An experimental system and method for simulating production disturbances in deep and shallow thermal reservoirs.

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of geothermal extraction technology, specifically relating to an experimental system and method for simulating production interference between deep and shallow geothermal reservoirs. The invention involves sequentially setting a shallow simulation model, a partition simulation model, and a deep simulation model from top to bottom within a high-pressure sealed shell. A fracture simulation model is vertically positioned within the high-pressure sealed shell. Permeable fractures are established at their upper and lower ends, respectively connected to the shallow and deep simulation models. The partition simulation model is isolated from the shallow, deep, and fracture simulation models, thus forming isolated shallow and deep simulation models and simulating fracture connectivity between them. The temperature of the shallow and deep simulation models is controlled using shallow and deep heating devices, and injection and production parameters are controlled using an injection and production system, thereby simulating production interference between deep and shallow geothermal reservoirs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of geothermal extraction technology, specifically relating to an experimental system and method for simulating production disturbances in deep and shallow geothermal reservoirs. Background Technology

[0002] Developing and utilizing geothermal energy is considered one of the most effective means of mitigating extreme weather events. my country has abundant geothermal energy resources distributed across its landmass from shallow to deep. Currently, domestic geothermal development and utilization mainly focuses on the direct use of shallow geothermal energy, while the development and utilization of deep geothermal energy and hot dry rock is also emerging. With the increasing demand and utilization of new energy sources, especially geothermal energy, driven by social development, how to efficiently, sustainably, and environmentally friendly extract these geothermal resources is the primary issue we face.

[0003] Although the development and utilization of geothermal resources in China is relatively mature, research often focuses solely on the independent evaluation and development of deep or shallow geothermal reservoirs, with little in-depth study of heat and mass transfer phenomena between shallow and deep reservoirs within the same geothermal system. Some traditional views hold that deep and shallow geothermal reservoir systems are isolated from each other. However, some field pumping tests and geochemical analyses indicate hydraulic connectivity between deep and shallow reservoirs (e.g., a geothermal field north of Beijing) and the potential for shared recharge areas. Deep reservoirs provide upward flow channels for deep fluids and groundwater recharge channels through fault zones in tectonically active regions, and the degree of influence of deep reservoirs on shallow reservoirs is significantly correlated with geological structure. Regarding energy supply, shallow reservoirs derive some energy from solar radiation and some from heat conduction from deeper reservoirs. The extent of these interactions between deep and shallow reservoirs is frequently underestimated. Therefore, during the development of geothermal energy, questions remain to be answered, such as whether the development and utilization of deep geothermal resources will lead to the depletion of shallow geothermal resources, whether the development and utilization of shallow geothermal resources will affect the sustainable supply of deep geothermal resources, and how shallow geothermal heating areas can use medium-deep geothermal energy to supplement shallow geothermal energy to solve the problem of thermal imbalance. These questions will all affect the sustainable development of human society to some extent.

[0004] Some regions in China possess abundant deep and shallow geothermal resources, such as northern Beijing and Xiong'an New Area. In recent years, many regions have implemented integrated deep and shallow geothermal energy application projects (such as the main buildings of the Beijing World Horticultural Exposition and the Zhengzhou Kunpeng Software Town Fengxi New City). Therefore, understanding the heat and mass transfer mechanisms between deep and shallow geothermal reservoirs is crucial for guiding the efficient development and utilization of geothermal energy. However, current research and experimental methods are lacking, necessitating a new experimental approach to reveal the nature of production disturbances between deep and shallow geothermal reservoirs, providing guidance for subsequent regulation and control decisions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a simulation experimental system and method for production disturbances between deep and shallow thermal reservoirs. Based on the established simulation experimental system for production disturbances between deep and shallow thermal reservoirs, this invention studies the heat and mass transfer mechanism and production control methods between deep and shallow thermal reservoirs through fractures, providing an effective simulation experimental means for further research on the development laws of this type of thermal reservoir.

[0006] This invention simulates the interference between deep and shallow thermal reservoirs by sequentially setting a shallow simulation model, a partition simulation model, and a deep simulation model from top to bottom within a high-pressure sealed shell, and vertically setting a fracture simulation model within the high-pressure sealed shell. The fracture simulation model is equipped with permeable fractures at its upper and lower ends, respectively connected to the shallow and deep simulation models. The partition simulation model is isolated from the shallow, deep, and fracture simulation models, thus forming isolated shallow and deep simulation models, as well as simulated interconnected fractures between the shallow and deep simulation models. The temperature of the shallow and deep simulation models is controlled using shallow and deep heating devices, and the injection and production parameters are controlled using an injection and production system, thereby simulating the interference between deep and shallow thermal reservoir production.

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is achieved by the following technical solution: a simulation experimental system for production disturbance of deep and shallow thermal reservoirs, including a reservoir simulation system, an injection and production system, a heating system and a temperature monitoring system;

[0008] The reservoir simulation system includes a high-pressure sealed shell, a shallow simulation model, a partition simulation model, and a deep simulation model arranged sequentially from top to bottom inside the high-pressure sealed shell, and a fracture simulation model arranged vertically inside the high-pressure sealed shell. The fracture simulation model includes permeable fractures that are connected to the shallow simulation model and the deep simulation model at their upper and lower ends, respectively. Both the shallow simulation model and the deep simulation model are made of permeable materials.

