Hidden anti-explosion multi-coating structure for military shelter

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of military protection, and particularly relates to a stealth anti-explosion multi-coating structure for a military shelter, a bonding layer in the stealth anti-explosion multi-coating structure can enhance the bonding force between a polyurea matrix and a base material, and the coating is endowed with excellent adhesive force; the flame-retardant polyurea layer is used for delaying the combustion time and the combustion spreading trend and endowing the coating with an environment-friendly and efficient flame-retardant effect, and the wave-absorbing and explosion-proof layer is used for endowing the coating with broadband stealth and excellent explosion-proof effects through the composite effect of a multi-element nano composite material, so that the explosion-proof multi-coating structure has excellent mechanical properties, and the anti-explosion effect is good. The military shelter has the multifunctional characteristics of impact resistance, flame retardance, explosion prevention, stealth and the like, and protection of impact resistance, flame retardance, explosion prevention, stealth function and the like of the military shelter can be enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of military protection, and in particular relates to a stealth explosion-proof multi-coating structure for military shelters. Background Art

[0002] Military shelters refer to a box-type workroom that is organically combined with various solid materials and has a fixed or expandable volume, with protective performance and can be transported. Simply put, it is similar to a container. According to different needs, different equipment and devices can be loaded, and there are also higher requirements for reliability, electromagnetic compatibility, air tightness, heat insulation, explosion-proof or concealment.

[0003] Military shelters are mainly used to protect military personnel, supplies and equipment. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of military resources during wartime, military shelters should have a certain degree of concealment. In addition, when war breaks out, it is often accompanied by explosions and flames. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of military shelters and the surrounding environment, military shelters should also have certain flame retardant, explosion-proof and impact-resistant protective functions. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a stealth explosion-proof multi-coating structure for military shelters, which is beneficial to enhance the impact resistance, flame retardancy, explosion resistance and stealth function of the military shelters, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a stealth and explosion-proof multi-coating structure for military shelters, comprising: a bonding layer, located on one side of an alloy substrate; a functional layer one, located on the side of the primer layer away from the alloy substrate, the functional layer one is a flame retardant layer, used to delay the burning time and slow down the burning spread trend; a functional layer two, located on the side of the functional layer one away from the alloy substrate, the functional layer two is a wave-absorbing and explosion-proof layer, used to block the impact of explosion waves and absorb waves for stealth.

[0006] Preferably, the bonding layer is a polyurea matching primer for the alloy.

[0007] Preferably, the flame retardant layer is prepared from the following ingredients:

[0008] Aromatic isocyanate, mass fraction 50-60%;

[0009] Polyether polyol, molecular weight 1000-2000, mass fraction 40-50%;

[0010] Chain extender, mass fraction 15-25%;

[0011] Flame retardant amine chain extender, mass fraction 10-15%;

[0012] Synergistic flame retardant, mass fraction 5-10%;

[0013] Anti-aging additive, mass fraction 0.5-1.5%;

[0014] Dewatering agent, mass fraction 3-5%;

[0015] Catalyst, mass fraction 0.3-0.5%;

[0016] Color paste, mass fraction 3-5%.

[0017] Preferably, the flame retardant amine chain extender is prepared by the following steps:

[0018] Phosphorus oxychloride and small molecule alcohol are dissolved in tetrahydrofuran / triethylamine solution and reacted under the catalysis of anhydrous aluminum oxide;

[0019] Under the action of potassium carbonate / methyl ethyl ketone solution, it reacts with excess acetaminophen;

[0020] React in a certain concentration of sodium hydroxide solution, wash and dry after reduced pressure distillation

[0021] Preferably, the wave-absorbing and explosion-proof layer is made of the following ingredients:

[0022] Aromatic isocyanate, mass fraction 50-60%;

[0023] Polyether polyol, mass fraction 40-50%;

[0024] Amine chain extender, mass fraction 15-25%;

[0025] Dewatering agent, mass fraction 3-5%;

[0026] Catalyst, mass fraction 0.3-0.5%;

[0027] Color paste, mass fraction 3-5%;

[0028] Multicomponent nanocomposites, including functionalized carbon nanotubes, graphene / γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles, and SnO2 / ZnO layered nanostructures.

[0029] Preferably, the functionalized carbon nanotubes are amino-treated carbon nanotubes, and the carbon nanotubes are single-walled carbon nanotubes.

[0030] Preferably, the thickness of the bonding layer is 0.1-0.3 mm.

[0031] Preferably, the thickness of the functional layer 1 and the functional layer 2 is 1.5-2.5 mm.

