A multifunctional colorful fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, and in particular to a multifunctional colorful fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The present invention is composed of a mixture of five components, and can meet the nutritional needs of crops in different growth periods, wherein the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium components are obtained by mixing three fertilizer particles, and the coating liquid A respectively coats the fertilizer core particles A and the fertilizer core particles B to obtain fertilizer particles A and fertilizer particles B, and the coating liquid B coats the fertilizer core particles B to obtain fertilizer particles C. The fertilizer particles A have a large particle size and good coating liquid stability, so that the fertilizer can play a role for a long time; the fertilizer particles B have a small particle size and can achieve a fertilization effect in a relatively short time; the fertilizer particles C are easy to break, but the microbial composite bacterial agent contained therein can synergistically play a nitrogen fixation effect and increase the fertilizer utilization rate. The fertilizer prepared by the present invention can achieve the effect of rapid fertilization and delay the use time of the fertilizer, and the materials used are all degradable materials, which has a wide range of application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, and in particular to a multifunctional five-color fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Fertilizers are made by chemical methods and contain one or more nutrients required for the growth of crops. The macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil usually cannot meet the needs of crop growth, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers are needed to supplement them. Among the trace nutrients, except for chlorine, which is not lacking in the soil, the other nutrients require the application of trace element fertilizers. Fertilizers are generally inorganic compounds, and only urea is an organic compound. Fertilizers that contain only one nutrient element whose content can be indicated are called unit fertilizers, such as nitrogen fertilizers, phosphorus fertilizers, and potassium fertilizers. Fertilizers that contain two or more of the three nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium and whose content can be indicated are called compound fertilizers or mixed fertilizers. They can meet the normal growth needs of crops and have the advantages of convenient use, low cost, and good effect. They are increasingly widely used in agricultural production.

[0003] Conventional fertilizers are sprayed by mixing with water or in powder form. When sprayed once, it is usually difficult to maintain the effect for more than 20 days. This is because the fertilizer components are washed away in the rain or penetrate deeply into the ground, and it is difficult for crops to absorb the fertilizer components. Therefore, fertilizers must be sprayed frequently during the growth of crops. In order to solve the problem of excessive use of fertilizers, people have developed slow-release fertilizers. Slow-release fertilizers mainly refer to fertilizers that release nutrients at a slower rate, and the entire release cycle is longer, which is much less than the release rate of instant fertilizers in the soil. The nutrients in slow-release fertilizers can be slowly released over time through chemical compounding or physical effects.

[0004] Some patents have been reported on slow-release fertilizers. For example, patent technology document CN103319252B discloses a polyurethane coated controlled-release fertilizer containing herbicide and a preparation method thereof, which includes the following steps: placing fertilizer particles in a sugar coating machine, starting the sugar coating machine for preheating, heating the polyurethane coating liquid A containing herbicide and the polyurethane coating liquid B containing herbicide respectively, spraying the heated coating liquids A and B respectively on the surface of fertilizer particles, and repeating the coating 2-6 times after the polyurethane coating liquid containing herbicide reacts and solidifies to obtain a polyurethane coated controlled-release fertilizer containing herbicide. The fertilizer prepared by this invention can effectively eliminate weeds in field plants and delay the action time of the fertilizer, but the coating material used is polyurethane, which is not easy to degrade and is easy to cause environmental pollution.

[0005] Therefore, according to the above-mentioned related technologies, it is urgent to develop a multifunctional colorful fertilizer that can delay the action time and is easily degradable and a preparation method thereof. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a multifunctional colorful fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems of short action time and difficulty in degradation of fertilizers in the prior art.

[0007] Based on the above purpose, the present invention provides a multifunctional colorful fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the multifunctional colorful fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0008] 25-30 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium components, 4-5 parts of potassium humate components, 4-5 parts of alginic acid components, 1-2 parts of trace elements components, and 3-4 parts of polyglutamic acid components;

[0009] The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium components are obtained by mixing fertilizer particles A, fertilizer particles B and fertilizer particles C in a mass ratio of 30-40:10-15:5-10;

[0010] 30-40 parts of fertilizer granules A, 10-15 parts of fertilizer granules B, 5-10 parts of fertilizer granules C;

[0011] The fertilizer particles A are prepared from fertilizer core particles A and coating liquid A;

[0012] The fertilizer particles B are prepared from fertilizer core particles B and coating liquid A;

[0013] The fertilizer particles C are prepared from fertilizer core particles B and coating liquid B;

[0014] The particle size of the fertilizer core particle A is 4-4.5 mm;

[0015] The particle size of the fertilizer core particle B is 1.5-2 mm;

[0016] The coating solution A is an ethyl cellulose ethanol solution;

[0017] The coating solution B is obtained by mixing chitosan acetic acid solution and microbial composite bacterial agent;

[0018] The active ingredients of the fertilizer core particles A and B are urea, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide.