[0009] The layer simulation model is isolated from the shallow layer simulation model, the deep layer simulation model, and the crack simulation model, respectively.

[0010] The injection and production system includes a simulated injection well, a simulated production well, an injection control system connected to the simulated injection well, and an output control system connected to the simulated production well.

[0011] The simulated water injection well is located within the shallow simulation model, while the simulated water intake well is located within the deep simulation model.

[0012] Alternatively, the simulated water injection well is located in a deep simulation model, and the simulated water intake well is located in a shallow simulation model;

[0013] The heating system includes a shallow heating device installed in a shallow simulation model, a deep heating device installed in a deep simulation model, and a heating control system electrically connected to the shallow heating device and the deep heating device respectively.

[0014] The temperature detection system includes a shallow temperature detection device installed in a shallow simulation model, a deep temperature detection device installed in a deep simulation model, and a temperature detection system connected to the shallow temperature detection device and the deep temperature detection device respectively.

[0015] Preferably, the present invention further includes an intermediate baffle vertically disposed within the high-pressure sealing shell, wherein the crack simulation model is located within the intermediate baffle;

[0016] The intermediate baffle includes a shallow permeation chamber, a non-permeation chamber, and a deep permeation chamber connected sequentially from top to bottom;

[0017] A permeable mesh baffle is provided between the shallow permeation cavity and the shallow simulation model, and between the deep permeation cavity and the deep simulation model;

[0018] The non-permeable cavity corresponds to the partition simulation model, and a non-permeable baffle is provided between the non-permeable cavity and the partition simulation model. To facilitate the arrangement of the shallow simulation model, partition simulation model, deep simulation model, and crack simulation model within the high-pressure sealed shell without causing model material to enter the permeable cracks, the crack simulation model is placed within the intermediate baffle. Permeable mesh baffles are installed between the shallow permeable cavity and the shallow simulation model, and between the deep permeable cavity and the deep simulation model, to achieve communication between the permeable cracks and the shallow and deep simulation models. By correspondingly arranging the non-permeable cavity to the partition simulation model and installing a non-permeable baffle between them, isolation between the partition simulation model and the crack simulation model is achieved.

[0019] Preferably, the crack simulation model of the present invention further includes a non-permeable crack left baffle, a non-permeable crack right baffle, a non-permeable crack top baffle, and a non-permeable crack bottom baffle;

[0020] The top baffle and bottom baffle of the non-permeable fracture are arranged alternately, and the left baffle and right baffle of the non-permeable fracture are arranged alternately.

[0021] The non-permeable fracture left baffle, non-permeable fracture right baffle, non-permeable fracture top baffle, and non-permeable fracture bottom baffle are spliced ​​together to form a permeable fracture. The use of these spliced ​​non-permeable fracture left baffle, non-permeable fracture right baffle, non-permeable fracture top baffle, and non-permeable fracture bottom baffle to form a permeable fracture facilitates adjustment of the length, width, and height of the permeable fracture.

[0022] Preferably, the shallow simulation model and the deep simulation model are respectively filled with sand particles;

[0023] The interlayer simulation model is filled with a non-permeable material. Permeable gaps can be formed between sand grains, thus sand grains are used to simulate deep and shallow thermal reservoirs; the interlayer simulation model is made of a non-permeable material to simulate the isolation layer between deep and shallow thermal reservoirs.

[0024] Preferably, the water injection control system of the present invention includes a water supply tank, a water injection pump, and a flow meter;

[0025] The water outlet control system includes a water collection tank and a throttling control valve;

[0026] The water injection pump and flow meter are installed between the water supply tank and the simulated water injection well, and the water supply tank, water injection pump and simulated water injection well are connected by a pipeline;

[0027] The throttling control valve is installed between the water collection tank and the simulated water intake well, which are connected by a pipeline. A water injection pump injects water from the supply tank into either the shallow or deep simulation model. The water collection tank collects water discharged from the simulated water intake well. A flow meter detects the flow rate of the injected water, and the throttling control valve controls the flow rate of the discharged water, thereby simulating disturbances in deep and shallow geothermal storage production under different flow rates.

[0028] Preferably, the simulated injection well and the simulated intake well are located on the same side of the fracture simulation model.

[0029] Alternatively, the simulated injection wellbore and the simulated production wellbore may be located on opposite sides of the fracture simulation model. The fracture simulation model divides the energy cavity of the high-pressure sealing shell into two parts, and the simulated injection wellbore and the simulated production wellbore may be located on the same side of the fracture simulation model or on opposite sides of the fracture simulation model.

[0030] Preferably, the shallow heating device and the deep heating device are horizontally coiled electric heating lines. By setting horizontally coiled electric heating lines within the shallow and deep simulation models, rapid and uniform heating of the shallow and deep simulation models can be achieved, improving experimental efficiency.

[0031] Preferably, the shallow temperature detection device and the deep temperature detection device are temperature sensors connected in series on the temperature acquisition line, and the temperature sensors are spaced apart from each other. By setting spaced temperature sensors in the shallow and deep simulation models, the temperature at various points in the shallow and deep simulation models can be monitored, facilitating the study of the temperature change patterns in the shallow and deep simulation models.

