipped with a hot water pump at its refrigerant inlet. The power battery is equipped with a battery water pump at its inlet.

[0079] In one feasible embodiment, a bypass circuit is provided at the compressor, the input end and the output end of the bypass circuit are respectively connected to the output end and the input end of the compressor, and a bypass valve is provided on the bypass circuit.

[0080] In one feasible embodiment, the b-port of the eight-way water valve is also connected to the output terminal of the power battery.

[0081] This invention discloses an indirect heat exchange thermal management system for new energy vehicles based on eight-way and five-way water valves, comprising the following 12 operating methods:

[0082] (1) Forced cooling of R290 heat pump system:

[0083] a. Single-occupant cabin cooling mode: See [link / reference] Figure 2 After the compressor starts, the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant vapor is drawn into the compressor and compressed into high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant vapor, which is then discharged to the water-cooled condenser to release heat and condense into room-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant. Simultaneously, heat is transferred to the refrigerant. As the refrigerant temperature rises, it flows into port e of the eight-way valve and out through port f, then enters the front-end radiator to release heat into the atmosphere. After the refrigerant temperature drops, it flows through the electric drive assembly to absorb some heat and then enters port 4 of the five-way valve, out through port 1, and then enters the hot water pump. It then re-enters the water-cooled condenser, and this cycle repeats, transferring heat from the refrigerant to the atmosphere. On the other hand, the room-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant mentioned above enters the electronic expansion tank via the liquid receiver. The EXV throttling expansion valve carries a low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant. It then enters the plate evaporator (Chiller) to absorb the heat of the refrigerant and vaporize into a low-temperature, low-pressure gaseous refrigerant. It then enters the compressor and is compressed again into a high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant. This cycle repeats to extract cooling capacity. After the refrigerant absorbs heat in the Chiller and its temperature drops, it enters the eight-way valve through port g and flows out through port h. It then enters the air conditioning unit to absorb heat from the passenger compartment air and its temperature rises. It then flows into the five-way valve through port 2b and flows out through port 3 to the refrigerant water pump. Finally, it enters the Chiller again, and this cycle repeats continuously to remove heat from the passenger compartment air and cool it down.

[0084] b. Hybrid cooling mode of passenger compartment and battery: See [link / reference] Figure 3After the compressor starts, the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant vapor is drawn into the compressor and compressed into high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant vapor, which is then discharged to the water-cooled condenser to release heat and condense into room-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant. Simultaneously, heat is transferred to the heat transfer fluid. As the heat transfer fluid's temperature rises, it flows into the eight-way valve (port e) and out through port f, then enters the front-end radiator to release heat into the atmosphere. After the heat transfer fluid's temperature drops, it flows through the electric drive assembly, absorbs some heat, and then enters the five-way valve (port 4) and out through port 1, subsequently entering the hot water pump. It then re-enters the water-cooled condenser, and this cycle repeats, transferring heat from the refrigerant to the atmosphere. On the other hand, the room-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant mentioned above enters the electronic expansion valve (EXV) via the liquid receiver tank, becoming a low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant. It then enters the chiller to absorb heat from the heat transfer fluid and vaporizes into a low-temperature, low-pressure gas. The refrigerant then enters the compressor and is compressed again into a high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant, thus repeating the cycle to absorb cooling capacity. After absorbing heat in the chiller, the refrigerant temperature drops and flows through port g into the eight-way valve, exiting from port h. It then splits into two paths. One path enters the air conditioning unit to absorb heat from the passenger compartment air, causing its temperature to rise. It then flows into port 2b of the five-way valve, exiting from port 3 and entering the cooling water pump. Finally, it re-enters the chiller, continuously repeating the cycle to remove heat from the passenger compartment air and cool it down. The other path enters port c of the eight-way valve, exiting from port b, flowing through the battery water pump into the power battery assembly to absorb heat, causing its temperature to rise. It then flows through port 2a of the five-way valve, exiting from port 3 and entering the cooling water pump. It re-enters the chiller, continuously repeating the cycle to remove heat from the power battery and cool it down.

