Guide bolt guide effect detection device and detection method

Abstract

The invention discloses a guide effect detection device and method for a guide bolt, and the device comprises a rack, a fixed tool, a bottom plate, a swing rod, a counterweight rod, an angle sensor, a torque sensor, and a control module, and the fixed tool is provided with a nut matched with a to-be-detected guide bolt. The base plate is movable and provided with a rotary damping shaft, the swing rod is connected with the pneumatic tightening gun through the lifting mechanism, the balance weight lever is used for enabling the swing rod to incline to tighten a bolt, the angle sensor and the torque sensor monitor the angle and tightening torque of the swing rod respectively, and the control module receives and processes data and controls the pneumatic tightening gun. The device can simulate the actual installation environment and effectively detect the correction condition of the bolt.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of bolt detection, and in particular to a device and method for detecting the guiding effect of a guiding bolt. Background Art

[0002] With the development of industrial manufacturing technology, bolt connection, as an extremely common connection method, has been widely used in many fields such as automobile manufacturing and mechanical equipment installation. In order to ensure the reliability and stability of the connection structure, the correct installation of bolts is crucial. However, in the actual operation process, due to the influence of various factors such as operator skill differences, tool accuracy, working environment, etc., the bolts may be deflected or misaligned. These problems will not only reduce the reliability of the connection structure, but may also cause unstable operation or even failure of the equipment.

[0003] At present, there are some tools on the market for detecting the quality of bolt installation, such as torque wrenches, angle measuring instruments, etc., but these tools can often only detect the final tightening torque, and cannot directly evaluate the guiding effect of the bolt during the installation process. For example, the torque wrench is mainly used to check whether the bolt has reached the preset tightening torque, but it cannot ensure whether the bolt maintains the correct direction during the tightening process, causing the front end of the bolt thread to slip during the tightening process. In severe cases, the assembly needs to be disassembled, resulting in the shutdown of the production line. In addition, the existing detection methods are usually more complicated and difficult to achieve automated detection, resulting in low detection efficiency and increased labor costs.

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the developed and designed guide bolts urgently need a device that can monitor the guiding effect during the bolt installation process in real time and realize automatic detection, so as to ensure the effectiveness of the guiding of the manufactured thread guide bolts, improve the accuracy and efficiency of bolt installation, reduce labor costs, and improve the reliability and stability of the connection structure. Summary of the invention

[0005] One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a guiding effect detection device for a guiding bolt, which can effectively detect the guiding condition of the bolt.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a guide bolt guide effect detection device, comprising:

[0007] A frame, wherein the frame has a work surface;

[0008] A fixed tool is arranged on the work surface, and a nut matching the pilot bolt to be measured is installed on the fixed tool;

[0009] A bottom plate is movably arranged on the work surface, and a rotary damping shaft is rotatably mounted on the bottom plate, and the rotary damping shaft is horizontally and longitudinally distributed;

[0010] A swing rod, the lower part of which is fixed to the rotary damping shaft, and the upper part of which is connected to a pneumatic tightening gun via a lifting mechanism;

[0011] A counterweight rod is connected to the lower end of the swing rod, and a counterweight piece is connected to the counterweight rod, which is used to make the swing rod swing at a certain angle, so that the guide bolt to be measured can be screwed at an angle;

[0012] An angle sensor, disposed on the swing rod, for detecting a swing angle of the swing rod;

[0013] A torque sensor is provided on the pneumatic tightening gun and is used to detect the output torque of the pneumatic tightening gun;

[0014] The control module is electrically connected to the angle sensor, the torque sensor and the pneumatic tightening gun, and is used for receiving and processing sensor data and controlling the action of the pneumatic tightening gun.

[0015] Preferably, it also includes a slide rail, which is arranged on the work surface, and the bottom plate is slidably connected to the slide rail via a slider.

[0016] Preferably, the lifting mechanism comprises a lifting cylinder and a mounting plate, the lifting cylinder is fixed on the swing rod, the mounting plate is connected to the piston rod of the lifting cylinder, and the pneumatic tightening gun is connected to the swing rod via a connecting clamp.

[0017] Preferably, a hanging plate is fixed to the lower end of the counterweight rod, a plurality of hanging holes are equidistantly spaced apart on the hanging plate, and the counterweight is hung on the hanging holes by means of hooks.

[0018] Preferably, the fixing tool comprises a flat-nose pliers, the flat-nose pliers are fixed on the work surface, and the flat-nose pliers have a positioning groove for installing a nut.

[0019] Preferably, a flip plate is fixed at the bottom of the slide rail, and the flip plate and the work table are provided with an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the front and rear pitch angles of the flip plate, the adjustment mechanism includes a servo motor, a flip shaft and two bearing seats, the two bearing seats are fixed on the work table with left and right intervals, the flip shaft is rotatably connected between the two bearing seats, the servo motor is fixed on the work table, and the output shaft of the servo motor is coaxially fixed with the flip shaft, and the flip plate is fixed on the flip shaft.

[0020] Preferably, it also includes an automatic compensation mechanism, which includes a force sensor, a magnetorheological damper and a microprocessor. The force sensor is arranged between the pneumatic tightening gun and the mounting plate, and is used to detect the axial force during the tightening process. The magnetorheological damper is installed on the rotary damping shaft, and is used to dynamically adjust the damping force of the swing arm. The microprocessor is electrically connected to the force sensor and the magnetorheological damper, and is used to adjust the damping force in real time according to the detected axial force to compensate for the deviation during the tightening process.