[0032] This invention also discloses a method for simulating production disturbances in deep and shallow geothermal reservoirs. Utilizing the aforementioned simulation system, it is applicable to both shallow water extraction and deep water injection scenarios, and includes the following steps:

[0033] S1. Construct a simulation experimental system for production disturbances in deep and shallow thermal storage;

[0034] S2. Open the water injection control system and the water outlet control system. Use the water injection control system to inject water into the shallow and deep simulation models through the simulated water injection well to saturate the shallow and deep simulation models with water. Then close the water injection control system and the water outlet control system.

[0035] S3. Based on the experimental temperature requirements of the shallow and deep layers, the heating control system is used to control the shallow heating device and the deep heating device to heat the shallow simulation model and the deep simulation model to their respective predetermined temperatures.

[0036] The temperature detection system collects temperature values ​​within the shallow and deep simulation models using shallow and deep temperature detection devices, respectively.

[0037] S4. Turn on the water injection control system and the water outlet control system. Use the water injection control system to inject water into the shallow simulation model or the deep simulation model through the simulated water injection well according to the set flow rate. The temperature detection system collects the temperature values ​​in the shallow simulation model and the deep simulation model through the shallow temperature detection device and the deep temperature detection device respectively.

[0038] S5. Turn off the water injection control system and the water outlet control system to complete the experiment;

[0039] S6. Repeat step S3 to heat the shallow simulation model and the deep simulation model to the predetermined values.

[0040] S7. Change the flow rate of water injected by the water injection control system, repeat steps S4 and S5, complete the experiment with different flow rates, and obtain the variation law of produced water temperature and reservoir temperature under the same initial reservoir temperature and different water injection volumes.

[0041] S8. Change the predetermined temperature in step S3, repeat steps S3 to S7, complete the experiment at different temperatures, and obtain the variation law of produced water temperature and reservoir temperature under different initial reservoir temperatures.

[0042] S9. By changing one parameter—either the height, width, or length of the permeable fracture, or the position of the simulated injection well or the position of the simulated production well—each time, repeating steps S1 to S8, the variation patterns of produced water temperature and reservoir temperature under different permeable fracture heights, widths, lengths, injection well positions, or production well positions can be determined.

[0043] Preferably, the present invention further includes step S10, changing the permeable material composition of the shallow simulation model and the deep simulation model, and repeating steps S1-S9 to complete the simulation experiment of production interference of deep and shallow thermal storage under different permeability conditions.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) The simulation experimental system constructed by the present invention uses the heating control system to control the shallow heating device and the deep heating device to heat the shallow simulation model and the deep simulation model respectively, which can realize the simulation of the production interference process between thermal reservoirs at different temperatures and reveal the heat and mass transfer phenomena and laws between layers.

[0045] (2) The simulation experimental system constructed by the present invention can simulate different fracture properties by changing the size of the interlayer connection channel, that is, by adjusting the length, width or height of the permeable fractures that are connected to the shallow simulation model and the deep simulation model at the upper and lower ends respectively, thereby revealing the influence of fracture connectivity properties on deep and shallow production.

[0046] (3) The simulation experimental system constructed by the present invention can simulate the impact of well spacing on geothermal extraction by adjusting the positional relationship between the simulated water injection well, the simulated water extraction well and the permeable fracture, thus providing a basis for the optimization of well spacing for such geothermal reservoir extraction.

[0047] Furthermore, the present invention can simulate the working conditions of shallow water extraction and deep water injection, as well as the working conditions of deep water extraction and shallow water injection.

[0048] (4) Most current geothermal extraction simulation experiments are aimed at single geothermal reservoirs. In this invention, the shallow simulation model and the deep simulation model have different temperatures to simulate shallow geothermal reservoirs and deep geothermal reservoirs respectively. Furthermore, the shallow simulation model and the deep simulation model are connected by permeable gaps, which solves the technical problem of the lack of simulation experiments for interferences in the production of deep and shallow geothermal reservoirs. Attached Figure Description

[0049] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the deep and shallow thermal storage production interference simulation experimental system used to simulate deep water extraction and shallow water injection conditions in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the deep and shallow thermal storage production interference simulation experimental system used to simulate shallow water extraction and deep water injection conditions in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 3 for Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 6 Cross-sectional view of WW in China;

[0052] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the intermediate baffle in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the crack simulation model according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the deep and shallow thermal storage production interference simulation experimental system used to simulate deep water extraction and shallow water injection conditions in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0055] In the figure, 101 is the high-pressure sealing shell, 102 is the shallow simulation model, 103 is the interlayer simulation model, 104 is the deep simulation model, and 105 is the crack simulation model.

[0056] 1051 Permeable fracture, 1052 Left baffle of non-permeable fracture, 1053 Right baffle of non-permeable fracture, 1054 Top baffle of non-permeable fracture, 1055 Bottom baffle of non-permeable fracture;

[0057] 201 Simulated water injection wellbore, 202 Simulated water intake wellbore, 203 Water supply tank, 204 Water injection pump, 205 Flow meter, 206 Water collection tank, 207 Throttling control valve;

[0058] 301 Shallow heating device, 302 Deep heating device;

[0059] 401 Shallow temperature detection device; 402 Deep temperature detection device;

[0060] 500 Intermediate baffle, 501 Shallow permeation chamber, 502 Non-permeation chamber, 503 Deep permeation chamber;

[0061] 5001 Permeable mesh left baffle, 5002 Permeable mesh right baffle, 5003 Non-permeable rear baffle, 5004 Non-permeable front baffle, 5005 Non-permeable baffle bottom, 5006 Non-permeable slider;

[0062] 600 permeable mesh baffle, 700 non-permeable baffle. Detailed Implementation

[0063] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0064] Example 1

[0065] like Figures 1-3 As shown, a simulation experimental system for production disturbances in deep and shallow thermal reservoirs includes a reservoir simulation system, an injection and production system, a heating system, and a temperature monitoring system.

