Anti-deformation tool for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blade and mounting method

Abstract

The invention provides an anti-deformation tool for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of a TiAl alloy blade and a mounting method, and relates to the technical field of TiAl alloy blades. The anti-deformation tool comprises a barrel structure for containing a blade body and a multi-layer protection supporting structure with asbestos and quartz sand inside. Wherein the barrel structure comprises a barrel wall and a barrel bottom, asbestos layers and quartz sand are sequentially laid on the barrel wall and the barrel bottom from inside to outside, after the asbestos layers and the quartz sand on the inner barrel wall and the barrel bottom of the barrel structure are laid, the blades are arranged in the barrel structure filled with the quartz sand, a top cover is arranged above the barrel structure, and the top cover is arranged above the barrel structure. And an asbestos layer is arranged between the top cover and the top of the filled quartz sand. Through the comprehensive supporting effect of heat-resistant steel-asbestos-quartz sand in the anti-deformation tool on the blade, the deformation risk easily occurring in the high-temperature vacuum heat treatment process of the blade is effectively eliminated, the application range is wide, the resource utilization rate is high, and industrial large-scale production and popularization are facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of TiAl alloy blades, and in particular to an anti-deformation tooling and an installation method for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades. Background Art

[0002] TiAl alloys are very attractive for high-temperature structural materials, especially engine materials, due to their physical properties such as high-temperature strength and low density. Classic examples include turbine blades, turbocharger wheels, and internal combustion engine valves. However, the difficulty of processing TiAl alloys has hindered their application.

[0003] Selective Electron Beam Melting (SEBM) additive manufacturing provides a new manufacturing process that can produce near-net-shape parts and can achieve more complex geometries than traditional processing techniques. SEBM is a powder bed-based additive manufacturing process in which parts are built layer by layer using metal powders that are locally melted and then melted layer by layer using an electron beam to produce complex shapes. The electron beam melting and solidification process has a small molten pool, resulting in high cooling and solidification rates, resulting in a fine microstructure and generally good mechanical properties.

[0004] The printed microstructure of the electron beam selective melting printing TiAl alloy usually presents a mixed form of equiaxed γ grains, β phase, and lamellar clusters. In order to adjust to the most ideal fine and uniform full lamellar cluster structure, heat treatment is required. The heat treatment temperature of TiAl alloy needs to be carried out in the dual state region or the full lamellar region, and the temperature can be as high as 1200-1300℃. TiAl alloy will react with oxygen during the heat treatment process, so the heat treatment must be carried out in a high vacuum environment.

[0005] The TiAl alloy blades printed by electron beam selective melting have the characteristics of large height-to-diameter ratio, thin blade body, and complex cut shape. Therefore, during high-temperature heat treatment, the higher the temperature, the lower the strength of the alloy, making it easy to deform due to its own gravity during the heat treatment process. In addition, the plasticity of TiAl alloy is limited, and it is difficult to correct after deformation, and the blade will be directly scrapped. TiAl alloy will react when it comes into contact with other alloys at high temperatures, and only inorganic non-metallic materials or rare earth oxide materials will not react.

[0006] At present, the means to prevent the deformation of printed TiAl alloy blades during heat treatment include: lowering the heat treatment temperature, placing the blades directly flat in the furnace, using refractory bricks to cushion the blades, using CNC to cut a blade-shaped cavity in the whole piece of steel as support, etc. However, these methods have the disadvantages of limited deformation control ability, complicated process means, long processing cycle, and poor process flexibility.

[0007] For example, Chinese patent CN117583521A discloses a vacuum high-temperature isothermal die forging method for TiAl alloy. After forging, the pressure is not unloaded, and the temperature is directly adjusted to the α single-phase temperature of the TiAl alloy. The TiAl alloy forging is directly subjected to isothermal heat treatment under pressure in the forging die, and then furnace-cooled. After cooling to a temperature lower than the phase transition temperature of the TiAl alloy, the pressure is unloaded, and the TiAl alloy component is finally taken out. Although this method simplifies the process by using a forging die for heat treatment, the die cannot be used to forge other blades during the heat treatment process, which greatly limits the production efficiency of the forging process.

[0008] Chinese patent CN112359193A discloses a tooling for vacuum heat treatment of directional / single crystal high temperature alloy blades and its preparation process. The tooling is a precision casting mold shell base that can place several directional / single crystal high temperature alloy blade tenons, which can meet the needs of blade fixing and placement, and prevent the blades from overlapping or bumping each other during vacuum heat treatment, resulting in adhesion or recrystallization. This method is too specialized, and different blades need to customize the mold shell base. It is suitable for shorter single crystal blades, but it is difficult to control the deformation of the blade body for longer turbine blades.

[0009] Chinese patent CN216237190U discloses a tool for heat treatment of steam turbine blades. The tool uses a movable partition and a slot, which can be used to process multi-stage blades, improving the efficiency of heat treatment. However, the tool uses a steel structure frame, and the tenon part of the blade is stuck into the tool slot, which is not suitable for TiAl blades. If the tenon part of the TiAl blade is stuck into the tool slot, it will react with the contact part of the tool during the heat treatment process, and the expansion coefficient of steel is quite different from that of TiAl alloy. The matching parts of the two will expand and squeeze each other during the heating process, causing deformation and cracking problems. The same is true for Chinese patent CN117212060A. Although it discloses an adjustable universal blade anti-deformation tool, it cannot perform heat treatment so that the blade obtains a full-layer fine structure.

[0010] There are also some means to prevent the deformation of printed TiAl alloy blades during heat treatment. For example, Chinese patent CN217413631U uses a high-temperature alloy integral blade disk through a support mechanism and an inner hub arranged outside the support mechanism to fix and protect the blade on the inner hub as a whole. If subsequent heat treatment is required, the entire blade needs to be heat treated. Obviously, the heat treatment space occupied is large, which is not conducive to low-cost and efficient heat treatment. For example, Chinese patent CN114589406A discloses a laser shock strengthening system and method for preventing deformation of an integral blade disk of an aircraft engine. The integral blade disk of an aircraft engine is fixed by a disk clamp and a blade clamp, so the subsequent heat treatment will also have the same problems as the aforementioned patents. Summary of the invention

[0011] In order to solve the many technical problems in the subsequent vacuum heat treatment process of TiAl alloy blades manufactured by electron beam selected area melting (SEBM) additive manufacturing in the prior art, such as the influence of the fixing method on the blade shape, uneven deformation of various parts, and metal reaction between the blade and the fixture; the embodiment of the present invention provides a deformation prevention tooling and installation method for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades that can solve the above problems. The technical solution is as follows:

[0012] The invention discloses an anti-deformation tool for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of a TiAl alloy blade, comprising a cylinder structure for accommodating a blade body and a multi-layer protective support structure of internal asbestos and quartz sand; wherein: the cylinder structure comprises a cylinder wall and a cylinder bottom, and the cylinder wall and the cylinder bottom are sequentially paved with asbestos layers and quartz sand from the inside to the outside, and after the asbestos layers and quartz sand of the cylinder wall and the cylinder bottom of the cylinder structure are laid, the TiAl alloy blade is arranged in the cylinder structure filled with quartz sand, a top cover is arranged above the cylinder structure, and an asbestos layer is arranged between the top cover and the top of the filled quartz sand; these structures can meet the needs of placing blades of different sizes, prevent the blades from bonding and deforming due to contact with each other and contact with the cylinder during high-temperature heat treatment, and thus ensure the quality of high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of the TiAl alloy blade.

[0013] Optionally, the TiAl alloy blades can be used for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades such as low-pressure turbine blades, axial flow hollow blades, and high-pressure turbine blades. The size and height of the tooling are variable, ranging from 40 mm in height to 400 mm in height. The diameter and height of the tooling are customized according to the blade size.

