Experimental device and method for simulating erosion of electrode plate and refractory material of electric melting furnace

Abstract

The invention discloses an experimental device and method for simulating erosion of an electrode plate and a refractory material of an electric melting furnace, and relates to the technical field of experimental devices.The experimental device comprises a crucible, the electrode plate, a stirring mechanism, a muffle furnace and an electric control cabinet, the crucible is made of the refractory material, and molten glass is contained in the crucible; the electrode plates are arranged in the crucible and located below the liquid level of molten glass, a stirring mechanism is arranged in the crucible, alternating current equipment is arranged in the electric control cabinet, the two electrode plates are both electrically connected with the alternating current equipment, the crucible is arranged in the muffle furnace, and the muffle furnace and the alternating current equipment are both in communication connection with the electric control cabinet. The experimental device can be used for anti-erosion environment experimental simulation and analysis of an electrode plate material and a refractory material in the electric melting furnace device, and particularly can be used for carrying out a simulation experiment on a Joule heating ceramic electric melting furnace device for high-level liquid waste glass solidification, and anti-erosion results of the electrode plate and the refractory material are obtained through experimental analysis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of experimental devices, and in particular to an experimental device and method for simulating the erosion of an electrode plate and a refractory material of an electric melting furnace. Background Art

[0002] The only industrialized treatment method for high-level radioactive waste is currently vitrification. The Joule ceramic electric melting furnace is a relatively simple, mature, and widely used vitrification treatment method. When the electric melting furnace is powered on, the electrode materials and refractory materials used will be continuously eroded by the flowing and high-temperature glass liquid. The corrosion resistance of the electrode materials and refractory materials determines the service life of the electric melting furnace.

[0003] Existing laboratories mostly use the static method to immerse electrode plates and refractory materials to test their corrosion resistance. There are also dynamic corrosion resistance tests for refractory materials, but the experiments are not conducted with an AC device, and cannot fully simulate the corrosion of the glass liquid inside the electric melting furnace under the power-on state. Therefore, it is urgent to design an experimental device that can simulate the local environment inside the furnace to analyze the corrosion of the electrode plates and refractory materials. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an experimental device and method for simulating the erosion of electrode plates and refractory materials in an electric melting furnace, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art and enable the electrode plates and refractory materials to realize dynamic anti-erosion simulation experiments.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides an experimental device for simulating the erosion of electrode plates and refractory materials in an electric melting furnace, comprising a crucible, an electrode plate, a stirring mechanism, a muffle furnace and an electric control cabinet. The crucible is made of refractory materials, and glass liquid is contained in the crucible. The electrode plate is arranged in the crucible and is located below the liquid level of the glass liquid. The stirring mechanism is arranged in the crucible, and an alternating current device is arranged in the electric control cabinet. Both of the two electrode plates are electrically connected to the alternating current device. The crucible is arranged in the muffle furnace, and the muffle furnace and the alternating current device are both communicatively connected to the electric control cabinet.

[0007] Preferably, a plurality of heating rods are evenly distributed on both sides of the muffle furnace, and each of the heating rods is electrically connected to the electric control cabinet via a power regulator.

[0008] Preferably, the heating rods on each side of the muffle furnace can be arranged in a temperature gradient, and the heating rods are inserted into the side plates of the muffle furnace, so that the temperature range from the bottom to the top of the muffle furnace is 900°C-1150°C.

[0009] Preferably, a furnace cover is hinged on the top of the muffle furnace, and a handle and a transparent observation window are provided on the furnace cover; three thermocouples for temperature measurement are vertically spaced behind the muffle furnace, and the thermocouples are all communicatively connected to the electric control cabinet.

[0010] Preferably, the furnace cover is provided with a terminal for an electrode plate, the terminal is electrically connected to the AC device via a wire, and the wire is hidden in the furnace cover and the side plate of the muffle furnace.

[0011] Preferably, the stirring mechanism comprises a motor and a stirring frame, the motor is connected to the stirring frame via a coupling, the motor is arranged on the furnace cover of the muffle furnace, and the stirring frame is located in the middle of the glass liquid.

[0012] Preferably, the electrode plates are arranged on both sides of the crucible, the stirring frame is located in the middle of the crucible, the stirring frame is a rectangular frame, and the rotation speed of the motor is 30-100 rad / min.

[0013] Preferably, the material of the electrode plate includes a variety of nickel-based alloys.