[0021] Preferably, the counterweight rod can be connected to the lower end of the swing rod by a counterweight adjustment mechanism and can be moved left and right. The counterweight adjustment mechanism includes a driving plate, a driving motor, an adjusting rod, a fan gear and a rack. The counterweight rod includes a vertical rod and a cross rod. The vertical rod is fixed to the lower end of the swing rod, and the cross rod is fixed to the lower end of the vertical rod. The driving plate can be rotatably arranged on the vertical rod, and the driving motor is also fixed on the vertical rod and is used to drive the driving plate to rotate. An eccentric shaft is also arranged on the driving plate, and the adjusting rod can be rotatably connected to the vertical rod, and one end of the adjusting rod is movably connected to the eccentric shaft through a slide groove, and the other end of the adjusting rod is fixed to the fan gear, and the fan gear is meshed with the rack. The rack can be horizontally movably arranged on the cross rod, and the counterweight is connected to the rack.

[0022] The second object of the present invention is to provide a detection method of a guide bolt guide effect detection device, comprising the following steps:

[0023] S1: Preparation steps: install the pilot bolt to be tested on the pneumatic tightening gun, adjust the position of the base plate on the work surface, align the pneumatic tightening gun with the pilot bolt installed with the nut on the fixed fixture, and set the initial inclination angle of the swing arm by adjusting the counterweight on the counterweight rod;

[0024] S2: Parameter setting step: setting the working parameters of the pneumatic tightening gun in the control module, including the rotation speed and target torque, and setting the sampling frequency of the angle sensor and the torque sensor;

[0025] S3: initial position recording step: using an angle sensor to record the initial angle of the swing rod;

[0026] S4: Tightening step: Start the pneumatic tightening gun through the control module, start to tighten the guide bolt into the nut on the fixed tooling, and monitor and record the angle change of the swing arm and the output torque of the pneumatic tightening gun in real time;

[0027] S5: Data collection step: continuously record the angle and torque data during the entire tightening process, and record the final angle and torque values ​​when tightening is completed;

[0028] S6: multi-angle test step: adjust the position of the counterweight on the counterweight rod, change the initial angle of the swing rod, repeat steps S3-S5, and perform tests at different initial angles;

[0029] S7: Data analysis steps: analyze the angle change curve to evaluate the guiding ability of the guide bolt, analyze the torque curve to evaluate the smoothness of the tightening process, compare the test results at different initial angles, and evaluate the performance of the guide bolt at various angles.

[0030] Preferably, the S7 data analysis step comprises:

[0031] S7.1: Analyze the angle change curve and evaluate the guiding ability of the guiding bolt, including:

[0032] a) Extract angle-time curve and identify key feature points;

[0033] b) Calculate the initial deviation, that is, the difference between the starting angle and the ideal centering angle;

[0034] c) Calculate the angle convergence time, that is, the time required for the angle to reach a stable state from the initial deviation;

[0035] d) Analyze the fluctuation of the curve in the stable stage and calculate the fluctuation amplitude and frequency;

[0036] e) Calculate the final deviation, i.e. the difference between the angle at the end of tightening and the ideal centering angle;

[0037] f) Quantitatively evaluate the guiding ability of the guiding bolts according to the preset evaluation criteria, including the convergence time threshold, the fluctuation amplitude threshold in the stable stage and the final deviation threshold;

[0038] S7.2: Analyze the torque curve to evaluate the smoothness of the tightening process, including:

[0039] a) Extract the torque-time curve and identify key feature points;

[0040] b) Analyze the rising characteristics of torque from zero to target value, and calculate the rising time and slope;

[0041] c) Calculate the fluctuation amplitude and frequency of torque during tightening;

[0042] d) Analyze the stability after reaching the target torque and calculate the duration of the stable phase;

[0043] e) Record the torque value at the end of tightening and calculate the error with the target torque;

[0044] f) quantitatively evaluate the stability of the tightening process according to preset evaluation criteria, including torque fluctuation amplitude threshold, stable phase duration threshold and final torque error threshold;

[0045] S7.3: Compare the test results at different initial angles and evaluate the performance of the pilot bolt at each angle, including:

[0046] a) Conduct statistical analysis on the evaluation results of the guiding ability and tightening stability at different initial angles;

[0047] b) Calculate the mean and standard deviation of each indicator at different angles;

[0048] c) Use the variance analysis method to evaluate the sensitivity of the pilot bolt performance to the initial angle;

[0049] d) Determine the initial angle range for the best and worst performance of the pilot bolt;

[0050] e) Generate a performance-angle relationship diagram to intuitively display the performance changes of the guide bolt at different angles;

[0051] S7.4: Comprehensive score, including:

[0052] a) Design a comprehensive scoring system based on the above analysis results, assigning weights to the three aspects of guiding ability, tightening stability and angle adaptability;

[0053] b) Calculate the comprehensive performance score of the pilot bolt;

[0054] c) The overall performance of the pilot bolts is graded based on the scores.