[0085] c. Forced battery cooling: See [link / reference] Figure 4After the compressor starts, low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant vapor is drawn into the compressor and compressed into high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant vapor, which is then discharged to the water-cooled condenser to release heat and condense into room-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant. Simultaneously, heat is transferred to the refrigerant. As the refrigerant temperature rises, it flows into port e of the eight-way valve and out through port f, then enters the front-end radiator to release heat into the atmosphere. After the refrigerant temperature drops, it flows through the electric drive assembly to absorb some heat and then enters port 4 of the five-way valve, out through port 1, and then enters the hot water pump. It then re-enters the water-cooled condenser, and this cycle repeats, transferring heat from the refrigerant to the atmosphere. On the other hand, the aforementioned room-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the electronic expansion valve via the receiver tank. The EXV expansion valve holds a low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant. The refrigerant then enters the chiller, absorbing heat from the coolant and vaporizing into a low-temperature, low-pressure gaseous refrigerant. It then enters the compressor and is compressed again into a high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant, repeating this cycle to extract cooling capacity. The coolant, having absorbed heat in the chiller, cools down and flows through port g into an eight-way valve, exiting from port h. It then enters port c of the eight-way valve, exiting from port b, and flows into the power battery assembly via the battery water pump. After absorbing heat, its temperature rises, and it then flows through port 2a of the five-way valve, exiting from port 3 into the cooling water pump. It then re-enters the chiller, and this cycle continues, continuously carrying away heat from the power battery to cool it down.

[0086] (2) Forced heating in R290 heat pump system:

[0087] a. Crew cabin heating and dehumidification: See [link / reference] Figure 5After the compressor starts, the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant vapor is drawn into the compressor and compressed into high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant vapor, which is then discharged to the water-cooled condenser to release heat and condense into room-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant. Simultaneously, heat is transferred to the refrigerant, causing its temperature to rise. The refrigerant then flows into port e of the eight-way valve and out through port d, subsequently entering the air conditioning heating core to release heat into the passenger compartment air. After the refrigerant temperature drops, it flows back into the water-cooled condenser via the hot water pump, repeating this cycle to absorb heat and heat the passenger compartment air. On the other hand, the aforementioned room-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the electronic expansion valve EXV through the receiver tank, becoming a low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant. It then enters the chiller to absorb heat from the refrigerant and vaporizes into a low-temperature, low-pressure gaseous refrigerant, which is then compressed again into a high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant in the compressor. The refrigerant, in this cycle, continuously absorbs cooling capacity. After absorbing heat in the chiller, the refrigerant temperature drops and enters through port g, then splits into two paths. One path flows out through port h of the eight-way valve, enters the air conditioning unit to absorb heat from the passenger compartment air, and its temperature rises. It then flows into port 2b of the five-way valve and out through port 3 to enter the cooling water pump. Finally, it re-enters the chiller, and the cycle continues, continuously removing heat and moisture from the passenger compartment air to cool and dehumidify it. The other path flows out through port f of the eight-way valve, absorbs atmospheric heat through the front radiator, and its temperature rises. It then absorbs heat through the electric drive assembly, flows into the five-way valve through port 4 and out through port 3 to enter the cooling water pump, and re-enters the chiller, and the cycle continues, continuously transferring heat from the atmosphere and the electric drive assembly to the passenger compartment after the heat pump improves its quality.

[0088] b. Passenger cabin heat pump heating: See [link / reference] Figure 6 After the compressor starts, the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant vapor is drawn into the compressor and compressed into high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant vapor, which is then discharged to the water-cooled condenser to release heat and condense into room-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant. Simultaneously, heat is transferred to the refrigerant. As the refrigerant temperature rises, it flows into port e of the eight-way valve and out through port d, subsequently entering the air conditioning heating core to release heat into the passenger compartment air. After the refrigerant temperature drops, it flows back into the water-cooled condenser via the hot water pump, thus repeating the cycle to extract heat and heat the passenger compartment air. On the other hand, the aforementioned room-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the electronic expansion valve EXV via the liquid receiver, forming a low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase system. The refrigerant then enters the chiller to absorb heat from the secondary refrigerant and vaporizes into a low-temperature, low-pressure gaseous refrigerant. It then enters the compressor and is compressed again into a high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant, thus repeating the cycle to extract heat. After the secondary refrigerant releases heat in the chiller and its temperature drops, it flows out through port g into port f of an eight-way valve. After absorbing heat from the atmosphere through the front radiator, its temperature rises. It then absorbs heat again through the electric drive assembly and flows in through port 4 of a five-way valve and out through port 3 into the chilled water pump. It then enters the chiller again, and so on, continuously transferring the heat from the atmosphere and the electric drive assembly to the crew compartment to extract heat after the heat pump improves its quality.

