Method for preparing ordered metal nanowires with large length-diameter ratio in batches

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of micro-nano structure manufacturing, and provides a method for preparing ordered metal nanowires with a large length-diameter ratio in batches. According to the method, metal salt is used as a metal source, a metal precursor solution suitable for electrostatic spinning conditions is prepared, ordered micron-sized metal precursor fibers with the large length-diameter ratio are prepared in batches through the low-voltage near-field electrostatic spinning technology, heat treatment is conducted on the micron-sized metal precursor fibers, solvents, auxiliaries and the like in the metal precursor fibers are pyrolyzed and volatilized, and the micron-sized metal precursor fibers with the large length-diameter ratio are obtained. And the metal precursor is reduced into a metal simple substance, the fiber volume is obviously reduced, the diameter is reduced from the micron level to the nano level, and the ordered metal nanowire is obtained. The spinning process is continuous, and batch ordered metal nanowires with a large length-diameter ratio can be prepared at a time. According to the method, the problems that in an existing metal nanowire preparation method, the length-diameter ratio of nanowires is too low, and the shapes are disordered are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of micro-nano structure manufacturing, and in particular to a method for batch preparing ordered metal nanowires with large aspect ratio. Background Art

[0002] As potential key components of next-generation nanoelectronic devices, research on the preparation and characterization of one-dimensional (1D) metallic nanostructured materials has grown exponentially.

[0003] Electrospinning technology is a simple and easy one-dimensional nanomaterial preparation method. Its principle is to use a high-voltage electrostatic field to drive the functional liquid to form a Taylor cone and eject a fine jet. The jet is stretched in the electric field, continuously refined, and finally deposited on the receiving substrate to form a continuous ultrafine fiber with a diameter ranging from nanometers to micrometers. By changing the physical properties of the functional liquid (viscosity, conductivity, surface tension, etc.) and the spinning process parameters (needle inner diameter, applied electric field strength, spinning height, etc.), micro-nano scale structures with different requirements can be prepared.

[0004] In the electrospinning process, by reducing the spinning distance and spinning voltage, the electrospun fibers can be deposited at fixed points in a two-dimensional plane or in an orderly manner along a predetermined trajectory. The literature "Long Zhu, Junsheng Liang, Xiaojian Li, Shijie Su, Huaan Wang, Jianping Xiao, Lujing Sun, Dazhi Wang. Preparation of high positioning accuracy lattice patterns with polymeric microfibers derived from near-field electrospinning [J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2023; 140: e54370." Using low-voltage near-field electrospinning technology, by optimizing printing parameters and printing sequence, a micron-sized polyethylene oxide (PEO) fiber array with high positioning accuracy and uniform arrangement was prepared. Although low-voltage near-field electrospinning can be used to prepare large aspect ratio ordered fibers in batches, the functional liquid used must be an electrode material with poor conductivity. When spinning with a metal slurry with good conductivity, a breakdown phenomenon will occur and a stable jet cannot be formed, and nanoscale metal conductive fibers cannot be directly spun.

[0005] There are many methods for preparing metal nanowires. For example, Chinese patent document CN 112481660 A discloses a method for preparing an ordered metal nanowire array. The method grows the metal nanowire array in a porous anodized aluminum template by electrochemical deposition, and then removes the template to obtain the metal nanowires. However, this method and the currently commonly used methods for preparing metal nanowires generally have problems such as low aspect ratio of the prepared nanowires, disordered morphology, and poor controllability during the preparation process. There are still certain difficulties in batch preparation of metal nanowires with large aspect ratio and orderly arrangement. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and invent a method for batch preparation of ordered metal nanowires with a large aspect ratio. Using metal salts as metal sources, a metal precursor solution suitable for electrospinning conditions is prepared, and the metal solid content in the precursor solution is about 1% to 30%. Low-voltage near-field electrospinning technology is used to batch prepare ordered micron-sized metal precursor fibers with a large aspect ratio. By heat treating the metal precursor fibers, the solvents and additives in the metal precursor fibers are pyrolyzed and volatilized, and the metal precursor is reduced to a metal element. The fiber volume shrinks, and the diameter is reduced from the micron level to the nanometer level, and ordered metal nanowires are obtained. This method solves the problems of too low aspect ratio of nanowires and disordered morphology in the existing metal nanowire preparation methods.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention:

[0008] A method for batch preparation of ordered metal nanowires with large aspect ratio, comprising the following steps:

[0009] First, a metal precursor solution is prepared, and then a low-voltage near-field electrospinning device is used to spin the metal precursor fibers 7-2 on the receiving substrate 7-1 according to a predetermined trajectory. The spun metal precursor fibers 7-2 are arranged in order on the receiving substrate 7-1 or straddle the grooves of the receiving substrate 7-1. The diameter of the spun metal precursor fibers 7-2 is controlled by adjusting the electrospinning parameters, and the receiving substrate 7-1 and the metal precursor fibers 7-2 thereon are placed in a high-temperature furnace 9 for heat treatment, so that the solvent and additives in the metal precursor fibers 7-2 are pyrolyzed and volatilized, and the metal precursor is reduced to a metal element. The fiber volume shrinks to 1 / 10 of the original volume, and the diameter is reduced from micrometer level to nanometer level, so as to obtain ordered metal nanowires with a large aspect ratio; the specific steps are as follows:

[0010] 1) Injecting the metal precursor solution into the syringe 1, installing the syringe 1 on the micro pump 2, and connecting the needle of the syringe 1 to the positive electrode of the high voltage power supply 8;

[0011] 2) Fix the receiving substrate 7-1 on the XY axis moving platform 6 and connect it to the negative electrode of the high voltage power supply 8;

[0012] 3) Through the control system 5, the Z-axis moving platform 3 is adjusted to drive the injector 1 to the spinning distance, and the XY-axis moving platform 6 is adjusted to drive the receiving substrate 7-1 to the spinning starting position;

[0013] 4) Setting the liquid inlet flow rate of the micro pump 2, suspending a stable precursor solution droplet at the needle of the syringe 1, setting the working voltage of the high-voltage power supply 8, setting the movement speed and movement trajectory of the XY axis moving platform 6, and starting spinning on the receiving substrate 7-1 according to the predetermined trajectory under the observation of the high-magnification camera 4;

[0014] 5) The receiving substrate 7-1 and the metal precursor fiber 7-2 thereon prepared in step 4 are placed in a high temperature furnace 9 for heat treatment to obtain ordered metal nanowires with a large aspect ratio.

[0015] In the above preparation method, the metal precursor solution is a mixed solution of metal salts, polymer complexing agents and organic solvents; the metal salts are silver salts, platinum salts, gold salts, etc., the polymer complexing agents are polyether ketone type polymer compounds, polystyrene type polymer compounds, polyethylene type polymer compounds, polypropylene type polymer compounds, etc., the organic solvents are alcohol solvents, alicyclic hydrocarbon solvents, ester solvents, etc.; the metal solid content in the precursor solution is 1% to 30%.

[0016] In the above preparation method, the low-voltage near-field electrospinning device includes a syringe 1, a micropump 2, a Z-axis moving platform 3, a high-magnification camera 4, a computer control system 5, an XY-axis moving platform 6 and a high-voltage power supply 8; the micropump 2 is installed on the Z-axis moving platform 3, the syringe 1 is vertically installed on the micropump 2, the positive electrode of the high-voltage power supply 8 is connected to the metal needle of the syringe 1, the XY-axis moving platform 6 and the Z-axis moving platform 3 are controlled by the computer control system 5, and the working process is observed by the high-magnification camera 4.

[0017] In the above preparation method, the receiving substrate 7-1 in step 2) is a conductive substrate such as a silicon wafer, a stainless steel sheet, etc., on which there may be array-distributed grooves with a width of 20 to 1000 μm.

[0018] In the above preparation method, the spinning distance in step 3) is 1 to 4 mm.

[0019] In the above preparation method, the liquid inlet flow rate of the micro pump 2 in step 4) is 0.1-0.5 μL / min.

[0020] In the above preparation method, the working voltage of the high voltage power supply 8 in step 4) is 0.2-1 kV.

[0021] In the above preparation method, the movement speed of the XY axis moving platform 6 in step 4) is 10-100 mm / s.

[0022] In the above preparation method, the electrospinning process described in step 4) controls the diameter of the spun metal precursor fiber 7-2 by controlling the movement speed of the XY-axis moving platform 6, and the spun metal precursor fiber 7-2 is neatly and orderly deposited on the receiving substrate 7-1 according to the movement path of the XY-axis moving platform 6, or spans the groove of the receiving substrate 7-1.

[0023] In the above preparation method, the heating reduction temperature in step 5) is 800° C. and the heating time is 30 minutes.