[0055] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows: the device provides a stable test platform through a frame and fixed tooling to ensure the consistency of the test environment; the movable design on the base plate increases the flexibility of the device and adapts to the testing of bolts of different sizes and positions; the swing arm is connected to the base plate through a rotary damping shaft to achieve a controllable tilt angle, simulating the bolt deflection that may occur in actual operation; the setting of the counterweight rod and the counterweight member allows the operator to accurately adjust the tilt angle of the swing arm, further enhancing the diversity and accuracy of the test; the angle sensor monitors the angle of the swing arm in real time, providing key data for evaluating the guiding effect of the bolt; the pneumatic tightening As an execution unit, the gun not only simulates the actual bolt installation process, but also provides accurate measurement of the tightening torque through the torque sensor; the control module, as the control center of the entire system, collects and processes data from various sensors, and controls the operation of the pneumatic tightening gun according to the preset algorithm, realizing the automation and intelligence of the entire test process; this design can not only comprehensively evaluate the guiding performance of the bolt, but also identify potential problems in the bolt design or manufacturing process by analyzing the performance under different angles and counterweight conditions. The entire device is easy to operate and has a high degree of automation, which greatly improves the test efficiency, reduces human errors, and reduces labor costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art are briefly introduced below. It is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0057] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the adjustment mechanism in the present invention;

[0059] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the counterweight adjustment mechanism in the present invention;

[0060] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the fixing tool in the present invention;

[0061] Figure 5 This is a principle block diagram of the cooperation between the angle sensor, torque sensor, pneumatic tightening gun and control module in the present invention;

[0062] Figure 6 It is a principle block diagram of the automatic compensation mechanism in the present invention;

[0063] In the figure, 1, frame; 2, work surface; 3, fixed tooling; 4, nut; 5, bottom plate; 6, rotary damping shaft; 7, swing rod; 8, lifting mechanism; 9, pneumatic tightening gun; 10, counterweight rod; 11, counterweight piece; 12, angle sensor; 13, torque sensor; 14, control module; 15, slide rail; 16, slider; 17, lifting cylinder; 18, mounting plate; 19, piston rod; 20, connecting clamp seat; 21, hanging plate; 22, hanging hole ; 23. Hook; 24. Flat-nose pliers; 25. Positioning slot; 26. Flip plate; 27. Adjustment mechanism; 28. Servo motor; 29. ​​Flip shaft; 30. Bearing seat; 31. Force sensor; 32. Magnetorheological damper; 33. Microprocessor; 34. Counterweight adjustment mechanism; 35. Drive disk; 36. Drive motor; 37. Adjustment rod; 38. Fan gear; 39. Rack; 40. Vertical rod; 41. Cross rod; 42. Eccentric shaft; 43. Slide groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0065] Embodiment 1: As shown in the figure, a guide bolt guide effect detection device includes:

[0066] A frame 1, wherein the frame 1 has a work surface 2;

[0067] A fixed tool 3 is arranged on the work surface 2, and a nut 4 matching the pilot bolt to be measured is installed on the fixed tool 3;

[0068] A bottom plate 5 is movably arranged on the work surface 2, and a rotary damping shaft 6 is rotatably mounted on the bottom plate 5, and the rotary damping shaft 6 is horizontally and longitudinally distributed;

[0069] A swing rod 7, the lower part of which is fixed to the rotary damping shaft 6, and the upper part of which is connected to a pneumatic tightening gun 9 via a lifting mechanism 8;

[0070] The counterweight rod 10 is connected to the lower end of the swing rod 7. The counterweight member 11 is connected to the counterweight rod 10 and is used to make the swing rod 7 swing at a certain angle so that the guide bolt to be measured can be screwed obliquely.

[0071] An angle sensor 12, arranged on the swing rod 7, for detecting the swing angle of the swing rod 7;

[0072] The torque sensor 13 is arranged on the pneumatic tightening gun 9 and is used to detect the output torque of the pneumatic tightening gun 9;

[0073] The control module 14 is electrically connected to the angle sensor 12 , the torque sensor 13 and the pneumatic tightening gun 9 , and is used for receiving and processing sensor data and controlling the action of the pneumatic tightening gun 9 .

[0074] Embodiment 2: As shown in the figure, the difference from Embodiment 1 is that it further includes a slide rail 15 , which is arranged on the work surface 2 , and the bottom plate 5 is slidably connected to the slide rail 15 via a slider 16 .

[0075] In the above structure, the slide rail 15 is arranged on the work surface 2, and the base plate 5 is slidably connected to the slide rail 15 through the slider 16. This design solves the problem of accurate positioning and movement of the test device. First, the slide rail 15 structure provides a stable guide to ensure that the base plate 5 maintains linear motion during movement, avoiding possible deviation or shaking during the test, thereby improving the accuracy of the test. Secondly, the cooperation between the slider 16 and the slide rail 15 realizes the smooth movement of the base plate 5. The operator can easily adjust the position of the entire test device to adapt to bolts of different specifications or installation positions. This design greatly enhances the adaptability of the device, enabling it to cope with various test scenarios. In addition, the slide rail 15 structure also provides the possibility for automated testing. By adding a motor drive device, the automatic positioning and movement of the base plate 5 can be realized, further improving the test efficiency and accuracy.

[0076] In this embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, the lifting mechanism 8 includes a lifting cylinder 17 and a mounting plate 18. The lifting cylinder 17 is fixed on the swing rod 7. The mounting plate 18 is connected to the piston rod 19 of the lifting cylinder 17. The pneumatic tightening gun 9 is connected to the swing rod 7 through a connecting clamp 20.

[0077] In the above structure, the lifting mechanism 8 combines the lifting cylinder 17, the mounting plate 18 and the connecting clamp seat 20 to form an efficient, accurate and flexible positioning system for the pneumatic tightening gun 9. The lifting cylinder 17 is fixed on the swing rod 7, providing a stable foundation and power source for the entire lifting mechanism 8. The piston rod 19 of the cylinder is connected to the mounting plate 18. Through the telescopic movement of the cylinder, the mounting plate 18 can be accurately moved up and down. This design allows the operator to quickly and accurately adjust the vertical position of the pneumatic tightening gun 9 according to the height and position of different bolts. The pneumatic tightening gun 9 is fixed on the swing rod 7 through the connecting clamp seat 20. This connection method not only ensures the stability of the tightening gun, but also provides the convenience of replacing tightening guns of different specifications.