[0019] Preferably, the preparation method of the fertilizer core particle A is as follows:

[0020] Mix urea, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, butachlor, deionized water and clay evenly, and pour them into a fully automatic pelletizing machine A to obtain fertilizer core particles A;

[0021] The mass ratio of urea, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, butachlor, deionized water and clay is 30-40: 15-20: 15-20: 1-2: 3-4: 1.5-2.5;

[0022] The speed of the fully automatic pill making machine A is set to 30-40r / min;

[0023] The preparation method of the fertilizer core particle B is as follows:

[0024] Mix urea, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, butachlor, deionized water and clay evenly, and pour them into a fully automatic pelletizing machine B to obtain fertilizer core particles B;

[0025] The mass ratio of urea, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, butachlor, deionized water and clay is 30-40: 15-20: 15-20: 1-2: 3-4: 1.5-2.5;

[0026] The rotation speed of the fully automatic pill making machine B is set to 45-55r / min.

[0027] Preferably, the preparation method of the coating solution A is as follows:

[0028] Add ethyl cellulose to the flask containing the ethanol solution, and stir at 35-45°C until it is completely dissolved to obtain coating solution A;

[0029] The dosage ratio of the ethanol to the ethyl cellulose is 10-20 mL: 0.4-0.5 g;

[0030] The preparation method of the coating solution B is as follows:

[0031] Add chitosan to a flask containing a 2% by mass dilute acetic acid solution, stir at 35-45°C until completely dissolved, then add the microbial composite agent, mix well, and obtain coating solution B;

[0032] The usage ratio of the dilute acetic acid solution, chitosan, and the microbial composite agent is 10-15 mL: 0.5-0.8 g: 0.03-0.08 g;

[0033] The microbial composite bacterial agent is obtained by mixing Flavobacterium brevis, Bacillus subtilis and Actinomyces naeslundii in a mass ratio of 0.5-1:2:1-2.

[0034] Preferably, the preparation method of the fertilizer granules A is as follows:

[0035] Put the fertilizer core particles A into a water chestnut-type coating machine, preheat at 100-110°C for 10-15 minutes, start the drum at a speed of 70-80r / min after preheating, add the coating liquid A into the drum for 30-40 minutes of mixed heat curing reaction, repeat this coating process 3 times, and dry at 70-80°C for 3-4 hours to obtain fertilizer particles A;

[0036] The preparation method of the fertilizer granules B is as follows:

[0037] The fertilizer core particles B are placed in a water chestnut-type coating machine, preheated at 100-110°C for 10-15 minutes, and after preheating, the drum is started at a speed of 70-80r / min, and the coating liquid A is added to the drum for a mixed heat curing reaction for 30-40 minutes. After repeating this coating process 3 times, the fertilizer particles are dried at 70-80°C for 3-4 hours to obtain fertilizer particles B;

[0038] The preparation method of the fertilizer granules C is as follows:

[0039] Put the fertilizer core particles B into a water chestnut-type coating machine, preheat at 50-65°C for 10-15 minutes, start the drum at a speed of 70-80r / min after preheating, add the coating liquid B into the drum for 50-70 minutes of mixed heat curing reaction, repeat this coating process 3 times, and dry at 50-60°C for 4-5 hours to obtain fertilizer particles C;

[0040] The mass ratio of the fertilizer core particles A to the coating liquid A in the fertilizer particles A is 10-20:1-3;

[0041] The mass ratio of the fertilizer core particle B to the coating liquid A in the fertilizer particle B is 10-20:0.5-2;

[0042] The mass ratio of the fertilizer core particles B to the coating liquid B in the fertilizer particles C is 10-20:0.5-2.

[0043] Preferably, the preparation method of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium component is as follows:

[0044] Fertilizer granules A, fertilizer granules B and fertilizer granules C are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 30-40:10-15:5-10 to obtain nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium components.

[0045] Preferably, the preparation method of the potassium humate component is as follows:

[0046] Potassium humate, deionized water and clay are mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 8-10:2-3:1.5-2.5, poured into a fully automatic pill making machine, and the speed is set to 45-55r / min to obtain a potassium humate component.

[0047] Preferably, the preparation method of the alginate component is as follows:

[0048] Alginic acid, citric acid, deionized water and clay are evenly mixed in a mass ratio of 8-10:5-8:3-4:2-3, poured into a fully automatic pill making machine, and the speed is set to 45-55r / min to obtain an alginate component.

[0049] Preferably, the preparation method of the trace element component is as follows:

[0050] Zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, ammonium molybdate, boric acid, deionized water and clay are evenly mixed in a mass ratio of 2-3:2-3:2-3:4-5:3-4:2-3:3-4, poured into a fully automatic pill-making machine, set the speed to 45-55r / min, and obtain trace element components.

[0051] Preferably, the preparation method of the polyglutamic acid component is as follows:

[0052] The polyglutamic acid, deionized water and clay were mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 7-8:2-3:2-3, poured into a fully automatic pill making machine, and the speed was set to 45-55 r / min to obtain a polyglutamic acid component.

[0053] A method for preparing a multifunctional colorful fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0054] The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium components, the potassium humate component, the alginic acid component, the trace element component and the polyglutamic acid component are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 25-30:4-5:4-5:1-2:3-4 to obtain a multifunctional colorful fertilizer.