[0032] Preferably, the spraying interval of the bonding layer and the functional layer 1 is 4-48 hours after the primer is cured.

[0033] Preferably, the spraying interval of the functional layer 1 and the functional layer 2 is within 48 hours after spraying.

[0034] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention: The stealth explosion-proof multi-coating structure for military shelters proposed by the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0035] The bonding layer in the present invention can enhance the bonding force between the polyurea matrix and the substrate, giving the coating excellent adhesion; the flame-retardant polyurea layer is used to delay the burning time and the burning spread trend, giving the coating an environmentally friendly and efficient flame-retardant effect; the wave-absorbing explosion-proof layer gives the coating a wide-band stealth and excellent explosion-proof effect through the composite effect of the multi-component nano-composite material, so that the explosion-proof multi-coating structure has excellent mechanical properties and has multifunctional characteristics such as impact resistance, flame retardancy, explosion protection, and stealth, which is beneficial to enhancing the impact resistance, flame retardancy, explosion protection, and stealth protection of the military shelter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a stealth explosion-proof multi-coating structure for a military shelter according to the present invention;

[0037] In the figure: 1. alloy substrate; 2. bonding layer; 3. functional layer 1; 4. functional layer 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] The present invention provides Figure 1 The stealth and explosion-proof multi-coating structure shown is used for military shelters, and includes: an alloy substrate 1, a bonding layer 2, a functional layer 1 3, and a functional layer 2 4.

[0040] In this embodiment, the bonding layer 2 is located on one side of the alloy substrate 1; the functional layer 3 is located on the side of the primer layer away from the alloy substrate 1 (that is, the functional layer 3 is located on the surface of the bonding layer 2), and the functional layer 1 is a flame retardant layer, which is used to delay the burning time and slow down the spread of burning; the functional layer 2 is located on the side of the functional layer 1 away from the alloy substrate (that is, the functional layer 2 4 is located on the surface of the functional layer 3), and the functional layer 2 is a wave-absorbing and explosion-proof layer, which is used to block the impact of the explosion wave and absorb the stealth to prevent the enemy from discovering the target to protect the safety of the ammunition.

[0041] Furthermore, the bonding layer in the present invention can enhance the bonding force between the polyurea matrix and the substrate, giving the coating excellent adhesion; the flame-retardant polyurea layer is used to delay the burning time and the burning spread trend, giving the coating an environmentally friendly and efficient flame-retardant effect; the wave-absorbing and explosion-proof layer gives the coating a wide-band stealth and excellent explosion-proof effect through the composite effect of the multi-component nano-composite material, so that the explosion-proof multi-coating structure has excellent mechanical properties and has multifunctional characteristics such as impact resistance, flame retardancy, explosion protection, and stealth, which is beneficial to enhance the impact resistance, flame retardancy, explosion protection, and stealth function of the military shelter.

[0042] In this embodiment, the preparation method of the multi-coating structure is:

[0043] S1. Use electric angle grinder and other tools to grind the alloy substrate and remove dust on the surface of the substrate;

[0044] S2. Apply the bonding layer by brush, specifically the alloy-specific polyurea primer;

[0045] S3, prepare functional layer 1, specifically: under inert conditions, heat 45 parts by weight of polytetramethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 2000 to 100-120°C, dehydrate at vacuum negative pressure (-0.1MPa) for at least 0.5h until no bubbles are generated; then cool to 50-60°C, add 55 parts by weight of diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and react at 80-90°C for 1.5-2h to obtain semi-prepolymer A component 49.5 parts by weight of polyoxypropylene ether glycol with a molecular weight of 2000, 20 parts of 3,5-diethyltoluenediamine, 10 parts of synthetic flame retardant amine chain extenders, 10 parts of synergistic flame retardants (including 8 parts of expanded graphite and 1 part of molybdenum disulfide), 0.8 parts of aging aids UV-2 and 0.8 parts of aging aids 292, 5 parts of 3A molecular sieves, 5 parts of commercially available color pastes and 0.5 parts of catalyst C1 were dispersed and stirred uniformly to obtain component B. 4-48 hours after the primer was cured, the above components A and B were sprayed on the side of the primer layer in a volume ratio of 1:1 using a spraying device to prepare a flame retardant polyurea layer.