[0024] In the above preparation method, the metal nanowires in step 5) have a diameter of 100 to 1000 nm and a length of several millimeters or even several centimeters, with a large aspect ratio.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: large aspect ratio ordered metal nanowires can be prepared in batches. Metal salts are used as metal sources to prepare metal precursor solutions suitable for electrostatic spinning conditions, and the metal solid content in the precursor solution is about 1% to 30%. By reducing the spinning distance and the spinning voltage, the spun metal precursor fibers are deposited at fixed points in a two-dimensional plane or deposited in an orderly manner according to a predetermined trajectory. The spinning process is continuous, and a batch of large aspect ratio ordered metal precursor fibers can be prepared in a single time. By controlling the movement speed of the receiving substrate, the diameter of the spun metal precursor fibers can be controlled. By heat treating the metal precursor fibers, the solvents and additives therein are pyrolyzed and volatilized, the metal precursor is reduced to a metal element, the fiber volume shrinks, and the diameter is reduced from the micron level to the nanometer level, thereby obtaining large aspect ratio ordered metal nanowires. The method solves the problems of too low aspect ratio of nanowires and disordered morphology existing in the existing metal nanowire preparation methods, and has broad application prospects in the field of one-dimensional (1D) metal nanostructure material preparation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a low-voltage near-field electrospinning device;

[0027] FIG2( a ) is a schematic diagram of a receiving substrate such as a silicon wafer or a stainless steel sheet;

[0028] FIG2( b ) is a schematic diagram of a receiving substrate having array grooves;

[0029] Figure 3 It is the electrospinning process of the platinum precursor solution that forms the jet image;

[0030] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of heat treatment of metal nanowires in a high temperature furnace;

[0031] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of orderly arranged platinum precursor fibers;

[0032] Figure 6is a schematic diagram of patterned platinum precursor fibers;

[0033] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a suspended platinum precursor fiber spanning the trench;

[0034] Figure 8 This is the component analysis image of the prepared platinum nanowire energy spectrometer;

[0035] Fig. 9 This is the X-ray diffractometer crystal phase analysis image of the prepared platinum nanowires;

[0036] Among them: 1-syringe, 2-microinjection pump, 3-Z-axis moving platform, 4-high-power camera, 5-control system, 6-XY-axis moving platform, 7-receiving substrate with electrospun fibers, 7-1-receiving substrate, 7-2-electrospun fibers, 8-high voltage power supply, 9-high temperature furnace. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the technical scheme and the accompanying drawings.

[0038] Specific example 1: taking the preparation of ordered platinum nanowires as an example.

[0039] First, a platinum precursor solution is prepared, and then a low-voltage near-field electrospinning device is used to spin the metal precursor fibers 7-2 on the receiving substrate 7-1 according to a predetermined trajectory. The metal precursor fibers 7-2 are arranged in an orderly manner on the receiving substrate 7-1. The receiving substrate 7-1 and the platinum precursor fibers 7-2 thereon are placed in a high-temperature furnace 9 for heat treatment, so that the solvent and additives in the platinum precursor fibers 7-2 are pyrolyzed and volatilized, the platinum precursor is reduced to platinum element, the fiber volume shrinks, and the diameter is reduced from micrometer level to nanometer level, and a large aspect ratio ordered platinum nanowire is obtained. The specific steps are as follows:

[0040] 1) First, a platinum precursor solution is prepared. Platinum salts, polymer compounds and organic solvents are magnetically stirred at room temperature. The solution is sealed with a plastic film during preparation to prevent the solvent from volatilizing and dissipating. The stirring is continued for 2 hours to obtain a uniform and viscous electrospinning platinum precursor solution. The solid content of platinum in the precursor solution is about 10%. Figure 1 As shown, the prepared solution is injected into the syringe 1, and the syringe 1 is installed on the micro pump 2. During spinning, the piston of the syringe 1 is pushed by the micro pump 2 to discharge the precursor solution at a constant speed and quantitatively. The needle of the syringe 1 is connected to the positive electrode of the high-voltage power supply 8;

[0041] 2) As shown in FIG. 2( a ), the receiving substrate 7-1 is a silicon wafer substrate. The receiving substrate 7-1 is fixed to a predetermined position of the XY axis moving platform 6. During spinning, the XY axis moving platform 6 drives the receiving substrate 7-1 to move along a predetermined trajectory. The receiving substrate 7-1 is connected to the negative electrode of the high voltage power supply 8;

[0042] 3) Through the control system 5, adjust the Z-axis moving platform 3 to drive the syringe 1 to move to a suitable spinning distance, so that the needle of the syringe 1 is 4 mm away from the surface of the receiving substrate 7-1. Adjust the XY-axis moving platform 6 to drive the receiving substrate 7-1 to the spinning starting position;