[0055] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0056] The present invention provides a multifunctional five-color fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The present invention is mixed with components of five colors, which can not only meet the nutritional needs of crops in different growth periods, but also observe the utilization of fertilizers during fertilization. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium components are obtained by mixing three fertilizer particles, and the coating liquid A respectively coats the fertilizer core particles A and the fertilizer core particles B to obtain fertilizer particles A and fertilizer particles B, and the coating liquid B coats the fertilizer core particles B to obtain fertilizer particles C.

[0057] In the present invention, the fertilizer particles A have a large particle size, a high content, and good coating liquid stability, so that the fertilizer can play a role continuously and stably; the fertilizer particles B have a small particle size, and can achieve a fertilization effect in a shorter time than the fertilizer particles A; the coating liquid B in the fertilizer particles C is easy to break, but the content is small and the contained microbial composite bacterial agent can better contact with the soil in a small particle size, synergistically play a nitrogen fixation effect, and increase the fertilizer utilization rate. The fertilizer prepared by the present invention can achieve the effect of rapid fertilization, and can also delay the use time of the fertilizer and improve the fertilizer utilization rate. The materials used are all degradable materials, which reduces soil pollution. Compared with the prior art, it has a wide application prospect. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0059] The sources and properties of some of the raw materials used in the present invention are as follows:

[0060] Urea was purchased from Zhongshan Dixin Chemical Co., Ltd.; phosphorus pentoxide was purchased from Shandong Xiju Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; potassium oxide was purchased from Shanghai Hanhong Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.; zinc sulfate was purchased from Jiangsu Aofu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; manganese sulfate was purchased from Zhongshan Dixin Chemical Co., Ltd.; citric acid was purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.; butachlor was purchased from Hubei Supu Chemical Co., Ltd.; ethyl cellulose was purchased from Shijiazhuang Chenxu Cellulose Co., Ltd.; chitosan was purchased from Shanghai Zhongfeng Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis was deposited in the General Microbiology Center of China National Committee for Microbiological Culture Collection, with the deposit number CGMCC No.21826.

[0061] Embodiment 1: A method for preparing a multifunctional colorful fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0062] S1. Mix urea, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, butachlor, deionized water and clay in a mass ratio of 30:15:15:1:3:1.5, pour into a fully automatic pelletizing machine A, set the speed to 30r / min, and obtain fertilizer core particles A;

[0063] S2. Mix urea, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, butachlor, deionized water and clay in a mass ratio of 30:15:15:1:3:1.5, pour into the fully automatic pelletizing machine B, set the speed to 45r / min, and obtain fertilizer core particles B;

[0064] S3. Add 0.4 g of ethyl cellulose to a flask containing 10 mL of ethanol solution and stir at 35°C until completely dissolved to obtain coating solution A;

[0065] S4. Add 0.5 g of chitosan to a flask containing 10 mL of a 2% dilute acetic acid solution, stir at 35°C until completely dissolved, and then add 0.03 g of a microbial composite agent and mix evenly, wherein the microbial composite agent is obtained by mixing Flavobacterium brevis, Bacillus subtilis and Actinomyces naeslundii in a mass ratio of 0.5:2:1 to obtain a coating solution B;

[0066] S5. 10 g of fertilizer core particles A were placed in a water chestnut-type coating machine and preheated at 100°C for 15 min. After preheating, the drum was started at a speed of 70 r / min, 1 g of coating liquid A was added to the drum for a 40 min mixing heat curing reaction, and this coating process was repeated 3 times, and then dried at 70°C for 4 h to obtain fertilizer particles A;

[0067] S6. 10 g of fertilizer core particles B were placed in a water chestnut-type coating machine and preheated at 100°C for 15 min. After preheating, the drum was started at a speed of 70 r / min, and 0.5 g of coating liquid A was added to the drum for a 40 min mixing heat curing reaction. After repeating this coating process 3 times, the mixture was dried at 70°C for 4 h to obtain fertilizer particles B;

[0068] S7. 10 g of fertilizer core particles B were placed in a water chestnut-type coating machine and preheated at 50°C for 15 min. After preheating, the drum was started at a speed of 70 r / min, and 0.5 g of coating liquid B was added to the drum for a 70 min mixing heat curing reaction. After repeating this coating process 3 times, the mixture was dried at 50°C for 5 h to obtain fertilizer particles C.

[0069] S8. The fertilizer granules A, B and C are mixed uniformly in a mass ratio of 30:10:5 to obtain nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium components;

[0070] S9. Mix potassium humate, deionized water and clay in a mass ratio of 8:2:1.5, pour into an automatic pill making machine, set the speed to 45r / min, and obtain a potassium humate component;

[0071] S10. Alginic acid, citric acid, deionized water and clay were mixed uniformly in a mass ratio of 8:5:3:2, poured into a fully automatic pill making machine, and set the speed to 45 r / min to obtain an alginate component;

[0072] S11. zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, ammonium molybdate, boric acid, deionized water and clay were mixed uniformly in a mass ratio of 2:2:2:4:3:2:3, poured into an automatic pill making machine, set the speed to 45r / min, and obtained trace element components;

[0073] S12. The polyglutamic acid, deionized water and clay were mixed uniformly in a mass ratio of 7:2:2, poured into an automatic pelletizing machine, and the speed was set to 45 r / min to obtain a polyglutamic acid component;

[0074] S13. Evenly mix the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium components, the potassium humate component, the alginic acid component, the trace element component and the polyglutamic acid component in a mass ratio of 25:4:4:1:3 to obtain a multifunctional colorful fertilizer.