[0078] In this embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, a hanging plate 21 is fixed to the lower end of the counterweight rod 10 , and a plurality of hanging holes 22 are evenly spaced apart on the hanging plate 21 , and the counterweight 11 is hung on the hanging holes 22 through hooks 23 .

[0079] A plurality of hanging holes 22 equidistantly arranged on the suspension plate 21, combined with a detachable counterweight 11 and a hook 23, form an adjustable counterweight system. This design allows the operator to precisely control the offset angle of the swing arm 7 by changing the number, weight and position of the counterweight 11 on the suspension plate 21. By adding or removing the counterweight 11 from different hanging holes 22, various tilt angles can be easily simulated, thereby comprehensively testing the guiding effect of the bolts at different initial installation angles. This flexible counterweighting method enables the test device to simulate various deflection conditions that may be encountered during the actual installation process, greatly enhancing the comprehensiveness and authenticity of the test. In addition, the equidistantly arranged hanging holes 22 ensure the accuracy and repeatability of the counterweight adjustment. The operator can quickly set and record specific counterweight combinations as needed, which facilitates standardized testing and result comparison.

[0080] In this embodiment, Figure 4 As shown, the fixing tool 3 includes a flat-nose pliers 24 , which is fixed on the work surface 2 and has a positioning groove 25 for installing the nut 4 .

[0081] In the above structure, the fixing fixture 3 adopts a flat-nose pliers 24 structure, which is directly fixed on the work surface 2. This design provides a solid foundation for the entire test system. The specially designed positioning groove 25 on the flat-nose pliers 24 is specifically used to install and fix the nut 4 to be tested. The design of this positioning groove 25 ensures that the nut 4 maintains a precise position and direction during the test, effectively prevents the nut 4 from rotating or offsetting during the tightening process, and also ensures the consistency of the position of the nut 4 during each test. The adjustability of the flat-nose pliers 24 allows the operator to quickly adjust the clamping force according to nuts 4 of different specifications, and adapts to nuts 4 of various sizes and materials.

[0082] Embodiment 3: As shown in the figure, the difference from Embodiment 2 is that a flip plate 26 is fixed to the bottom of the slide rail 15, and an adjustment mechanism 27 for adjusting the front and rear pitch angles of the flip plate 26 is provided on the flip plate 26 and the work surface 2. The adjustment mechanism 27 includes a servo motor 28, a flip shaft 29 and two bearing seats 30. The two bearing seats 30 are fixed on the work surface 2 at intervals therebetween, and the flip shaft 29 is rotatably connected between the two bearing seats 30. The servo motor 28 is fixed on the work surface 2, and the output shaft of the servo motor 28 is coaxially fixed with the flip shaft 29, and the flip plate 26 is fixed on the flip shaft 29.

[0083] In the above structure, the flip plate 26 fixed at the bottom of the slide rail 15 realizes precise control of the front and rear pitch angles through the adjustment mechanism 27. This mechanism is composed of a servo motor 28, a flip shaft 29 and two bearing seats 30, forming a high-precision, controllable front and rear pitch adjustment system. The two bearing seats 30 are fixed on the work table 2 at intervals, providing stable support and rotation center for the flip shaft 29. The flip shaft 29 is rotatably connected between the two bearing seats 30 to ensure the smoothness and accuracy of rotation. The servo motor 28 is fixed on the work table 2, and its output shaft is coaxially fixed with the flip shaft 29. This direct drive method eliminates the error of the transmission link and improves the accuracy of the angle adjustment. The flip plate 26 is directly fixed on the flip shaft 29, and the pitch angle changes with the rotation of the flip shaft 29. This design allows the operator to accurately adjust the tilt angle of the slide rail 15 by controlling the servo motor 28, thereby simulating various complex bolt installation environments and greatly expanding the scope of the test.

[0084] Embodiment 4: As shown in the figure, different from Embodiment 3, it also includes an automatic compensation mechanism, which includes a force sensor 31, a magnetorheological damper 32 and a microprocessor 33. The force sensor 31 is arranged between the pneumatic tightening gun 9 and the mounting plate 18, and is used to detect the axial force during the tightening process. The magnetorheological damper 32 is installed on the rotary damping shaft 6, and is used to dynamically adjust the damping force of the swing rod 7. The microprocessor 33 is electrically connected to the force sensor 31 and the magnetorheological damper 32, and is used to adjust the damping force in real time according to the detected axial force to compensate for the deviation during the tightening process.

[0085] In the above structure, the automatic compensation mechanism is composed of three core components: a force sensor 31, a magnetorheological damper 32 and a microprocessor 33, forming a closed-loop feedback control system. The force sensor 31 is arranged between the pneumatic tightening gun 9 and the mounting plate 18, and can detect the change of the axial force in the tightening process in real time, providing key real-time data input for the system. The magnetorheological damper 32 is installed on the rotary damping shaft 6, and can quickly adjust the damping force according to the change of the external magnetic field, thereby dynamically controlling the movement of the swing rod 7. The microprocessor 33 realizes real-time data collection, processing and control through electrical connection with the force sensor 31 and the magnetorheological damper 32. The core advantage of this design is that it can calculate and adjust the damping force of the magnetorheological damper 32 in real time according to the change of the axial force detected during the tightening process, so as to accurately compensate for the deviation that may occur during the tightening process. This dynamic compensation mechanism greatly improves the accuracy of bolt installation and can effectively deal with various sudden installation situations, such as thread resistance changes, material deformation, etc. In addition, this automatic compensation mechanism also greatly improves the repeatability and consistency of the test and reduces the influence of human factors.