[0014] Preferably, the refractory material includes silicon oxide, aluminum silicate, corundum magnesia, magnesium calcium, aluminum magnesium, magnesium silicon, carbon composite refractory material, zirconium refractory material and special refractory material.

[0015] An experimental method for simulating the erosion of an electrode plate and a refractory material in an electric melting furnace is based on the above-mentioned experimental device for simulating the erosion of an electrode plate and a refractory material in an electric melting furnace, and specifically comprises the following steps:

[0016] S1, before the experiment, two electrode plates of the same size need to be processed, and the relative surface area S of the electrode plate after being inserted into the refractory crucible is calculated. If the current value A passing through the AC device is known, the current density per unit area on the electrode plate P = A / S can be obtained;

[0017] S2, at the beginning of the experiment, the heating temperature gradient in the muffle furnace is first set according to the experimental requirements, and then the current density on the electrode plate is obtained by changing the current value A in the AC device, and the corrosion of the electrode plate and the refractory material by the high-temperature molten glass solid body sample under different current densities is analyzed, and then the corrosion resistance results of the electrode plate and the refractory material are analyzed;

[0018] S3, at different current values ​​A, change the temperature in the muffle furnace, increase or decrease the number of heating rods according to experimental needs, or adjust the current on the heating rods, and analyze the corrosion resistance results of the electrode plates and refractory materials under different temperatures and current densities.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

[0020] The experimental device of the present invention can be used for simulation and analysis of corrosion resistance environmental experiments of electrode plate materials and refractory materials inside electric melting furnace devices, and in particular can be used for simulation experiments on Joule-heated ceramic electric melting furnace devices used for high-level waste liquid glass solidification, and the corrosion resistance results of its electrode plates and refractory materials can be obtained through experimental analysis. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an experimental device for simulating the erosion of an electrode plate and a refractory material of an electric melting furnace in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the electrical control of the heating rod in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] In the figure: 1-muffle furnace, 2-crucible, 3-electrode plate, 4-electric control cabinet, 5-heating rod, 6-power regulator, 7-motor, 8-stirring frame, 9-furnace cover, 10-terminal, 11-observation window, 12-handle, 13-thermocouple. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an experimental device and method for simulating the erosion of electrode plates and refractory materials in an electric melting furnace, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art and enable the electrode plates and refractory materials to realize dynamic anti-erosion simulation experiments.

[0027] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0028] Embodiment 1

[0029] like Figure 1 to Figure 2As shown, in this embodiment, an experimental device for simulating the erosion of electrode plates and refractory materials in an electric melting furnace is provided, including a crucible 2, an electrode plate 3, a stirring mechanism, a muffle furnace 1 and an electric control cabinet 4. The crucible 2 is made of refractory material, and the crucible 2 contains glass liquid. The electrode plate 3 is arranged in the crucible 2 and is located below the liquid level of the glass liquid. The crucible 2 is provided with a stirring mechanism, and the electric control cabinet 4 is provided with an AC power device. The two electrode plates 3 are electrically connected to the AC power device. The crucible 2 is arranged in the muffle furnace 1, and the muffle furnace 1 and the AC power device are both communicatively connected to the electric control cabinet 4.

[0030] As an optional solution, in this embodiment, a plurality of heating rods 5 are evenly distributed on both sides of the muffle furnace 1, and each heating rod 5 is electrically connected to the electric control cabinet 4 through a power regulator 6. In this embodiment, the number of heating rods 5 can be increased or decreased according to experimental needs, or the electric control cabinet 4 can be used to regulate the current on the heating rods 5 (to achieve a temperature gradient field) to achieve different temperature requirements.

[0031] As an optional solution, the heating rods 5 on each side of the muffle furnace 1 in this embodiment can be set in a temperature gradient. The heating rods 5 are inserted into the side plates of the muffle furnace 1, so that the temperature range from the bottom to the top of the muffle furnace 1 is 900℃-1150℃. The top of the muffle furnace 1 can be set as a low temperature zone and the bottom as a high temperature zone, thereby forming a stepped temperature gradient field; the middle part can also be set as a high temperature and the two ends can be set as a stepped temperature gradient field according to needs. Three thermocouples 13 for temperature measurement are arranged vertically at intervals behind the muffle furnace. In this embodiment, the three thermocouples 13 are arranged at equal intervals to detect the temperature in the muffle furnace in layers. The thermocouples 13 are all connected to the electric control cabinet for communication, and the current on the heating rods 5 is adjusted according to the temperature in the muffle furnace. This embodiment can more accurately simulate the local environment of the electrodes and refractory materials inside the electric melting furnace, making the corrosion resistance test device and the corrosion resistance analysis method more accurate; the heating power of the heating rods 5 in different areas is controlled by the electric control cabinet 4, and the temperature gradient in the furnace is artificially designed, which can realize the heating of different temperature areas. At the same time, the number of heating rods 5 can be increased or decreased as needed, and the temperature gradient in the furnace can be refined to improve the accuracy of the experiment.

