A factory-based seedling raising and cultivation method for shortening the growth period of Fritillaria cirrhosa

Abstract

The invention provides a factory-based seedling raising and cultivation method for shortening the growth period of Fritillaria cirrhosa. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, selecting a cultivation germplasm and a cultivation environment; step 2, purchasing a plurality of culture racks according to the size of a factory building, and arranging the plurality of culture racks to form a plurality of rows; the factory building is further equipped with an integrated environment control master controller; each layer of each culture rack is provided with a seedling raising device; a plug tray is placed in the seedling raising device; step 3, sterilizing seeds with an embryo rate (embryo length / endosperm length) greater than 90% and sowing them in the plug tray, and covering the seeds with a substrate of 1 to 1.5 cm; step 4, adding a nutrient solution to the seeds, and applying a fish protein water-soluble fertilizer and a Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum composite fertilizer after the seeds germinate; and step 5, controlling growth conditions, setting the growth cycle of Fritillaria cirrhosa to 120 to 160 days, wherein 100 to 150 days is a growth period and 10 to 30 days is a dormancy period, and performing cultivation, so as to achieve 2 to 3 growth cycles of cultivation within one year.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, and in particular to a factory-based seedling raising and cultivation method for shortening the growth period of Fritillaria cirrhosa. Background Art

[0002] Fritillaria cirrhosa is a Liliaceae ( Liliaceae ) Fritillaria ( Fritillaria Fritillaria cirrhosa (L), the dried bulbs of various plants, is a commonly used and precious medicinal ingredient in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Widely distributed in Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan, the Qinba Mountains of Shaanxi, and Gansu, it boasts benefits such as clearing heat and moistening the lungs, resolving phlegm and relieving coughs, and dispersing nodules and eliminating carbuncles. Fritillaria cirrhosa prefers cool climates, is cold-tolerant, enjoys moisture, is sensitive to high humidity, and prefers shade. The plant withers when temperatures reach 30°C or when ground temperatures exceed 25°C, and cannot survive in areas with low altitudes and high temperatures. In plateau regions, the primary cultivation method for Fritillaria cirrhosa is still field sowing, resulting in a short annual growth cycle of 90 to 120 days. The process from seed germination to bulb harvest typically takes four to five years. Currently, the market supply of Fritillaria cirrhosa relies primarily on wild collection, but its growth cycle is long and resource regeneration is slow. Existing artificial cultivation methods are restricted by environmental factors, making cultivation difficult, costly, and risky, making large-scale adoption and meeting market demand difficult. Therefore, the development of seedling and cultivation methods that can shorten the growth period of Fritillaria cirrhosa is urgent. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention addresses the current lack of technology that can shorten the growth period of Fritillaria cirrhosa and cultivate it in a factory-based manner, thereby providing a factory-based seedling cultivation and cultivation method that shortens the growth period of Fritillaria cirrhosa. This method solves the problems of Fritillaria cirrhosa's long growth period and long dormancy period in natural environments, high artificial cultivation costs, and difficulty in large-scale mass production. It significantly shortens the Fritillaria cirrhosa seedling cultivation cycle, improves the survival rate, and reduces seedling cultivation costs. Currently, factory-based seedling cultivation of multiple Fritillaria cirrhosa varieties has been achieved.

[0004] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the technical solutions adopted in this application are as follows:

[0005] A factory-based seedling raising and cultivation method for shortening the growth period of Fritillaria cirrhosa comprises the following steps:

[0006] Step 1, select the cultivation environment;

[0007] Step 2: purchasing a number of culture racks according to the size of the factory building, and arranging the culture racks into multiple rows; the factory building is also equipped with an integrated environmental control system, which includes a temperature and humidity control system, an irrigation system, a ventilation system, and a fire protection system; each shelf of each culture rack is equipped with a seedling raising device; and the seedling raising device is equipped with a plug tray.

[0008] Step 3: After sterilizing the seeds with an embryo rate greater than 90%, sow them in plug trays, with the seeds covering the substrate by 1 to 1.5 cm;

[0009] Step 4: Add nutrient solution to the seeds, and apply fish protein water-soluble fertilizer and Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum compound fertilizer after the seeds germinate;

[0010] Step 5, controlling the growth conditions, setting the growth cycle of Fritillaria cirrhosa to 120 to 160 days, of which 100 to 150 days are the growth period and 10 to 30 days are the dormancy period, and cultivating the Fritillaria cirrhosa to achieve 2 to 3 growth cycles within one year.