[0086] In this embodiment, Figure 3As shown, the counterweight rod 10 is connected to the lower end of the swing rod 7 by a counterweight adjustment mechanism 34 and can be moved left and right. The counterweight adjustment mechanism 34 includes a driving disk 35, a driving motor 36, an adjusting rod 37, a fan gear 38 and a rack 39. The counterweight rod 10 includes a vertical rod 40 and a horizontal rod 41. The vertical rod 40 is fixed to the lower end of the swing rod 7, and the horizontal rod 41 is fixed to the lower end of the vertical rod 40. The driving disk 35 is rotatably arranged on the vertical rod 40. The driving motor 36 is also fixed to the vertical rod 40 and is used to drive the driving disk 35 to rotate. An eccentric shaft 42 is also provided on the driving disk 35. The adjusting rod 37 is rotatably connected to the vertical rod 40, and one end of the adjusting rod 37 is movably connected to the eccentric shaft 42 through a slide groove 43. The other end of the adjusting rod 37 is fixed to the fan gear 38, and the fan gear 38 is meshed with the rack 39. The rack 39 is horizontally movably arranged on the cross rod 41, and the counterweight member 11 is tied to the rack 39.

[0087] The counterweight adjustment mechanism 34 includes a driving disc 35, a driving motor 36, an adjusting rod 37, a sector gear 38 and a rack 39, forming an efficient transmission system. The driving disc 35 is rotatably arranged on the vertical rod 40, and its rotation is controlled by the driving motor 36 fixed on the vertical rod 40. The eccentric shaft 42 on the driving disc 35 is connected to one end of the adjusting rod 37 through a sliding groove 43 to convert the rotary motion into reciprocating motion. The other end of the adjusting rod 37 is fixed to the sector gear 38, and the sector gear 38 is meshed with the rack 39 to convert the reciprocating motion into the horizontal movement of the rack 39. The rack 39 can be horizontally movably arranged on the crossbar 41, and the counterweight 11 is directly tied to the rack 39 and moves synchronously with the rack 39.

[0088] The advantage of this design is that it can accurately control the continuous, smooth and precise left and right adjustment of the counterweight by driving the motor 36. The motor drive mode not only improves the accuracy of the adjustment, but also realizes the possibility of automatic control, significantly improving the efficiency and repeatability of the test. The design of the eccentric shaft 42 and the slide 43 cleverly converts the rotational motion into linear motion, and the combination of the sector gear 38 and the rack 39 further amplifies this motion, so that a small amplitude of the motor rotation can be converted into a larger range of counterweight movement. This design also has good adjustability. By replacing different eccentric shafts 42 or adjusting the gear ratio, the range and accuracy of the counterweight adjustment can be easily changed, thereby enabling the device to simulate more complex and delicate bolt installation scenarios, greatly expanding the application range of the test.

[0089] Embodiment 5: A detection method of a guide bolt guide effect detection device, using the guide bolt guide effect detection device in any one of Embodiments 1 to 4, comprising the following steps:

[0090] S1: Preparation step: install the pilot bolt to be tested on the pneumatic tightening gun 9, adjust the position of the base plate 5 on the work surface 2, align the pneumatic tightening gun 9 with the pilot bolt installed with the nut 4 on the fixed tool 3, and set the initial inclination angle of the swing rod 7 by adjusting the counterweight 11 on the counterweight rod 10;

[0091] S2: parameter setting step: setting the working parameters of the pneumatic tightening gun 9 in the control module 14, including the rotation speed and the target torque, and setting the sampling frequency of the angle sensor 12 and the torque sensor 13;

[0092] S3: Initial position recording step: using the angle sensor 12 to record the initial angle of the swing rod 7;

[0093] S4: tightening step: start the pneumatic tightening gun 9 through the control module 14, start to screw the guide bolt into the nut 4 on the fixing fixture 3, and monitor and record the angle change of the swing rod 7 and the output torque of the pneumatic tightening gun 9 in real time;

[0094] S5: Data collection step: continuously record the angle and torque data during the entire tightening process, and record the final angle and torque values ​​when tightening is completed;

[0095] S6: multi-angle test step: adjust the position of the counterweight 11 on the counterweight rod 10, change the initial angle of the swing rod 7, repeat steps S3-S5, and perform tests at different initial angles;

[0096] S7: Data analysis steps: analyze the angle change curve to evaluate the guiding ability of the guide bolt, analyze the torque curve to evaluate the smoothness of the tightening process, compare the test results at different initial angles, and evaluate the performance of the guide bolt at various angles.

[0097] This method for detecting the guiding effect of the guide bolt utilizes the characteristics of simulating the actual installation environment and evaluating the performance of the guide bolt by measuring angle and torque data. It can effectively evaluate the guiding ability of the guide bolt at different initial installation angles and the smoothness of the tightening process, and provide a reference for the design and application of the guide bolt.

[0098] The working principle of this detection method is to simulate the real bolt tightening process, monitor the key parameters of the tightening process through sensors, and finally evaluate the performance of the bolt by analyzing the data. Specifically:

[0099] 1. Simulate the real installation environment: By adjusting the position of the base plate 5 and the counterweight 11 on the counterweight rod 10, different initial tilt angles can be set to simulate various complex bolt installation conditions, such as bolt deflection, uneven bolt installation position, etc., to simulate actual application scenarios.

[0100] 2. Data collection and analysis: The angle sensor 12 and the torque sensor 13 can monitor and record the angle change and torque change during the tightening process in real time. These data can be used to evaluate the guiding ability of the guiding bolt and the stability of the tightening process.