[0075] Embodiment 2: A method for preparing a multifunctional colorful fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0076] S1. Urea, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, butachlor, deionized water and clay were mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 35:18:18:1.5:3.5:2, poured into a fully automatic pelletizing machine A, and the speed was set to 35 r / min to obtain fertilizer core particles A;

[0077] S2. Urea, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, butachlor, deionized water and clay were mixed uniformly in a mass ratio of 35:18:18:1.5:3.5:2, poured into a fully automatic pelletizing machine B, and the speed was set to 50 r / min to obtain fertilizer core particles B;

[0078] S3. Add 0.45 g of ethyl cellulose to a flask containing 15 mL of ethanol solution and stir at 40°C until completely dissolved to obtain coating solution A;

[0079] S4. Add 0.6 g of chitosan to a flask containing 12 mL of a 2% dilute acetic acid solution, stir at 40°C until completely dissolved, and then add 0.05 g of a microbial composite agent and mix evenly, wherein the microbial composite agent is obtained by mixing Flavobacterium brevis, Bacillus subtilis and Actinomyces naeslundii in a mass ratio of 0.8:2:1.5 to obtain a coating solution B;

[0080] S5. 15 g of fertilizer core particles A were placed in a water chestnut-type coating machine and preheated at 105°C for 13 min. After preheating, the drum was started at a speed of 75 r / min, and 2 g of coating liquid A was added to the drum for a 35 min mixing heat curing reaction. After repeating this coating process 3 times, the mixture was dried at 75°C for 3.5 h to obtain fertilizer particles A.

[0081] S6. 15 g of fertilizer core particles B were placed in a water chestnut-type coating machine and preheated at 105°C for 13 min. After preheating, the drum was started at a speed of 75 r / min, 1 g of coating liquid A was added to the drum for a 35 min mixing heat curing reaction, and the coating process was repeated 3 times, and then dried at 75°C for 3.5 h to obtain fertilizer particles B;

[0082] S7. 15 g of fertilizer core particles B were placed in a water chestnut-type coating machine and preheated at 60°C for 13 min. After preheating, the drum was started at a speed of 75 r / min, 1 g of coating liquid B was added to the drum for a 60 min mixing heat curing reaction, and this coating process was repeated 3 times, and then dried at 55°C for 4.5 h to obtain fertilizer particles C;

[0083] S8. The fertilizer granules A, B and C are mixed uniformly in a mass ratio of 35:13:8 to obtain nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium components;

[0084] S9. Mix potassium humate, deionized water and clay in a mass ratio of 9:2.5:2, pour into an automatic pill making machine, set the speed to 50r / min, and obtain a potassium humate component;

[0085] S10. Alginic acid, citric acid, deionized water and clay were mixed uniformly in a mass ratio of 9:6:3.5:2.5, poured into a fully automatic pill making machine, and set the speed to 50 r / min to obtain an alginate component;

[0086] S11. Mix zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, ammonium molybdate, boric acid, deionized water and clay in a mass ratio of 2.5:2.5:2.5:4.5:3.5:2.5:3.4, pour into an automatic pill making machine, set the speed to 50r / min, and obtain trace element components;

[0087] S12. The polyglutamic acid, deionized water and clay were mixed uniformly in a mass ratio of 7.8:2.5:2.5, poured into an automatic pelletizing machine, and the speed was set to 50r / min to obtain a polyglutamic acid component;

[0088] S13. Evenly mix the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium components, the potassium humate component, the alginic acid component, the trace element component and the polyglutamic acid component in a mass ratio of 28:4.5:4.5:1.5:3.5 to obtain a multifunctional colorful fertilizer.

[0089] Embodiment 3: A method for preparing a multifunctional colorful fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0090] S1. Mix urea, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, butachlor, deionized water and clay in a mass ratio of 40:20:20:2:4:2.5, pour into a fully automatic pelletizing machine A, set the speed to 40r / min, and obtain fertilizer core particles A;

[0091] S2. Mix urea, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, butachlor, deionized water and clay in a mass ratio of 40:20:20:2:4:2.5, pour into the fully automatic pelletizing machine B, set the speed to 55r / min, and obtain fertilizer core particles B;

[0092] S3. Add 0.5 g of ethyl cellulose to a flask containing 20 mL of ethanol solution and stir at 45°C until completely dissolved to obtain coating solution A;

[0093] S4. Add 0.8 g of chitosan to a flask containing 15 mL of a 2% dilute acetic acid solution, stir at 45°C until completely dissolved, and then add 0.08 g of a microbial composite agent and mix evenly, wherein the microbial composite agent is obtained by mixing Flavobacterium brevis, Bacillus subtilis and Actinomyces naeslundii in a mass ratio of 1:2:2 to obtain a coating solution B;

[0094] S5. 20 g of fertilizer core particles A were placed in a water chestnut-type coating machine and preheated at 110°C for 10 min. After preheating, the drum was started at a speed of 80 r / min, and 3 g of coating liquid A was added to the drum for a 30 min mixing heat curing reaction. After repeating this coating process 3 times, the mixture was dried at 80°C for 3 h to obtain fertilizer particles A.

