Combined antenna

Abstract

The invention relates to a combined antenna, and belongs to the technical field of radio frequency communication. The combined antenna comprises a plurality of antenna groups of which the working frequency bands are not completely the same; the antennas in the plurality of antenna groups share one feed panel; each antenna group is arranged on the feed panel in a manner that the central axes are symmetrical, and the central axes of the plurality of antenna groups are overlapped; the feed panel is provided with feed points of the antennas in each antenna group; the radiators of the antennas in the multiple antenna groups are arranged at intervals, and the radiators are electrically connected with the feed panel through the feed points of the antennas. By adopting the antenna, the physical space occupied by the antenna can be greatly reduced, meanwhile, the multi-band and multi-function supporting capability of the antenna can be improved, and the radio frequency communication requirements of miniaturization and high integration level are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of radio frequency communication technology, and in particular to a combined antenna. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of information technology, the complexity of modern communication systems and wireless communication equipment is increasing, and the requirements for antenna technology are becoming higher and higher. Especially in the field of military communications, the number of various weapons, communications and electronic equipment on modern military equipment is increasing, making the layout of antennas complex and diverse. In traditional technology, antennas for different purposes are installed separately, which occupies a lot of physical space on space-constrained platforms (such as vehicles, ships and aircraft) and may cause mutual interference between antennas.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new antenna technology that can achieve multi-band, multi-functional integrated design in a limited space, which can better adapt to the requirements of modern complex communication environments and improve the overall performance and reliability of wireless communication systems. Summary of the invention

[0004] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a combined antenna to address the above technical problems so as to achieve miniaturized, highly integrated multi-band communication needs.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a combination antenna, comprising a plurality of antenna groups having different operating frequency bands;

[0006] Each antenna in the plurality of antenna groups shares a feeding board;

[0007] Each antenna group is arranged on the feed board in a central axis symmetrical manner, and the central axes of the plurality of antenna groups coincide;

[0008] The feed board is provided with a feeding point for each antenna in each antenna group;

[0009] The radiators of the antennas in the plurality of antenna groups are arranged at intervals from each other, and the radiators are electrically connected to the feeding board through the feeding points of the antennas.

[0010] In one of the embodiments, the plurality of antenna groups include at least two of a Lora antenna group, a high-precision positioning antenna group, a WiFi / BT antenna group, and a cellular communication antenna group.

[0011] In one of the embodiments, the feed board is divided into at least a central area, an edge area, and a middle ring area. The feeding point corresponding to the Lora antenna group is set in the central area, the feeding point corresponding to the high-precision positioning antenna group is set in the middle ring area, and the feeding points of the WiFi / BT antenna group and the cellular communication antenna group are set in the edge area.

[0012] In one of the embodiments, the Lora antenna group includes a single-arm conical spiral antenna, including at least a first radiator and a dielectric rod;

[0013] The first radiator is spirally wound around the axis to form a cone shape, one end of the first radiator is a cone point, and the other end is located at the bottom of the cone, the axis is perpendicular to the plane where the feed point plate is located, the cone point is close to the feed plate, and the bottom of the cone is far away from the feed plate;

[0014] The dielectric rod extends along the axis, one end of the dielectric rod is electrically connected to the feed board through a feed point, and the other end of the dielectric rod is connected to the cone point of the first radiator, and the feed point is located at the geometric center of the feed board.

[0015] In one of the embodiments, the high-precision positioning antenna group includes a multi-feed point air dielectric loaded antenna, which includes at least a substrate, a second radiator and a multi-feed point structure;

[0016] The substrate is parallel to the feeding board, and a line connecting the geometric center of the substrate and the geometric center of the feeding board is perpendicular to the plane where the feeding board is located;

[0017] The second radiator includes a metal material layer attached to the substrate, and a coupling slot formed by slotting the metal material layer, wherein the coupling slot is centrally symmetrical;

[0018] The multi-feed point structure includes a plurality of PIN needles perpendicular to the plane where the substrate is located, one end of each of the PIN needles is connected to the feeding board to form a feeding point, and the other end penetrates the substrate and is connected to the metal material layer, and the connection points of the plurality of PIN needles and the metal material layer are evenly surrounded by the geometric center of the metal material layer.