[0101] 3. Multi-angle test: By adjusting the counterweight 11 on the counterweight rod 10, changing the initial angle of the swing rod 7, and repeating the test, the performance data of the guide bolt at different initial angles can be obtained.

[0102] 4. Evaluate the performance of the guide bolts: By analyzing the data, the guiding ability of the guide bolts at different installation angles, the smoothness of the tightening process, and the performance differences at different angles can be evaluated, providing a reference for the design and application of the guide bolts.

[0103] Preferably, the S7 data analysis step comprises:

[0104] S7.1: Analyze the angle change curve and evaluate the guiding ability of the guiding bolt, including:

[0105] a) Extract angle-time curve and identify key feature points;

[0106] b) Calculate the initial deviation, that is, the difference between the starting angle and the ideal centering angle;

[0107] c) Calculate the angle convergence time, that is, the time required for the angle to reach a stable state from the initial deviation;

[0108] d) Analyze the fluctuation of the curve in the stable stage and calculate the fluctuation amplitude and frequency;

[0109] e) Calculate the final deviation, i.e. the difference between the angle at the end of tightening and the ideal centering angle;

[0110] f) Quantitatively evaluate the guiding ability of the guiding bolts according to the preset evaluation criteria, including the convergence time threshold, the fluctuation amplitude threshold in the stable stage and the final deviation threshold;

[0111] The key feature points extracted from the angle-time curve mainly include the following:

[0112] Initial deviation: The difference between the initial angle of the swing bar 7 and the ideal centering angle when the bolt is tightened, reflecting the deviation of the initial installation of the bolt. For example, if the ideal centering angle is 0 degrees, and the angle of the swing bar 7 is 2 degrees when tightening begins, then the initial deviation is 2 degrees.

[0113] Angle convergence time: refers to the time required for the angle of the swing rod 7 to converge from the initial deviation to a stable state, reflecting the rapid deviation correction capability of the guide bolt. For example, if the swing rod 7 converges the angle from 2 degrees to 0.5 degrees within 1 second, the angle convergence time is 1 second.

[0114] Fluctuation amplitude in stable stage: The fluctuation of the angle of the swing arm 7 in the stable stage is measured to reflect the anti-deflection ability of the guide bolt and to evaluate the stability of the bolt. For example, if the swing arm 7 is in a stable state and the angle fluctuation range is within 0.1 degrees, then the fluctuation amplitude is 0.1 degrees.

[0115] Final deviation: refers to the difference between the angle at the end of tightening and the ideal centering angle, reflecting the final correction effect of the guide bolt. For example, if the angle of the swing rod 7 is 0.2 degrees at the end of tightening, then the final deviation is 0.2 degrees.

[0116] By extracting these key feature points, the angle change curve can be converted into specific index data, making the performance evaluation of the guide bolt more intuitive and quantitative, and facilitating comparison and analysis.

[0117] In order to quantitatively evaluate the guiding ability of the guiding bolt, analysis can be performed based on the above characteristic point information combined with the preset evaluation criteria. For example:

[0118] Convergence time threshold: Set a time threshold to determine whether the guide bolt can converge the angle to a stable state within the specified time, thereby evaluating its rapid deviation correction capability.

[0119] Fluctuation amplitude threshold in stable stage: Set a fluctuation amplitude threshold to determine whether the fluctuation amplitude of the guide bolt in the stable stage is within the allowable range, so as to evaluate its anti-deflection ability.

[0120] Final deviation threshold: Set a final deviation threshold to determine whether the guide bolt can finally adjust the angle to the ideal centering angle range, so as to evaluate its final correction effect.

[0121] By analyzing the angle change curves at different initial angles, the correction ability of the guide bolt under different initial deviations can be evaluated. By comparing the test results of different guide bolts, the advantages and disadvantages of different types of bolts can be evaluated, providing a reference for the design and selection of guide bolts.

[0122] S7.2: Analyze the torque curve to evaluate the smoothness of the tightening process, including:

[0123] a) Extract the torque-time curve and identify key feature points;

[0124] b) Analyze the rising characteristics of torque from zero to target value, and calculate the rising time and slope;

[0125] c) Calculate the fluctuation amplitude and frequency of torque during tightening;

[0126] d) Analyze the stability after reaching the target torque and calculate the duration of the stable phase;

[0127] e) Record the torque value at the end of tightening and calculate the error with the target torque;

[0128] f) quantitatively evaluate the stability of the tightening process according to preset evaluation criteria, including torque fluctuation amplitude threshold, stable phase duration threshold and final torque error threshold;

[0129] The advantages of S7.2 are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

[0130] 1. Identify key feature points: By extracting key feature points on the torque-time curve, such as rise time, fluctuation amplitude, stable phase duration, and final torque error, the dynamic change trend of the tightening process can be more intuitively understood and potential problems can be discovered.

[0131] 2. Quantitative evaluation of tightening smoothness: By calculating indicators such as rise time, fluctuation amplitude, stable phase duration and final torque error, and comparing them with preset evaluation standards, the smoothness of the tightening process can be quantitatively evaluated to ensure the reliability and consistency of the tightening process.