[0095] S6. 20 g of fertilizer core particles B were placed in a water chestnut-type coating machine and preheated at 110° C. for 10 min. After preheating, the drum was started at a speed of 80 r / min, and 2 g of coating liquid A was added to the drum for a 30 min mixing heat curing reaction. After repeating this coating process 3 times, the mixture was dried at 80° C. for 3 h to obtain fertilizer particles B;

[0096] S7. 20 g of fertilizer core particles B were placed in a water chestnut-type coating machine and preheated at 65°C for 10 min. After preheating, the drum was started at a speed of 80 r / min, and 2 g of coating liquid B was added to the drum for a 50 min mixing heat curing reaction. After repeating this coating process 3 times, the mixture was dried at 60°C for 4 h to obtain fertilizer particles C.

[0097] S8. The fertilizer granules A, B and C are mixed uniformly in a mass ratio of 40:15:10 to obtain nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium components;

[0098] S9. Mix potassium humate, deionized water and clay in a mass ratio of 10:3:2.5, pour into an automatic pill making machine, set the speed to 55r / min, and obtain a potassium humate component;

[0099] S10. Alginic acid, citric acid, deionized water and clay were mixed uniformly in a mass ratio of 10:8:4:3, poured into a fully automatic pill making machine, and set the speed to 55 r / min to obtain an alginate component;

[0100] S11. zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, ammonium molybdate, boric acid, deionized water and clay were mixed uniformly in a mass ratio of 3:3:3:5:4:3:4, poured into an automatic pill making machine, set the speed to 55r / min, and obtained trace element components;

[0101] S12. The polyglutamic acid, deionized water and clay were mixed uniformly in a mass ratio of 8:3:3, poured into an automatic pelletizing machine, and the speed was set to 55 r / min to obtain a polyglutamic acid component;

[0102] S13. Evenly mix the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium components, the potassium humate component, the alginic acid component, the trace element component and the polyglutamic acid component in a mass ratio of 30:5:5:2:4 to obtain a multifunctional colorful fertilizer.

[0103] Comparative Example 1:

[0104] Compared with Example 1, this comparative example only replaces "fertilizer particles A" with "an equal amount of fertilizer particles B", and the remaining steps and parameters are the same, which will not be repeated in this comparative example, and finally a multifunctional colorful fertilizer is obtained.

[0105] Comparative Example 2:

[0106] Compared with Example 1, this comparative example only replaces "fertilizer particles A" with "an equal amount of fertilizer particles C", and the remaining steps and parameters are the same, which will not be repeated in this comparative example, and finally a multifunctional colorful fertilizer is obtained.

[0107] Comparative Example 3:

[0108] Compared with Example 1, this comparative example only replaces "fertilizer particles B" with "an equal amount of fertilizer particles A", and the remaining steps and parameters are the same, which will not be repeated in this comparative example, and finally a multifunctional colorful fertilizer is obtained.

[0109] Comparative Example 4:

[0110] Compared with Example 1, this comparative example only replaces "fertilizer particles B" with "an equal amount of fertilizer particles C", and the remaining steps and parameters are the same, which will not be repeated in this comparative example, and finally a multifunctional colorful fertilizer is obtained.

[0111] Comparative Example 5:

[0112] Compared with Example 1, this comparative example only replaces "fertilizer particles C" with "an equal amount of fertilizer particles B", and the remaining steps and parameters are the same, which will not be repeated in this comparative example, and finally a multifunctional colorful fertilizer is obtained.

[0113] Comparative Example 6:

[0114] Compared with Example 1, this comparative example only replaces "fertilizer particles C" with "an equal amount of fertilizer particles A", and the remaining steps and parameters are the same, which will not be repeated in this comparative example, and finally a multifunctional colorful fertilizer is obtained.

[0115] Comparative Example 7:

[0116] Compared with Example 1, this comparative example only replaces "fertilizer particles A, fertilizer particles B, and fertilizer particles C are evenly mixed in a mass ratio of 30:10:5" with "fertilizer particles A, fertilizer particles B, and fertilizer particles C are evenly mixed in a mass ratio of 10:10:10", and the remaining steps and parameters are the same, which will not be repeated in this comparative example, and finally a multifunctional colorful fertilizer is obtained.

[0117] Comparative Example 8:

[0118] Compared with Example 1, this comparative example only replaces "fertilizer particles A, fertilizer particles B, and fertilizer particles C are evenly mixed in a mass ratio of 30:10:5" with "fertilizer particles A, fertilizer particles B, and fertilizer particles C are evenly mixed in a mass ratio of 5:10:30", and the remaining steps and parameters are the same, which will not be repeated in this comparative example, and finally a multifunctional colorful fertilizer is obtained.