[0046] S4. Prepare the second functional layer, specifically: under inert conditions, heat 35 parts by weight of polycaprolactone polyol with a molecular weight of 1000 to 100-120°C, dehydrate at a vacuum negative pressure (-0.1MPa) for at least 0.5h until no bubbles are generated; then cool to 50-60°C, add 65 parts by weight of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI-50 and MDI-100 mass ratio 1:1), and react at 80-90°C for 1.5-2h to obtain a semi-prepolymer C component; add 55 parts by weight of polyoxypropylene ether diol with a molecular weight of 1000, 19 parts of 3,5-diethyltoluenediamine, and 6 parts of a chain extender Wanali nk6200, 9 parts of 3,3'-dichloro-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 2.5 parts of multi-component nanocomposite materials (functionalized carbon nanotubes: graphene / γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles: SnO2 / ZnO layered nanostructures in a mass ratio of 2:1; 1), 5 parts of 3A molecular sieves, 3 parts of commercially available color pastes and 0.5 parts of catalyst C1 were dispersed and stirred at a speed of 1500r / min for 30 minutes, and then dispersed evenly by ultrasonic dispersion for 24 hours to obtain component D. Within 48 hours of spraying the functional layer 1, the C component and the D component were sprayed on the functional layer 1 in a volume ratio of 1:1 to prepare a multi-coating structure.

[0047] Specifically, the aromatic isocyanate in the functional layer 1 is diphenylmethane diisocyanate, with a mass fraction of 50-60%; the polyether polyol is one or more of polytetramethylene glycol and propylene oxide polyol, with a molecular weight of 1000-2000, with a mass fraction of 40-50% in component A and 40-50% in component B; the chain extender is diethyltoluenediamine, with a mass fraction of 15-25%; the flame retardant amine chain extender is aminophosphoric acid ester, with a mass fraction of 10-15%; the synergistic flame retardant is molybdenum disulfide and expanded graphite, with a mass fraction of 5-10%; the aging resistance additives are UV-2 and 292, with a mass fraction of 0.5-1.5%; the dehydrating agent is 3A molecular sieve, with a mass fraction of 3-5%; the catalyst is C1, with a mass fraction of 0.3-0.5%; the color paste is a commercially available color paste, with a mass fraction of 3-5%.

[0048] Specifically, the functionalized carbon nanotubes are amino-modified carbon nanotubes, the carbon nanotubes are single-walled carbon nanotubes, and the specific method for preparing the carbon nanotubes is as follows:

[0049] The carbon nanotube raw material is mixed with a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid / concentrated nitric acid (mass ratio 1:1) in a ratio of 0.1:100 (weight ratio), treated under 80kHz ultrasound for 24 hours, stirred and mixed at 70°C, filtered, and washed repeatedly with water until the filtrate is neutral. After vacuum drying, hydroxyl-functionalized carbon nanotubes can be obtained.

[0050] Under inert conditions, the single-necked flask was first vacuum treated to remove water vapor, and then filled with N2. 0.1 weight parts of hydroxylated carbon nanotubes were added to the treated single-necked flask, and after vacuuming again and filling with nitrogen, 100 weight parts of dimethylacetamide (DMAC) were added to the flask and ultrasonicated for 30 minutes; then 1 weight part of azobisbutyl nitrile (AI BN) and 1 weight part of acrylic acid were added to the flask, and the flask was placed in a constant temperature water bath at 60°C and ultrasonicated for 5 hours, washed with water and vacuum filtered, and then washed with acetone to vacuum filter, and placed in an oven at 80°C and dried to constant weight to obtain carboxylated carbon nanotubes.

[0051] First, the single-mouth flask was vacuum-treated to remove water vapor, and then filled with N2. 0.1 weight parts of carboxylated carbon nanotubes were added to the treated single-mouth flask, which was vacuum-treated and filled with nitrogen again. 100 weight parts of dimethylacetamide (DMAC) were added to the flask and ultrasonicated for 30 minutes. Then, 4 weight parts of terminal amino polyether D230 were added to the flask, and the flask was placed in constant temperature oil at 80°C and ultrasonicated for 48 hours. The flask was washed with distilled water several times and vacuum-filtered. The water was washed with acetone and vacuum-filtered. The flask was dried in an oven at 80°C to constant weight to obtain amino-functionalized carbon nanotubes.

[0052] In a further embodiment, the thickness of the adhesive layer is 0.1-0.3 mm. The thickness of the functional layer 1 and the functional layer 2 is 1.5-2.5 mm.

[0053] In a further embodiment, the interval between spraying the bonding layer and the first functional layer is 4-48 hours after the primer is cured, and the interval between spraying the first functional layer and the second functional layer is within 48 hours after spraying.