[0032] As an optional solution, in this embodiment, a furnace cover 9 is hinged on the top of the muffle furnace 1. The furnace cover 9 is provided with a handle 12 and a transparent observation window 11, which is convenient for opening the furnace cover 9 and observing the experimental process.

[0033] As an optional solution, in this embodiment, the furnace cover 9 is provided with a terminal 10 of the electrode plate 3 to facilitate electrical connection. The terminal 10 is electrically connected to the AC equipment through a wire to simulate the corrosion process of the electrode under AC power, which is closer to the actual application process. The wire is hidden in the side panels of the furnace cover 9 and the muffle furnace 1 to avoid direct baking by high temperature.

[0034] As an optional solution, the stirring mechanism in this embodiment includes a motor 7 and a stirring frame 8. The motor 7 is connected to the stirring frame 8 through a coupling. The motor 7 is arranged on the furnace cover 9 of the muffle furnace 1. The motor 7 is preferably a servo motor and is communicated with the electric control cabinet 4 to facilitate the regulation of the rotation speed and the stirring speed. The stirring frame 8 is located in the middle of the glass liquid, so that the glass liquid inside the crucible 2 flows continuously, simulating the dynamic environment of the electrodes and refractory materials inside the electric melting furnace, thereby realizing the experimental analysis of the corrosion resistance of the electrodes and refractory materials under the dynamic glass liquid state.

[0035] As an optional solution, in this embodiment, the electrode plates 3 are arranged on both sides of the crucible 2, the two electrode plates 3 have the same size, the stirring frame 8 is located in the middle of the crucible 2, the stirring frame 8 is a rectangular frame, and the speed of the motor 7 is 30-100 rad / min ， Avoid stirring and shaking the glass liquid too much.

[0036] As an optional solution, the material of the electrode plate 3 in this embodiment includes a variety of nickel-based alloys, which is convenient for selecting different materials for research.

[0037] As an optional solution, the refractory material in this embodiment includes silicon oxide, aluminum silicate, corundum magnesium, magnesium calcium, aluminum magnesium, magnesium silicon, carbon composite refractory, zirconium refractory and special refractory. By changing the electrode plate 3 and the refractory material, the corrosion resistance of the electrode plate 3 and the refractory material of different materials can be obtained.

[0038] Embodiment 2

[0039] This embodiment provides an experimental method for simulating the erosion of the electrode plate and refractory material of an electric melting furnace, based on the experimental device for simulating the erosion of the electrode plate and refractory material of the electric melting furnace in the first embodiment, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0040] S1, before the experiment, two electrode plates 3 of the same size need to be processed, and the relative surface area S of the electrode plate 3 after being inserted into the refractory crucible 2 is calculated. The current value A passed into the AC device is known, and the current density per unit area on the electrode plate 3 can be obtained as P = A / S;

[0041] S2, the experiment starts, first the heating temperature gradient in the muffle furnace 1 is set according to the experimental requirements, and then the current density on the electrode plate 3 is obtained by changing the current value A in the AC device, and the corrosion of the high-temperature molten glass solid body sample on the electrode plate 3 and the refractory material under different current densities is analyzed, and then the corrosion resistance results of the electrode plate 3 and the refractory material are analyzed;

[0042] S3, at different current values ​​A, change the temperature in the muffle furnace 1, increase or decrease the number of heating rods 5 according to experimental needs, or adjust the current on the heating rods 5, and analyze the corrosion resistance results of the electrode plate 3 and the refractory material under different temperatures and current densities.

[0043] In this embodiment, the above experimental steps S2 and S3 can be repeated by changing the electrode plate 3 and the refractory material to obtain the anti-corrosion results of the electrode plate 3 and the refractory material of different materials.

