An assembled concrete face rockfill dam anti-freezing structure and a method of using the same

Abstract

The application provides an assembled concrete face slab rock-fill dam anti-freezing structure and a use method thereof, a water stop structure is arranged in a panel vertical joint between two adjacent concrete face slabs, the anti-freezing structure is arranged between the lowest water level of a water level fluctuation area and the highest water level of the water level fluctuation area, and the anti-freezing structure comprises a plurality of ice crushing structures which are arranged in parallel along the gradient direction of the concrete face slab, and the ice crushing structures are detachably connected to the surface of the concrete face slab, the ice crushing structures are arranged between the lowest water level of the water level fluctuation area and the highest water level of the water level fluctuation area, an ice crushing area near the dam is formed, and the crushing of the ice layer in the area near the dam is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering technology, and in particular to a prefabricated concrete-faced rockfill dam anti-icing structure and its application method. Background Technology

[0002] Due to its advantages such as readily available materials, cost savings, and convenient construction, concrete-faced rockfill dams have been widely used in water conservancy and hydropower engineering construction in recent decades. However, engineering practice shows that in severely cold or frigid regions of northern China, the concrete panels and vertical joint waterproofing structures are prone to localized damage under freezing conditions in winter, leading to reduced durability and, in severe cases, even destruction of the seepage barrier, affecting the long-term safe operation of the power station. Solving the freezing resistance problem by increasing the strength of the concrete panels or adopting modified surface structures for the joint waterproofing is not only limited in effectiveness but also costly and prohibitively expensive. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a prefabricated concrete panel rockfill dam anti-freezing structure that can solve the problem of easy local damage to the concrete panel and vertical joint waterstop structure in severe cold.

[0004] Therefore, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] A prefabricated concrete panel rockfill dam ice-proof structure is provided, wherein a water-stop structure is provided in the vertical joint between two adjacent concrete panels. The ice-proof structure is set between the lowest water level and the highest water level in the water level fluctuation zone, and includes several ice-breaking structures arranged parallel to the slope direction of the concrete panels. The ice-breaking structures are detachably connected to the surface of the concrete panels.

[0006] Based on the above technical solutions, the present invention may also employ the following further technical solutions, or combine these further technical solutions:

[0007] A protective cover is provided between several ice-breaking structures on two adjacent concrete panels. A water-stopping structure is located inside the protective cover. The protective cover is detachably connected to the surface of the concrete panel, and the two ends of the protective cover are fixed with an edge sealant.

[0008] One end of the ice-crushing structure on the same horizontal line is adjacent to the protective cover.

[0009] The front side of the ice-breaking structure faces the lowest water level in the water level fluctuation zone. The front side of the ice-breaking structure is set as an arc-shaped plate, the lower end of the arc-shaped plate is attached to the concrete panel, and the upper end of the arc-shaped plate is raised away from the concrete panel.

[0010] The ice-crushing structure is a "factory" shaped structure. The upper side of the ice-crushing structure is a horizontally arranged flat plate, and an angle is formed between the flat plate and the arc-shaped plate. One end of the flat plate is attached to the concrete panel.

[0011] Several reinforcing ribs are fixed to the rear side of the arc-shaped plate.

[0012] The protective cover, the ice-crushing structure, and the reinforcing ribs are all made of stainless steel.

[0013] The lower end of the protective cover is located below the lowest water level in the water level fluctuation zone, and the upper end of the protective cover is located above the highest water level in the water level fluctuation zone.

[0014] The ice-breaking structure is fixed to the concrete panel using countersunk bolts.

[0015] The purpose of this invention is also to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a method for using a prefabricated concrete panel rockfill dam anti-freezing structure, which can solve the problem that the concrete panel and vertical joint waterstop structure are prone to local damage in severe cold.

[0016] Therefore, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0017] A method for using a prefabricated concrete-faced rockfill dam anti-freezing structure includes the following steps:

[0018] 1. Precast protective cover: The size of the protective cover is designed according to the size of the water-stop structure and the height between the lowest water level and the highest water level in the water level fluctuation zone. The width of the protective cover must be greater than the width of the water-stop structure, and the length of the protective cover must be greater than the length and height of the concrete panel (4) between the lowest water level and the highest water level in the water level fluctuation zone.