[0014] Optionally, the thickness of the top cover is 3-6 cm, and the edge inclination angle is 50-70°. The conical surface of the top cover needs to be processed with several grooves, and the diameter of each groove is not more than 2 mm. The maximum diameter of the top cover is the same as the outer diameter of the cylinder wall, and the minimum diameter is 0.5-1.5 cm smaller than the inner diameter of the cylinder wall.

[0015] Optionally, the thickness of the cylinder wall is 0.8-2 cm, the roughness of the outer wall is no greater than Ra8, and the roughness of the inner wall is no greater than Ra1.

[0016] Optionally, the thickness of the bottom of the cylinder is 0.8-2 cm, and a groove is processed 2 cm above the bottom for a crane or a forklift to mount it so as to be placed in the heat treatment furnace, so as to be mounted by a crane or a forklift so as to be placed in the heat treatment furnace.

[0017] Optionally, the thickness of the asbestos layer is 1-3 cm, and the asbestos layer disposed between the top cover and the top of the filled quartz sand is punctured and fixed by a fine steel needle.

[0018] Optionally, the quartz sand is ultra-fine pure quartz sand with a size of 40-70 meshes. The quartz sand should be sieved and cleaned before use to remove quartz sand below 40 meshes.

[0019] Optionally, the asbestos layer in the cylinder wall should be laid first to block direct contact between quartz sand and the cylinder wall, and between blades and the cylinder wall. The asbestos layer on the top of the cylinder wall is laid after the quartz sand and blades are laid to prevent ultrafine quartz sand from flying into the furnace and the vacuum system during vacuuming and heat treatment. After the top asbestos layer is laid, it is punctured and fixed with a fine steel needle to prevent the asbestos layer from dispersing due to deformation caused by thermal expansion and contraction of the tooling and quartz sand during the heat treatment process.

[0020] A method for installing an anti-deformation tooling for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades is provided. The method for installing an anti-deformation tooling for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades comprises the following steps:

[0021] S1. Laying of asbestos layer on the cylinder wall and cylinder bottom: Lay a layer of asbestos along the cylinder wall and cylinder bottom, and use a metal rod to roll and press the asbestos layer to be dense, thus completing the laying of the asbestos layer;

[0022] S2. Laying of quartz sand at the bottom of the cylinder: After the asbestos layer on the cylinder wall and the bottom is laid, lay quartz sand with a thickness of 1-2 cm;

[0023] S3. TiAl alloy blade placement: vertically place the TiAl alloy blade in the space enclosed by the cylinder wall and the cylinder bottom of the anti-deformation tooling. If multiple TiAl alloy blades need to be placed, the distance between the blades and the cylinder wall should be at least 2 cm.

[0024] S4, quartz sand filling and compaction: After the TiAl alloy blades of S3 are placed, quartz sand is filled. After each 3-6 cm thick quartz sand is laid, a high-frequency vibrator is used to compact the quartz sand. During the vibration process, the angle of the TiAl alloy blade is continuously corrected through the plumb line to ensure that the TiAl alloy blade always remains in a vertical state;

[0025] S5. Laying of top asbestos layer: After the TiAl alloy blades and quartz sand of S4 are laid, a layer of asbestos is laid on the top, and its height should be 1-5mm higher than the bottom of the top cover;

[0026] S6, steel needle puncture fixation: After the top asbestos layer of S5 is laid, a thin steel needle is used to puncture and fix the top asbestos layer at a certain angle;

[0027] S7. Top cover installation: After the fine steel needle of S6 pierces and fixes the top asbestos layer, press the top cover onto the top asbestos layer so that it exerts a certain pressure on the bottom, but the pressure should not be too large. At the same time, observe whether the grooves on the conical surface of the top cover are unobstructed. If the grooves are blocked by asbestos or quartz sand, they should be cleaned in time so that the gases generated during the heat treatment process can be discharged in time.

[0028] Optionally, the density of the asbestos layer of S1 is 2.5-2.8 g / cm 3 , the thickness of the asbestos layer is 5-10mm.

[0029] Optionally, the total length of the S6 thin steel needle is 20-40 mm, the certain inclination angle is 45-60°, and the length of the protruding top asbestos layer after the thin steel needle punctures and fixes the top asbestos layer is 5-10 mm.

[0030] Optionally, the certain pressure in S7 is 0.5-1.5 MPa.

[0031] Optionally, the anti-deformation tooling installed in S7 is loaded by means of steel cables, forklifts, cranes, etc., and sent to a heat treatment furnace for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment. Multiple toolings should be placed at a distance of 1-3 cm, and the toolings should be stacked to increase production efficiency.

[0032] Optionally, the high-temperature vacuum heat treatment is performed at a heating rate of no more than 15°C / min below 300°C, a heating rate of no more than 10°C / min at 300-1000°C, a heating rate of no more than 8°C / min at 1000-1390°C, a holding time of no more than 8h, heating is turned off when the temperature drops, and the furnace is opened and the tooling is taken out when the temperature cools to 100°C.

[0033] Optionally, after the furnace is opened and the tooling is taken out, the tooling cannot be opened immediately for sampling. Further cooling is required, and the temperature inside the tooling is still very high. Asbestos is discarded after use, and quartz sand also needs to be discarded if there is any discoloration observed with the naked eye. The cylinder wall is sandblasted to thoroughly clean the asbestos and quartz sand adhering to the cylinder wall.

[0034] Optionally, the blade using the tool is subjected to CT scanning modeling after heat treatment, and the model has no deformation compared with the model before the heat treatment.

[0035] Optionally, the tooling is suitable for high temperature vacuum heat treatment of blades with many TiAl alloy compositions such as 4822-TiAl, TNM-TiAl, and high Nb-TiAl.

[0036] Optionally, the tooling can be spliced ​​into tooling of different heights using the cylinder wall to meet the heat treatment requirements of blades of different sizes.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the above technical solution has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0038] The above scheme, the present invention proposes an anti-deformation tooling and installation method for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades, which can solve many technical problems existing in the high-temperature vacuum heat treatment process of TiAl alloy blades printed by electron beam selective melting, eliminate the deformation tendency of the blade body due to the large diameter-to-height ratio, meet the needs of placing blades of different sizes, and prevent the blades from bonding and deformation caused by contact with each other and with the cylinder during high-temperature heat treatment, thereby ensuring the quality of high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades.

[0039] The present invention prevents the deformation of TiAl alloy blades during high-temperature vacuum heat treatment by using a cylindrical structure that accommodates the blade body and a multi-layer protective support structure of asbestos and quartz sand inside. The maximum operating temperature can reach 1390°C. During the vacuum heat treatment process, the contamination of the blade surface by gas is effectively isolated, and the blade surface after heat treatment basically does not change color.

[0040] The asbestos in the cylinder wall of the present invention should be laid first to block the direct contact between the quartz sand and the cylinder wall, and between the blades and the cylinder wall. The asbestos layer on the top of the cylinder wall is laid after the quartz sand and the blades are laid to prevent the ultrafine quartz sand from flying into the furnace and the vacuum system during the vacuum and heat treatment process. After the asbestos layer on the top is laid, it is punctured and fixed with a fine steel needle to prevent the asbestos layer from spreading due to deformation caused by thermal expansion and contraction of the tooling and quartz sand during the heat treatment process.