[0089] c. Hot air bypass heating: See [link / reference] Figure 7 After the compressor starts, the low-temperature, low-pressure two-phase refrigerant mixes with the high-temperature, low-pressure gaseous refrigerant and is drawn into the compressor, where it is compressed into high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant vapor. This vapor is then divided into two paths: one path is discharged to the water-cooled condenser to release heat and condense into room-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant; the other path bypasses and depressurizes, returning to the compressor's suction port. Simultaneously, heat is transferred to the refrigerant. As the refrigerant temperature rises, it flows into port e of the eight-way valve and out through port d, then enters the air conditioning heating core to release heat into the passenger compartment air. After the refrigerant temperature drops, it flows back into the water-cooled condenser via the hot water pump, thus repeating the cycle to extract heat and heat the passenger compartment air. On the other hand, the aforementioned room-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the electronic expansion valve EXV through the receiver tank, becoming a low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant. It then absorbs a small amount of heat through the chiller and vaporizes into a drier low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant. This vapor then enters the compressor and mixes with the low-pressure, high-temperature gaseous refrigerant, becoming superheated saturated vapor, which is then compressed again into high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant, thus repeating the cycle to extract heat. After the refrigerant that releases heat in the Chiller cools down, it flows out through port g into port f of the eight-way valve. After absorbing heat from the atmosphere through the front radiator, its temperature rises. Then, after absorbing heat again through the electric drive assembly, it flows in through port 4 of the five-way valve and out through port 3 into the cooling water pump. It then enters the Chiller again, and so on. The heat from the atmosphere and the electric drive assembly is transferred to the crew compartment to generate heat after being upgraded by the high-grade electrical energy input into the heat pump.

[0090] It should be noted that when the ambient temperature is low, the evaporation pressure and temperature of the heat pump system decrease. At this time, the specific volume of the refrigerant increases, and the mass of refrigerant compressed by the compressor per unit time decreases rapidly (i.e., the mass flow rate decreases rapidly). The enthalpy per unit mass of refrigerant increases, and the compressor discharge temperature spikes. However, the heating capacity decreases. This is because the heating capacity is the product of the refrigerant's mass flow rate and enthalpy; a decrease in one multiplier and a slight increase in the other leads to a decrease in the product of the two, resulting in a decrease in the heating capacity. The low-pressure, high-temperature refrigerant bypassing the suction port mixes with the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant returning through the electronic expansion valve, reducing the specific volume of the refrigerant and increasing the mass flow rate of the refrigerant passing through the compressor. This increases the compressor's compression power, thereby increasing the heating capacity.

[0091] d. Battery heating mode: See below Figure 8After the compressor starts, the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant vapor is drawn into the compressor and compressed into high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant vapor, which is then discharged to the water-cooled condenser to release heat and condense into room-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant. Simultaneously, heat is transferred to the refrigerant. As the refrigerant temperature rises, it flows into port e of the eight-way valve and out through port b. It then passes through the battery water pump into the power battery assembly, releasing heat into the battery. After the refrigerant temperature drops, it flows back into the water-cooled condenser via the hot water pump, thus repeating the cycle to extract heat and heat the power battery. On the other hand, the aforementioned room-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the electronic expansion valve EXV through the liquid storage tank, becoming a low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid mixture. The refrigerant then enters the chiller to absorb heat from the refrigerant and vaporizes into a low-temperature, low-pressure gaseous refrigerant. It then enters the compressor and is compressed again into a high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant, repeating this cycle to extract cooling capacity. The refrigerant, having absorbed heat in the chiller, decreases in temperature and flows out through port g into port f of an eight-way valve. After absorbing heat from the atmosphere through the front-end radiator, its temperature rises. It then absorbs heat again through the electric drive assembly and flows in through port 4 of a five-way valve, exiting through port 3 into the cooling water pump. It then re-enters the chiller, continuously cycling through the chiller. The heat pump enhances the quality of the heat from the atmosphere and the electric drive assembly, transferring it to the power battery to raise its temperature.