[0019] In one of the embodiments, the multi-feed point air dielectric loaded antenna further comprises a choke structure, wherein the choke structure comprises a plurality of choke components uniformly surrounding the substrate;

[0020] Each of the choke coil assemblies includes a horizontal choke piece and a vertical choke column, wherein the horizontal choke piece is coplanar with the substrate, the vertical choke column is perpendicular to the plane of the substrate, and one end of the vertical choke column is connected to the geometric center of the horizontal choke piece, and the other end is connected to the feed board.

[0021] In one of the embodiments, the multi-feed point air dielectric loaded antenna includes a feeding network for high-precision positioning of the antenna, the feeding network is arranged on the feeding board, and the feeding network is electrically connected to the PIN pin through the feeding point;

[0022] The feeding network includes at least a plurality of LC networks, and the LC networks are used to adjust a signal phase or perform signal filtering.

[0023] In one embodiment, the WiFi / BT antenna group includes a plurality of monopole antennas, each of the monopole antennas includes at least one third radiator, and the third radiator extends from a feeding point in a direction away from the feeding board;

[0024] The third radiators of the plurality of monopole antennas are symmetrically arranged relative to the geometric center of the feeding board.

[0025] In one of the embodiments, the cellular communication antenna group includes a plurality of short-circuit stub antennas, each of which includes at least a fourth radiator and a short-circuit stub structure;

[0026] The fourth radiator extends from the feeding point in a direction away from the feeding board, and the fourth radiator is provided with a groove for coupling signals of different frequency bands to form a multi-band signal transmission and reception capability;

[0027] One end of the short-circuit branch structure is connected to the fourth radiator, and the other end is connected to the feeding board, so as to form a signal transmission path in a high-frequency band through short-circuit coupling;

[0028] The fourth radiators of the multiple short-circuit stub antennas are symmetrically arranged relative to the geometric center of the feeding board.

[0029] In one embodiment, the feed plate is a circular feed plate, and each of the antenna groups is symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the circular feed plate, wherein the central axis is perpendicular to the plane where the circular feed plate is located and passes through the center of the circular feed plate.

[0030] With the combined antenna disclosed in this embodiment, multiple antenna groups share a feed board and are symmetrically arranged with the same central axis. Different antenna groups cover multiple working frequency bands respectively. The radiators in each antenna group are electrically connected to the feed board through the feed points arranged on the feed board. The electrical signals can be transmitted to other devices or systems on the feed board to realize signal processing and transmission. In this way, not only can the physical space occupied by the antenna be greatly reduced, but also the multi-band and multi-function support capabilities of the antenna can be improved. Moreover, since the radiators of each antenna group are arranged at intervals from each other, the signal interference between the antennas can be effectively reduced, thereby significantly improving the overall performance and reliability of the antenna system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a combined antenna in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a single-arm conical spiral antenna in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a multi-feed point air dielectric loaded antenna in one embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a feeding network of a multi-feed point air dielectric loaded antenna in one embodiment of the present application;

[0035] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a monopole antenna in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a short-circuit stub antenna in one embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Wherein: 1. combined antenna, 2. feeding board, 3. single-arm conical spiral antenna, 31. first radiator, 32. dielectric rod, 4. multi-feed point air dielectric loaded antenna, 41. substrate, 42. second radiator, 43. multi-feed point structure, 44. choke structure, 45. feeding network, 451. LC network, 46. coupling slot, 5. monopole antenna, 51. third radiator, 6. short-circuit branch antenna, 61. fourth radiator, 62. short-circuit branch structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present application, so the present application is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0039] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0040] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0041] In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0042] In the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being “above” or “below” a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being “above”, “above”, and “above” a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being “below”, “below”, and “below” a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0043] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be a central element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be a central element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to be the only implementation method.