[0041] In the process of filling the blades with quartz sand in the remaining space enclosed by the cylinder wall and the cylinder bottom of the anti-deformation tooling of the present invention, a high-frequency vibrating rod is used to compact the quartz sand every time a certain thickness of quartz sand is laid. During the compaction process, the blade angle is continuously corrected by a plumb line to ensure that the blade always remains in a vertical state, thereby avoiding thermal deformation of certain parts of the blade during subsequent heat treatment.

[0042] Before the anti-deformation tooling of the present invention enters the heat treatment furnace for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment, it is necessary to check whether the grooves on the conical surface of each anti-deformation tooling top cover are unobstructed. If the grooves are blocked by asbestos or quartz sand, they should be cleaned in time so that the gas generated during the heat treatment process can be discharged in time.

[0043] The cylinder structure for accommodating the blade body of the present invention can be spliced, and the height of the anti-deformation tooling can be increased through the spliced ​​cylinder, so that blades of different shapes and sizes can be vacuum heat treated, thereby enhancing the applicability of the process; and the heat-resistant steel still retains considerable strength at high temperatures, so several tooling can be stacked and placed in the furnace, effectively improving the heat treatment efficiency.

[0044] The anti-deformation tooling of the present invention plays a certain role in heat preservation, preventing the risk of stress and cracks caused by excessively fast cooling of the TiAl alloy; and a groove is provided at the bottom of the anti-deformation tooling, and a steel cable, a forklift, a crane, etc. can be used to insert the groove to load the anti-deformation tooling as a whole and send it into a heat treatment furnace. Multiple toolings should be placed at a distance, and the tooling can be stacked to increase production efficiency.

[0045] The vacuum heat treatment of the anti-deformation tooling of the present invention needs to control the heating rate in different temperature stages, and the different temperature stages include below 300°C, 300-1000°C and 1000-1390°C. After the heat treatment, the furnace is opened and the tooling is taken out. The tooling cannot be opened immediately for sampling and further cooling is required. Therefore, it is suitable for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades such as 4822-TiAl, TNM-TiAl, and high Nb-TiAl in the anti-deformation tooling.

[0046] In summary, compared with other traditional methods, the method of the present invention effectively eliminates the risk of deformation that is prone to occur during high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of blades through the comprehensive supporting effect of heat-resistant steel, asbestos and quartz sand in the anti-deformation tooling. Therefore, the anti-deformation tooling has a wide range of applications and high resource utilization. The heat treatment furnace can process multiple stacked anti-deformation tooling at a time, with a short process and high efficiency, which is conducive to large-scale industrial production and promotion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0048] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a blade loaded with an anti-deformation tool for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of a TiAl alloy blade according to Example 1 of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 This is a physical picture of a top cover in a blade loaded with an anti-deformation tool for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of a TiAl alloy blade in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 3 This is a physical picture of the inner wall of the middle tube wall of a blade loaded with an anti-deformation tool for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of a TiAl alloy blade in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 4 This is a physical picture of the cylinder structure of a blade loaded with an anti-deformation tool for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of a TiAl alloy blade in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 5 This is a physical picture of the cylinder structure of a blade loaded with an anti-deformation tool for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of a TiAl alloy blade in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 6 This is a physical picture of a blade with a large-size + small-size barrel wall in a deformation-proof tooling for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of a TiAl alloy blade in Example 3 of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 7 This is a physical picture of a deformation-proof tooling for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of a TiAl alloy blade in Example 4 of the present invention, in which the cylinder structure of the blade is a large size + a small size cylinder wall;

[0055] Figure 8 It is a top view of a TiAl alloy blade subjected to high-temperature vacuum heat treatment in an anti-deformation tooling for loading a blade with a barrel wall asbestos layer, a blade and quartz sand laid therein in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0056] Fig. 9 This is a top view of a TiAl alloy blade subjected to high-temperature vacuum heat treatment in Example 1 of the present invention after a top asbestos layer is laid in a blade loaded with an anti-deformation tool;

[0057] Fig.10 This is a partial physical picture of the groove at the bottom of the barrel of a blade loaded with an anti-deformation tool for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of a TiAl alloy blade in Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] The technical solution of the present invention is described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0059] In the embodiments of the present invention, words such as "exemplarily" and "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations or explanations. Any embodiment or design described as "example" in the present invention should not be interpreted as being more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the word "example" is intended to present the concept in a specific way. In addition, in the embodiments of the present invention, the meaning expressed by "and / or" can be both, or it can be either of the two.

[0060] In the embodiments of the present invention, "image" and "picture" can sometimes be used interchangeably. It should be noted that when the difference between them is not emphasized, the meanings they want to express are the same. "of", "corresponding" and "corresponding" can sometimes be used interchangeably. It should be noted that when the difference between them is not emphasized, the meanings they want to express are the same.

[0061] In the embodiments of the present invention, sometimes the subscripts such as W 1 It may be written in non-subscript form such as W1. When the difference is not emphasized, the meaning is the same.

[0062] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention more clear, a detailed description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0063] The invention discloses an anti-deformation tool for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of a TiAl alloy blade, comprising a cylinder structure for accommodating a blade body and a multi-layer protective support structure of internal asbestos and quartz sand; wherein: the cylinder structure comprises a cylinder wall and a cylinder bottom, and the cylinder wall and the cylinder bottom are sequentially paved with asbestos layers and quartz sand from the inside to the outside, and after the asbestos layers and quartz sand of the cylinder wall and the cylinder bottom of the cylinder structure are laid, the TiAl alloy blade is arranged in the cylinder structure filled with quartz sand, a top cover is arranged above the cylinder structure, and an asbestos layer is arranged between the top cover and the top of the filled quartz sand; these structures can meet the needs of placing blades of different sizes, prevent the blades from bonding and deforming due to contact with each other and contact with the cylinder during high-temperature heat treatment, and thus ensure the quality of high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of the TiAl alloy blade.

[0064] In particular, the TiAl alloy blades can be used for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades such as low-pressure turbine blades, axial flow hollow blades, and high-pressure turbine blades. The size and height of the tooling are variable, ranging from 40 mm in height to 400 mm in height, and the diameter and height of the tooling are customized according to the blade size.

[0065] In particular, the thickness of the top cover is 3-6 cm, the edge inclination angle is 50-70°, the conical surface of the top cover needs to be processed with several grooves, the diameter of each groove is not more than 2 mm, the maximum diameter of the top cover is the same as the outer diameter of the cylinder wall, and the minimum diameter is 0.5-1.5 cm smaller than the inner diameter of the cylinder wall.

[0066] Particularly, the thickness of the cylinder wall is 0.8-2 cm, the roughness of the outer wall is not greater than Ra8, and the roughness of the inner wall is not greater than Ra1.

[0067] Particularly, the thickness of the bottom of the cylinder is 0.8-2 cm, and a groove is machined 2 cm above the bottom for a crane or a forklift to mount it so as to be placed in the heat treatment furnace, so as to be mounted by a crane or a forklift so as to be placed in the heat treatment furnace.

[0068] Particularly, the thickness of the asbestos layer is 1-3 cm, and the asbestos layer disposed between the top cover and the top of the filled quartz sand is punctured and fixed by a fine steel needle.

[0069] In particular, the quartz sand is ultra-fine pure quartz sand with a size of 40-70 meshes. The quartz sand should be sieved and cleaned before use to remove quartz sand below 40 meshes.

[0070] In particular, the asbestos layer in the cylinder wall should be laid first to block direct contact between quartz sand and the cylinder wall, and between blades and the cylinder wall. The asbestos layer on the top of the cylinder wall is laid after the quartz sand and blades are laid to prevent ultra-fine quartz sand from flying into the furnace and the vacuum system during vacuuming and heat treatment. After the top asbestos layer is laid, it is punctured and fixed with a fine steel needle to prevent the asbestos layer from dispersing due to deformation caused by thermal expansion and contraction of the tooling and quartz sand during the heat treatment process.