[0043] 4) Set the liquid inlet flow rate of the micro pump 2 to 0.1 μL / min, suspend a stable precursor solution droplet at the needle of the syringe (1), set the spinning voltage of the high-voltage power supply 8 to 1 kV, set the movement speed of the XY axis moving platform 6 to 100 mm / s, and start the electrospinning process under the observation of the high-magnification camera 4. Figure 3 As shown, under the action of the electric field of the high-voltage power supply 8, the functional liquid at the needle of the syringe 1 overcomes the surface tension and viscosity of the liquid film, further deforms, focuses and sharpens, forms a Taylor cone at the bottom of the needle droplet, and "pulls" out a jet. Figure 5 As shown, the spun fibers are deposited in an orderly manner on the receiving substrate 7-1 according to the movement path of the XY axis moving platform 6;

[0044] 5) If Figure 4 As shown, the receiving substrate and the electrodischarge fiber thereon obtained in step 4) are placed in a high temperature furnace 9 for heating and reduction, the heating temperature is 800°C, the heating time is 30 minutes, the solvent and additives in the platinum precursor fiber 7-2 are pyrolyzed and volatilized, the platinum precursor is reduced to a single platinum metal, the fiber volume shrinks, and the diameter is reduced from micrometer level to nanometer level, and a large aspect ratio ordered platinum nanowire with a diameter of 100nm and a length of several centimeters is obtained. The prepared platinum nanowire is characterized, as shown in FIG. Figure 8 , Fig. 9 As shown, the main component of the platinum nanowires is platinum, and they show the characteristic peaks of face-centered cubic, which is consistent with the bulk platinum element. This proves that the solvent and additives in the platinum precursor fibers have been pyrolyzed and volatilized, and the platinum precursor has been completely reduced to platinum element.

[0045] Specific embodiment 2, taking the preparation of patterned ordered platinum nanowires as an example.

[0046] First, a platinum precursor solution is prepared, and then a low-voltage near-field electrospinning device is used to spin the metal precursor fibers 7-2 on the receiving substrate 7-1 according to a predetermined trajectory. The metal precursor fibers 7-2 are arranged in a patterned and orderly manner on the receiving substrate 7-1. The receiving substrate 7-1 and the platinum precursor fibers 7-2 thereon are placed in a high-temperature furnace 9 for heat treatment, so that the solvent and additives in the platinum precursor fibers 7-2 are pyrolyzed and volatilized, the platinum precursor is reduced to platinum element, the fiber volume shrinks, and the diameter is reduced from micrometer level to nanometer level, and patterned and ordered platinum nanowires are obtained. The specific steps are as follows:

[0047] 1) First, a platinum precursor solution is prepared. Platinum salts, polymer compounds and organic solvents are magnetically stirred at room temperature. The solution is sealed with a plastic film during preparation to prevent the solvent from volatilizing and dissipating. The stirring is continued for 2 hours to obtain a uniform and viscous electrospinning platinum precursor solution. The solid content of platinum in the precursor solution is about 10%. Figure 1 As shown, the prepared solution is injected into the syringe 1, and the syringe 1 is installed on the micro pump 2. During spinning, the piston of the syringe 1 is pushed by the micro pump 2 to discharge the precursor solution at a constant speed and quantitatively. The needle of the syringe 1 is connected to the positive electrode of the high-voltage power supply 8;

[0048] 2) As shown in FIG. 2( a ), the receiving substrate 7-1 is a silicon wafer substrate. The receiving substrate 7-1 is fixed to a predetermined position of the XY axis moving platform 6. During spinning, the XY axis moving platform 6 drives the receiving substrate 7-1 to move along a predetermined trajectory. The receiving substrate 7-1 is connected to the negative electrode of the high voltage power supply 8;

[0049] 3) Through the control system 5, adjust the Z-axis moving platform 3 to drive the syringe 1 to move to a suitable spinning distance, so that the needle of the syringe 1 is 2 mm away from the surface of the receiving substrate 7-1. Adjust the XY-axis moving platform 6 to drive the receiving substrate 7-1 to the spinning starting position;