[0044] In traditional designs, antennas for different purposes are usually installed independently, and each communication or sensing system requires a dedicated antenna, which leads to the stacking of multiple antennas. For example, satellite communication antennas, radar antennas, radio communication antennas, navigation antennas, etc. may be installed on platforms such as ships, aircraft, and vehicles at the same time. The stacking method not only takes up a lot of space, restricts the installation of other equipment, or increases interference between equipment, but the increase in the number and types of antennas will also significantly increase the weight of the equipment, especially on aerial platforms (such as aircraft or drones), which places more stringent requirements on the equipment's load capacity.

[0045] In view of the above situation, the embodiment of the present application provides a combination antenna 1, which can realize the effective combination of multi-band and multi-function in a limited physical space, reduce the size of the antenna, and improve the overall performance and reliability of the system. The combination antenna 1 is suitable for various wireless communication scenarios with limited space and need to support multi-function and multi-band, especially in military communications, aerospace equipment and complex communication systems.

[0046] As shown in FIG1 , the combined antenna 1 includes multiple antenna groups, each of which has a different operating frequency band to support different communication tasks; multiple antenna groups share the same feed board 2, which can be in the form of a composite left-handed transmission line phase shifter, and the feed board 2 is provided with a feed point for each antenna in each antenna group; all antennas in each antenna group are mounted on the feed board 2 in a central axis symmetrical manner to ensure the consistency of electromagnetic performance in each antenna group and reduce mutual interference between antennas; the central axes of multiple antenna groups coincide, so that the antenna groups can be arranged compactly in physical space to reduce the space occupied by the antennas, while ensuring that each antenna group can work effectively without interference. The radiators of each antenna in the multiple antenna groups are arranged at intervals to ensure that the mutual interference between the radiators is minimized, and the radiators are electrically connected to the feed board 2 through the feed points of each antenna, so that the transmission of electrical signals can be achieved.

[0047] With the above-mentioned combined antenna 1, multiple antenna groups share the feed board 2 and are symmetrically arranged with the same central axis. Different antenna groups cover multiple working frequency bands respectively. The radiators in each antenna group are electrically connected to the feed board 2 through the feed points arranged on the feed board 2. The electrical signals can be transmitted to other devices or systems on the feed board 2 to realize signal processing and transmission. In this way, not only can the physical space occupied by the antenna be greatly reduced, but also the multi-band and multi-functional support capabilities of the system can be improved. Moreover, since the radiators of each antenna group are arranged at intervals from each other, the signal interference between the antennas can be effectively reduced, thereby significantly improving the overall performance and reliability of the antenna system.

[0048] In one embodiment, the plurality of antenna groups in the combined antenna 1 include at least two of a Lora antenna group, a high-precision positioning antenna group, a WiFi / BT antenna group, and a cellular communication antenna group.

[0049] The combination antenna 1 integrates multiple antenna groups with different purposes so that the combination antenna 1 can support multiple communication protocols. The antennas in the multiple antenna groups share the same feed board 2. The combination antenna 1 includes at least two different types of antenna groups, where the antenna groups can be:

[0050] (1) Lora antenna array, used to support the long-range low-power wide area network (LPWAN) communication protocol of Lora technology, operating in a specified frequency band, usually 433 MHz, 868 MHz or 915 MHz;

[0051] (2) High-precision positioning antenna group, used for high-precision positioning to provide accurate location information, such as GPS (working frequency bands may include L1, L2, and L5), Beidou (working frequency bands may include B1, B2, and B3), GLONASS (working frequency bands may include L1, L2, and L3), GALILEO (working frequency bands may include E1, E5a, E5b, and E6), IRNSS / NAVIC (working frequency bands may include L5), and QZSS (working frequency bands may include L1, L2, L5, and L6), etc.;

[0052] (3) WiFi / BT antenna group, which supports WiFi and Bluetooth communication protocols, usually operates in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands, and is used for short-distance high-speed data transmission between devices and Bluetooth device connection;

[0053] (4) Cellular communication antenna group: used to support cellular communication technologies such as 4G LTE or 5G communication. The operating frequency band is usually between 700 MHz and 3.5 GHz, supporting wide area network data transmission and voice communication.