[0011] Preferably, the Fritillaria cirrhosa is replaced by one of Fritillaria unibracteata PK Hsiao & KC Hsia, Fritillaria taipaiensis PY Li and Fritillaria unibracteata var. wabuensis (SY Tang & SC Yueh) ZD Liu, Shu Wang & SC Chen).

[0012] Preferably, the cultivation environment includes: temperature of -10 ~ 25 ° C, air humidity of 50 ~ 80%, and altitude of 2000 ~ 4000 meters.

[0013] Preferably, in step 2, three 17W LED plant fill light strips are installed on each shelf, with a red-to-blue ratio of 5:1; and / or, the factory building is a glass greenhouse or a film greenhouse, and more preferably, the factory building is also provided with a shading system.

[0014] Preferably, in step 3, the control parameters for disinfection are: using a 500-1000 times aqueous solution of carbendazim or mancozeb as the disinfectant for 10-20 minutes; and / or, the control parameters for sowing are: sowing 2 seeds per hole with a spacing of 1-2 cm; and / or, the substrate is peat.

[0015] Preferably, in step 4, the nutrient solution is: Hoagland's solution diluted with N, P, and K in a ratio of about 4:1:6, containing N 60-200 mg / L, P 20-60 mg / L, and K 70-300 mg / L.

[0016] Preferably, in step 4, the fish protein water-soluble fertilizer is applied by hydroponics or foliar spraying, wherein the hydroponics method requires the fish protein water-soluble fertilizer to be diluted 1000 times and applied twice a month; the foliar spraying method requires the fish protein water-soluble fertilizer to be diluted 2000 times and applied twice a month.

[0017] Preferably, in step 4, the Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum composite fertilizer is applied hydroponically or by foliar spraying, wherein the hydroponic method requires the composite fertilizer to be diluted 1000 times and applied twice a month; the foliar spraying method requires the composite fertilizer to be diluted 2000 times and applied once a month.

[0018] Preferably, step 4 further comprises: covering the Fritillaria cirrhosa seedlings with a sunshade net, controlling the shading rate to 45-55%, controlling the ambient temperature to 15±3° C., and maintaining ventilation.

[0019] Preferably, in step 5, the cultivation process includes: covering the Fritillaria cirrhosa seedlings with a shade net, controlling the shading rate to 40-60%, controlling the ambient temperature to 18±3°C, maintaining good ventilation, and starting a growth cycle; after each growth period, stopping the water supply and fertilizer supply, and controlling the temperature at 4-8°C until the above-ground part of the seedlings withers, i.e., entering a dormant period; then stacking each plug tray and placing it in a cold storage at 0-4°C for 10-20 days, and then repeating the above process to enter a new growth cycle.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] By optimizing the seedling raising and cultivation processes, the present invention enables cirrhosis of the fritillaria cirrhosa to grow for 2 to 3 cycles a year, shortening the cultivation period by 1 to 2 years, greatly improving the sustainability and economic benefits of cirrhosis of the fritillaria cirrhosa cultivation, and providing important technical support for the large-scale and standardized cultivation of cirrhosis of the fritillaria cirrhosa. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is a layout diagram of a plant in an embodiment of the present invention, including 1. return pipe, 2. water tank, 3. water pump, 4. water pipe, 5. culture rack, and 6. plant floor.

[0023] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of plug tray cultivation in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein 102 is the plug tray, 105 is the cultivation medium, and 106 is the Fritillaria seedling.

[0024] Figure 3 The table shows the physical objects of the existing one-year-old and two-year-old Fritillaria cirrhosa in Example 1 of the present invention. The data unit in the table is mg.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a physical picture of the Fritillaria cirrhosa bulbs harvested after the third growth cycle (one-year-old) in Example 1 of the present invention. The data unit in the table is mg.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a physical picture of the Fritillaria cirrhosa bulbs grown and harvested over two years in Example 1 of the present invention. The data in the table are in mg.

[0027] Figure 6 These are actual pictures of the dark purple Fritillaria bulbs obtained in Examples 2 and 3 of the present invention, wherein Figure A shows the three-year-old dark purple Fritillaria bulbs harvested in Example 3 of the present invention, Figure B shows the two-year-old dark purple Fritillaria bulbs harvested in Example 3 of the present invention, Figure C shows the one-year-old dark purple Fritillaria bulbs harvested in Example 2 of the present invention, Figure D shows the existing commercially available two-year-old dark purple Fritillaria bulbs, and Figure E shows the existing commercially available one-year-old dark purple Fritillaria bulbs. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that if specific conditions are not specified in the examples, the experiments were carried out according to conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used, if the manufacturer is not specified, are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0029] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, which are intended to explain the present invention rather than to limit it.