[0050] 4) Set the liquid inlet flow rate of the micro pump 2 to 0.2 μL / min, suspend a stable precursor solution droplet at the needle of the syringe (1), set the spinning voltage of the high-voltage power supply 8 to 0.5 kV, set the movement speed of the XY axis moving platform 6 to 50 mm / s, and start the electrospinning process under the observation of the high-magnification camera 4. Figure 3 As shown, under the action of the electric field of the high-voltage power supply 8, the functional liquid at the needle of the syringe 1 overcomes the surface tension and viscosity of the liquid film, further deforms, focuses and sharpens, forms a Taylor cone at the bottom of the needle droplet, and "pulls" out a jet. Figure 6 As shown, the spun fibers are deposited in a patterned and orderly manner on the receiving substrate 7-1 according to the movement path of the XY axis moving platform 6;

[0051] 5) If Figure 4 As shown, the receiving substrate prepared in step 4) and the electrodischarge fiber thereon are placed in a high-temperature furnace 9 for heating and reduction. The heating temperature is 800°C and the heating time is 30 minutes, so that the solvent and additives in the platinum precursor fiber 7-2 are pyrolyzed and volatilized, the platinum precursor is reduced to a single platinum metal, the fiber volume shrinks, and the diameter is reduced from the micron level to the nanometer level, thereby obtaining a patterned ordered platinum nanowire with a diameter of 500 nm.

[0052] Specific embodiment 3, taking the preparation of suspended ordered platinum nanowires as an example.

[0053] First, a platinum precursor solution is prepared, and then a low-voltage near-field electrospinning device is used to spin the metal precursor fiber 7-2 on the receiving substrate 7-1 according to a predetermined trajectory, and the metal precursor fiber 7-2 spun out spans the groove of the receiving substrate 7-1. The receiving substrate 7-1 and the platinum precursor fiber 7-2 thereon are placed in a high-temperature furnace 9 for heat treatment, so that the solvent and additives in the platinum precursor fiber 7-2 are pyrolyzed and volatilized, the platinum precursor is reduced to platinum element, the fiber volume shrinks, and the fiber diameter is reduced, so as to obtain a suspended platinum nanowire spanning the groove of the receiving substrate 7-1. The specific steps are as follows:

[0054] 1) First, a platinum precursor solution is prepared. Platinum salts, polymer compounds and organic solvents are magnetically stirred at room temperature. The solution is sealed with a plastic film during preparation to prevent the solvent from volatilizing and dissipating. The stirring is continued for 2 hours to obtain a uniform and viscous electrospinning platinum precursor solution. The solid content of platinum in the precursor solution is about 10%. Figure 1 As shown, the prepared solution is injected into the syringe 1, and the syringe 1 is installed on the micro pump 2. During spinning, the piston of the syringe 1 is pushed by the micro pump 2 to discharge the precursor solution at a constant speed and quantitatively. The needle of the syringe 1 is connected to the positive electrode of the high-voltage power supply 8;

[0055] 2) As shown in FIG2(b), the receiving substrate 7-1 is a stainless steel substrate with an array of 500 μm wide grooves. The receiving substrate 7-1 is fixed to a predetermined position of the XY axis moving platform 6. During spinning, the XY axis moving platform 6 drives the receiving substrate 7-1 to move along a predetermined trajectory. The receiving substrate 7-1 is connected to the negative electrode of the high voltage power supply 8;

[0056] 3) Through the control system 5, adjust the Z-axis moving platform 3 to drive the syringe 1 to move to a suitable spinning distance, so that the needle of the syringe 1 is 1 mm away from the surface of the receiving substrate 7-1. Adjust the XY-axis moving platform 6 to drive the receiving substrate 7-1 to the spinning starting position;

[0057] 4) Set the liquid inlet flow rate of the micro pump 2 to 0.5 μL / min, suspend a stable precursor solution droplet at the needle of the syringe (1), set the spinning voltage of the high-voltage power supply 8 to 0.2 kV, set the movement speed of the XY axis moving platform 6 to 10 mm / s, and start the electrospinning process under the observation of the high-magnification camera 4. Figure 3 As shown, under the action of the electric field of the high-voltage power supply 8, the functional liquid at the needle of the syringe 1 overcomes the surface tension and viscosity of the liquid film, further deforms, focuses and sharpens, forms a Taylor cone at the bottom of the needle droplet, and "pulls" out a jet. Figure 7 As shown, the spun fiber crosses the groove of the receiving substrate 7-1 according to the movement path of the XY axis moving platform 6;

[0058] 5) If Figure 4As shown, the receiving substrate prepared in step 4) and the electrodischarge fiber thereon are placed in a high-temperature furnace 9 for heating and reduction. The heating temperature is 800°C and the heating time is 30 minutes, so that the solvent and additives in the platinum precursor fiber 7-2 are pyrolyzed and volatilized, and the platinum precursor is reduced to a single platinum metal. The fiber volume shrinks and the diameter decreases, thereby obtaining a suspended platinum nanowire with a large aspect ratio of 1000nm in diameter and 500μm in length.