[0054] In a further embodiment, the flame retardant amine chain extender is an aminophosphoric acid ester chain extender, and the preparation method is as follows:

[0055] Phosphorus oxychloride and small molecule alcohols such as sorbitol or pentaerythritol are dissolved in tetrahydrofuran / triethylamine solution, and reacted for a period of time after heating under the catalysis of anhydrous aluminum trioxide, and then filtered by vacuum distillation, washing, and obtaining a crude product. The obtained crude product is reacted with excess acetaminophen under the action of potassium carbonate / butanone solution, and the phenolic hydroxyl group replaces Cl to obtain an intermediate product. Subsequently, the reaction is carried out for several hours at a certain temperature in a sodium hydroxide solution of a certain concentration, and the final product - aminophosphoric acid ester chain extender is obtained by vacuum distillation, washing, and drying.

[0056] It is worth mentioning that since a single nanomaterial is difficult to meet the multi-band stealth requirements, nanomaterials with different stealth functions are introduced into the explosion-proof polyurea matrix resin for compounding to broaden its stealth band. Carbon nanotubes can be treated with acid to add functional groups, giving carbon its metal oxide growth sites, so that carbon nanotubes can be used as carriers of metal oxides to prepare composite absorbers with electromagnetic dual loss performance; a large number of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles are generated on the surface of graphene oxide through reduction and oxidation reactions to enhance the electrical polarization characteristics of the graphene oxide surface and reduce the reflectivity of radar waves; SnO2 is coated on the ZnO surface by coprecipitation to prepare a layered SnO2 / ZnO nanostructure. Adding these nanomaterials with several structures to the explosion-proof polyurea matrix resin can improve its stealth performance.

[0057] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A stealth explosion-proof multi-coating structure for military shelters, characterized in that: include: a bonding layer, located on one side of the alloy substrate; Functional layer 1, located on the side of the primer layer away from the alloy substrate, the functional layer 1 is a flame retardant layer for delaying the burning time and slowing down the burning spread trend; The second functional layer is located on the side of the first functional layer away from the alloy substrate. The second functional layer is a wave-absorbing and explosion-proof layer, which is used to block the impact of explosion waves and absorb waves for stealth.

2. The stealth explosion-proof multi-coating structure for military shelters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The bonding layer is a polyurea matching primer for the alloy.

3. The stealth explosion-proof multi-coating structure for military shelters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The flame retardant layer is prepared from the following ingredients: Aromatic isocyanate, mass fraction 50-60%; Polyether polyol, molecular weight 1000-2000, mass fraction 40-50%; Chain extender, mass fraction 15-25%; Flame retardant amine chain extender, mass fraction 10-15%; Synergistic flame retardant, mass fraction 5-10%; Anti-aging additive, mass fraction 0.5-1.5%; Dewatering agent, mass fraction 3-5%; Catalyst, mass fraction 0.3-0.5%; Color paste, mass fraction 3-5%.

4. The stealth explosion-proof multi-coating structure for military shelters according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The flame retardant amine chain extender is prepared by the following steps: Phosphorus oxychloride and small molecule alcohol are dissolved in tetrahydrofuran / triethylamine solution and reacted under the catalysis of anhydrous aluminum oxide; Under the action of potassium carbonate / methyl ethyl ketone solution, it reacts with excess acetaminophen; React in a sodium hydroxide solution of a certain concentration, and wash and dry by reduced pressure distillation.

5. The stealth explosion-proof multi-coating structure for military shelters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The wave-absorbing and explosion-proof layer is prepared from the following ingredients: Aromatic isocyanate, mass fraction 50-60%; Polyether polyol, mass fraction 40-50%; Amine chain extender, mass fraction 15-25%; Dewatering agent, mass fraction 3-5%; Catalyst, mass fraction 0.3-0.5%; Color paste, mass fraction 3-5%; Multicomponent nanocomposites, including functionalized carbon nanotubes, graphene / γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles, and SnO2 / ZnO layered nanostructures.

6. The stealth explosion-proof multi-coating structure for military shelters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The functionalized carbon nanotubes are amino-treated carbon nanotubes, and the carbon nanotubes are single-walled carbon nanotubes.

7. The stealth explosion-proof multi-coating structure for military shelters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The thickness of the bonding layer is 0.1-0.3 mm.

8. The stealth explosion-proof multi-coating structure for military shelters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The thickness of the functional layer 1 and the functional layer 2 is 1.5-2.5 mm.

9. The stealth explosion-proof multi-coating structure for military shelters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The spraying interval of the bonding layer and the functional layer 1 is 4-48 hours after the primer is cured.

10. The stealth explosion-proof multi-coating structure for military shelters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The spraying interval of the functional layer 1 and the functional layer 2 is within 48 hours after spraying.

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