[0132] 3. Optimize the bolt tightening process: By analyzing the torque curve, abnormal conditions during the tightening process can be found, such as:

[0133] The rising time is too long: there may be problems such as poor thread engagement, insufficient lubrication, and poor torque control. It is necessary to adjust the parameters or optimize the tightening process;

[0134] The fluctuation range is too large: there may be problems such as intermittent thread jamming, insufficient lubrication, insufficient power of the pneumatic tightening gun 9, etc., which need to be investigated and improved;

[0135] The duration of the stable phase is insufficient: there may be problems such as unstable torque control or excessive thread friction changes, and the control system needs to be optimized or the thread lubrication needs to be adjusted;

[0136] The final torque error is too large: There may be problems such as insufficient torque control accuracy and excessive thread clearance, which require adjustment of parameters or optimization of tightening methods;

[0137] 4. Improve test efficiency and automation: Through data analysis and quantitative evaluation, the stability of the tightening process can be quickly and efficiently evaluated, and areas for improvement can be found, thereby improving test efficiency and reducing manual operation errors. At the same time, data analysis can be combined with an automated test system to automatically determine the eligibility of the tightening process, further improving test efficiency.

[0138] Therefore, the above steps can effectively evaluate the smoothness of the tightening process by analyzing the torque curve, and help discover problems in the tightening process, providing an effective basis and guidance for optimizing the tightening process and improving the reliability and consistency of the bolt tightening process.

[0139] S7.3: Compare the test results at different initial angles and evaluate the performance of the pilot bolt at each angle, including:

[0140] a) Conduct statistical analysis on the evaluation results of the guiding ability and tightening stability at different initial angles;

[0141] b) Calculate the mean and standard deviation of each indicator at different angles;

[0142] c) Use the variance analysis method to evaluate the sensitivity of the pilot bolt performance to the initial angle;

[0143] d) Determine the initial angle range for the best and worst performance of the pilot bolt;

[0144] e) Generate a performance-angle relationship diagram to intuitively display the performance changes of the guide bolt at different angles;

[0145] Step S7.3 can more comprehensively evaluate the performance of the guide bolts and find the angle ranges with the best and worst performance by comprehensively analyzing the test results at different initial angles. By statistically analyzing the evaluation results of the guiding ability and tightening smoothness at different initial angles, calculating the mean and standard deviation of each index at different angles, using the variance analysis method to evaluate the sensitivity of the guide bolt performance to the initial angle, and visually displaying the performance changes of the guide bolts at different angles through the performance-angle relationship diagram, this method can intuitively understand the performance change trend of the guide bolts at different angles, and determine the most suitable installation angle, maximize the role of the guide bolts, and avoid poor bolt installation or performance degradation. At the same time, it can also discover potential performance defects or weaknesses of the guide bolts, providing an important reference for improving the design, optimizing the manufacturing process, and improving the reliability of the guide bolts.

[0146] S7.4: Comprehensive score, including:

[0147] a) Design a comprehensive scoring system based on the above analysis results, assigning weights to the three aspects of guiding ability, tightening stability and angle adaptability;

[0148] b) Calculate the comprehensive performance score of the pilot bolt;

[0149] c) The overall performance of the pilot bolts is graded based on the scores.

[0150] Step S7.4 uses a comprehensive scoring system to evaluate the overall performance of the guide bolts and classify them into grades, which facilitates and intuitively compares the advantages and disadvantages of different guide bolts. This step takes into account the three aspects of guiding ability, tightening stability and angle adaptability, and performs a comprehensive score through weight distribution, which can more comprehensively and objectively reflect the overall performance of the guide bolts, rather than focusing on a single indicator. Through comprehensive scoring and grading, the performance advantages and disadvantages of different guide bolts can be intuitively compared, which is convenient for users to choose the most suitable guide bolts. At the same time, through the comprehensive scoring system, it is possible to clearly identify which aspects need to be improved, providing direction and goals for the design and improvement of guide bolts. In addition, the comprehensive scoring system can also simplify the analysis and evaluation of test results, improve test efficiency, and facilitate rapid comparison and screening of different guide bolts.

[0151] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A guide bolt guide effect detection device, characterized in that: include A frame, wherein the frame has a work surface; A fixed tool is arranged on the work surface, and a nut matching the pilot bolt to be measured is installed on the fixed tool; A bottom plate is movably arranged on the work surface, and a rotary damping shaft is rotatably mounted on the bottom plate, and the rotary damping shaft is horizontally and longitudinally distributed; A swing rod, the lower part of which is fixed to the rotary damping shaft, and the upper part of which is connected to a pneumatic tightening gun via a lifting mechanism; A counterweight rod is connected to the lower end of the swing rod, and a counterweight piece is connected to the counterweight rod, which is used to make the swing rod swing at a certain angle, so that the guide bolt to be measured can be screwed at an angle; An angle sensor, disposed on the swing rod, for detecting a swing angle of the swing rod; A torque sensor is provided on the pneumatic tightening gun and is used to detect the output torque of the pneumatic tightening gun; The control module is electrically connected to the angle sensor, the torque sensor and the pneumatic tightening gun, and is used for receiving and processing sensor data and controlling the action of the pneumatic tightening gun.

2. A guide bolt guide effect detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a slide rail, which is arranged on the work surface, and the bottom plate is slidably connected to the slide rail via a slider.

3. A guide bolt guide effect detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting mechanism comprises a lifting cylinder and a mounting plate, wherein the lifting cylinder is fixed on the swing rod, the mounting plate is connected to the piston rod of the lifting cylinder, and the pneumatic tightening gun is connected to the swing rod via a connecting clamp.

4. A guide bolt guide effect detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A hanging plate is fixed to the lower end of the counterweight rod, and a plurality of hanging holes are equidistantly spaced on the hanging plate. The counterweight is hung on the hanging holes through hooks.

5. A guide bolt guide effect detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing tool comprises a flat-nose pliers, the flat-nose pliers are fixed on the work surface, and the flat-nose pliers are provided with a positioning groove for installing a nut.