[0019] 2. Prefabricated ice crushing structure: The dimensions of the ice crushing structure are designed according to the transverse width of the protective cover and the concrete panel. The "factory"-shaped ice crushing structure is prefabricated and several reinforcing ribs are welded to the back of the arc-shaped plate of the ice crushing structure.

[0020] 3. Based on the height between the lowest water level and the highest water level in the water level fluctuation zone, several ice-breaking structures are set between the two. The ice-breaking structures are set parallel to the slope direction of the concrete panel, and the distance between two ice-breaking structures is greater than or equal to 1.5 meters. The ice-breaking structures are fixed to the concrete panel with countersunk bolts.

[0021] 4. Install a protective cover above the water-stop structure. The protective cover is fixed to the concrete panel with bolts, and the two ends of the protective cover are fixed with edge sealant.

[0022] V. Ice-proof structure operation: During cold periods, when the water level changes, the ice-breaking structure closest to the water level line plays a role. When it encounters water and freezes, the ice layer only rises to the ice-breaking structure near the water level line, forming a near-dam ice-breaking zone. The angle formed between the flat plate and the curved plate of the ice-breaking structure enhances the ice-breaking effect. The arrangement of the ice-breaking structure can be dynamically adjusted according to the ice-breaking effect during operation. If there are too many, they can be removed; if there are not enough, they can be added.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: by setting up a broken ice structure between the lowest water level and the highest water level in the water level fluctuation zone, a broken ice zone near the dam is formed, which promotes the breaking of ice layers in the near-dam area. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of AA.

[0026] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of BB.

[0027] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged diagram of point C in the middle. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with specific examples. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote elements with the same or similar functions throughout. However, it should be understood that the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. To better illustrate this embodiment, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual product size. It is understandable for those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings. The positional relationships described in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0029] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but this should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0030] The present invention provides an anti-icing structure for a prefabricated concrete panel rockfill dam. A water-stopping structure 6 is provided in the vertical joint 5 between two adjacent concrete panels 4. The anti-icing structure is set between the lowest water level 10 and the highest water level 11 in the water level fluctuation zone. It includes several ice-breaking structures 2 arranged parallel to the slope direction of the concrete panel 4. The ice-breaking structures 2 are detachably connected to the surface of the concrete panel 4.

[0031] Several rows of ice-breaking structures 2 (e.g., 3 to 5 rows) are generally set between the lowest water level 10 and the highest water level 11 in the water level fluctuation zone. In this embodiment, 4 rows of ice-breaking structures 2 are set along the slope direction of the concrete surface. If the water level fluctuation of the reservoir is large, an additional row can be added according to a height difference of about 2m.

[0032] When the water level changes during winter, the stainless steel anti-icing structure can promote the breaking of ice in the area near the dam, thus forming a "near-dam ice break zone" with a width greater than 50cm.

[0033] A protective cover 1 is provided between several ice-breaking structures 2 on two adjacent concrete panels 4. A water-stopping structure 6 is located inside the protective cover 1. The protective cover 1 is detachably connected to the surface of the concrete panel 4. The two ends of the protective cover 1 are fixed with an edge sealant.

[0034] The protective cover 1 has a relatively obvious "sinking" effect, which greatly reduces the ice pull-out force and ice thrust force of the ice layer at the vertical seam.

[0035] Both the protective cover 1 and the ice-breaking structure 2 are independent structures, which can better adapt to vertical seam deformation.

[0036] In this embodiment, the protective cover 1 is fixed to the concrete panel 4 with bolts, and the bolt spacing is 0.3~0.5m.

[0037] One end of the ice-crushing structure 2 on the same horizontal line is adjacent to the protective cover 1. That is, the sum of the length of several ice-crushing structures 2 on the same horizontal line and the width of several protective covers 1 is equal to the sum of the widths of several concrete panels 4. The width of the protective cover 1 is 0.6m. The length of the ice-crushing structure 2 between two protective covers 1 is the width of the concrete panel 4 minus 0.6m. The width of the concrete panel 4 is 9~12m.