[0054] Specifically, the radiator of each antenna group can be designed according to the required communication frequency band, so as to be used for Lora, positioning, WiFi / BT and cellular communication respectively. The antennas in each antenna group are electrically connected to the feed board 2 through the feed point, and the radiator of each antenna can receive or transmit signals of a specific frequency band through the shared feed board 2, so as to achieve simultaneous compatibility of multi-protocol communications; and through the symmetrical antenna group layout design and radiator spacing setting on the central axis, the electromagnetic interference between the antenna groups can be minimized, and the working performance of the multi-protocol and multi-band antennas can be optimized to reduce the interference between signals of different frequency bands and protocols.

[0055] In this way, by integrating the above-mentioned antenna group, the combined antenna 1 can simultaneously support multiple protocols such as Lora long-distance low-power communication, high-precision positioning, WiFi / Bluetooth short-range communication and cellular communication, achieving the effect of one machine with multiple uses, which is especially suitable for devices such as the Internet of Things and smart terminals that need to be compatible with multiple communication methods.

[0056] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG1 , the feed board 2 of the combined antenna 1 can be further subdivided into three regions, namely, a central region, a middle ring region, and an edge region, to achieve an optimized arrangement of different antenna groups in physical space and electrical connection. The division of the central region, the middle ring region, and the edge region can allow the feed points of different antenna groups to occupy specific positions on the feed board 2, so as to maximize the performance of each antenna group while reducing mutual interference.

[0057] Among them, the Lora antenna group usually operates in a low frequency band, and its signal propagation characteristics determine that the setting of the Lora antenna group in the central area can better cover a larger communication range. Therefore, the feeding point of the Lora antenna group can be arranged in the central area of ​​the feed board 2, which is conducive to the uniform distribution of its radiation characteristics in the entire structure of the combined antenna 1, thereby improving the effect of long-distance low-power communication.

[0058] The high-precision positioning antenna group is mainly used in satellite positioning systems, such as GPS, Beidou, etc. Its frequency band is relatively high and the requirements on antenna performance are relatively strict, especially the stability and accuracy of the signal. Therefore, the feeding point of the high-precision positioning antenna group can be arranged in the middle ring area of ​​the feed board 2 to obtain a better spatial layout, so that satellite signals from all directions can be received while avoiding interference with the Lora antenna group in the central area.

[0059] The WiFi / BT antenna group and the cellular communication antenna group usually operate in a higher frequency band, and their communication range is relatively short. In particular, WiFi and Bluetooth are mainly used for local area communications, and have high requirements for signal directionality and interference suppression. Therefore, the feeding points of the WiFi / BT antenna group and the cellular communication antenna can be arranged in the edge area of ​​the feed board 2 to utilize the physical characteristics of the edge area to reduce the impact on other antenna groups and give full play to the advantages of high-frequency communication.

[0060] In this way, by setting the feeding points of different antenna groups in different areas of the feed board 2, each antenna group can obtain the best physical layout position according to its communication needs, thereby realizing spatial separation of each antenna group, optimizing the electromagnetic compatibility between different antenna groups, and reducing mutual interference between antenna groups, so that each antenna group can work effectively in a limited physical space, thereby improving the communication performance and stability of the combined antenna 1.

[0061] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG2 , the Lora antenna group can adopt the structure of a single-arm conical spiral antenna 3. Under the premise of limited space, the size of the antenna can be greatly reduced by adopting this structure. Specifically, the single-arm conical spiral antenna 3 can include at least a first radiator 31 and a dielectric rod 32, wherein:

[0062] The first radiator 31 is made of metal material and has a conical spiral structure, that is, it is spirally coiled around an axis, and the axis is perpendicular to the plane where the feed board 2 is located. One end of the first radiator 31 converges to a cone point, and the other end is located at the bottom of the cone. The cone point is close to the feed board 2, and the bottom of the cone is far away from the feed board 2. The spiral structure can form a three-dimensional radiator in space, thereby improving the gain and directivity of the antenna, which is suitable for the low-frequency long-wave radiation characteristics required by Lora communication, helps to enhance the radiation efficiency of the antenna, and reduces reflection and loss.