[0071] A method for installing an anti-deformation tooling for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades is provided. The method for installing an anti-deformation tooling for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades comprises the following steps:

[0072] S1. Laying of asbestos layer on the cylinder wall and cylinder bottom: Lay a layer of asbestos along the cylinder wall and cylinder bottom, and use a metal rod to roll and press the asbestos layer to be dense, thus completing the laying of the asbestos layer;

[0073] S2. Laying of quartz sand at the bottom of the cylinder: After the asbestos layer on the cylinder wall and the bottom is laid, lay quartz sand with a thickness of 1-2 cm;

[0074] S3. TiAl alloy blade placement: vertically place the TiAl alloy blade in the space enclosed by the cylinder wall and the cylinder bottom of the anti-deformation tooling. If multiple TiAl alloy blades need to be placed, the distance between the blades and the cylinder wall should be at least 2 cm;

[0075] S4, quartz sand filling and compaction: After the TiAl alloy blades of S3 are placed, quartz sand is filled. After each 3-6 cm thick quartz sand is laid, a high-frequency vibrator is used to compact the quartz sand. During the vibration process, the angle of the TiAl alloy blade is continuously corrected through the plumb line to ensure that the TiAl alloy blade always remains in a vertical state;

[0076] S5. Laying of top asbestos layer: After the TiAl alloy blades and quartz sand of S4 are laid, a layer of asbestos is laid on the top, and its height should be 1-5mm higher than the bottom of the top cover;

[0077] S6, steel needle puncture fixation: After the top asbestos layer of S5 is laid, a thin steel needle is used to puncture and fix the top asbestos layer at a certain angle;

[0078] S7. Top cover installation: After the fine steel needle of S6 pierces and fixes the top asbestos layer, press the top cover onto the top asbestos layer so that it exerts a certain pressure on the bottom, but the pressure should not be too large. At the same time, observe whether the grooves on the conical surface of the top cover are unobstructed. If the grooves are blocked by asbestos or quartz sand, they should be cleaned in time so that the gases generated during the heat treatment process can be discharged in time.

[0079] In particular, the density of the asbestos layer of S1 is 2.5-2.8 g / cm3 , the thickness of the asbestos layer is 5-10mm.

[0080] In particular, the total length of the S6 thin steel needle is 20-40 mm, the certain inclination angle is 45-60°, and the length of the protruding top asbestos layer after the thin steel needle punctures and fixes the top asbestos layer is 5-10 mm.

[0081] In particular, the certain pressure in S7 is 0.5-1.5 MPa.

[0082] In particular, the anti-deformation tooling installed in S7 is loaded using steel cables, forklifts, cranes, etc., and sent to the heat treatment furnace for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment. Multiple tooling should be placed at a distance of 1-3 cm, and the tooling should be stacked to increase production efficiency.

[0083] In particular, the high-temperature vacuum heat treatment is carried out at a heating rate of no more than 15°C / min below 300°C, a heating rate of no more than 10°C / min at 300-1000°C, a heating rate of no more than 8°C / min at 1000-1390°C, a holding time of no more than 8h, the heating is turned off when the temperature drops, and the furnace is opened and the tooling is taken out when the temperature cools to 100°C.

[0084] In particular, after the furnace is opened and the tooling is taken out, the tooling cannot be opened immediately for sampling. Further cooling is required, and the temperature inside the tooling is still very high. Asbestos should be discarded after use, and quartz sand should also be discarded if there is any discoloration observed with the naked eye. The cylinder wall should be sandblasted to thoroughly clean the asbestos and quartz sand adhering to the cylinder wall.

[0085] In particular, the blades using the tooling were subjected to CT scanning modeling after heat treatment, and the model showed no deformation compared with that before heat treatment.

[0086] In particular, the tooling is suitable for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of blades with many TiAl alloy compositions, such as 4822-TiAl, TNM-TiAl, and high Nb-TiAl.

[0087] In particular, the tooling can be spliced ​​into tooling of different heights using the cylinder wall to meet the heat treatment requirements of blades of different sizes.

[0088] Example 1

[0089] This embodiment is a deformation prevention tool for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades, and the deformation prevention tool for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades includes a cylinder structure for accommodating the blade body and a multi-layer protective support structure of internal asbestos and quartz sand; wherein: Figure 1As shown, the cylinder structure includes a cylinder wall and a cylinder bottom, and the cylinder wall and the cylinder bottom are sequentially paved with asbestos layers and quartz sand from the inside to the outside. After the asbestos layers and quartz sand of the cylinder wall and the cylinder bottom of the cylinder structure are laid, the TiAl alloy blades are arranged in the cylinder structure filled with quartz sand, and a top cover is arranged above the cylinder structure, and an asbestos layer is arranged between the top cover and the top of the filled quartz sand; these structures can meet the needs of placing blades of different sizes, prevent the blades from bonding and deformation caused by contact with each other and contact with the cylinder during high-temperature heat treatment, thereby ensuring the quality of high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades.

[0090] Specifically, the structure of the anti-deformation tooling prepared in this embodiment is as described above. The size of the processed 4822-TiAl turbine blade is 40 mm high, 4 mm thick at the blade body, and 25 mm widest at the tenon.

[0091] The top cover of the anti-deformation tooling prepared in this embodiment is as follows Figure 2 As shown, the diameter is 12.6cm, the thickness is 5cm, and the edge inclination angle is 60°. Several grooves need to be processed on the conical surface of the top cover, and the diameter of each groove is not more than 2mm. The maximum diameter of the top cover is the same as the outer diameter of the cylinder wall, and the minimum diameter is 1cm smaller than the inner diameter of the cylinder wall. The material is machined from heat-resistant steel.

[0092] The inner wall of the cylinder wall of the anti-deformation tooling prepared in this embodiment is as follows Figure 3 As shown, the diameter is 10cm and processed to Ra1; the thickness of the cylinder wall is 2cm, and the outer wall roughness is processed to Ra8.

[0093] The anti-deformation tooling prepared in this embodiment is as follows Figure 4 The shown example uses a 6mm high barrel wall, and the tooling height after assembly is 13.5mm.

[0094] The bottom groove of the anti-deformation tooling prepared in this embodiment is as follows Fig.10 As shown, the thickness of the bottom of the cylinder is 1.45 cm, and a groove is machined 2 cm above the bottom for a crane or forklift to mount it in a heat treatment furnace, and the width of the groove is 1.5 cm.

[0095] The anti-deformation tooling prepared in this embodiment uses 1.5 cm thick asbestos. The asbestos layer arranged between the top cover and the top of the filled quartz sand is punctured and fixed by a fine steel needle. Fig. 9 shown.

[0096] The quartz sand used in the anti-deformation tooling prepared in this embodiment is ultra-fine pure quartz sand, such as Figure 8 As shown, the quartz sand size is 50 mesh. The quartz sand should be sieved and cleaned before use to remove quartz sand below 50 mesh.

[0097] A method for installing an anti-deformation tooling for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades is provided. The method for installing an anti-deformation tooling for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades comprises the following steps:

[0098] S1. Laying of asbestos layer on the cylinder wall and bottom: Lay a layer of asbestos along the cylinder wall and bottom, and use a metal rod to roll and press the asbestos layer to make it dense, thus completing the laying of the asbestos layer; the density of the asbestos layer is 2.5g / cm 3 , the thickness of the asbestos layer is 1.5cm;

[0099] S2. Laying of quartz sand at the bottom of the cylinder: After the asbestos layer on the cylinder wall and the bottom is laid, lay 1.5 cm thick quartz sand;

[0100] S3. TiAl alloy blade placement: vertically place the TiAl alloy blade in the space enclosed by the cylinder wall and the cylinder bottom of the anti-deformation tooling. If multiple TiAl alloy blades need to be placed, the distance between the blades and the cylinder wall should be at least 2 cm.