[0066] The reservoir simulation system includes a high-pressure sealed shell 101, a shallow simulation model 102, a layer simulation model 103, and a deep simulation model 104 arranged sequentially from top to bottom within the high-pressure sealed shell 101, and a fracture simulation model 105 arranged vertically within the high-pressure sealed shell 101. The fracture simulation model 105 includes permeable fractures 1051 whose upper and lower ends are respectively connected to the shallow simulation model 102 and the deep simulation model 104. Both the shallow simulation model 102 and the deep simulation model 104 are made of permeable materials.

[0067] The partition simulation model 103 is isolated from the shallow simulation model 102, the deep simulation model 104, and the crack simulation model 105, respectively. Specifically, the partition simulation model 103 does not permeate each other with the shallow simulation model 102, the deep simulation model 104, and the crack simulation model 105. In order to further reduce the interference between the models, a heat insulation layer can be set between the partition simulation model 103 and the shallow simulation model 102, the deep simulation model 104, and the crack simulation model 105.

[0068] The shallow simulation model 102 and the deep simulation model 104 are both filled with sand. The shallow simulation model 102 is a cuboid with length, width, and height of L, W, and H1, respectively. The deep simulation model 104 is a cuboid with length, width, and height of L, W, and H3, respectively.

[0069] The partition simulation model 103 is filled with a non-permeable material, specifically cement concrete. In this embodiment, the crack simulation model 105 divides the inner cavity of the high-pressure sealing shell 101 into left and right parts. The partition simulation model 103 consists of two cuboids located on both sides of the crack simulation model 105, with length, width, and height L, Wa, H2 and L, Wb, H2, respectively. Wa and Wb can be equal or unequal.

[0070] In the reservoir simulation system, the deep simulation model 104 is placed at the bottom of the high-pressure sealed shell 101, with the interlayer simulation model 103 placed on top and the shallow simulation model 102 placed at the top. The fracture simulation model 105 penetrates the shallow simulation model 102, the interlayer simulation model 103, and the deep simulation model 104 from top to bottom.

[0071] In this embodiment, the high-pressure sealing housing 101 is made of high-pressure steel, with internal length, width and height of L, W and H respectively. Its bottom and four sides are welded together, and the top is a detachable steel cover, which is connected to the four sides of the main body of the high-pressure sealing housing 101 by bolts.

[0072] Specifically, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the deep and shallow thermal storage production interference simulation experimental system also includes an intermediate baffle 500 vertically arranged in the high-pressure sealed shell 101, and the crack simulation model 105 is located in the intermediate baffle 500.

[0073] The intermediate baffle 500 includes a shallow permeation cavity 501, a non-permeation cavity 502, and a deep permeation cavity 503 connected sequentially from top to bottom.

[0074] A permeable mesh baffle 600 is provided between the shallow permeation cavity 501 and the shallow simulation model 102, and between the deep permeation cavity 503 and the deep simulation model 104.

[0075] The non-permeable cavity 502 corresponds to the partition simulation model 103, and a non-permeable baffle 700 is provided between the non-permeable cavity 502 and the partition simulation model 103.

[0076] Specifically, such as Figure 4 As shown, the intermediate baffle 500 is a hollow cuboid structure with an upward opening, composed of a permeable mesh-like left baffle 5001, a permeable mesh-like right baffle 5002, a non-permeable rear baffle 5003, a non-permeable front baffle 5004, a non-permeable baffle bottom 5005, and a non-permeable slider 5006. The non-permeable baffle bottom 5005 can be closed or open. Its height is equal to H1+H2+H3, its length is equal to L, and its width is equal to the distance between the permeable mesh-like left baffle 5001 and the permeable mesh-like right baffle 5002, which simulates the width of the permeable fracture. The distance between the permeable mesh-like left baffle 5001 and the permeable mesh-like right baffle 5002, plus the widths Wa and Wb of the two cuboids in the interlayer simulation model 103, equals the width W of the shallow simulation model 102.

[0077] The height of the non-permeable slider 5006 is equal to the height H2 of the interlayer simulation model 103, and its position in the entire reservoir simulation system is consistent with the position of the interlayer simulation model 103.

[0078] In this embodiment, the intermediate baffle 500 serves to support the shallow simulation model 102, the interlayer simulation model 103, and the deep simulation model 104. Its permeable mesh-shaped left baffle 5001 and permeable mesh-shaped right baffle 5002 can prevent sand particles in the shallow simulation model 102 and the deep simulation model 104 from entering the gap between the permeable mesh-shaped left baffle 5001 and the permeable mesh-shaped right baffle 5002.

[0079] The crack simulation model 105 is placed in the intermediate baffle 500 to simulate the crack channel connecting the shallow simulation model 102 and the deep simulation model 104.