6. A guide bolt guide effect detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A flip plate is fixed at the bottom of the slide rail, and an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the front and rear pitch angles of the flip plate is provided on the flip plate and the work surface. The adjustment mechanism includes a servo motor, a flip shaft and two bearing seats. The two bearing seats are fixed on the work surface at left and right intervals. The flip shaft is rotatably connected between the two bearing seats. The servo motor is fixed on the work surface, and the output shaft of the servo motor is coaxially fixed with the flip shaft, and the flip plate is fixed on the flip shaft.

7. A guide bolt guide effect detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an automatic compensation mechanism, which includes a force sensor, a magnetorheological damper and a microprocessor. The force sensor is arranged between the pneumatic tightening gun and the mounting plate, and is used to detect the axial force during the tightening process. The magnetorheological damper is installed on the rotary damping shaft and is used to dynamically adjust the damping force of the swing arm. The microprocessor is electrically connected to the force sensor and the magnetorheological damper, and is used to adjust the damping force in real time according to the detected axial force to compensate for the deviation during the tightening process.

8. A guide bolt guide effect detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The counterweight rod can be connected to the lower end of the swing rod by moving left and right through the counterweight adjustment mechanism. The counterweight adjustment mechanism includes a driving plate, a driving motor, an adjusting rod, a sector gear and a rack. The counterweight rod includes a vertical rod and a cross rod. The vertical rod is fixed to the lower end of the swing rod, and the cross rod is fixed to the lower end of the vertical rod. The driving plate can be rotatably arranged on the vertical rod, and the driving motor is also fixed on the vertical rod and is used to drive the driving plate to rotate. An eccentric shaft is also arranged on the driving plate, and the adjusting rod can be rotatably connected to the vertical rod, and one end of the adjusting rod is movably connected to the eccentric shaft through a slide groove, and the other end of the adjusting rod is fixed to the sector gear, and the sector gear is meshed with the rack. The rack can be horizontally movably arranged on the cross rod, and the counterweight is connected to the rack.

9. A detection method using a guide bolt guide effect detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are included: S1: Preparation steps: install the pilot bolt to be tested on the pneumatic tightening gun, adjust the position of the base plate on the work surface, align the pneumatic tightening gun with the pilot bolt installed with the nut on the fixed fixture, and set the initial inclination angle of the swing arm by adjusting the counterweight on the counterweight rod; S2: Parameter setting step: setting the working parameters of the pneumatic tightening gun in the control module, including the rotation speed and target torque, and setting the sampling frequency of the angle sensor and the torque sensor; S3: initial position recording step: using an angle sensor to record the initial angle of the swing rod; S4: Tightening step: Start the pneumatic tightening gun through the control module, start to tighten the guide bolt into the nut on the fixed tooling, and monitor and record the angle change of the swing arm and the output torque of the pneumatic tightening gun in real time; S5: Data collection step: continuously record the angle and torque data during the entire tightening process, and record the final angle and torque values ​​when tightening is completed; S6: multi-angle test step: adjust the position of the counterweight on the counterweight rod, change the initial angle of the swing rod, repeat steps S3-S5, and perform tests at different initial angles; S7: Data analysis steps: analyze the angle change curve to evaluate the guiding ability of the guide bolt, analyze the torque curve to evaluate the smoothness of the tightening process, compare the test results at different initial angles, and evaluate the performance of the guide bolt at various angles.

10. A detection method for a guide bolt guide effect detection device according to claim 9, characterized in that: S7 data analysis steps include: S7.1: Analyze the angle change curve and evaluate the guiding ability of the guiding bolt, including: a) Extract angle-time curve and identify key feature points; b) Calculate the initial deviation, that is, the difference between the starting angle and the ideal centering angle; c) Calculate the angle convergence time, that is, the time required for the angle to reach a stable state from the initial deviation; d) Analyze the fluctuation of the curve in the stable stage and calculate the fluctuation amplitude and frequency; e) Calculate the final deviation, i.e. the difference between the angle at the end of tightening and the ideal centering angle; f) Quantitatively evaluate the guiding ability of the guiding bolts according to the preset evaluation criteria, including the convergence time threshold, the fluctuation amplitude threshold in the stable stage and the final deviation threshold; S7.2: Analyze the torque curve to evaluate the smoothness of the tightening process, including: a) Extract the torque-time curve and identify key feature points; b) Analyze the rising characteristics of torque from zero to target value, and calculate the rising time and slope; c) Calculate the fluctuation amplitude and frequency of torque during tightening; d) Analyze the stability after reaching the target torque and calculate the duration of the stable phase; e) Record the torque value at the end of tightening and calculate the error with the target torque; f) quantitatively evaluate the stability of the tightening process according to preset evaluation criteria, including torque fluctuation amplitude threshold, stable phase duration threshold and final torque error threshold; S7.3: Compare the test results at different initial angles and evaluate the performance of the pilot bolt at each angle, including: a) Conduct statistical analysis on the evaluation results of the guiding ability and tightening stability at different initial angles; b) Calculate the mean and standard deviation of each indicator at different angles; c) Use the variance analysis method to evaluate the sensitivity of the pilot bolt performance to the initial angle; d) Determine the initial angle range for the best and worst performance of the pilot bolt; e) Generate a performance-angle relationship diagram to intuitively display the performance changes of the guide bolt at different angles; S7.4: Comprehensive score, including: a) Design a comprehensive scoring system based on the above analysis results, assigning weights to the three aspects of guiding ability, tightening stability and angle adaptability; b) Calculate the comprehensive performance score of the pilot bolt; c) The overall performance of the pilot bolts is graded based on the scores.

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