[0092] (3) Natural cooling:

[0093] a. Electric drive and electronic control cooling: See [link / reference] Figure 9 After the vehicle starts, the refrigerant enters the electric drive assembly, absorbs heat, and its temperature rises. It then flows from port 4 into the five-way valve, out through port 3, into the refrigerant water pump, through the chiller, and then from port g into port f of the eight-way valve. It then enters the front-end heat exchanger, releases heat to the atmosphere, and its temperature decreases. Finally, it re-enters the electric drive assembly to absorb heat, and this cycle repeats continuously to cool the electric drive assembly. In this mode, no heat exchange occurs between the refrigerant flowing through the chiller and the water-cooled condenser.

[0094] b. Battery module temperature equalization self-circulation: See [link / reference] Figure 10 After the vehicle starts, the refrigerant enters the electric drive assembly, absorbs heat, and its temperature rises. It then flows from port 4 into the five-way valve, out through port 3, into the refrigerant water pump, through the chiller, and then from port g into port a of the eight-way valve, before flowing back into the electric drive assembly to absorb heat again. This cycle repeats, continuously increasing the temperature of the electric drive assembly. In this mode, no heat exchange occurs between the refrigerant flowing through the chiller and the water-cooled condenser.

[0095] c. Battery low-temperature heat dissipation: See [link / reference] Figure 11After the vehicle starts, the refrigerant enters the battery pack, absorbs heat, and its temperature rises. It then flows from port 2a into the five-way valve, out through port 3, into the cooling water pump, through the chiller, and then into the eight-way valve (port g) and out through port f. It then enters the front-end evaporator to release heat and lower its temperature. Afterward, it enters the electric drive assembly, absorbs some heat, and then enters the five-way valve (port 4) again, then out through port 1 into the hot water pump. Next, it enters the water-cooled condenser, then enters the eight-way valve (port e) again, out through port b, and enters the battery water pump. Finally, it returns to the battery pack, continuously cycling to lower the battery temperature. In this mode, no heat exchange occurs between the refrigerant flowing through the chiller and the water-cooled condenser.

[0096] (4) Waste heat recovery:

[0097] a. Waste heat recovery: See [link / reference] Figure 12 After the compressor starts, low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant vapor is drawn into the compressor and compressed into high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant vapor, which is then discharged to the water-cooled condenser to release heat and condense into room-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant. Simultaneously, heat is transferred to the secondary refrigerant. As the secondary refrigerant temperature rises, it flows into the eight-way valve (port e) and splits into two paths. One path flows out from port d and then into the air conditioning heating core to release heat into the passenger compartment air. After the secondary refrigerant temperature drops, it flows back into the water-cooled condenser via the hot water pump, thus repeating the cycle to extract heat and heat the passenger compartment air. The other path flows out from port b, passes through the battery water pump, enters the power battery assembly, and after the secondary refrigerant temperature drops, it flows back into the water-cooled condenser via the hot water pump, thus repeating the cycle to extract heat and heat the power battery. On one hand, the above-mentioned room-temperature high-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the electronic expansion valve EXV through the liquid tank, becoming a low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant. It then enters the Chiller to absorb heat from the refrigerant and vaporizes into a low-temperature, low-pressure gaseous refrigerant. Next, it enters the compressor and is compressed again into a high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant. This cycle repeats to generate cooling capacity. After the refrigerant absorbs heat in the Chiller and its temperature drops, it flows out through port g into port a of the eight-way valve. It then absorbs heat again through the electric drive assembly and flows in through port 4 of the five-way valve and out through port 3 into the cooling water pump. It then enters the Chiller again, and this cycle repeats continuously. The heat from the atmosphere and the electric drive assembly is improved by the heat pump and then transferred to the passenger compartment and the power battery to generate heat.