[0030] The "embryo ratio" mentioned in this embodiment refers to the ratio of embryo length to endosperm length.

[0031] The "falling seedlings" mentioned in this embodiment means that the above-ground part of the Fritillaria cirrhosa seedlings withers, the nutrients shrink, and enter dormancy. When most (more than 95%) of the seedlings wither, dormancy treatment can be performed. Example 1

[0032] This embodiment provides a factory-based seedling cultivation and planting method for shortening the growth period of Fritillaria cirrhosa, comprising the following steps:

[0033] 1) Cultivated germplasm selection: Fritillaria cirrhosa ( Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don).

[0034] 2) Cultivation Environment Selection: Take Bianba County, Qamdo City, Tibet Autonomous Region, as an example. Bianba County is located at 95° east longitude and 30° north latitude, with an average altitude of 3,500 meters. The temperature ranges from -25°C to 21°C, precipitation ranges from 1 to 12 mm, and humidity ranges from 50% to 80%.

[0035] 3) Facility Requirements: Purchase several culture racks, specifically iron shelves, based on the size of the factory building. Arrange the shelves in multiple rows. In this example, the factory building is 266 square meters, specifically a glass greenhouse. The shelves are 6 meters x 1 meter x 2.2 meters in size and are arranged in two rows with a 2-meter aisle between the rows. Each row has two shelves and a 1-meter aisle between the rows, for a total of 10 rows. Figure 1The factory is also equipped with an integrated environmental control system, including a 24-hour temperature and humidity control system (for temperature and humidity control), a micro-sprinkler irrigation system (for watering and spraying), a ventilation system (for ventilation), and a fire prevention system. Each shelf is equipped with a seedling raising device. Each shelf is equipped with three 17W LED plant light strips with a red-to-blue ratio of 5:1. The seedling raising device uses a commercially available, general-purpose circulating hydroponic instrument, measuring 66 cm long, 30.5 cm wide, and 36.5 cm high. Before use, the components and housing are cleaned and disinfected by soaking them in 3mg / L potassium permanganate. 9L of tap water is added to the hydroponic instrument's hydroponic tank. Plug trays are placed in the hydroponic tank. The trays are 50 cm long and 25 cm wide, with 5 x 10 holes (5 rows of 10 holes per row). Each hole has an upper diameter of 46 mm, a lower diameter of 20 mm, and a depth of 150 mm. The size of the hydroponic pool is an even multiple of the length or width of the plug tray, and the depth is 15cm. Nutrient solution is added to the hydroponic pool for hydroponic cultivation, and the nutrient solution is circulated, filtered and sterilized through the circulation device of the circulating hydroponic instrument. Figure 2 shown.

[0036] In this embodiment, a shading system is also provided, specifically a three-layer sunshade net structure, which is used to adjust the light transmittance in the greenhouse according to the light requirements of the Fritillaria cirrhosa seedlings.

[0037] 4) Sowing: Use Fritillaria cirrhosa seeds that have been naturally stratified (sand storage, cryopreservation, or factory stratification are also acceptable) to ensure plump embryos. Select seeds with an embryo ratio (embryo length / endosperm length) greater than 90%. After disinfection, sow in plug trays between April and June of the same year. Cover the seeds with a 1 to 1.5 cm thick peat substrate, sowing two seeds per hole with a spacing of 1 to 2 cm. Seed disinfection parameters are as follows: disinfect with a 1000x solution of carbendazim (mancozeb is also acceptable) in water for 20 minutes.

[0038] 5) Cultivation and Management Methods: Maintain a nutrient solution layer height of 0.5 to 2 cm in the hydroponic tank. The nutrient solution should be Hoagland's solution diluted with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in a ratio of approximately 4:1:6, containing 60 to 200 mg / L nitrogen, 20 to 60 mg / L phosphorus, and 70 to 300 mg / L potassium. After seedlings emerge, apply additional fish protein fertilizer using either hydroponic or foliar spraying. For hydroponic cultivation, dilute the fish protein fertilizer 1000-fold and apply twice monthly. For foliar spraying, dilute the fish protein fertilizer 2000-fold and apply twice monthly. In this example, foliar spraying was used.