[0038] The front side of the ice-breaking structure 2 faces the lowest water level 10 in the water level fluctuation zone. The front side of the ice-breaking structure 2 is set as an arc-shaped plate. The lower end of the arc-shaped plate is attached to the concrete panel 4, and the upper end of the arc-shaped plate is raised away from the concrete panel 4.

[0039] In this embodiment, the arc plate is a circular arc plate with a radius in the range of 0.7~1.1m.

[0040] The ice-breaking structure 2 is a "factory" shaped structure. The upper side of the ice-breaking structure 2 is a horizontally set flat plate, which forms an angle with the curved plate. One end of the flat plate is attached to the concrete panel 4.

[0041] As the water level rises, the anti-icing structure's reverse-arc steel plate makes it easier for ice to climb up, and the angle between the reverse arc and the horizontal section enhances the ice-breaking effect.

[0042] In this embodiment, the length of the planar plate is 0.5~1m.

[0043] Several reinforcing ribs 3 are fixed to the rear side of the arc-shaped plate.

[0044] In this embodiment, the reinforcing rib 3 is perpendicular to the flat plate of the ice-crushing structure 2 and located below the flat plate. The reinforcing rib 3 is welded to the ice-crushing structure 2.

[0045] Each ice-breaking structure 2 can be followed by 4 to 6 reinforcing ribs 3, with a spacing of about 2m between two adjacent reinforcing ribs 3.

[0046] The protective cover 1, the ice-crushing structure 2, and the reinforcing ribs 3 are all made of stainless steel, which can prevent rust and improve durability.

[0047] In this embodiment, the stainless steel plate used for the protective cover 1 has a thickness of 0.5~1mm; the stainless steel plate used for the ice crushing structure 2 has a thickness of 0.8~2mm, which can be adjusted according to the degree of freezing; and the stainless steel plate used for the reinforcing rib 3 has a thickness of 0.8~2mm.

[0048] The lower end of the protective cover 1 is below the lowest water level 10 in the water level fluctuation zone, and the upper end of the protective cover 1 is above the highest water level 11 in the water level fluctuation zone.

[0049] In this embodiment, the lower end of the protective cover 1 is located 0.5m below the lowest water level 10 in the water level fluctuation zone, and the upper end of the protective cover 1 is located 0.5m above the highest water level 11 in the water level fluctuation zone.

[0050] The ice-breaking structure 2 is fixed to the concrete panel 4 with countersunk bolts, and the distance between two adjacent countersunk bolts is 0.3m to 0.5m.

[0051] Countersunk bolt anchoring can reduce the resistance to ice rise, prevent the joint anchors from being pulled out by ice, thus preventing the anti-icing structure from becoming unstable and enhancing the reliability of the anti-icing structure.

[0052] A method for using a prefabricated concrete-faced rockfill dam anti-freezing structure includes the following steps:

[0053] 1. Prefabricated protective cover 1. The size of the protective cover 1 is designed according to the size of the water-stop structure 6 and the height between the lowest water level 10 and the highest water level 11 in the water level fluctuation zone. The width of the protective cover 1 must be greater than the width of the water-stop structure 6, and the length of the protective cover 1 must be greater than the length of the concrete panel (4) between the lowest water level 10 and the highest water level 11 in the water level fluctuation zone.

[0054] 2. Prefabricated ice-breaking structure 2: The dimensions of the ice-breaking structure 2 are designed according to the transverse width of the protective cover 1 and the concrete panel 4. The "factory"-shaped ice-breaking structure 2 is prefabricated and formed in advance, and several reinforcing ribs 3 are welded to the back side of the arc plate of the ice-breaking structure 2.

[0055] 3. Based on the height between the lowest water level 10 and the highest water level 11 in the water level fluctuation zone, several ice-breaking structures 2 are set between the two. The ice-breaking structures 2 are set parallel to the slope direction of the concrete panel 4. The distance between two upper and lower ice-breaking structures 2 is greater than or equal to 1.5 meters. The ice-breaking structures 2 are fixed to the concrete panel 4 with countersunk bolts.