[0098] b. Electric drive and electronic control waste heat recovery: See [link / reference] Figure 13After the compressor starts, low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant vapor is drawn into the compressor and compressed into high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant vapor, which is then discharged to the water-cooled condenser to release heat and condense into room-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant. Simultaneously, heat is transferred to the refrigerant. As the refrigerant temperature rises, it flows into port e of the eight-way valve and then out through port b, passing through the battery water pump into the power battery assembly. After the refrigerant temperature drops, it flows back into the water-cooled condenser via the hot water pump to be heated, thus repeating the cycle to extract heat and heat the power battery. On the other hand, the aforementioned room-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the electronic expansion valve EXV throttling expansion valve via the liquid receiver tank. The refrigerant is a low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant. It then enters the chiller to absorb heat from the refrigerant and vaporizes into a low-temperature, low-pressure gaseous refrigerant. It then enters the compressor and is compressed again into a high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant. This cycle repeats to generate cooling capacity. After the refrigerant absorbs heat in the chiller and its temperature drops, it flows out through port g into port a of an eight-way valve. It then absorbs heat again in the electric drive assembly and flows in through port 4 of a five-way valve and out through port 3 into the chilled water pump. It then enters the chiller again, and this cycle repeats continuously. The heat from the electric drive assembly is upgraded by the heat pump and then transferred to the power battery to generate heat.

[0099] c. Electric heating battery: See [link / reference] Figure 14 After the vehicle starts, the refrigerant enters the electric drive assembly, absorbs heat, and its temperature rises. It then flows from port 4 into the five-way valve, out through port 1, into the hot water pump, passes through the water-cooled condenser, and then flows from port e into port a of the eight-way valve, flowing out through port a. After being boosted by the battery water pump, it enters the power battery assembly to heat the battery. The cooled refrigerant then flows from port 2a into port 3 of the five-way valve and into the cooling water pump. It then passes through the chiller, enters the eight-way valve from port g, flows out through port a, and re-enters the electric drive assembly to absorb heat. This cycle repeats continuously, heating the power battery until the temperature reaches the target level. In this mode, no heat exchange occurs between the refrigerant flowing through the chiller and the water-cooled condenser.

[0100] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An indirect heat exchange thermal management system based on eight-way and five-way water valves, comprising a refrigerant circuit, characterized in that: Including eight-way water valves and five-way water valves; The refrigerant circuit consists of a compressor, a water-cooled condenser, a liquid receiver, a throttling expansion valve, and a plate evaporator. The output end of the compressor is connected to the refrigerant input end of the water-cooled condenser. The refrigerant output end of the water-cooled condenser is connected to the refrigerant input end of the plate evaporator after passing through the liquid receiver and the throttling expansion valve. The refrigerant output end of the plate evaporator is connected to the input end of the compressor. The eight-way water valve includes eight ports (a to h). Port a is connected to the input of the electric drive assembly, port b is connected to the input of the power battery, port c is connected to port h, port d is connected to the input of the air conditioner heating element, port e is connected to the refrigerant output of the water-cooled condenser, port f is connected to the input of the front-end radiator, port g is connected to the refrigerant output of the plate evaporator, and port h is connected to port c and the input of the air conditioner. The five-way water valve includes five ports (1, 2a, 2b, 3, and 4). Port 1 is connected to the refrigerant input of the water-cooled condenser, port 2a is connected to the output of the power battery, port 2b is connected to the output of the air conditioner, port 3 is connected to the refrigerant input of the plate evaporator, and port 4 is connected to the output of the electric drive assembly. The output end of the front-end radiator is connected to the input end of the electric drive assembly; the output end of the air conditioning heating core is connected to the refrigerant input end of the water-cooled condenser. The eight-way water valve has the following valve ports: port a forms a passage with ports b, c, d, e, g, and h; port f forms a passage with ports g, h, b, c, d, and e; port b forms a passage with ports a, c, d, e, and f; port c forms a passage with ports a, b, d, e, and f; port d forms a passage with ports a, b, c, d, and f; port e forms a passage with ports a, b, c, d, and f; port g forms a passage with ports h, a, and f; and port h forms a passage with ports a, f, and g. The five-way water valve forms a passage between valve port 1 and valve ports 2a, 2b and 4 respectively; valve port 2a forms a passage between valve ports 1 and 3 respectively; valve port 2b forms a passage between valve ports 1 and 3 respectively; and valve port 3 forms a passage between valve ports 2a, 2b and 4 respectively. The plate evaporator is equipped with a refrigerant inlet pump; the water-cooled condenser is equipped with a hot water pump; and the power battery is equipped with a battery water pump at its inlet.