[0101] S4, quartz sand filling and compaction: After the TiAl alloy blades of S3 are placed, quartz sand is filled. After each 3 cm thick quartz sand is laid, a high-frequency vibrator is used to compact the quartz sand. During the vibration process, the angle of the TiAl alloy blade is continuously corrected through the plumb line to ensure that the TiAl alloy blade always remains in a vertical state;

[0102] S5. Laying of top asbestos layer: After the TiAl alloy blades and quartz sand of S4 are laid, a layer of asbestos is laid on the top, and its height should be 5mm higher than the bottom of the top cover;

[0103] S6, steel needle puncture fixation: After the top asbestos layer of S5 is laid, a thin steel needle is used to puncture and fix the top asbestos layer at a certain angle; the total length of the thin steel needle is 30 mm, the certain angle is 60°, and the length of the protruding top asbestos layer after the thin steel needle punctures and fixes the top asbestos layer is 10 mm;

[0104] S7. Top cover installation: After the fine steel needle of S6 punctures and fixes the top asbestos layer, press the top cover onto the top asbestos layer so that it exerts a pressure of 1MPa on the bottom, but the pressure should not be too large. At the same time, observe whether the grooves on the conical surface of the top cover are unobstructed. If the grooves are blocked by asbestos or quartz sand, they should be cleaned in time so that the gases generated during the heat treatment process can be discharged in time.

[0105] In this embodiment S7, the anti-deformation tooling installed is loaded by forklift into the groove, and sent to the heat treatment furnace for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment. Multiple tooling should be placed at a distance of 1 cm, and the tooling is stacked in 3 layers to increase production efficiency. Among them, the high-temperature vacuum heat treatment is a heating rate of 10°C / min below 300°C, a heating rate of 8°C / min from 300-1000°C, a heating rate of 6°C / min from 1000-1390°C, and a heat preservation time of 6 hours. The heating is turned off when the temperature drops, and the furnace is opened and the tooling is taken out when it cools to 100°C.

[0106] In this embodiment, after the furnace is opened and the anti-deformation tooling is taken out, the tooling cannot be opened immediately for sampling. Further cooling is required, and the temperature inside the anti-deformation tooling is still very high. Asbestos is discarded after use, and quartz sand also needs to be discarded if there is any color change when observed with the naked eye. The cylinder wall is sandblasted to clean the asbestos and quartz sand adhering to the cylinder wall thoroughly.

[0107] The blades using the anti-deformation tooling were subjected to CT scanning modeling after heat treatment, and the model showed no deformation compared with that before heat treatment.

[0108] Example 2

[0109] This embodiment is a deformation prevention tool for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades, and the deformation prevention tool for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades includes a cylinder structure for accommodating the blade body and a multi-layer protective support structure of internal asbestos and quartz sand; wherein: Figure 1 As shown, the cylinder structure includes a cylinder wall and a cylinder bottom, and the cylinder wall and the cylinder bottom are sequentially paved with asbestos layers and quartz sand from the inside to the outside. After the asbestos layers and quartz sand of the cylinder wall and the cylinder bottom of the cylinder structure are laid, the TiAl alloy blades are arranged in the cylinder structure filled with quartz sand, and a top cover is arranged above the cylinder structure, and an asbestos layer is arranged between the top cover and the top of the filled quartz sand; these structures can meet the needs of placing blades of different sizes, prevent the blades from bonding and deformation caused by contact with each other and contact with the cylinder during high-temperature heat treatment, thereby ensuring the quality of high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades.

[0110] Specifically, the anti-deformation tooling prepared in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, the dimensions of the high Nb-TiAl turbine blades are 70 mm high, 5 mm thick at the blade body, and 35 mm wide at the tenon.

[0111] The top cover of the anti-deformation tooling prepared in this embodiment has a diameter of 14 cm, a thickness of 3 cm, and an edge inclination angle of 70°. Several grooves need to be processed on the conical surface of the top cover, and the diameter of each groove is not more than 2 mm. The maximum diameter of the top cover is the same as the outer diameter of the cylinder wall, and the minimum diameter is 0.5 cm smaller than the inner diameter of the cylinder wall. The material is machined from heat-resistant steel.

[0112] The inner wall diameter of the anti-deformation tooling prepared in this embodiment is 12 cm, processed to Ra1; the thickness of the wall is 1.5 cm, and the roughness of the outer wall is processed to Ra6.

[0113] The anti-deformation tooling prepared in this embodiment uses a large-sized cylinder wall, and the height of the tooling after assembly is 270 mm.

[0114] The thickness of the bottom of the anti-deformation tooling prepared in this embodiment is 1.5 cm, and a groove is processed 2 cm upward from the bottom for a crane or forklift to mount it in a heat treatment furnace, and the groove width is 2 cm.

[0115] The anti-deformation tooling prepared in this embodiment uses asbestos with a thickness of 2 cm, and the asbestos layer arranged between the top cover and the top of the filled quartz sand is punctured and fixed by a fine steel needle.

[0116] The quartz sand used in the anti-deformation tooling prepared in this embodiment is ultra-fine pure quartz sand, and the size of the quartz sand is 60 meshes. The quartz sand should be sieved and cleaned before use to remove quartz sand below 60 meshes.

[0117] A method for installing an anti-deformation tooling for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades is provided. The method for installing an anti-deformation tooling for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades comprises the following steps:

[0118] S1. Laying of asbestos layer on the cylinder wall and bottom: Lay a layer of asbestos along the cylinder wall and bottom, and use a metal rod to roll and press the asbestos layer to make it dense, completing the laying of the asbestos layer; the density of the asbestos layer is 2.8g / cm 3 , the thickness of the asbestos layer is 2cm;

[0119] S2. Laying of quartz sand at the bottom of the cylinder: After the asbestos layer on the cylinder wall and the bottom of the cylinder is laid, lay quartz sand with a thickness of 2 cm;

[0120] S3. TiAl alloy blade placement: vertically place the TiAl alloy blade in the space enclosed by the cylinder wall and the cylinder bottom of the anti-deformation tooling. If multiple TiAl alloy blades need to be placed, the distance between the blades and the cylinder wall should be at least 2 cm;

[0121] S4, quartz sand filling and compaction: After the TiAl alloy blades of S3 are placed, quartz sand is filled. After each quartz sand with a thickness of 4 cm is laid, a high-frequency vibrating rod is used to compact the quartz sand. During the vibration process, the angle of the TiAl alloy blade is continuously corrected through the plumb line to ensure that the TiAl alloy blade always remains in a vertical state;

[0122] S5. Laying of top asbestos layer: After the TiAl alloy blades and quartz sand of S4 are laid, a layer of asbestos is laid on the top, and its height should be 5mm higher than the bottom of the top cover;

[0123] S6, steel needle puncture fixation: After the top asbestos layer of S5 is laid, a thin steel needle is used to puncture and fix the top asbestos layer at a certain angle; the total length of the thin steel needle is 60 mm, the certain angle is 40°, and the length of the protruding top asbestos layer after the thin steel needle punctures and fixes the top asbestos layer is 5 mm;

[0124] S7. Top cover installation: After the fine steel needle of S6 punctures and fixes the top asbestos layer, press the top cover onto the top asbestos layer so that it exerts a pressure of 1.5MPa on the bottom, but the pressure should not be too large. At the same time, observe whether the grooves on the conical surface of the top cover are unobstructed. If the grooves are blocked by asbestos or quartz sand, they should be cleaned in time so that the gases generated during the heat treatment process can be discharged in time.

