Earth and rockfill dam deformation safety monitoring visualization system

Abstract

The invention relates to an earth and rockfill dam deformation safety monitoring visualization system. The system comprises a three-dimensional scene information platform, a data preprocessing module, a deformation data modeling analysis module and a dam body deformation forecasting and early warning module. The three-dimensional scene information platform establishes a three-dimensional scene model of a project through an unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography modeling technology, and provides a platform for other function module operation and analysis result display; the data preprocessing module is used for extracting effective information in earth and rockfill dam deformation monitoring data; the deformation data modeling analysis module is used for sequentially establishing point, line, surface and body monitoring models of measuring points by using a statistical model space modeling method; and the dam body deformation forecasting and early warning module is used for forecasting and early warning the deformation state of the dam and judging the operation safety state of the dam body based on the actually measured deformation value. According to the method, the three-dimensional scene information platform of the earth and rockfill dam is established, so that the visual feeling of a user on a project is improved, the dam deformation data is processed and analyzed on the basis, and a multi-level monitoring model is established to represent the overall deformation characteristics of the dam body, so that the operation state of the earth and rockfill dam is accurately monitored.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of dam safety monitoring, and in particular to a visualization system for safety monitoring of earth-rock dam deformation. Background Art

[0002] Earth-rock dams are the most widely used type of dam due to their strong adaptability to foundation deformation, easy availability of materials, and low cost. Fully and effectively monitoring the structural properties of earth-rock dams and timely discovering the engineering hazards of earth-rock dams are of great significance for ensuring the long-term operation safety of the project.

[0003] Deformation is an important indicator reflecting the structural state of earth-rock dams. The safety monitoring of earth-rock dams often requires setting deformation measurement points at multiple locations such as the dam body, foundation, and bank slope, and continuously monitoring the deformation of the dam body through an automated monitoring system. For example, the invention patent CN109029337A proposes a monitoring system and method for the deformation of the earth-rock dam's impermeable body; the invention patent CN209460413U proposes a method and system for monitoring the displacement of the entire cross-section of an earth-rock dam. With the development of computer technology, it is now common to process massive amounts of monitoring data through monitoring systems, then display deformation data in the form of process lines, and establish monitoring models to forecast and warn the dam body monitoring data. For example, the invention patent CN112419690A manages, analyzes, evaluates, forecasts, and warns dam monitoring data, and displays the dam and analysis results. However, there are still two deficiencies: in terms of data display, since the existing monitoring system cannot display the true image of the dam and the specific monitoring locations, users have only a vague understanding of the deformation properties of the earth-rock dam and cannot feel the true deformation law of the dam body through the measured values; in terms of model representation, modeling is performed on single measuring point data, such as single measuring point statistical models, deterministic models, and hybrid models. These models fail to consider the earth-rock dam as an integral structure, ignore the correlation between measuring points, and cannot reflect the overall deformation characteristics of the earth-rock dam.

[0004] At present, the UAV oblique photography modeling technology has been successfully applied in large-scale scene modeling such as urban planning and infrastructure construction. The established three-dimensional scene model has extremely high authenticity and immersion, and is an effective way to improve the intuitiveness of the earth-rock dam monitoring system. For the monitoring model that integrates multi-point information, there are currently some modeling methods that introduce the coordinates of the measuring point position, such as line models and surface models. Considering that the earth-rock dam is a spatial geometric body, this idea can be referred to and a volume monitoring model with three-dimensional spatial characteristics can be introduced to improve the multi-level representation capability of the overall deformation characteristics of the earth-rock dam.