2. The indirect heat exchange thermal management system based on eight-way and five-way water valves as described in claim 1, comprising a refrigerant circuit, characterized in that: The compressor is provided with a bypass circuit. The input end of the bypass circuit is connected to the output end of the compressor, and the output end of the bypass circuit is connected to the input end of the compressor. A bypass valve is provided on the bypass circuit.

3. The refrigeration method of the indirect heat exchange thermal management system based on eight-way and five-way water valves as described in claim 1, characterized in that, These include single-passenger-cabin cooling methods, hybrid cooling methods combining passenger cabin and battery, and forced battery cooling methods. The single-occupant cabin cooling method specifically includes the following steps: A1. When the compressor starts working, it compresses the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant vapor into high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant vapor and flows through the water-cooled condenser to release heat and condense into room-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant. The heat is then transferred to the refrigerant in the water-cooled condenser. A2. Open the passage between the e and f ports of the eight-way water valve, and open the passage between the 4 and 1 ports of the five-way water valve. The refrigerant of the water-cooled condenser flows into the e port of the eight-way water valve and out through the f port. Then it enters the front radiator to release heat into the atmosphere, then flows through the electric drive assembly and enters the 4 port of the five-way water valve and out through the 1 port. Then it enters the hot water pump and then enters the water-cooled condenser again. A3. The room temperature high pressure liquid refrigerant from step A1 enters the throttling expansion valve through the liquid receiver tank and becomes a low temperature low pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant. Then it enters the plate evaporator to absorb the heat of the heat transfer fluid in the plate evaporator and vaporizes into a low temperature low pressure gaseous refrigerant, which then returns to the compressor. A4. Open the passage between valve port g and valve port h of the eight-way water valve, and open the passage between valve port 2b and valve port 3 of the five-way water valve; the refrigerant of the plate evaporator enters the eight-way water valve through valve port g and flows out through valve port h, then enters the air conditioning refrigeration unit to absorb heat from the passenger compartment air and its temperature rises, then flows into valve port 2b of the five-way water valve and flows out through valve port 3 to enter the refrigerant water pump and return to the plate evaporator; The hybrid cooling method for the passenger compartment and battery specifically includes the following steps: B1. When the compressor starts working, it compresses the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant vapor into high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant vapor and flows through the water-cooled condenser to release heat and condense into room-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant, transferring heat to the refrigerant in the water-cooled condenser. B2. Open the passage between the e and f ports of the eight-way water valve, and open the passage between the 4 and 1 ports of the five-way water valve. The refrigerant of the water-cooled condenser flows into the e port of the eight-way water valve and out through the f port. Then it enters the front radiator to release heat into the atmosphere, then flows through the electric drive assembly and enters the 4 port of the five-way water valve and out through the 1 port. Then it enters the hot water pump and then enters the water-cooled condenser again. B3. The room temperature high pressure liquid refrigerant from step B1 enters the throttling expansion valve through the liquid receiver to become a low temperature low pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant. Then it enters the plate evaporator to absorb the heat of the heat transfer fluid in the plate evaporator and vaporizes into a low temperature low pressure gaseous refrigerant, which then returns to the compressor. B4. Open the passage between valve ports g and h, and between valve ports c and b of the eight-way water valve; open the passage between valve ports 2b and 3, and between valve ports 2a and 3 of the five-way water valve; the refrigerant of the plate evaporator enters the eight-way water valve through valve port g and flows out through valve port h, then splits into two paths. One path enters the air conditioning refrigeration unit to absorb heat from the passenger compartment air, and its temperature rises. Then it flows into valve port 2b of the five-way water valve, flows out through valve port 3, enters the refrigerant pump, and returns to the plate evaporator; the other path enters valve port c of the eight-way water valve, flows out through valve port b, flows into the power battery assembly through the battery water pump, absorbs heat, and its temperature rises. Then it flows out through valve port 2a of the five-way water valve, flows out through valve port 3, enters the refrigerant pump, and returns to the plate evaporator. The battery forced cooling method specifically includes the following steps: C1. When the compressor starts working, it compresses the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant vapor into high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant vapor and flows through the water-cooled condenser to release heat and condense into room-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant, transferring heat to the refrigerant in the water-cooled condenser. C2. Open the passage between the e and f ports of the eight-way water valve, and open the passage between the 4 and 1 ports of the five-way water valve. The refrigerant of the water-cooled condenser flows into the e port of the eight-way water valve and out through the f port. Then it enters the front radiator to release heat into the atmosphere, then flows through the electric drive assembly and enters the 4 port of the five-way water valve and out through the 1 port. Then it enters the hot water pump and then enters the water-cooled condenser again. C3. The room temperature high pressure liquid refrigerant from step C1 enters the throttling expansion valve through the liquid receiver to become a low temperature low pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant. Then it enters the plate evaporator to absorb the heat of the heat transfer fluid in the plate evaporator and vaporizes into a low temperature low pressure gaseous refrigerant, which then returns to the compressor. C4. Open the passage between valve port g and valve port h of the eight-way water valve, as well as the passage between valve port c and valve port b. Open the passage between valve port 2a and valve port 3 of the five-way water valve. The refrigerant of the plate evaporator enters the eight-way water valve through valve port g and flows out through valve port h. It then enters the eight-way water valve through valve port c and flows out through valve port b. After passing through the battery water pump, it flows into the power battery assembly, absorbs heat, and its temperature rises. Subsequently, it flows out through valve port 3 of the five-way water valve through valve port 2a and enters the refrigerant water pump, returning to the plate evaporator.