[0080] like Figure 5 As shown, the crack simulation model 105 also includes a non-permeable crack left baffle 1052, a non-permeable crack right baffle 1053, a non-permeable crack top baffle 1054, and a non-permeable crack bottom baffle 1055.

[0081] The non-permeable fracture top baffle 1054 and the non-permeable fracture bottom baffle 1055 are arranged alternately, and the non-permeable fracture left baffle 1052 and the non-permeable fracture right baffle 1053 are arranged alternately.

[0082] The non-permeable fracture left baffle 1052, non-permeable fracture right baffle 1053, non-permeable fracture top baffle 1054, and non-permeable fracture bottom baffle 1055 are spliced ​​together to form a permeable fracture 1051.

[0083] Specifically, the sum of the height of the permeable fracture 1051, the height of the top baffle 1054 of the non-permeable fracture, and the height of the bottom baffle 1055 of the non-permeable fracture is equal to the height of the intermediate baffle 500.

[0084] The sum of the lengths of the permeable fracture 1051, the back baffle 5003 of the non-permeable fracture, and the front baffle 5004 of the non-permeable fracture is equal to the length of the intermediate baffle 500.

[0085] The width of the permeable fracture 1051, the width of the non-permeable fracture rear baffle 5003, the width of the non-permeable fracture front baffle 5004, the width of the non-permeable fracture top baffle 1054, and the width of the non-permeable fracture bottom baffle 1055 are all equal to the width of the gap between the permeable mesh-like left baffle 5001 and the permeable mesh-like right baffle 5002 in the intermediate baffle 500.

[0086] In this embodiment, the lengths of the non-permeable fracture rear baffle 5003 and the non-permeable fracture front baffle 5004 are adjustable. By adjusting the lengths of the two, different lengths of permeable fractures 1051 can be obtained, thereby simulating different fracture lengths.

[0087] The height of the non-permeable fracture top baffle 1054 and the height of the non-permeable fracture bottom baffle 1055 are adjustable. By adjusting the height of the two, different heights of permeable fractures 1051 can be obtained, thereby simulating different fracture heights.

[0088] By adjusting the distance between the permeable mesh-like left baffle 5001 and the permeable mesh-like right baffle 5002 in the intermediate baffle 500, simulations of different crack widths can be achieved.

[0089] In this embodiment, the height of the permeable fissure 1051 is greater than the height of the non-permeable slider 5006, and its height extends beyond the boundary of the non-permeable slider 5006.

[0090] The injection and production system includes a simulated injection wellbore 201, a simulated production wellbore 202, an injection control system connected to the simulated injection wellbore 201, and a production control system connected to the simulated production wellbore 202.

[0091] The simulated water injection wellbore 201 is located within the shallow simulation model 102, and the simulated water intake wellbore 202 is located within the deep simulation model 104.

[0092] Alternatively, the simulated water injection wellbore 201 may be located in the deep simulation model 104, and the simulated water intake wellbore 202 may be located in the shallow simulation model 102.

[0093] Specifically, the water injection control system includes a water supply tank 203, a water injection pump 204, and a flow meter 205.

[0094] The water outlet control system includes a water collection tank 206 and a throttling control valve 207.

[0095] The water injection pump 204 and flow meter 205 are installed between the water supply tank 203 and the simulated water injection well 201. The water supply tank 203, water injection pump 204, and simulated water injection well 201 are connected by a pipeline. The water injection pump 204 is connected to the simulated water injection well 201 through a water injection pipeline, and the flow meter 205 is installed on the water injection pipeline to measure the water injection volume.

[0096] The throttling control valve 207 is installed between the water collection tank 206 and the simulated water intake well 202, which are connected by a pipeline. The water collection tank 206 is connected to the simulated water intake well 202 via an outlet pipeline, and the throttling control valve 207 is installed on the outlet pipeline to regulate and control the water output.

[0097] The simulated water injection wellbore 201 provides a flow channel for the injected water to enter the shallow simulation model 102 or the deep simulation model 104.

[0098] The simulated water intake well 202 provides a flow channel for the produced water to flow out of the shallow simulation model 102 or the deep simulation model 104.

[0099] The simulated water injection wellbore 201 is a hollow pipe made of low thermal conductivity material or thermal insulation material to reduce heat loss during fluid flow. Different water injection well locations can be simulated by adjusting the different horizontal extension distances and different vertical distances of the simulated water injection wellbore 201 in the shallow simulation model 102 or the deep simulation model 104.

[0100] The simulated water intake well 202 is a hollow pipe made of low thermal conductivity material or thermal insulation material to reduce heat loss during fluid flow. Different water intake well locations can be simulated by adjusting the different horizontal extension distances and different vertical distances of the simulated water intake well 202 in the shallow simulation model 102 or the deep simulation model 104.

[0101] The heating system includes a shallow heating device 301 disposed within the shallow simulation model 102, a deep heating device 302 disposed within the deep simulation model 104, and a heating control system electrically connected to both the shallow heating device 301 and the deep heating device 302. Specifically, the heating control system includes a shallow temperature controller electrically connected to the shallow heating device 301 and a deep temperature controller electrically connected to the deep heating device 302.

[0102] The temperature detection system includes a shallow temperature detection device 401 installed in the shallow simulation model 102, a deep temperature detection device 402 installed in the deep simulation model 104, and a temperature detection system electrically connected to the shallow temperature detection device 401 and the deep temperature detection device 402 respectively.