[0039] Furthermore, a compound fertilizer of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum was added, either hydroponically or by foliar spraying. For hydroponics, the compound fertilizer needed to be diluted 1000 times and applied twice a month; for foliar spraying, the compound fertilizer needed to be diluted 2000 times and applied once a month. In this embodiment, foliar spraying was used.

[0040] At the same time, cover the Fritillaria cirrhosa seedlings with a shade net to control the shading rate to about 50%, control the ambient temperature at 15℃, and maintain good ventilation.

[0041] 6) Cultivation and Dormancy Breaking: A growth cycle of 120 days is defined, with 100 days of growth (depending on the actual seedling collapse) and 20 days of dormancy. This allows for three growth cycles within a year. To begin, cover the Fritillaria cirrhosa seedlings with a shade net, maintaining a shading rate of approximately 50%. Maintain an ambient temperature of 15°C and good ventilation to initiate a growth cycle. After each growth cycle, remove water and fertilizer from the hydroponic tank or tray, and maintain a temperature of 4-8°C until the above-ground portion of the seedlings withers (collapses), marking the beginning of a dormant period. At this point, stack the trays and refrigerate them in a cold storage at 0-4°C for 10-20 days. Repeat the process to begin a new growth cycle. After the third round of growth cycle, a single Fritillaria bulb can reach the size requirement of a three-year-old bulb in the field, and the average fresh weight of a single bulb can reach 1.765g (the average fresh weight of a single one-year-old Fritillaria bulb is about 0.096g, and the average fresh weight of a single two-year-old bulb is about 0.463g). Figure 3 ), as shown in Figure 4 Transplanting it to the field at this time is already from April to June of the following year, when the temperature is suitable and it can be harvested at the end of the year. The biomass of the bulbs is equivalent to that of 4-year-old Fritillaria cirrhosa cultivated in the field, and the average fresh weight of a single bulb is 4.180g. Figure 5 shown. Example 2

[0042] This embodiment provides a factory-based seedling raising and cultivation method for shortening the growth period of Fritillaria thunbergii, comprising the following steps:

[0043] 1) Cultivated germplasm selection: Fritillaria unibracteata PK Hsiao & K. C. Hsia.

[0044] 2) Cultivation environment selection and facility requirements: Same as Example 1.

[0045] 3) Sowing: Use low temperature stratification treatment (0-4℃) to make the dark purple Fritillaria seeds full of embryos. Select seeds with an embryo rate (embryo length / endosperm length) greater than 90%. Sowing can be done all year round. Sow in hole trays, cover the seeds with a 1-1.5cm substrate of peat, and sow 2 seeds in each hole with a spacing of 1-2cm.

[0046] 4) Cultivation and management methods: Same as Example 1.

[0047] 5) Cultivation and dormancy-breaking methods: Set 120 days as a growth cycle, of which 100 days are the growth period (depending on the actual situation of the dark purple Fritillaria seedlings falling over), and 20 days are the dormancy period. Three growth cycles can be cultivated in one year. The specific operation is: Cover the dark purple Fritillaria seedlings with a shade net, control the shading rate to about 50%, control the ambient temperature to 15°C, maintain good ventilation, and start a growth cycle. After each growth period, the hydroponic pool or tray stops supplying water and fertilizer, and the temperature is controlled at 0-4°C until the above-ground part of the seedlings withers (falls over), and enters the dormant period. At this time, stack each hole tray and put it in a cold storage at 4°C for 20 to 30 days, and then repeat the above process to enter a new growth cycle. After the third round of growth cycle, the dark purple Fritillaria bulbs can reach the size requirements of three-year-olds in the field and can be harvested. The actual picture of the obtained dark purple Fritillaria is as follows Figure 6 As shown in Figure C, the average fresh weight of a single bulb is 0.74g. Example 3

[0048] This embodiment provides a factory-based seedling raising and cultivation method for shortening the growth period of Fritillaria thunbergii, comprising the following steps:

[0049] Steps 1) to 4) are the same as in Example 3.