[0063] The dielectric rod 32 extends along the axis of the first radiator 31, one end of which is electrically connected to the feed board 2 through a feed point, the feed point is located at the geometric center of the feed board 2, and the other end is connected to the cone point of the first radiator 31. The dielectric rod 32 can not only provide the overall mechanical stability and electrical performance of the antenna, but also guide electromagnetic waves and optimize the radiation mode. The material of the dielectric rod 32 can be polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0064] Based on the structure of the above-mentioned single-arm conical spiral antenna 3, the Lora antenna group can not only ensure that the low-frequency signal of the Lora protocol can be smoothly transmitted, but also improve the radiation efficiency and signal gain of the antenna through the combination of the conical spiral and the dielectric rod 32. In addition, setting the feeding point at the geometric center of the feeding board 2 can optimize the electrical performance of the antenna and ensure the effective transmission and radiation of the signal.

[0065] In one embodiment, reference Figure 3 As shown, the high-precision positioning antenna group may include a multi-feed point air dielectric loaded antenna 4. By adopting a multi-feed point structure 43 and air dielectric loading technology, the antenna's high gain and multi-directional signal receiving capability can be achieved, which is particularly suitable for application scenarios of global positioning systems (such as GPS, Beidou, etc.).

[0066] Among them, the multi-feed point structure 43 can be a plurality of independent feed points set in the antenna, and the plurality of feed points are distributed at different positions of the antenna. Each feed point is responsible for supplying power to different parts of the antenna or receiving signals to achieve better signal transmission, receiving performance and electromagnetic characteristics; the air dielectric loading technology can be the introduction of an air dielectric layer between the antenna and the radiator. Air, as a dielectric material with a low dielectric constant, can reduce the loss of the antenna and improve the radiation efficiency and gain. In addition, the introduction of the air dielectric layer can also effectively control the impedance matching of the antenna so that the antenna can work stably in different frequency bands.

[0067] Specifically, the multi-feed point air dielectric loaded antenna 4 may include at least a substrate 41, a second radiator 42 and a multi-feed point structure 43, wherein:

[0068] The substrate 41 may be made of FR4 material and is arranged parallel to the feeding board 2 , and a line connecting the geometric center of the substrate 41 and the geometric center of the feeding board 2 is perpendicular to the plane where the feeding board 2 is located.

[0069] The second radiator 42 is attached to the surface of the substrate 41 and is composed of a metal material layer, which is used for signal radiation and reception of the antenna. Further, in order to improve the working performance of the antenna, a coupling slot 46 can be formed by slotting the metal material layer. The coupling slot 46 is centrally symmetrically distributed, which helps to uniformly receive signals from multiple satellites in different directions to achieve all-round signal coverage.

[0070] The multi-feed point structure 43 is composed of a plurality of PIN needles, which can be made of chrome-plated or nickel-plated metal. The plurality of PIN needles are arranged perpendicular to the plane where the substrate 41 is located, and electrically connect the radiator of the antenna to the feed board 2, that is, one end of each PIN needle is connected to the feed board 2 to form a feed point; the other end penetrates the substrate 41 and is connected to the metal material layer. The connection points of the plurality of PIN needles and the metal material layer are uniformly distributed around the geometric center of the metal material layer in a surrounding manner, and correspondingly, the feed points formed by the plurality of PIN needles are also uniformly distributed around the geometric center of the feed board 2 in a surrounding manner.

[0071] In this way, the structure of the multi-feed point air dielectric loading antenna 4 is adopted. First, the multi-feed point structure 43 is evenly distributed, which can ensure the radiation consistency and signal reception stability of the antenna in different directions; second, the application of air dielectric loading technology can effectively improve the gain and efficiency of the antenna, ensuring that the antenna has good performance in high-precision positioning scenarios. Third, the central symmetric design of the coupling slot 46 can enhance the directivity and bandwidth capability of the antenna to meet the multi-satellite positioning requirements in complex environments.