[0056] 4. Install a protective cover 1 above the water-stop structure 6. The protective cover 1 is fixed to the concrete panel 4 with bolts, and the two ends of the protective cover 1 are fixed with edge sealant.

[0057] V. Ice-proof structure operation: During cold periods, when the water level changes, the ice-breaking structure 2 closest to the water level line will play a role. When it encounters water, it will freeze. The ice layer will only rise to the ice-breaking structure 2 near the water level line, forming a near-dam ice-breaking zone. The angle formed between the flat plate and the curved plate of the ice-breaking structure 2 will enhance the ice-breaking effect. The arrangement of the ice-breaking structure 2 can be dynamically adjusted according to the ice-breaking effect during operation. If there are too many, they will be removed; if there are not enough, they will be added.

[0058] In this embodiment, the concrete panel 4 is a reinforced concrete seepage-proof structure located on the upstream side of the rockfill. The slope ratio in the direction of water flow is generally 1:1.4 to 1:1.5. It is made of concrete of not less than C25 and the thickness is designed according to its water head resistance, generally 0.3 to 1m.

[0059] Vertical joint 5 of the panel is a vertical joint between concrete panels 4, with a width of generally 9~12m, and a water-stop structure 6 is installed in the joint.

[0060] The water-stopping structure 6 is a plastic water-stopping structure on the surface of the vertical joint of the panel. Generally, the bottom of the vertical joint is a copper water-stopping plate, the top of the vertical joint is made into a V-shaped groove, the groove is filled with plastic anti-seepage filler, the surface is sealed with an anti-seepage protective cover, and the two ends are fixed with angle steel or flat steel + bolts.

[0061] Below the concrete panel 4 are, in sequence, the foundation layer 7, the transition zone 8, and the upstream riprap zone 8;

[0062] Among them, the subbase 7 is the direct support for the concrete panel 4, which uniformly transmits water pressure to the rockfill and plays a role in seepage control. The width is 1~4m, and it is generally made of weak and slightly weathered materials. The maximum particle size is generally no more than 8cm, and it is continuously graded.

[0063] Transition zone 8, located between cushion layer 7 and upstream rockfill zone 9, is a dam body section that serves as a protection and transition zone. It is 2-5m wide and is generally composed of weakly or slightly weathered blasted excavated stone with continuous gradation.

[0064] Among them, the upstream rockfill area 9, located in the upstream part of the dam, is the main support structure bearing water load. It is generally composed of weakly or slightly weathered blasted excavated stone with continuous gradation.

[0065] The lowest water level in the water level fluctuation zone is 10, which is the lowest elevation of the reservoir water level change.

[0066] The highest water level in the water level fluctuation zone is 11, which is the highest elevation of the reservoir water level change.

[0067] It should be noted that the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. The terms "installed," "set," "equipped with," "connected," "linked," and "sleeve" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral construction; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or an internal connection between two mechanisms, elements, or components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0068] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "one end," "the other end," "outer side," "inner side," "horizontal," "end," "length," "outer end," "left," and "right," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the mechanism or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention. The terms "first" and "second" are also used only for the sake of brevity in description and do not indicate or imply relative importance.

[0069] Furthermore, in practicing the claims of this invention, those skilled in the art can understand and influence variations to the disclosed embodiments through a study of the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims. Additionally, in the claims and description, words such as "comprising" and "containing" do not exclude other elements or steps, and non-plural nouns do not exclude their plural forms.

[0070] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the present invention are covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention, and will not be listed here.