[0044] This embodiment realizes the simulation of the local environment of the corrosion resistance of the electrodes and refractory materials inside the Joule furnace in the laboratory, and at the same time adds AC equipment to be closer to the service status of the electrodes in the Joule furnace. By analyzing the corrosion resistance of the glass liquid to the electrodes and refractory materials through power-on, the corrosion rate and service life of the electrodes and refractory materials can be calculated.

[0045] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental device for simulating the erosion of electrode plates and refractory materials in an electric melting furnace, characterized in that: It includes a crucible, an electrode plate, a stirring mechanism, a muffle furnace and an electric control cabinet. The crucible is made of refractory material. Glass liquid is contained in the crucible. The electrode plate is arranged in the crucible and is located below the liquid level of the glass liquid. The crucible is provided with the stirring mechanism. An AC device is arranged in the electric control cabinet. Both the two electrode plates are electrically connected to the AC device. The crucible is arranged in the muffle furnace. The muffle furnace and the AC device are both communicatively connected to the electric control cabinet.

2. The experimental device for simulating the erosion of the electrode plate and refractory material of an electric melting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of heating rods are evenly distributed on both sides of the muffle furnace, and each of the heating rods is electrically connected to the electric control cabinet via a power regulator.

3. The experimental device for simulating the erosion of the electrode plate and refractory material of an electric melting furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heating rods on each side of the muffle furnace can be arranged in a temperature gradient, and the heating rods are inserted into the side plates of the muffle furnace, so that the temperature range from the bottom to the top of the muffle furnace is 900°C-1150°C.

4. The experimental device for simulating the erosion of the electrode plate and refractory material of an electric melting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: A furnace cover is hinged on the top of the muffle furnace, and a handle and a transparent observation window are arranged on the furnace cover; three thermocouples for temperature measurement are arranged vertically at intervals behind the muffle furnace, and the thermocouples are all connected to the electric control cabinet for communication.

5. The experimental device for simulating the erosion of the electrode plate and refractory material of an electric melting furnace according to claim 4, characterized in that: The furnace cover is provided with a terminal for an electrode plate, and the terminal is electrically connected to the AC device via a wire, and the wire is hidden in the furnace cover and the side plate of the muffle furnace.

6. The experimental device for simulating the erosion of the electrode plate and refractory material of an electric melting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stirring mechanism comprises a motor and a stirring frame, wherein the motor is connected to the stirring frame via a coupling, the motor is arranged on the furnace cover of the muffle furnace, and the stirring frame is located in the middle of the glass liquid.

7. The experimental device for simulating the erosion of the electrode plate and refractory material of an electric melting furnace according to claim 6, characterized in that: The electrode plates are arranged on both sides of the crucible, the stirring frame is located in the middle of the crucible, the stirring frame is a rectangular frame, and the rotation speed of the motor is 30-100 rad / min.

8. The experimental device for simulating the erosion of the electrode plate and refractory material of an electric melting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the electrode plate includes various nickel-based alloys.

9. The experimental device for simulating the erosion of the electrode plate and refractory material of an electric melting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The refractory materials include silicon oxide, aluminum silicate, corundum magnesia, magnesium calcium, aluminum magnesium, magnesium silicon, carbon composite refractory materials, zirconium refractory materials and special refractory materials.

10. An experimental method for simulating the erosion of an electrode plate and a refractory material in an electric melting furnace, based on an experimental device for simulating the erosion of an electrode plate and a refractory material in an electric melting furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1, before the experiment, two electrode plates of the same size need to be processed, and the relative surface area S of the electrode plate after being inserted into the refractory crucible is calculated. If the current value A passing through the AC device is known, the current density per unit area on the electrode plate P = A / S can be obtained; S2, at the beginning of the experiment, the heating temperature gradient in the muffle furnace is first set according to the experimental requirements, and then the current density on the electrode plate is obtained by changing the current value A in the AC device, and the corrosion of the electrode plate and the refractory material by the high-temperature molten glass solid body sample under different current densities is analyzed, and then the corrosion resistance results of the electrode plate and the refractory material are analyzed; S3, at different current values ​​A, change the temperature in the muffle furnace, increase or decrease the number of heating rods according to experimental needs, or adjust the current on the heating rods, and analyze the corrosion resistance results of the electrode plates and refractory materials under different temperatures and current densities.

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