[0119] Performance Test:

[0120] Sustained release performance:

[0121] Referring to the standard of "GB / T23348-2009 Slow-release Fertilizer", 5.0 g of the multifunctional colorful fertilizer prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-8 were weighed respectively, put into a nylon mesh bag, put it into a beaker containing 1000 mL of deionized water and let it stand, cover and seal it, and place it in an electrically heated constant temperature incubator at 25±0.5°C for cultivation. Before each sampling, the nylon bag was taken out and the solution was stirred evenly. After sampling, the excess solution was poured out and 1000 mL of new deionized water was poured again. The solution sample was stored in a 10 mL centrifuge tube, and the initial nutrient release rate and 28d accumulated nutrient release rate of nitrogen element of the multifunctional colorful fertilizer prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-8 were determined;

[0122] The calculation formula of initial nutrient release rate is:

[0123] Initial nutrient release rate (%) = (amount of nitrogen released from fertilizer within 24 hours / total nitrogen content in fertilizer) × 100%

[0124] Calculation formula for 28-day accumulated nutrient release rate:

[0125] 28-day accumulated nutrient release rate (%) = (release amount of fertilizer nitrogen accumulated nutrients in 28 days / total nitrogen content in fertilizer) × 100%

[0126] According to the standard of "HJ636-2012 Determination of total nitrogen in water quality by alkaline potassium persulfate digestion ultraviolet spectrophotometry", 2.0g of the multifunctional colorful fertilizer prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-8 were weighed respectively, and evenly mixed with 200g of soil after drying, and the mixture was placed in a 25°C constant temperature culture container, and 100mL of deionized water was added to the soil every week. The soil leaching solution was collected and stored in a centrifuge tube, and the total nitrogen content in the leaching solution was measured after 5 weeks to obtain the nitrogen leaching rate of the fertilizer;

[0127] The calculation formula of nitrogen leaching rate is:

[0128] Nitrogen leaching rate (%) = (total nitrogen content in the extract / total nitrogen content applied to the soil) × 100%

[0129] Biodegradability:

[0130] The coating liquid A and coating liquid B prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8 were respectively spread evenly on a glass plate, scraped with a scraper having a thickness of 1000 μm, air-dried for half an hour, and 2 g was taken and buried in soil at a soil depth of 3 cm to 5 cm. After 100 days of burial, the film was taken out, washed, dried, and the film mass was measured to obtain the degradation rate of the coating liquid A and the coating liquid B;

[0131] Degradation rate (%) = (film mass after 100 days of landfill / film initial mass) × 100%

[0132] Table 1 Summary of experimental data in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8

[0133] project Initial nutrient release rate / % 28d accumulated nutrient release rate / % Nitrogen leaching rate / % Degradation rate / % Example 1 6.25 63.44 56.2 7.45 Example 2 6.79 61.97 52.4 7.63 Example 3 6.34 64.26 55.7 7.52 Comparative Example 1 9.46 69.46 58.8 7.53 Comparative Example 2 14.25 73.26 63.3 8.32 Comparative Example 3 5.43 63.55 53.7 6.37 Comparative Example 4 9.73 69.94 60.2 7.86 Comparative Example 5 6.21 64.35 55.4 6.82 Comparative Example 6 5.12 64.29 55.2 5.33 Comparative Example 7 10.67 68.63 57.1 7.55 Comparative Example 8 13.25 70.25 61.4 8.13

[0134] Data Analysis:

[0135] As can be seen from Table 1, the multifunctional colorful fertilizer prepared by the present invention has better slow-release performance and biodegradability. This may be due to the large particle size, high content and good stability of the coating liquid of the fertilizer particle A, which makes the 28d accumulated nutrient release rate and nitrogen leaching rate of the fertilizer low, which meets the reference standard; the fertilizer particle B has a smaller particle size and can play a role faster than the fertilizer particle A after fertilization, which not only meets the initial nutrient release rate of the reference standard, but also can quickly fertilize the soil; the fertilizer particle C has a small particle size and a large specific surface area of ​​the particles, so that the microbial composite agent can better contact with the soil, mineralize organic nitrogen into inorganic nitrogen for plant use, and increase the fertilizer utilization rate; the coating liquid used is ethyl cellulose ethanol solution and chitosan acetic acid solution, both of which are degradable materials, so that the biodegradability of the fertilizer is better.

[0136] In Comparative Example 1, since "fertilizer granules A" are replaced with "equal amount of fertilizer granules B", it can be seen from Table 1 that its slow-release performance is poor and its biodegradability is good. This may be because the particle size of fertilizer granules B is small, and it works faster in the early stage of fertilization, but the slow-release effect is poor, and the content of coating liquid in fertilizer granules B is small. The less the film content, the easier it is to degrade. Therefore, the slow-release performance of Comparative Example 1 is worse than that of Example 1, and its biodegradability is good.