Claims

1. A prefabricated concrete-faced rockfill dam anti-freezing structure, wherein a water-stopping structure (6) is provided in the vertical joint (5) between two adjacent concrete panels (4), characterized in that, The anti-freezing structure is set between the lowest water level (10) and the highest water level (11) in the water level fluctuation zone, and includes several ice-breaking structures (2) arranged parallel to the slope direction of the concrete panel (4). The ice-breaking structures (2) are detachably connected to the surface of the concrete panel (4). The front side of the ice-breaking structure (2) faces the lowest water level (10) of the water level fluctuation zone. The front side of the ice-breaking structure (2) is set as an arc plate. The lower end of the arc plate is attached to the concrete panel (4), and the upper end of the arc plate is raised away from the concrete panel (4).

2. The prefabricated concrete-faced rockfill dam anti-freezing structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A protective cover (1) is provided between several ice-breaking structures (2) on two adjacent concrete panels (4). A water-stopping structure (6) is located inside the protective cover (1). The protective cover (1) is detachably connected to the surface of the concrete panel (4). The two ends of the protective cover (1) are fixed with an edge sealant.

3. The prefabricated concrete-faced rockfill dam anti-freezing structure as described in claim 2, characterized in that, One end of the ice-crushing structure (2) on the same horizontal line is adjacent to the protective cover (1).

4. The prefabricated concrete-faced rockfill dam anti-freezing structure as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The ice-crushing structure (2) is a "plant" shaped structure. The upper side of the ice-crushing structure (2) is a horizontally set flat plate. The flat plate and the arc plate form an angle. One end of the flat plate is attached to the concrete panel (4).

5. The prefabricated concrete-faced rockfill dam anti-freezing structure as described in claim 4, characterized in that, Several reinforcing ribs (3) are fixed to the rear side of the arc-shaped plate.

6. The prefabricated concrete-faced rockfill dam anti-freezing structure as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The protective cover (1), the ice-crushing structure (2), and the reinforcing rib (3) are all made of stainless steel.

7. The prefabricated concrete-faced rockfill dam anti-freezing structure as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The lower end of the protective cover (1) is below the lowest water level (10) of the water level fluctuation zone, and the upper end of the protective cover (1) is above the highest water level (11) of the water level fluctuation zone.

8. The prefabricated concrete-faced rockfill dam anti-freezing structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The ice-breaking structure (2) is fixed to the concrete panel (4) using countersunk bolts.

9. A method for using a prefabricated concrete-faced rockfill dam anti-freezing structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps:

1. Prefabricated protective cover (1): The size of the protective cover (1) is designed according to the size of the water-stop structure (6) and the height between the lowest water level (10) and the highest water level (11) in the water level fluctuation zone. The width of the protective cover (1) must be greater than the width of the water-stop structure (6), and the length of the protective cover (1) must be greater than the height between the lowest water level (10) and the highest water level (11) in the water level fluctuation zone and the length of the concrete panel (4).

2. Prefabricated ice crushing structure (2): The size of the ice crushing structure (2) is designed according to the transverse width of the protective cover (1) and the concrete panel (4). The "factory" shaped ice crushing structure (2) is prefabricated and several reinforcing ribs (3) are welded to the back of the arc plate of the ice crushing structure (2).

3. Based on the height between the lowest water level (10) and the highest water level (11) in the water level fluctuation zone, several ice-breaking structures (2) are set between them. The ice-breaking structures (2) are set parallel to the slope direction of the concrete panel (4). The distance between the upper and lower ice-breaking structures (2) is greater than or equal to 1.5 meters. The ice-breaking structures (2) are fixed to the concrete panel (4) with countersunk bolts.

4. Install a protective cover (1) above the water-stop structure (6). The protective cover (1) is fixed to the concrete panel (4) with bolts. The two ends of the protective cover (1) are fixed with edge sealant. V. Anti-freezing structure operation: During cold periods, when the water level changes, the ice-breaking structure (2) closest to the water level line plays a role. When it encounters water, it freezes. The ice layer only rises to the ice-breaking structure (2) near the water level line, forming a near-dam ice-breaking zone. The angle formed between the flat plate and the curved plate of the ice-breaking structure (2) enhances the ice-breaking effect. According to the ice-breaking effect during operation, the arrangement of the ice-breaking structure (2) can be dynamically adjusted. If there are too many, they will be removed; if there are not enough, they will be added.

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