[0125] In this embodiment S7, the anti-deformation tooling installed is loaded by forklift into the groove, and sent into the heat treatment furnace for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment. When multiple toolings are placed, a distance of 1.5 cm should be maintained, and the tooling is stacked in 2 layers to increase production efficiency. Among them, the high-temperature vacuum heat treatment is 12°C / min below 300°C, 9°C / min from 300-1000°C, 7°C / min from 1000-1390°C, and the insulation time is 4h. The heating is turned off when the temperature drops, and the furnace is opened and the tooling is taken out when it cools to 100°C.

[0126] In this embodiment, after the furnace is opened and the anti-deformation tooling is taken out, the tooling cannot be opened immediately for sampling. Further cooling is required, and the temperature inside the anti-deformation tooling is still very high. Asbestos is discarded after use, and quartz sand also needs to be discarded if there is any color change when observed with the naked eye. The cylinder wall is sandblasted to clean the asbestos and quartz sand adhering to the cylinder wall thoroughly.

[0127] The blades using the anti-deformation tooling were subjected to CT scanning modeling after heat treatment, and the model showed no deformation compared with that before heat treatment.

[0128] Example 3

[0129] This embodiment is a deformation prevention tool for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades, and the deformation prevention tool for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades includes a cylinder structure for accommodating the blade body and a multi-layer protective support structure of internal asbestos and quartz sand; wherein: Figure 1As shown, the cylinder structure includes a cylinder wall and a cylinder bottom, and the cylinder wall and the cylinder bottom are sequentially paved with asbestos layers and quartz sand from the inside to the outside. After the asbestos layers and quartz sand of the cylinder wall and the cylinder bottom of the cylinder structure are laid, the TiAl alloy blades are arranged in the cylinder structure filled with quartz sand, and a top cover is arranged above the cylinder structure, and an asbestos layer is arranged between the top cover and the top of the filled quartz sand; these structures can meet the needs of placing blades of different sizes, prevent the blades from bonding and deformation caused by contact with each other and contact with the cylinder during high-temperature heat treatment, thereby ensuring the quality of high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades.

[0130] Specifically, the anti-deformation tooling prepared in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 6 As shown, the dimensions of the processed TNM-TiAl turbine blade are 260 mm high, 7 mm thick at the blade body, and 42 mm widest at the tenon.

[0131] The top cover of the anti-deformation tooling prepared in this embodiment has a diameter of 13 cm, a thickness of 5 cm, and an edge inclination angle of 60°. Several grooves need to be processed on the conical surface of the top cover, and the diameter of each groove is not more than 2 mm. The maximum diameter of the top cover is the same as the outer diameter of the cylinder wall, and the minimum diameter is 1 cm smaller than the inner diameter of the cylinder wall. The material is machined from heat-resistant steel.

[0132] The inner wall diameter of the anti-deformation tooling prepared in this embodiment is 12 cm, processed to Ra1; the thickness of the wall is 1.5 cm, and the roughness of the outer wall is processed to Ra7.

[0133] The anti-deformation tooling prepared in this embodiment uses a large-size + small-size cylinder wall, and the height of the tooling after assembly is 400 mm.

[0134] The thickness of the bottom of the anti-deformation tooling prepared in this embodiment is 1.8 cm, and a groove is processed 2 cm upward from the bottom for a crane or forklift to mount it in a heat treatment furnace, and the groove width is 2 cm.

[0135] The anti-deformation tooling prepared in this embodiment uses asbestos with a thickness of 2 cm, and the asbestos layer arranged between the top cover and the top of the filled quartz sand is punctured and fixed by a fine steel needle.

[0136] The quartz sand used in the anti-deformation tooling prepared in this embodiment is ultra-fine pure quartz sand with a size of 50 meshes. The quartz sand should be sieved and cleaned before use to remove quartz sand below 50 meshes.

[0137] A method for installing an anti-deformation tooling for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades is provided. The method for installing an anti-deformation tooling for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades comprises the following steps:

[0138] S1. Laying of asbestos layer on the cylinder wall and bottom: Lay a layer of asbestos along the cylinder wall and bottom, and use a metal rod to roll and press the asbestos layer to make it dense, thus completing the laying of the asbestos layer; the density of the asbestos layer is 2.6g / cm 3 , the thickness of the asbestos layer is 2cm;

[0139] S2. Laying of quartz sand at the bottom of the cylinder: After the asbestos layer on the cylinder wall and the bottom of the cylinder is laid, lay quartz sand with a thickness of 2 cm;

[0140] S3. TiAl alloy blade placement: vertically place the TiAl alloy blade in the space enclosed by the cylinder wall and the cylinder bottom of the anti-deformation tooling. If multiple TiAl alloy blades need to be placed, the distance between the blades and the cylinder wall should be at least 2 cm.

[0141] S4, quartz sand filling and compaction: After the TiAl alloy blades in S3 are placed, quartz sand is filled. A high-frequency vibrator is used to compact the quartz sand every time a thickness of 5 cm is laid. During the vibration process, the angle of the TiAl alloy blade is continuously corrected through the plumb line to ensure that the TiAl alloy blade always remains in a vertical state;

[0142] S5. Laying of top asbestos layer: After the TiAl alloy blades and quartz sand of S4 are laid, a layer of asbestos is laid on the top, and its height should be 5mm higher than the bottom of the top cover;

[0143] S6, steel needle puncture fixation: After the top asbestos layer of S5 is laid, a thin steel needle is used to puncture and fix the top asbestos layer at a certain angle; the total length of the thin steel needle is 50 mm, the certain angle is 40°, and the length of the protruding top asbestos layer after the thin steel needle punctures and fixes the top asbestos layer is 8 mm;

[0144] S7. Top cover installation: After the fine steel needle of S6 punctures and fixes the top asbestos layer, press the top cover onto the top asbestos layer so that it exerts a pressure of 1.2MPa on the bottom, but the pressure should not be too large. At the same time, observe whether the grooves on the conical surface of the top cover are unobstructed. If the grooves are blocked by asbestos or quartz sand, they should be cleaned in time so that the gases generated during the heat treatment process can be discharged in time.

[0145] In this embodiment S7, the anti-deformation tooling installed is loaded by forklift into the groove, and sent into the heat treatment furnace for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment. When multiple toolings are placed, a distance of 1.5 cm should be maintained, and the tooling is stacked in 2 layers to increase production efficiency. Among them, the high-temperature vacuum heat treatment is 12°C / min below 300°C, 9°C / min from 300-1000°C, 7°C / min from 1000-1390°C, and the insulation time is 4h. The heating is turned off when the temperature drops, and the furnace is opened and the tooling is taken out when it cools to 100°C.

[0146] In this embodiment, after the furnace is opened and the anti-deformation tooling is taken out, the tooling cannot be opened immediately for sampling. Further cooling is required, and the temperature inside the anti-deformation tooling is still very high. Asbestos is discarded after use, and quartz sand also needs to be discarded if there is any color change when observed with the naked eye. The cylinder wall is sandblasted to clean the asbestos and quartz sand adhering to the cylinder wall thoroughly.

[0147] The blades using the anti-deformation tooling were subjected to CT scanning modeling after heat treatment, and the model showed no deformation compared with that before heat treatment.