[0072] Furthermore, compared with the problem of unstable phase center in the traditional two-point feeding design, the high-precision positioning antenna in this embodiment can simultaneously realize circular polarization radiation characteristics, and adopts a 4-point uniform symmetrical feeding method, and the phases of the signals are 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°, respectively, which can ensure the stability of the phase center and the right-hand circularly polarized wave. Compared with the circular patch, its structural symmetry has higher efficiency, wider lobes, and better bandwidth performance, and is also conducive to improving the antenna axial ratio. Correspondingly, the feeding board 2 can use power division and phase shifting to achieve four-feed circular polarization, that is, the signal is divided into four paths through a power divider, and fed to different feeding points of the antenna respectively, and the phase shifter is used to adjust the phase difference between each signal path, so that the signal phase meets the circular polarization conditions, thereby generating circularly polarized electromagnetic waves. Compared with the traditional method of using a 3dB coupler to achieve circular polarization, the design complexity and material cost can be reduced.

[0073] In one embodiment, reference Figure 3As shown, the multi-feed point air dielectric loaded antenna 4 also includes a choke structure 44 for suppressing or filtering high-frequency electromagnetic interference and improving the signal transmission efficiency and gain of the antenna. The choke structure 44 may include a plurality of choke components uniformly surrounding the substrate 41, so as to suppress or filter high-frequency electromagnetic interference in all directions through the choke components and keep the overall electromagnetic field uniformly distributed.

[0074] Each choke assembly may include a horizontal choke and a vertical choke column. The horizontal choke is in the same plane as the substrate 41 and is used to generate a parallel electromagnetic field distribution to limit the leakage of high-frequency signals and control the electromagnetic field propagation path, thereby ensuring that the antenna signal is concentrated within the specified working frequency band. The vertical choke column is perpendicular to the plane where the substrate 41 is located, one end of which is connected to the geometric center of the horizontal choke and the other end is connected to the feed board 2, and is used to suppress high-frequency interference signals from the direction of the substrate 41 and guide the high-frequency interference signals to the ground through the vertical choke column.

[0075] By introducing the choke structure 44, high-frequency interference can be effectively suppressed, and the signal of the high-precision positioning antenna can be isolated from the signals of other antennas, which can improve the isolation between antennas and enhance the stability and anti-interference ability of signal transmission. By combining the horizontal choke plate with the vertical choke column, the choke structure 44 can form an effective barrier antenna outside the operating frequency range of the antenna, so that the antenna can have good working performance within the predetermined frequency range, and improve the gain and radiation efficiency of the antenna by suppressing high-frequency interference. In addition, multiple choke components evenly surround the substrate 41, which helps to maintain the overall symmetry of the antenna, can further optimize the electromagnetic performance, and is suitable for scenarios requiring high-precision positioning and low-interference communication.

[0076] The multi-feed point air dielectric loaded antenna 4 has a simple structure, low cost, light weight, and good mass production performance. The overlap of the phase center and the geometric center can minimize the influence of the antenna on the test error. The antenna unit has high gain and a wide beam pattern, which can ensure the reception effect of low-elevation signals. It can still search for satellites normally in some occasions with severe obstruction. An air dielectric is formed between the choke and the microstrip PCB through the grounding device, thereby reducing the weight of the required dielectric plate and thus reducing the weight of the antenna.

[0077] In one embodiment, reference Figure 4 As shown, the multi-feed point air dielectric loaded antenna 4 includes a feed network 45 for high-precision positioning of the antenna, and the feed network 45 is arranged on the feed board 2 for transmitting signals between different feed points. The feed network 45 is electrically connected to the PIN pin through multiple feed points, and the PIN pin can conduct the signal received outside the antenna to the feed network 45, or transmit the signal generated by the feed network 45 through the antenna.