[0137] Comparative Example 2 replaces "fertilizer granules A" with "equal amount of fertilizer granules C". It can be seen from Table 1 that its sustained release performance is poor and its biodegradability is good. This may be because the fertilizer granules C have a small particle size and are easy to break, the nutrient release rate is fast, and the sustained release effect is poor. The fertilizer granules C have a small coating liquid content and contain a small amount of microbial composite bacterial agents that can promote the easy degradation of the film by producing enzymes. Therefore, the sustained release performance of Comparative Example 2 is worse than that of Example 1, and the biodegradability is good;

[0138] Since "fertilizer granules B" are replaced by "equal amount of fertilizer granules A", it can be seen from Table 1 that the biodegradability of comparative example 3 is poor, and the sustained release effect is good. This may be because the fertilizer granules A have a large particle size and a large content, and they take effect slowly in the early stage of fertilization, but have a good sustained release effect. In addition, the fertilizer granules A have a large content of coating liquid, and the more the film content, the less likely it is to degrade. Therefore, the biodegradability of comparative example 3 is poorer than that of example 1, and the sustained release effect is good.

[0139] Since the "fertilizer granules B" in Comparative Example 4 are replaced by "equal amount of fertilizer granules C", it can be seen from Table 1 that its sustained release performance is poor and its biodegradability is good. This may be because the fertilizer granules C are easy to break, the nutrient release rate is faster, the sustained release effect is poor, and the fertilizer granules C have a small content of coating liquid and contain a small amount of microbial composite bacterial agent that can promote film degradation by producing enzymes. Therefore, the sustained release performance of Comparative Example 4 is worse than that of Example 1, and the biodegradability is good;

[0140] Since the "fertilizer granules C" in Comparative Example 5 are replaced by "the same amount of fertilizer granules B", it can be seen from Table 1 that its biodegradability is poor and the sustained release effect is good. This may be because the coating liquid used for the fertilizer granules B has good stability and is not easy to break. In the initial stage of fertilization, the nutrient supply is relatively small, but the sustained release effect is good. In addition, while containing the microbial composite agent, the chitosan acetate film is more easily degraded. Therefore, the biodegradability shown in Comparative Example 5 is worse than that in Example 1, and the sustained release effect is good;

[0141] Comparative Example 6 replaces "fertilizer granules C" with "equal amount of fertilizer granules A". It can be seen from Table 1 that its biodegradability is poor and the sustained release effect is good. This may be because the fertilizer granules A have a larger particle size, the coating liquid used is more stable, and it is not easy to break. In the initial stage of fertilization, less nutrients are provided, but the sustained release effect is better. In addition, while containing the microbial composite agent, the chitosan acetate film is more easily degraded. Therefore, the biodegradability shown in Comparative Example 6 is worse than that in Example 1, and the sustained release effect is good;

[0142] In Comparative Example 7, since "fertilizer granules A, fertilizer granules B, and fertilizer granules C are uniformly mixed at a mass ratio of 30:10:5" is replaced by "fertilizer granules A, fertilizer granules B, and fertilizer granules C are uniformly mixed at a mass ratio of 10:10:10", it can be seen from Table 1 that its slow-release performance is poor and its biodegradability is good. This may be due to the reduction in the content of fertilizer granules A and the increase in the content of fertilizer granules C, which can provide more nutrients in the initial stage of fertilization, but the slow-release effect is poor. Therefore, the slow-release performance shown in Comparative Example 7 is worse than that in Example 1, and its biodegradability is good;

[0143] Since Comparative Example 8 replaces "fertilizer granules A, fertilizer granules B, and fertilizer granules C are evenly mixed in a mass ratio of 30:10:5" with "fertilizer granules A, fertilizer granules B, and fertilizer granules C are evenly mixed in a mass ratio of 5:10:30", it can be seen from Table 1 that its sustained release performance is poor and its biodegradability is good. This may be because the proportion of fertilizer granules C in the fertilizer is too high and the content of fertilizer granules A, which mainly play a sustained release role, is too small. Therefore, the sustained release performance exhibited by Comparative Example 8 is worse than that of Example 1, and its biodegradability is good.

[0144] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely illustrative and is not intended to imply that the scope of the present invention is limited to these examples. Under the concept of the present invention, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments may be combined, the steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the present invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of simplicity.