[0103] The simulated water injection wellbore 201 and the simulated water intake wellbore 202 are located on both sides of the fracture simulation model 105.

[0104] The shallow heating device 301 and the deep heating device 302 are horizontally coiled electric heating pipelines.

[0105] The shallow temperature detection device 401 and the deep temperature detection device 402 are temperature sensors connected in series on the temperature acquisition line, and the temperature sensors are spaced apart from each other.

[0106] Taking the shallow water injection and deep water output scenario as an example, during operation, water from the water supply tank 203 enters the water injection pump 204 through the water injection pipeline for pressurization, and then enters the shallow simulation model 102 through the simulated water injection well 201. Simultaneously, the flow meter 205 measures the injection volume. The water entering the shallow simulation model 102 flows through the pores between sand grains and then through the permeable mesh-like left baffle 5001 located above the intermediate baffle 500 in the shallow simulation model 102. The permeable grid-shaped right baffle 5002 enters the gap of the middle baffle 500, and then passes through the permeable fracture 1051 in the fracture simulation model 105. It then passes through the permeable grid-shaped left baffle 5001 and the permeable grid-shaped right baffle 5002 located in the deep simulation model 104 below the middle baffle 500 and enters the deep simulation model 104. Subsequently, it enters the simulated water intake well 202, and then flows through the outlet pipeline through the throttling control valve 207 before entering the water collection tank 206.

[0107] The shallow electric heating tube in the heating system is embedded in the shallow simulation model 102 and connected to the shallow temperature controller. The shallow simulation model 102 is heated by adjusting the parameters of the shallow temperature controller to simulate the predetermined reservoir temperature.

[0108] The deep heating tube in the heating system is embedded in the deep simulation model 104 and connected to the deep temperature controller. By adjusting the parameters of the deep temperature controller, the deep simulation model 104 is heated to simulate the predetermined reservoir temperature.

[0109] The shallow temperature sensor in the temperature monitoring system is embedded in the shallow simulation model 102 and connected to the temperature acquisition instrument through the shallow temperature acquisition line to realize real-time monitoring of the temperature at each point in the shallow simulation model 102.

[0110] The deep temperature sensor in the temperature monitoring system is embedded in the deep simulation model 104 and connected to the temperature acquisition instrument through the deep temperature acquisition line to realize real-time monitoring of the temperature at each point in the deep simulation model 104.

[0111] A method for simulating production disturbances in deep and shallow geothermal reservoirs, utilizing the aforementioned simulation system, is applicable to both shallow water extraction and deep water injection scenarios, and includes the following steps:

[0112] S1. Construct a simulation experiment system for production disturbances in deep and shallow thermal storage.

[0113] Specifically, taking the working conditions of shallow water extraction and deep water injection as an example, the dimensions of the non-permeable fracture back baffle 5003, the non-permeable fracture front baffle 5004, the non-permeable fracture top baffle 1054, and the non-permeable fracture bottom baffle 1055 are adjusted to create a fracture simulation model 105 with a certain length, height, and width.

[0114] Place the crack simulation model 105 into the intermediate baffle 500, and adjust the distance between the permeable mesh-shaped left baffle 5001 and the permeable mesh-shaped right baffle 5002 in the intermediate baffle 500 to make them tightly press against the crack simulation model 105. Then adjust the non-permeable slider 5006 in the intermediate baffle 500 so that it is within the range of the upper and lower boundaries of the permeable crack 1051.

[0115] Based on the height H2 of the non-permeable slider 5006, two prefabricated interlayer simulation models 103 are made, each with a length of L, a height of H2, and widths of Wa and Wb, respectively.

[0116] Based on the width of the high-pressure sealing shell 101 and the widths Wa and Wb of the two partition simulation models 103, the combination of the intermediate baffle 500 and the crack simulation model 105 is vertically fixed in the high-pressure sealing shell 101.

[0117] Sand is filled into the hollow high-pressure sealed shell 101. After reaching a certain height, a deep heating tube is placed and led out from one side of the high-pressure sealed shell 101 to connect with a deep temperature controller. Sand is filled in again. When another height is reached, a deep temperature sensor is placed and led out from one side of the high-pressure sealed shell 101. It is connected to a temperature acquisition instrument through a deep temperature acquisition line. Sand is filled in again until a certain height is reached. A simulated water intake well 202 is arranged and led out from one side. Sand is filled in again until the lower boundary of the non-permeable slider 5006 is reached. After compaction, a deep simulation model 104 is formed.

[0118] Two prefabricated interlayer simulation models 103, each with a length of L, a height of H2, and widths of Wa and Wb respectively, are placed on the deep simulation model 104, located on either side of the combination of the intermediate baffle 500 and the crack simulation model 105.

[0119] Sand is filled into the high-pressure sealed shell 101 above the partition simulation model 103. After reaching a certain height, a shallow electric heating tube is placed and led out from one side of the high-pressure sealed shell 101 to connect with a shallow temperature controller. Sand is filled in again. When another height is reached, a shallow temperature sensor is placed and led out from one side of the hollow cuboid high-pressure steel body. It is connected to a temperature acquisition instrument through a shallow temperature acquisition line. Sand is filled in again until a certain height is reached. A simulated water injection well 201 is arranged and led out from one side. Sand is filled in again until the upper boundary of the hollow cuboid high-pressure steel body is reached. After compaction, a shallow simulation model 102 is formed.