Claims

1. A method for batch preparation of ordered metal nanowires with large aspect ratio, characterized in that: Here are the steps: First, a metal precursor solution is prepared, and then a low-voltage near-field electrospinning device is used to spin the metal precursor fibers (7-2) on a receiving substrate (7-1) along a predetermined trajectory, and the spun metal precursor fibers (7-2) are orderly arranged on the receiving substrate (7-1) or straddle the grooves of the receiving substrate (7-1); the diameter of the spun metal precursor fibers (7-2) is controlled by adjusting the electrospinning parameters, and the receiving substrate (7-1) and the metal precursor fibers (7-2) thereon are placed in a high-temperature furnace (9) for heat treatment, so that the solvent and additives in the metal precursor fibers (7-2) are pyrolyzed and volatilized, the metal precursor is reduced to a metal element, the fiber volume is shrunk to 1 / 10 of the original volume, and the diameter is reduced from micrometer level to nanometer level, thereby obtaining ordered metal nanowires with a large aspect ratio; the specific steps are as follows: 1) injecting a metal precursor solution into a syringe (1), installing the syringe (1) on a micro pump (2), and connecting the needle of the syringe (1) to the positive electrode of a high-voltage power supply (8); 2) Fixing the receiving substrate (7-1) on the XY axis moving platform (6) and connecting it to the negative electrode of the high voltage power supply (8); 3) adjusting the Z-axis moving platform (3) to drive the injector (1) to the spinning distance through the control system (5), and adjusting the XY-axis moving platform (6) to drive the receiving substrate (7-1) to the spinning starting position; 4) setting the liquid inlet flow rate of the micro pump (2), suspending a stable precursor solution droplet at the needle of the syringe (1), setting the working voltage of the high-voltage power supply (8), setting the movement speed and movement trajectory of the XY axis moving platform (6), and starting spinning on the receiving substrate (7-1) according to a predetermined trajectory under the observation of the high-magnification camera (4); 5) placing the receiving substrate (7-1) prepared in step 4) and the metal precursor fibers (7-2) thereon into a high-temperature furnace (9) for heat treatment to obtain ordered metal nanowires with a large aspect ratio.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The metal precursor solution is a mixed solution of metal salts, polymer complexing agents and organic solvents; the metal salts are silver salts, platinum salts and gold salts; the polymer complexing agents are polyether ketone type polymer compounds, polystyrene type polymer compounds, polyethylene type polymer compounds and polypropylene type polymer compounds; the organic solvents are alcohol solvents, alicyclic hydrocarbon solvents and ester solvents; the metal solid content in the metal precursor solution is 1% to 30%.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The low-voltage near-field electrostatic spinning device comprises a syringe (1), a micropump (2), a Z-axis moving platform (3), a high-magnification camera (4), a computer control system (5), an XY-axis moving platform (6) and a high-voltage power supply (8); the micropump (2) is installed on the Z-axis moving platform (3), the syringe (1) is vertically installed on the micropump (2), the positive electrode of the high-voltage power supply (8) is connected to the metal needle of the syringe (1), the XY-axis moving platform (6) and the Z-axis moving platform (3) are controlled by the computer control system (5), and the working process is observed by the high-magnification camera (4).

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The receiving substrate (7-1) in step 2) is a conductive substrate of a silicon wafer or a stainless steel sheet, on which grooves with a width of 20 to 1000 μm are arranged in an array.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The spinning distance in step 3) is 1 to 4 mm.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The liquid inlet flow rate of the micro pump (2) in step 4) is 0.1-0.5 μL / min.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The movement speed of the XY axis moving platform (6) in step 4) is 10 to 100 mm / s.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In the electrospinning process described in step 4), the diameter of the spun metal precursor fibers (7-2) is controlled by controlling the movement speed of the XY axis moving platform (6), and the spun metal precursor fibers (7-2) are neatly and orderly deposited on the receiving substrate (7-1) according to the movement path of the XY axis moving platform (6), or straddle the grooves of the receiving substrate (7-1).

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating reduction temperature in step 5) is 800° C. and the heating time is 30 minutes.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The metal nanowires in step 5) have a diameter of 100 to 1000 nm, a length of millimeters to centimeters, and a large aspect ratio.

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