[0050] 5) Cultivation and dormancy-breaking methods: Set 160 days as a growth cycle, of which 140 days are the growth period (depending on the actual situation of the dark purple Fritillaria seedlings falling over), and 20 days are the dormancy period. Two growth cycles can be cultivated in one year. The specific operation is: cover the dark purple Fritillaria seedlings with a shade net, control the shading rate to about 50%, control the ambient temperature to 15°C, maintain good ventilation, and start a growth cycle. After each growth period, the hydroponic pool or tray stops supplying water and fertilizer, and the temperature is controlled at 0-4°C until the above-ground part of the seedlings withers (falls over), and enters a dormant period. At this time, stack each hole tray and put it in a cold storage at 4°C for 20 to 30 days, and then repeat the above process to enter a new growth cycle. After the third round of growth cycle, the dark purple Fritillaria bulbs are transplanted to the field for continued cultivation for 2 years. The actual picture of the dark purple Fritillaria obtained after continuing cultivation for 1 year is as follows Figure 6 As shown in Figure B (the average fresh weight of a single bulb is 2.97g), the actual picture of the dark purple Fritillaria obtained after 2 years of cultivation is as follows Figure 6As shown in Figure A (the average fresh weight of a single bulb is 4.85g), the size requirements of four-year-old and five-year-old bulbs in the field can be met respectively.

[0051] The above-described embodiments merely illustrate several implementations of the present invention, and while their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art would be able to make numerous variations and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A factory-based seedling cultivation method for shortening the growth period of Fritillaria cirrhosa, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1, select the cultivation environment; Step 2: purchasing a number of culture racks according to the size of the factory building, and arranging the culture racks into multiple rows; the factory building is also equipped with an integrated environmental control system, which includes a temperature and humidity control system, an irrigation system, a ventilation system, and a fire protection system; each shelf of each culture rack is equipped with a seedling raising device; and the seedling raising device is equipped with a plug tray. Step 3: After sterilizing the seeds with an embryo rate greater than 90%, sow them in plug trays, with the seeds covering the substrate by 1 to 1.5 cm; Step 4: Add nutrient solution to the seeds, and apply fish protein water-soluble fertilizer and Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum compound fertilizer after the seeds germinate; Step 5, controlling the growth conditions, setting the growth cycle of Fritillaria cirrhosa to 120-160 days, of which 100-150 days are the growth period and 10-30 days are the dormancy period, and cultivating the Fritillaria cirrhosa to achieve 2-3 growth cycles in one year; In step 2, three 17W LED plant light strips are installed on each shelf, with a red to blue ratio of 5:1; The step 4 further includes: covering the Fritillaria cirrhosa seedlings with a sunshade net to control the shading rate to 45-55%, controlling the ambient temperature to 15±3° C., and maintaining ventilation; In step 5, the cultivation process includes: covering the Fritillaria cirrhosa seedlings with a shade net to control the shading rate to 40-60%, controlling the ambient temperature to 18±3°C, maintaining good ventilation, and starting a growth cycle; after each growth period, stopping the water and fertilizer supply, and controlling the temperature at 4-8°C until the above-ground part of the seedlings withers, i.e., entering a dormant period; then stacking each plug tray and placing it in a cold storage at 0-4°C for 10-20 days, and then repeating the above process to enter a new growth cycle.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The Fritillaria cirrhosa is replaced by one of Fritillaria thunbergii, Fritillaria taibai and Fritillaria wabuensis.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The cultivation environment includes: temperature of -10 to 25°C, air humidity of 50 to 80%, and altitude of 2000 to 4000 meters.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein In step 2, the factory building is a glass greenhouse or a film greenhouse.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The factory building is also provided with a shading system.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein In step 3, the control parameters for disinfection are: a 500-1000 times aqueous solution of carbendazim or mancozeb is used as the disinfectant, and disinfection is performed for 10-20 minutes; and / or, the control parameters for sowing are: 2 seeds are sown in each hole with a spacing of 1-2 cm; and / or, the substrate is peat.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 4, the nutrient solution is: Hoagland's solution dilution, in which the proportions of N, P, and K are: N 60 ~ 200 mg / L, P 20 ~ 60 mg / L, K 70 ~ 300 mg / L, respectively.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 4, the fish protein water-soluble fertilizer is applied hydroponically or by foliar spraying. For the hydroponics method, the fish protein water-soluble fertilizer needs to be diluted 1000 times and applied twice a month; for the foliar spraying method, the fish protein water-soluble fertilizer needs to be diluted 2000 times and applied twice a month.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 4, the Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum composite fertilizer is applied hydroponically or by foliar spraying. For the hydroponics method, the composite fertilizer needs to be diluted 1000 times and applied twice a month; for the foliar spraying method, the composite fertilizer needs to be diluted 2000 times and applied once a month.

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