[0078] The feed network 45 at least includes a plurality of LC networks 451, each of which may be a circuit module composed of an inductor and a capacitor, and is used to perform functions such as adjusting the signal phase or filtering the signal. Specifically, on the one hand, the feed network 45 may adjust the signal phase received or sent by each feed point through the LC network 451, thereby controlling the phase difference between the plurality of feed points, so that the signal coverage of the antenna in different directions is more uniform, which helps to improve the directivity and gain of the antenna; on the other hand, by selecting appropriate inductor and capacitor values, the LC network 451 may effectively filter out unnecessary high-frequency interference signals or noise, while retaining valid signals within the working frequency band.

[0079] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG5 , the WiFi / BT antenna group includes a plurality of monopole antennas 5, which can utilize the reflection of the bottom plate (i.e., the feed plate 2) to improve the radiation intensity of the antenna, and each monopole antenna 5 includes at least one third radiator 51 for receiving and transmitting electromagnetic signals, and the third radiator 51 extends from the feed point in a direction away from the feed plate 2. Specifically, the plane where the third radiator 51 is located or the axis of the third radiator 51 can be perpendicular to the plane where the feed plate 2 is located, so as to maximize the use of space and ensure the coverage and reception efficiency of the signal. The third radiators 51 of the plurality of monopole antennas 5 in the WiFi / BT antenna group are symmetrically arranged relative to the geometric center of the feed plate 2, which helps to optimize the electromagnetic field distribution of the antenna, so that the WiFi / BT antenna group radiates uniformly in all directions, reduces signal interference and distortion, and can also improve the omnidirectional coverage performance of the WiFi / BT antenna group, ensuring a wider range of signal reception and transmission in the WiFi and Bluetooth communication environment.

[0080] In one embodiment, reference Figure 6As shown, the cellular communication antenna group includes a plurality of short-circuit stub antennas 6, and the performance of different frequency bands is achieved by selecting reasonable positions and slots between short circuits. Each short-circuit stub antenna 6 includes at least one fourth radiator 61 and a short-circuit stub structure 62. Among them, the fourth radiator 61 of each short-circuit stub antenna 6 extends from the feeding point in the direction away from the feeding board 2, and is used to receive and transmit electromagnetic signals from different directions. Specifically, the plane where the fourth radiator 61 is located or the axis of the fourth radiator 61 can be perpendicular to the plane where the feeding board 2 is located, so as to maximize the use of space and improve the omnidirectional coverage capability and communication efficiency of the antenna. A groove is provided on the fourth radiator 61 to change the electrical length of the fourth radiator 61 to adjust the working frequency range of the antenna, so that it can adapt to the communication requirements of multiple different frequency bands and realize multi-band characteristics. One end of the short-circuit stub structure 62 is connected to the fourth radiator 61, and the other end is connected to the feeding board 2, so that a signal transmission path of the high-frequency band can be formed by short-circuit coupling, which reduces the loss of high-frequency signals during transmission and ensures that the signals of the high-frequency band can be efficiently transmitted. The fourth radiators 61 of the multiple short-circuit stub antennas 6 are symmetrically arranged relative to the geometric center of the feeding board 2, which can optimize the electromagnetic field distribution of the antenna and make the radiation performance of the antenna in different directions more balanced.

[0081] In one embodiment, referring to FIG. Figure 6 As shown, the feed plate 2 adopts a circular structure, and each antenna group is symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the circular feed plate 2. The central axis is perpendicular to the plane where the circular feed plate 2 is located, and passes through the center of the circular feed plate 2. In this way, the circular feed plate 2 can provide good structural symmetry, so that the antenna group can maintain consistent radiation performance in all directions. Each antenna group is symmetrically arranged along the central axis, which can further optimize the stability and balance of signal transmission, and effectively avoid signal interference or insufficient coverage problems that may be caused by improper antenna arrangement.

[0082] The technical features of the above embodiments may be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0083] The above-described embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be pointed out that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A combined antenna, characterized in that: Including multiple antenna groups with different operating frequency bands; Each antenna in the plurality of antenna groups shares a feeding board; Each antenna group is arranged on the feed board in a central axis symmetrical manner, and the central axes of the plurality of antenna groups coincide; The feed board is provided with a feeding point for each antenna in each antenna group; The radiators of the antennas in the plurality of antenna groups are arranged at intervals from each other, and the radiators are electrically connected to the feeding board through the feeding points of the antennas.