[0120] Connect the water outlet pipeline, throttling control valve 207, and water collection tank 206.

[0121] Connect the flow meter 205, the water pump 204, the water injection pipeline, and the water supply tank 203.

[0122] The detachable steel cover of the high-pressure sealing housing 101 is connected to the opening of the main body of the high-pressure sealing housing 101 by bolts and tightened to complete the assembly of the entire experimental system.

[0123] S2. Open the water injection control system and the water outlet control system. Use the water injection control system to inject water into the shallow simulation model 102 and the deep simulation model 104 through the simulated water injection well 201 so that the shallow simulation model 102 and the deep simulation model 104 are saturated with water. Then close the water injection control system and the water outlet control system.

[0124] S3. According to the experimental temperature requirements of shallow and deep layers, the shallow heating device 301 and the deep heating device 302 are controlled by the heating control system to heat the shallow simulation model 102 and the deep simulation model 104 to their respective predetermined temperatures.

[0125] The temperature detection system collects temperature values ​​in the shallow simulation model 102 and the deep simulation model 104 through the shallow temperature detection device 401 and the deep temperature detection device 402, respectively.

[0126] S4. Open the water injection control system and the water outlet control system. Use the water injection control system to inject water into the shallow simulation model 102 or the deep simulation model 104 through the simulated water injection well 201 according to the set flow rate. The temperature detection system collects the temperature values ​​in the shallow simulation model 102 and the deep simulation model 104 through the shallow temperature detection device 401 and the deep temperature detection device 402, respectively.

[0127] S5. Turn off the water injection control system and the water outlet control system to complete the experiment.

[0128] S6. Repeat step S3 to heat the shallow simulation model 102 and the deep simulation model 104 to the predetermined values.

[0129] S7. Change the flow rate of the water injection control system, repeat steps S4 and S5, complete the experiment with different flow rates, and obtain the variation law of the produced water temperature and the reservoir temperature under the same initial reservoir temperature and different water injection volumes.

[0130] S8. Change the predetermined temperature in step S3, repeat steps S3 to S7, complete the experiment at different temperatures, and obtain the variation law of produced water temperature and reservoir temperature under different initial reservoir temperatures.

[0131] S9. By individually changing one parameter—either the height, width, or length of the permeable fracture 1051, or the position of the simulated injection wellbore 201, or the position of the simulated production wellbore 202—and repeating steps S1 to S8, the variation patterns of produced water temperature and reservoir temperature under different permeable fracture heights, widths, lengths, injection wellbore positions, or production wellbore positions can be determined. Specifically, the position of the simulated injection wellbore 201 or production wellbore 202 represents the relative positional relationship between the simulated injection wellbore 201 or production wellbore 202 and the permeable fracture 1051.

[0132] The method for simulating interference in deep and shallow thermal storage production further includes step S10, changing the permeable material composition of shallow simulation model 102 and deep simulation model 104, and repeating steps S1-S9 to complete the simulation experiment of interference in deep and shallow thermal storage production under different permeability conditions.

[0133] Example 2

[0134] like Figure 6 As shown, the difference from Embodiment 1 is that the simulated water injection well 201 and the simulated water intake well 202 are located on the same side of the fracture simulation model 105.

[0135] Alternatively, the crack simulation model 105 can also be installed at an angle inside the high-pressure sealing housing 101.

Claims

1. A simulation experimental system for production disturbances in deep and shallow thermal reservoirs, characterized in that: This includes a reservoir simulation system, an injection and production system, a heating system, and a temperature monitoring system; The reservoir simulation system includes a high-pressure sealed shell (101), a shallow simulation model (102), a layer simulation model (103), and a deep simulation model (104) arranged sequentially from top to bottom within the high-pressure sealed shell (101), and a fracture simulation model (105) arranged vertically within the high-pressure sealed shell (101). The fracture simulation model (105) includes permeable fractures (1051) whose upper and lower ends are respectively connected to the shallow simulation model (102) and the deep simulation model (104). Both the shallow simulation model (102) and the deep simulation model (104) are made of permeable materials. The layer simulation model (103) is isolated from the shallow layer simulation model (102), the deep layer simulation model (104), and the crack simulation model (105), respectively; The injection and production system includes a simulated injection wellbore (201), a simulated production wellbore (202), an injection control system connected to the simulated injection wellbore (201), and a production control system connected to the simulated production wellbore (202). The simulated water injection well (201) is located in the shallow simulation model (102), and the simulated water intake well (202) is located in the deep simulation model (104); Alternatively, the simulated water injection wellbore (201) may be located in the deep simulation model (104), and the simulated water intake wellbore (202) may be located in the shallow simulation model (102). The heating system includes a shallow heating device (301) installed in a shallow simulation model (102), a deep heating device (302) installed in a deep simulation model (104), and a heating control system electrically connected to the shallow heating device (301) and the deep heating device (302) respectively. The temperature detection system includes a shallow temperature detection device (401) installed in the shallow simulation model (102), a deep temperature detection device (402) installed in the deep simulation model (104), and a temperature detection system connected to the shallow temperature detection device (401) and the deep temperature detection device (402) respectively. It also includes an intermediate baffle (500) vertically disposed within the high-pressure sealing housing (101), and the crack simulation model (105) is located within the intermediate baffle (500); The intermediate baffle (500) includes a shallow permeation chamber (501), a non-permeation chamber (502), and a deep permeation chamber (503) connected sequentially from top to bottom; A permeable mesh baffle (600) is provided between the shallow permeation cavity (501) and the shallow simulation model (102) and between the deep permeation cavity (503) and the deep simulation model (104); The non-permeable cavity (502) corresponds to the partition simulation model (103), and a non-permeable baffle (700) is provided between the non-permeable cavity (502) and the partition simulation model (103); The crack simulation model (105) also includes a non-permeable crack left baffle (1052), a non-permeable crack right baffle (1053), a non-permeable crack top baffle (1054), and a non-permeable crack bottom baffle (1055); The non-permeable fracture top baffle (1054) and the non-permeable fracture bottom baffle (1055) are arranged at intervals, and the non-permeable fracture left baffle (1052) and the non-permeable fracture right baffle (1053) are arranged at intervals. The non-permeable fracture left baffle (1052), non-permeable fracture right baffle (1053), non-permeable fracture top baffle (1054) and non-permeable fracture bottom baffle (1055) are spliced ​​together to form a permeable fracture (1051); The water injection control system includes a water supply tank (203), a water injection pump (204), and a flow meter (205); The water outlet control system includes a water collection tank (206) and a throttling control valve (207); The water injection pump (204) and flow meter (205) are installed between the water supply tank (203) and the simulated water injection well (201), and the water supply tank (203), the water injection pump (204) and the simulated water injection well (201) are connected by a pipeline; The throttling control valve (207) is located between the water collection tank (206) and the simulated water intake well (202), and the water collection tank (206) and the simulated water intake well (202) are connected by a pipeline.