[0005] Aiming at the problem that the existing deformation monitoring system of earth-rock dam lacks effective modeling of actual engineering scenes and the monitoring model representation ability is insufficient, a deformation monitoring visualization system of earth-rock dam is proposed, which combines UAV oblique photography modeling and field analysis model. Based on the real three-dimensional scene of earth-rock dam engineering, the deformation monitoring data is managed and analyzed, and the deformation behavior of earth-rock dam is effectively represented by constructing a multi-level monitoring model. Summary of the invention

[0006] The main purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a deformation monitoring visualization system for earth-rock dams. By establishing a high-precision three-dimensional real-scene model, the engineering scene is intuitively displayed, and this is used as a platform for data processing, model construction and result display. By constructing a multi-level monitoring model for the deformation of earth-rock dams, the overall deformation state of the dam body is effectively characterized and warned.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] A deformation monitoring visualization system for earth-rock dams comprises a three-dimensional scene information platform, a data processing module, a deformation data modeling and analysis module, and a deformation prediction and early warning module.

[0009] The three-dimensional scene information platform is based on the actual earth-rock dam and reservoir operation scenes, and serves as a platform for displaying the operation and analysis results of other functional modules. Users query and analyze the deformation monitoring data of the earth-rock dam through the three-dimensional scene information platform.

[0010] The three-dimensional scene information platform is based on UAV oblique photography modeling and uses the OpenGL rendering engine to simulate various environmental effects of engineering scenes to improve the realism of the model.

[0011] The data processing module is used to extract effective information from the deformation monitoring data of the earth-rock dam, mainly including the removal of abnormal values ​​and interpolation of missing values ​​of the monitoring data. The processed deformation monitoring data is stored in the effective deformation database.

[0012] The deformation data modeling and analysis module carries out multi-level modeling of earth-rock dam deformation based on the measured deformation of the measuring points, and establishes point, line, surface and volume monitoring models of earth-rock dam deformation.

[0013] The dam deformation prediction and early warning module solves the forecast value and early warning index of earth-rock dam deformation based on the measured environmental quantity data through the deformation monitoring model, and judges the safety state of dam operation based on the measured deformation data.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this patent are:

[0015] (1) This system can efficiently manage the massive monitoring data of earth-rock dam deformation. By establishing a point-line-surface-volume multi-level monitoring model of measured data, it can effectively characterize the overall deformation characteristics of the earth-rock dam body and better realize the prediction and early warning of earth-rock dam body deformation.

[0016] (2) This system uses oblique photography modeling technology and real-time rendering technology to build a three-dimensional scene platform for earth-rock dam projects. The various scenes are highly realistic and rely on the scene model to intuitively display information such as measurement point locations, measured data, and analysis results, which helps users quickly establish an accurate understanding of the deformation properties of the project. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a system module architecture diagram of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of modeling of a three-dimensional scene information platform of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 It is a data preprocessing module workflow diagram of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 It is a workflow diagram of the deformation data modeling and analysis module of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a workflow diagram of the dam deformation prediction and early warning module of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 It is a grayscale image of the three-dimensional scene effect of the earth-rock dam of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 It is a grayscale image of the deformation prediction and early warning result of the earth-rock dam of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The specific implementation of the patent of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The protection scope of the patent of the present invention is not limited to the description of this implementation.

[0025] The module architecture of this system is as follows Figure 1 As shown in the figure, it includes a 3D scene information platform, a data preprocessing module, a deformation data modeling and analysis module, and a dam deformation forecasting and early warning module, and is connected to the deformation monitoring system to obtain real-time deformation monitoring data. The deformation monitoring visualization system takes the 3D scene information platform as the core, integrates other modules to process and model the dam deformation monitoring data, and intuitively displays the dam deformation monitoring point information, deformation measured values, and analysis and processing results.

[0026] The 3D scene information platform is the carrier for realizing the functions of other modules. It is based on the real dam and reservoir operation scenes to display the analysis results of each module. The platform is based on OpenGL drawing engine and database technology and is written in C++ language. The 3D scene model is built using oblique photography modeling technology to highly restore the real scene. Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the establishment of the three-dimensional scene model of earth-rock dam engineering includes the following steps:

[0027] (1) Use a five-lens drone to take oblique photos of the relevant engineering area. Use the supporting flight control software to set the shooting range of the engineering scene, the drone flight path, altitude and speed, and the photo shooting interval.

[0028] (2) Check the quality parameters of the engineering scene photos, such as clarity, exposure, and overlap rate, import the photos and their attitude metadata into the oblique photography modeling software, perform aerial triangulation calculations, and obtain the model connection points.