[0145] The present invention is intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional colorful fertilizer, characterized in that: It is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium components, 4-5 parts of potassium humate components, 4-5 parts of alginic acid components, 1-2 parts of trace elements components, and 3-4 parts of polyglutamic acid components; The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium components are obtained by mixing fertilizer particles A, fertilizer particles B and fertilizer particles C in a mass ratio of 30-40:10-15:5-10; The fertilizer particles A are prepared from fertilizer core particles A and coating liquid A; The fertilizer particles B are prepared from fertilizer core particles B and coating liquid A; The fertilizer particles C are prepared from fertilizer core particles B and coating liquid B; The particle size of the fertilizer core particle A is 4-4.5 mm; The particle size of the fertilizer core particle B is 1.5-2 mm; The coating solution A is an ethyl cellulose ethanol solution; The coating solution B is obtained by mixing chitosan acetic acid solution and microbial composite bacterial agent; The preparation method of the coating solution A is as follows: Add ethyl cellulose to the flask containing the ethanol solution, and stir at 35-45°C until it is completely dissolved to obtain coating solution A; The dosage ratio of the ethanol to the ethyl cellulose is 10-20 mL: 0.4-0.5 g; The preparation method of the coating solution B is as follows: Add chitosan to a flask containing a 2% by mass dilute acetic acid solution, stir at 35-45°C until completely dissolved, then add the microbial composite agent, mix well, and obtain coating solution B; The usage ratio of the dilute acetic acid solution, chitosan, and the microbial composite agent is 10-15 mL: 0.5-0.8 g: 0.03-0.08 g; The microbial composite agent is obtained by mixing Flavobacterium brevis, Bacillus subtilis and Actinomyces naeslundii in a mass ratio of 0.5-1:2:1-2; The active ingredients of the fertilizer core particles A and B are urea, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide; The preparation method of the trace element component is as follows: Mix zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, ammonium molybdate, boric acid, deionized water and clay in a mass ratio of 2-3:2-3:2-3:4-5:3-4:2-3:3-4, pour into a fully automatic pill making machine, set the speed to 45-55r / min, and obtain trace element components; The mass ratio of the fertilizer core particles A to the coating liquid A in the fertilizer particles A is 10-20:1-3; The mass ratio of the fertilizer core particle B to the coating liquid A in the fertilizer particle B is 10-20:0.5-2; The mass ratio of the fertilizer core particle B to the coating liquid B in the fertilizer particle C is 10-20:0.5-2; The preparation method of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium component is as follows: Fertilizer granules A, fertilizer granules B and fertilizer granules C are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 30-40:10-15:5-10 to obtain nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium components.

2. The multifunctional colorful fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the fertilizer core particle A is as follows: Mix urea, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, butachlor, deionized water and clay evenly, and pour them into a fully automatic pelletizing machine A to obtain fertilizer core particles A; The mass ratio of urea, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, butachlor, deionized water and clay is 30-40: 15-20: 15-20: 1-2: 3-4: 1.5-2.5; The speed of the fully automatic pill making machine A is set to 30-40r / min; The preparation method of the fertilizer core particle B is as follows: Mix urea, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, butachlor, deionized water and clay evenly, and pour into a fully automatic pelletizing machine B to obtain fertilizer core particles B with a particle size of; The mass ratio of urea, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, butachlor, deionized water and clay is 30-40: 15-20: 15-20: 1-2: 3-4: 1.5-2.5; The rotation speed of the fully automatic pill making machine B is set to 45-55r / min.

3. The multifunctional colorful fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the fertilizer granules A is as follows: Put the fertilizer core particles A into a water chestnut-type coating machine, preheat at 100-110°C for 10-15 minutes, start the drum at a speed of 70-80r / min after preheating, add the coating liquid A into the drum for 30-40 minutes of mixed heat curing reaction, repeat this coating process 3 times, and dry at 70-80°C for 3-4 hours to obtain fertilizer particles A; The preparation method of the fertilizer granules B is as follows: The fertilizer core particles B are placed in a water chestnut-type coating machine, preheated at 100-110°C for 10-15 minutes, and after preheating, the drum is started at a speed of 70-80r / min, and the coating liquid A is added to the drum for a mixed heat curing reaction for 30-40 minutes. After repeating this coating process 3 times, the fertilizer particles are dried at 70-80°C for 3-4 hours to obtain fertilizer particles B; The preparation method of the fertilizer granules C is as follows: Put the fertilizer core particles B into a water chestnut-type coating machine, preheat at 50-65°C for 10-15 minutes, start the drum at a speed of 70-80r / min after preheating, add the coating liquid B into the drum for 50-70 minutes of mixed heat curing reaction, repeat this coating process 3 times, and dry at 50-60°C for 4-5 hours to obtain fertilizer particles C.

4. The multifunctional colorful fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the potassium humate component is as follows: Potassium humate, deionized water and clay are mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 8-10:2-3:1.5-2.5, poured into a fully automatic pill making machine, and the speed is set to 45-55r / min to obtain a potassium humate component.

5. The multifunctional colorful fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the alginic acid component is as follows: Alginic acid, citric acid, deionized water and clay are evenly mixed in a mass ratio of 8-10:5-8:3-4:2-3, poured into a fully automatic pill making machine, and the speed is set to 45-55r / min to obtain an alginate component.

6. The multifunctional colorful fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the polyglutamic acid component is as follows: The polyglutamic acid, deionized water and clay were mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 7-8:2-3:2-3, poured into a fully automatic pill making machine, and the speed was set to 45-55 r / min to obtain a polyglutamic acid component.

7. A method for preparing the multifunctional colorful fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium components, the potassium humate component, the alginic acid component, the trace element component and the polyglutamic acid component are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 25-30:4-5:4-5:1-2:3-4 to obtain a multifunctional colorful fertilizer.