[0148] Example 4

[0149] This embodiment is a deformation prevention tool for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades, and the deformation prevention tool for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades includes a cylinder structure for accommodating the blade body and a multi-layer protective support structure of internal asbestos and quartz sand; wherein: Figure 1 As shown, the cylinder structure includes a cylinder wall and a cylinder bottom, and the cylinder wall and the cylinder bottom are sequentially paved with asbestos layers and quartz sand from the inside to the outside. After the asbestos layers and quartz sand of the cylinder wall and the cylinder bottom of the cylinder structure are laid, the TiAl alloy blades are arranged in the cylinder structure filled with quartz sand, and a top cover is arranged above the cylinder structure, and an asbestos layer is arranged between the top cover and the top of the filled quartz sand; these structures can meet the needs of placing blades of different sizes, prevent the blades from bonding and deformation caused by contact with each other and contact with the cylinder during high-temperature heat treatment, thereby ensuring the quality of high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades.

[0150] Specifically, the anti-deformation tooling prepared in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the dimensions of the processed TNM-TiAl turbine blade are 400 mm high, 10 mm thick at the blade body, and 65 mm wide at the tenon.

[0151] The top cover of the anti-deformation tooling prepared in this embodiment has a diameter of 14 cm, a thickness of 4.5 cm, and an edge inclination angle of 65°. Several grooves need to be processed on the conical surface of the top cover, and the diameter of each groove is not more than 2 mm. The maximum diameter of the top cover is the same as the outer diameter of the cylinder wall, and the minimum diameter is 1.3 cm smaller than the inner diameter of the cylinder wall. The material is machined from heat-resistant steel.

[0152] The inner wall of the cylinder wall of the anti-deformation tool prepared in this embodiment has a diameter of 12 cm and is processed to Ra1; the thickness of the cylinder wall is 1.7 cm, and the roughness of the outer wall is processed to Ra7.

[0153] The anti-deformation tooling prepared in this embodiment uses a large-size + small-size cylinder wall, and the height of the tooling after assembly is 500 mm.

[0154] The thickness of the bottom of the anti-deformation tooling prepared in this embodiment is 1.7 cm, and a groove is processed 2 cm upward from the bottom for a crane or forklift to mount it in a heat treatment furnace, and the groove width is 2 cm.

[0155] The anti-deformation tooling prepared in this embodiment uses asbestos with a thickness of 2.5 cm. The asbestos layer arranged between the top cover and the top of the filled quartz sand is punctured and fixed by a fine steel needle.

[0156] The quartz sand used in the anti-deformation tooling prepared in this embodiment is ultra-fine pure quartz sand, and the size of the quartz sand is 40 meshes. The quartz sand should be sieved and cleaned before use to remove quartz sand below 40 meshes.

[0157] A method for installing an anti-deformation tooling for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades is provided. The method for installing an anti-deformation tooling for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades comprises the following steps:

[0158] S1. Laying of asbestos layer on the cylinder wall and bottom: Lay a layer of asbestos along the cylinder wall and bottom, and use a metal rod to roll and press the asbestos layer to make it dense, thus completing the laying of the asbestos layer; the density of the asbestos layer is 2.6g / cm 3 , the thickness of the asbestos layer is 2.5cm;

[0159] S2. Laying of quartz sand at the bottom of the cylinder: After the asbestos layer on the cylinder wall and the bottom is laid, lay 2.5 cm thick quartz sand;

[0160] S3. TiAl alloy blade placement: vertically place the TiAl alloy blade in the space enclosed by the cylinder wall and the cylinder bottom of the anti-deformation tooling. If multiple TiAl alloy blades need to be placed, the distance between the blades and the cylinder wall should be at least 2 cm.

[0161] S4, quartz sand filling and compaction: After the TiAl alloy blades in S3 are placed, quartz sand is filled. A high-frequency vibrator is used to compact the quartz sand every time a thickness of 5 cm is laid. During the vibration process, the angle of the TiAl alloy blade is continuously corrected through the plumb line to ensure that the TiAl alloy blade always remains in a vertical state;

[0162] S5. Laying of top asbestos layer: After the TiAl alloy blades and quartz sand of S4 are laid, a layer of asbestos is laid on the top, and its height should be 5mm higher than the bottom of the top cover;

[0163] S6, steel needle puncture fixation: After the top asbestos layer of S5 is laid, a thin steel needle is used to puncture and fix the top asbestos layer at a certain angle; the total length of the thin steel needle is 45 mm, the certain angle is 65°, and the length of the protruding top asbestos layer after the thin steel needle punctures and fixes the top asbestos layer is 9 mm;

[0164] S7. Top cover installation: After the fine steel needle of S6 punctures and fixes the top asbestos layer, press the top cover onto the top asbestos layer so that it exerts a pressure of 1.4MPa on the bottom, but the pressure should not be too large. At the same time, observe whether the grooves on the conical surface of the top cover are unobstructed. If the grooves are blocked by asbestos or quartz sand, they should be cleaned in time so that the gases generated during the heat treatment process can be discharged in time.

[0165] In this embodiment S7, the anti-deformation tooling installed is loaded by forklift into the groove, and sent to the heat treatment furnace for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment. When multiple toolings are placed, a distance of 2 cm should be maintained, and the tooling is stacked in 2 layers to increase production efficiency. Among them, the high-temperature vacuum heat treatment is a heating rate of 15°C / min below 300°C, a heating rate of 10°C / min from 300-1000°C, and a heating rate of 8°C / min from 1000-1390°C. The insulation time is 4h, and the heating is turned off when the temperature drops. When the temperature is cooled to 100°C, the furnace is opened and the tooling is taken out.

[0166] In this embodiment, after the furnace is opened and the anti-deformation tooling is taken out, the tooling cannot be opened immediately for sampling. Further cooling is required, and the temperature inside the anti-deformation tooling is still very high. Asbestos is discarded after use, and quartz sand also needs to be discarded if there is any color change when observed with the naked eye. The cylinder wall is sandblasted to clean the asbestos and quartz sand adhering to the cylinder wall thoroughly.

[0167] The blades using the anti-deformation tooling were subjected to CT scanning modeling after heat treatment, and the model showed no deformation compared with that before heat treatment.

[0168] The above scheme, the present invention proposes an anti-deformation tooling and installation method for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades, which can solve many technical problems existing in the high-temperature vacuum heat treatment process of TiAl alloy blades printed by electron beam selective melting, eliminate the deformation tendency of the blade body due to the large diameter-to-height ratio, meet the needs of placing blades of different sizes, and prevent the blades from bonding and deformation caused by contact with each other and with the cylinder during high-temperature heat treatment, thereby ensuring the quality of high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades.

[0169] The present invention prevents the deformation of TiAl alloy blades during high-temperature vacuum heat treatment by using a cylindrical structure that accommodates the blade body and a multi-layer protective support structure of asbestos and quartz sand inside. The maximum operating temperature can reach 1390°C. During the vacuum heat treatment process, the contamination of the blade surface by gas is effectively isolated, and the blade surface after heat treatment basically does not change color.

[0170] The asbestos in the cylinder wall of the present invention should be laid first to block the direct contact between the quartz sand and the cylinder wall, and between the blades and the cylinder wall. The asbestos layer on the top of the cylinder wall is laid after the quartz sand and the blades are laid to prevent the ultrafine quartz sand from flying into the furnace and the vacuum system during the vacuum and heat treatment process. After the asbestos layer on the top is laid, it is punctured and fixed with a fine steel needle to prevent the asbestos layer from spreading due to deformation caused by thermal expansion and contraction of the tooling and quartz sand during the heat treatment process.

[0171] In the process of filling the blades with quartz sand in the remaining space enclosed by the cylinder wall and the cylinder bottom of the anti-deformation tooling of the present invention, a high-frequency vibrating rod is used to compact the quartz sand every time a certain thickness of quartz sand is laid. During the compaction process, the blade angle is continuously corrected by a plumb line to ensure that the blade always remains in a vertical state, thereby avoiding thermal deformation of certain parts of the blade during subsequent heat treatment.