[0029] (3) Define the scope of 3D modeling, reconstruct the engineering 3D scene model, export the 3D mesh and texture map of the scene, and modify modeling defects.

[0030] (4) Based on the 3D mesh model, the OpenGL programmable rendering pipeline is used to render the real water surface, environment, lighting, shadow and other effects of the engineering scene.

[0031] The data preprocessing module is used to improve the integrity of deformation monitoring data and extract effective information, such as Figure 3 , including the missing value interpolation of monitoring data and the denoising of monitoring data. First, the data is filtered and denoised by wavelet packet transform method, and then the missing values ​​of the data sequence are supplemented by spline interpolation.

[0032] The deformation data modeling and analysis module is used to establish monitoring models at different levels of deformation measurement points, such as Figure 4 As shown in the figure, a point monitoring model is established for a single measuring point using the statistical model method; a line monitoring and surface monitoring model is established for measuring points at the same elevation or belonging to the same dam section; and a volume monitoring model is established for all measuring points.

[0033] The dam deformation prediction and early warning module is used to predict the future deformation of the dam and define the safe deformation range, such as Figure 5 As shown in the figure, based on the measured environmental quantities, such as water level and temperature information, they are substituted into monitoring models at different levels to solve the corresponding dam deformation. The 3σ rule is used to solve the confidence interval of the deformation, and the safety status of the dam operation is determined based on the measured deformation value.

[0034] Embodiment 1

[0035] This embodiment provides a deformation monitoring visualization system for an earth-rock dam project, including a three-dimensional scene information platform, a data preprocessing module, a deformation data modeling and analysis module, and a dam deformation prediction and early warning module.

[0036] The three-dimensional scene model of the earth-rock dam is established through the UAV oblique photography modeling technology. The UAV is equipped with five sets of lenses for positive photography and oblique photography in four directions. The UAV photography range is 1km upstream and downstream of the dam site and 0.5km on the left and right banks. The terrain and landforms within this range are photographed. The UAV flies at an altitude of 400m, a speed of 15m / s, and a shooting speed of 1 picture / s. The structure of the earth-rock dam is relatively complex, so the UAV takes close-up flight photography at an altitude of 150m, a speed of 5m / s, and a shooting speed of 2 pictures / s. The UAV flies along a grid route, and the grid spacing is controlled by the overlapping rate of adjacent photos of not less than 50%. Based on the real-scene photo materials of the project, a three-dimensional scene model of the earth-rock dam is established.

[0037] like Figure 6 The following is a rendering of the three-dimensional scene of this system. The three-dimensional scene information platform can visually display the structure of the earth-rock dam, spillways, upstream and downstream rivers, mountains, etc. It can adjust the time, season, and weather to obtain rich scene effects, and can obtain real-time weather information at the project site to render the weather effects of the project site. The information platform supports arbitrary dragging, scaling, and roaming of the three-dimensional scene, with a high sense of reality. The three-dimensional scene information platform is connected to the dam automation monitoring system to obtain real-time monitoring data such as project environmental quantities (upstream water level, air temperature), dam deformation, and dam temperature. Figure 7 As shown, the system can display information such as measuring point location, measuring point status and measurement process line, and realize data preprocessing, data modeling, forecasting and early warning functions through different modules.

[0038] The processing flow of the data preprocessing module is as follows:

[0039] (1) Deformation monitoring data denoising: The measured data is decomposed into multiple scales by wavelet packet transform, and the noise components at each scale are eliminated by setting soft and hard thresholds. Then, the denoised deformation monitoring data is obtained by data reconstruction.

[0040] (2) Interpolation of missing values ​​of deformation monitoring data: The gross errors in the monitoring data are eliminated, and the missing data are interpolated using cubic spline curves.

[0041] (3) Save the processed data in the monitoring system database.