4. The heating method of the indirect heat exchange thermal management system based on eight-way and five-way water valves as described in claim 1, characterized in that, These include methods for heating and dehumidifying the passenger compartment, heat pump heating methods for the passenger compartment, hot air bypass heating methods, and battery heating methods. The crew cabin heating and dehumidification method specifically includes the following steps: D1. When the compressor starts working, it compresses the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant vapor into high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant vapor and flows through the water-cooled condenser to release heat and condense into room-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant. The heat is then transferred to the refrigerant in the water-cooled condenser. D2. Open the passage between valve port e and valve port d of the eight-way water valve. The refrigerant of the water-cooled condenser flows into valve port e of the eight-way water valve and flows out from valve port d. Then it enters the air conditioning heating core and releases heat into the passenger cabin air. After the temperature of the refrigerant drops, it flows back into the water-cooled condenser through the hot water pump. D3. The room temperature high pressure liquid refrigerant from step D1 enters the throttling expansion valve through the liquid receiver to become a low temperature low pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant. Then it enters the plate evaporator to absorb the heat of the heat transfer fluid in the plate evaporator and vaporizes into a low temperature low pressure gaseous refrigerant, which then returns to the compressor. D4. Open the passage between valves g and h of the eight-way water valve and between valves g and f. Open the passage between valves 4 and 3 of the five-way water valve and between valves 2b and 3. The refrigerant in the plate evaporator enters through valve g and then splits into two paths. One path flows out from valve h of the eight-way water valve, enters the air conditioning refrigeration unit to absorb heat from the passenger compartment air, and then flows into valve 2b of the five-way water valve, flows out from valve 3, enters the refrigerant pump, and returns to the plate evaporator. The other path flows out from valve f of the eight-way water valve, absorbs atmospheric heat through the front radiator, and then absorbs heat through the electric drive assembly before flowing into valve 4 of the five-way water valve, flows out from valve 3, enters the refrigerant pump, and returns to the plate evaporator. The crew cabin heat pump heating method specifically includes the following steps: E1. When the compressor starts working, it compresses the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant vapor into high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant vapor and flows through the water-cooled condenser to release heat and condense into room-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant, transferring heat to the refrigerant in the water-cooled condenser. E2. Open the passage between the e and d ports of the eight-way water valve. The refrigerant of the water-cooled condenser flows into the e port of the eight-way water valve and out from the d port. Then it enters the air conditioning heating core and releases heat into the passenger cabin air. After the temperature of the refrigerant drops, it flows back into the water-cooled condenser through the hot water pump. E3. The room temperature high pressure liquid refrigerant from step E1 enters the throttling expansion valve through the liquid receiver tank and becomes a low temperature low pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant. Then it enters the plate evaporator to absorb the heat of the heat transfer fluid in the plate evaporator and vaporizes into a low temperature low pressure gaseous refrigerant, which then returns to the compressor. E4. Open the passage between valve port g and valve port f of the eight-way water valve, and open the passage between valve port 4 and valve port 3 of the five-way water valve; the refrigerant of the plate evaporator enters through valve port g and flows out through valve port f. After absorbing atmospheric heat through the front radiator, the temperature rises. Then, after