2. The deep and shallow thermal reservoir production disturbance simulation experimental system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shallow simulation model (102) and the deep simulation model (104) are respectively filled with sand particles; The partition simulation model (103) is filled with a non-permeable material.

3. The deep and shallow thermal reservoir production disturbance simulation experimental system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The simulated water injection well (201) and the simulated water intake well (202) are located on the same side of the fracture simulation model (105); Alternatively, the simulated water injection wellbore (201) and the simulated water intake wellbore (202) are located on both sides of the fracture simulation model (105).

4. The deep and shallow thermal reservoir production disturbance simulation experimental system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shallow heating device (301) and the deep heating device (302) are horizontally coiled electric heating pipelines.

5. The deep and shallow thermal reservoir production disturbance simulation experimental system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shallow temperature detection device (401) and the deep temperature detection device (402) are temperature sensors connected in series on the temperature acquisition line, and the temperature sensors are spaced apart from each other.

6. A method for simulating production disturbances in deep and shallow thermal reservoirs, characterized in that, The deep and shallow geothermal reservoir production disturbance simulation experimental system described in claim 1 is applicable to both shallow water extraction and deep water injection conditions, and includes the following steps: S1. Construct a simulation experimental system for production disturbances in deep and shallow thermal storage; S2. Open the water injection control system and the water outlet control system. Use the water injection control system to inject water into the shallow simulation model (102) and the deep simulation model (104) through the simulated water injection well (201) so that the shallow simulation model (102) and the deep simulation model (104) are saturated with water. Then close the water injection control system and the water outlet control system. S3. According to the experimental temperature requirements of shallow and deep layers, the shallow heating device (301) and the deep heating device (302) are controlled by the heating control system to heat the shallow simulation model (102) and the deep simulation model (104) to their respective predetermined temperatures. The temperature detection system collects temperature values ​​in the shallow simulation model (102) and the deep simulation model (104) through the shallow temperature detection device (401) and the deep temperature detection device (402), respectively; S4. Open the water injection control system and the water outlet control system. Use the water injection control system to inject water into the shallow simulation model (102) or the deep simulation model (104) according to the set flow rate through the simulated water injection well (201). The temperature detection system collects the temperature values ​​in the shallow simulation model (102) and the deep simulation model (104) through the shallow temperature detection device (401) and the deep temperature detection device (402) respectively. S5. Turn off the water injection control system and the water outlet control system to complete the experiment; S6. Repeat step S3 to heat the temperature of the shallow simulation model (102) and the deep simulation model (104) to the predetermined value. S7. Change the flow rate of water injected by the water injection control system, repeat steps S4 and S5, complete the experiment with different flow rates, and obtain the variation law of produced water temperature and reservoir temperature under the same initial reservoir temperature and different water injection volumes. S8. Change the predetermined temperature in step S3, repeat steps S3 to S7, complete the experiment at different temperatures, and obtain the variation law of produced water temperature and reservoir temperature under different initial reservoir temperatures. S9. Each time, change one parameter individually, such as the height, width, length, position of the simulated injection well (201), or position of the simulated production well (202), and repeat steps S1 to S8. This will allow you to determine the variation patterns of produced water temperature and reservoir temperature under different permeable fracture heights, widths, lengths, injection well positions, or production well positions.

7. The experimental method for simulating production disturbances in deep and shallow thermal reservoirs according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes step S10, changing the permeable material composition of the shallow simulation model (102) and the deep simulation model (104), repeating steps S1-S9, and completing the simulation experiment of deep and shallow thermal storage production interference under different permeability conditions.

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