[0172] Before the anti-deformation tooling of the present invention enters the heat treatment furnace for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment, it is necessary to check whether the grooves on the conical surface of each anti-deformation tooling top cover are unobstructed. If the grooves are blocked by asbestos or quartz sand, they should be cleaned in time so that the gas generated during the heat treatment process can be discharged in time.

[0173] The cylinder structure for accommodating the blade body of the present invention can be spliced, and the height of the anti-deformation tooling can be increased through the spliced ​​cylinder, so that blades of different shapes and sizes can be vacuum heat treated, thereby enhancing the applicability of the process; and the heat-resistant steel still retains considerable strength at high temperatures, so several tooling can be stacked and placed in the furnace, effectively improving the heat treatment efficiency.

[0174] The anti-deformation tooling of the present invention plays a certain role in heat preservation, preventing the risk of stress and cracks caused by excessively fast cooling of the TiAl alloy; and a groove is provided at the bottom of the anti-deformation tooling, and a steel cable, forklift, crane, etc. can be used to insert the groove to load the anti-deformation tooling as a whole and send it into a heat treatment furnace. Multiple toolings should be placed at a distance, and the tooling can be stacked to increase production efficiency.

[0175] The vacuum heat treatment of the anti-deformation tooling of the present invention needs to control the heating rate in different temperature stages, and the different temperature stages include below 300°C, 300-1000°C and 1000-1390°C. After the heat treatment, the furnace is opened and the tooling is taken out. The tooling cannot be opened immediately for sampling and further cooling is required. Therefore, it is suitable for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades such as 4822-TiAl, TNM-TiAl, and high Nb-TiAl in the anti-deformation tooling.

[0176] In summary, compared with other traditional methods, the method of the present invention effectively eliminates the risk of deformation that is prone to occur during high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of blades through the comprehensive supporting effect of heat-resistant steel, asbestos and quartz sand in the anti-deformation tooling. Therefore, the anti-deformation tooling has a wide range of applications and high resource utilization. The heat treatment furnace can process multiple stacked anti-deformation tooling at a time, with a short process and high efficiency, which is conducive to large-scale industrial production and promotion.

[0177] It should be understood that the term "and / or" in this article is only a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. A and B can be singular or plural. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship, but it may also indicate an "and / or" relationship. Please refer to the context for specific understanding.

[0178] In the present invention, "at least one" means one or more, and "plurality" means two or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single items or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can mean: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0179] It should be understood that in various embodiments of the present invention, the size of the serial numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0180] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An anti-deformation tool for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades, characterized in that: The anti-deformation tooling for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades includes a cylindrical structure for accommodating the blade body and a multi-layer protective support structure of internal asbestos and quartz sand; wherein: the cylindrical structure includes a cylindrical wall and a cylindrical bottom, and the cylindrical wall and the cylindrical bottom are sequentially paved with asbestos layers and quartz sand from the inside to the outside. After the asbestos layers and quartz sand of the inner cylindrical wall and the cylindrical bottom of the cylindrical structure are laid, the TiAl alloy blade is arranged in the cylindrical structure filled with quartz sand, a top cover is arranged above the cylindrical structure, and an asbestos layer is arranged between the top cover and the top of the filled quartz sand.

2. The anti-deformation tooling for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades according to claim 1, characterized in that: The TiAl alloy blades include low-pressure turbine blades, axial-flow hollow blades, and high-pressure turbine blades, with sizes ranging from 40 mm in height to 400 mm in height. The diameter and height of the tooling are customized according to the blade size.

3. The anti-deformation tooling for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the top cover is 3-6 cm, and the edge inclination angle is 50-70°. Several grooves need to be processed on the conical surface of the top cover, and the diameter of each groove is not greater than 2 mm. The maximum diameter of the top cover is the same as the outer diameter of the cylinder wall, and the minimum diameter is 0.5-1.5 cm smaller than the inner diameter of the cylinder wall.

4. The anti-deformation tooling for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the cylinder wall is 0.8-2 cm, the roughness of the outer wall is not greater than Ra8, and the roughness of the inner wall is not greater than Ra1.

5. The anti-deformation tooling for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the bottom of the cylinder is 0.8-2 cm, and a groove is processed 2 cm above the bottom for a crane or a forklift to mount it and put it into the heat treatment furnace.

6. The anti-deformation tooling for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the asbestos layer is 1-3 cm, and the asbestos layer arranged between the top cover and the top of the filled quartz sand is punctured and fixed by a fine steel needle.

7. The anti-deformation tooling for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quartz sand is ultra-fine pure quartz sand with a size of 40-70 meshes. The quartz sand should be sieved and cleaned before use to remove quartz sand below 40 meshes.

8. A method for installing an anti-deformation tooling for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades according to claim 1, characterized in that: The installation method of the anti-deformation tooling for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades is as follows: S1. Laying of asbestos layer on the cylinder wall and cylinder bottom: Lay a layer of asbestos along the cylinder wall and cylinder bottom, and use a metal rod to roll and press the asbestos layer to be dense, thus completing the laying of the asbestos layer; S2. Laying of quartz sand at the bottom of the cylinder: After the asbestos layer on the cylinder wall and the bottom is laid, lay quartz sand with a thickness of 1-2 cm; S3. TiAl alloy blade placement: vertically place the TiAl alloy blade in the space enclosed by the cylinder wall and the cylinder bottom of the anti-deformation tooling. If multiple TiAl alloy blades need to be placed, the distance between the blades and the cylinder wall should be at least 2 cm. S4, quartz sand filling and compaction: After the TiAl alloy blades of S3 are placed, quartz sand is filled. After each 3-6 cm thick quartz sand is laid, a high-frequency vibrator is used to compact the quartz sand. During the vibration process, the angle of the TiAl alloy blade is continuously corrected through the plumb line to ensure that the TiAl alloy blade always remains in a vertical state; S5. Laying of top asbestos layer: After the TiAl alloy blades and quartz sand of S4 are laid, a layer of asbestos is laid on the top, and its height should be 1-5mm higher than the bottom of the top cover; S6, steel needle puncture fixation: After the top asbestos layer of S5 is laid, a thin steel needle is used to puncture and fix the top asbestos layer at a certain angle; S7. Top cover installation: After the fine steel needle of S6 pierces and fixes the top asbestos layer, press the top cover onto the top asbestos layer so that it exerts a certain pressure on the bottom, but the pressure should not be too large. At the same time, observe whether the grooves on the conical surface of the top cover are unobstructed. If the grooves are blocked by asbestos or quartz sand, they should be cleaned in time so that the gases generated during the heat treatment process can be discharged in time.

9. The method for installing the anti-deformation tooling for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades according to claim 8, characterized in that: The anti-deformation tooling installed in S7 is loaded by steel cables, forklifts, cranes, etc., and sent to the heat treatment furnace for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment. Multiple tooling should be placed at a distance of 1-3 cm, and the tooling should be stacked to increase production efficiency.

10. The method for installing the anti-deformation tooling for high-temperature vacuum heat treatment of TiAl alloy blades according to claim 9, characterized in that: High temperature vacuum heat treatment is that the heating rate below 300℃ is not more than 15℃ / min, the heating rate between 300-1000℃ is not more than 10℃ / min, the heating rate between 1000-1390℃ is not more than 8℃ / min, the insulation time is not more than 8h, the heating is turned off when the temperature drops, and the furnace is opened and the tooling is taken out when it cools to 100℃.

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