absorbing heat through the electric drive assembly, it flows into the five-way water valve through valve port 4 and flows out through valve port 3 into the chilled water pump, returning to the plate evaporator. The hot air bypass heating method specifically includes the following steps: F1. When the compressor starts working, it mixes the low-temperature, low-pressure two-phase refrigerant with the high-temperature, low-pressure gaseous refrigerant and then draws it in and compresses it into high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant vapor, which is divided into two paths. One path flows through the water-cooled condenser, releases heat, and condenses into room-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant, transferring the heat to the refrigerant in the water-cooled condenser. The other path enters the bypass circuit, is depressurized, and returns to the compressor suction port as high-temperature, low-pressure gaseous refrigerant. F2. Open the passage between the e and d ports of the eight-way water valve. The refrigerant of the water-cooled condenser flows into the e port of the eight-way water valve and out from the d port. Then it enters the air conditioning heating core and releases heat into the passenger cabin air. After the refrigerant temperature drops, it flows back into the water-cooled condenser through the hot water pump. F3. The room temperature high pressure liquid refrigerant in step F1 enters the throttling expansion valve through the liquid storage tank and becomes a low temperature low pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant. Then, it absorbs heat and vaporizes into a low temperature low pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant through the plate evaporator and returns to the compressor. F4. Open the passage between valve port g and valve port f of the eight-way water valve, and open the passage between valve port 4 and valve port 3 of the five-way water valve; the refrigerant of the plate evaporator enters through valve port g and flows out through valve port f. After absorbing atmospheric heat through the front radiator, the temperature rises. Then, after absorbing heat through the electric drive assembly, it flows into the five-way water valve through valve port 4 and flows out through valve port 3 into the chilled water pump, returning to the plate evaporator. The battery heating method specifically includes the following steps: G1. When the compressor starts working, it compresses the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant vapor into high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant vapor and flows through the water-cooled condenser to release heat and condense into room-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant. The heat is then transferred to the refrigerant in the water-cooled condenser. G2. Open the passage between the e-port and the b-port of the eight-way water valve. The refrigerant of the water-cooled condenser flows into the e-port of the eight-way water valve and flows out from the b-port. Then, it enters the power battery assembly through the battery water pump to release heat into the power battery. After the temperature of the refrigerant drops, it flows back into the water-cooled condenser through the hot water pump. G3. The room temperature high pressure liquid refrigerant from step G1 enters the throttling expansion valve through the liquid receiver tank and becomes a low temperature low pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant. Then it enters the plate evaporator to absorb the heat of the heat transfer fluid in the plate evaporator and vaporizes into a low temperature low pressure gaseous refrigerant, which then returns to the compressor. G4. Open the passage between the g and f ports of the eight-way water valve, and open the passage between the 4 and 3 ports of the five-way water valve; the refrigerant of the plate evaporator enters the f port of the eight-way water valve through the g port and flows out. After absorbing atmospheric heat through the front-end radiator, its temperature rises. Then, after absorbing heat through the electric drive assembly, it flows in through the 4 port of the five-way water valve and flows out through the 3 port into the refrigerant water pump, returning to the plate evaporator.

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