2. The combined antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multiple antenna groups include at least two of a Lora antenna group, a high-precision positioning antenna group, a WiFi / BT antenna group, and a cellular communication antenna group.

3. The combined antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The feed board is divided into at least a central area, an edge area, and a middle ring area. The feeding point corresponding to the Lora antenna group is arranged in the central area, the feeding point corresponding to the high-precision positioning antenna group is arranged in the middle ring area, and the feeding points of the WiFi / BT antenna group and the cellular communication antenna group are arranged in the edge area.

4. The combined antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The Lora antenna group includes a single-arm conical spiral antenna, which includes at least a first radiator and a dielectric rod; The first radiator is spirally wound around the axis to form a cone shape, one end of the first radiator is a cone point, and the other end is located at the bottom of the cone, the axis is perpendicular to the plane where the feed point plate is located, the cone point is close to the feed plate, and the bottom of the cone is far away from the feed plate; The dielectric rod extends along the axis, one end of the dielectric rod is electrically connected to the feed board through a feed point, and the other end of the dielectric rod is connected to the cone point of the first radiator, and the feed point is located at the geometric center of the feed board.

5. The combined antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The high-precision positioning antenna group includes a multi-feed point air dielectric loaded antenna, which at least includes a substrate, a second radiator and a multi-feed point structure; The substrate is parallel to the feeding board, and a line connecting the geometric center of the substrate and the geometric center of the feeding board is perpendicular to the plane where the feeding board is located; The second radiator includes a metal material layer attached to the substrate, and a coupling slot formed by slotting the metal material layer, wherein the coupling slot is centrally symmetrical; The multi-feed point structure includes a plurality of PIN needles perpendicular to the plane where the substrate is located, one end of each of the PIN needles is connected to the feeding board to form a feeding point, and the other end penetrates the substrate and is connected to the metal material layer, and the connection points of the plurality of PIN needles and the metal material layer are evenly surrounded by the geometric center of the metal material layer.

6. The combined antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The multi-feed point air dielectric loaded antenna further comprises a choke structure, wherein the choke structure comprises a plurality of choke components uniformly surrounding the substrate; Each of the choke coil assemblies includes a horizontal choke piece and a vertical choke column, wherein the horizontal choke piece is coplanar with the substrate, the vertical choke column is perpendicular to the plane of the substrate, and one end of the vertical choke column is connected to the geometric center of the horizontal choke piece, and the other end is connected to the feed board.

7. The combined antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The multi-feed point air dielectric loaded antenna comprises a feeding network for high-precision positioning of the antenna, the feeding network is arranged on the feeding board, and the feeding network is electrically connected to the PIN needle through the feeding point; The feeding network includes at least a plurality of LC networks, and the LC networks are used to adjust a signal phase or perform signal filtering.

8. The combined antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The WiFi / BT antenna group includes a plurality of monopole antennas, each of the monopole antennas includes at least one third radiator, and the third radiator extends from a feeding point in a direction away from the feeding board; The third radiators of the plurality of monopole antennas are symmetrically arranged relative to the geometric center of the feeding board.

9. The combined antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cellular communication antenna group includes a plurality of short-circuit stub antennas, each of which includes at least a fourth radiator and a short-circuit stub structure; The fourth radiator extends from the feeding point in a direction away from the feeding board, and the fourth radiator is provided with a groove for coupling signals of different frequency bands to form a multi-band signal transmission and reception capability; One end of the short-circuit branch structure is connected to the fourth radiator, and the other end is connected to the feeding board, so as to form a signal transmission path in a high-frequency band through short-circuit coupling; The fourth radiators of the multiple short-circuit stub antennas are symmetrically arranged relative to the geometric center of the feeding board.

10. The combined antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding plate is a circular feeding plate, and each of the antenna groups is symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the circular feeding plate, wherein the central axis is perpendicular to the plane where the circular feeding plate is located and passes through the center of the circular feeding plate.

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