[0042] The deformation data modeling and analysis module includes the following steps:

[0043] (1) Single-point monitoring model

[0044] For each deformation measuring point, water pressure, temperature, and time-dependent components are proposed to establish a single-measurement-point statistical model expression for dam deformation:

[0045]

[0046] In the formula, a i 、b jk , c1, c2 are factor coefficients, H is the water depth in front of the dam, t is the cumulative number of days from the measurement day to the start of measurement, and θ is time.

[0047] (2) Line Monitoring Model

[0048] Taking a group of measuring points located on the same axis as an example, considering the transverse river coordinate x of the measuring point, the water pressure, temperature and time-dependent components of the deformation are proposed, and the dam deformation monitoring line model is established. The expression is:

[0049]

[0050] In the formula, A km , B jkm , C 1m , C 2m is the factor coefficient.

[0051] (3) Surface monitoring model:

[0052] The measuring points are classified according to the dam section or layout elevation where they are located. For example, considering the river coordinate y and elevation z of the measuring points in the same dam section, the corresponding water pressure, temperature, and time-effect components are formulated to establish the dam deformation monitoring surface model. The expression is:

[0053]

[0054] In the formula, A klm , B jklim , C 1lm , C 2lm is the factor coefficient.

[0055] Or for a group of deformation measuring points with the same elevation, establish a dam deformation monitoring surface model, the expression is:

[0056]

[0057] In the formula, A klm , B jklm , C 1lm , C 2lm is the factor coefficient.

[0058] (4) Body monitoring model:

[0059] Considering the cross-river coordinate x, downstream coordinate y and elevation z of the measuring point, the corresponding water pressure, temperature and time-dependent components are formulated, and the volume monitoring model of the entire deformation measuring point of the dam body is established. The expression is:

[0060]

[0061] In the formula, A klm , B jklmn , C 1lmn , C 2lmn is the factor coefficient.

[0062] The stepwise regression algorithm is used to solve the factors of the above model and obtain the point-line-surface-body model for deformation monitoring of earth-rock dam.

[0063] The workflow of the dam deformation prediction and warning module is as follows:

[0064] (1) Deformation prediction: Substitute the water level data and measuring point coordinates in front of the dam into the established monitoring model to calculate the predicted value of the deformation of the dam body measuring point.

[0065] (2) Deformation warning: Calculate the standard deviation σ of the error sequence between the measured and predicted values ​​of deformation data, and use the current predicted value δ±3σ as the confidence interval of the deformation safety value. The corresponding confidence level is 99.74%. If the measured deformation is within the confidence interval, it indicates that the deformation behavior of the dam body is normal; if the measured deformation exceeds the confidence interval, it indicates that the deformation of the dam body is abnormal.

[0066] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A deformation monitoring visualization system for earth-rock dams, characterized in that: It includes a three-dimensional scene information platform, a data preprocessing module, a deformation data modeling and analysis module, and a dam deformation prediction and early warning module.

2. The earth-rock dam deformation monitoring visualization system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The three-dimensional scene information platform is based on the real earth-rock dam and reservoir operation scenes, and provides a platform for displaying the operation and analysis results of other functional modules. Users can query and analyze the deformation monitoring information of the earth-rock dam through the platform.

3. The earth-rock dam deformation monitoring visualization system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The three-dimensional scene information platform adopts the UAV oblique photography modeling technology to establish the three-dimensional scene model of the project, and uses OpenGL to render various environmental effects of the project scene to enhance the realism of the model.

4. The earth-rock dam deformation monitoring visualization system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The data preprocessing module is used to extract effective information from the deformation monitoring data of earth-rock dams, mainly including missing value interpolation of monitoring data and denoising of monitoring data. The processed monitoring data is stored in an effective database.

5. The earth-rock dam deformation monitoring visualization system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The deformation data modeling and analysis module considers the spatial position coordinates of the measuring points and uses the statistical model space modeling method to sequentially establish point monitoring, line monitoring, surface monitoring and volume monitoring models of the measuring points.

6. The earth-rock dam deformation monitoring visualization system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The dam deformation prediction and early warning module calculates the prediction value and early warning index of earth-rock dam deformation through a monitoring model based on the measured environmental quantity data, and determines the dam body operation safety state based on the measured deformation value.

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