Typhoon boundary layer wind profile inversion method and device based on multi-source data fusion

Abstract

The invention provides a typhoon boundary layer wind profile inversion method and device based on multi-source data fusion. The typhoon boundary layer wind profile inversion method comprises the steps that based on the measurement height Hstart of a ground automatic measurement station and the initial measurement height Hlow of a wind measurement laser radar, the wind measurement laser radar and the ground automatic measurement station are combined to obtain a low-altitude wind profile; based on the comparison result of the farthest detectable height Hhigh of the wind measurement laser radar and the preset height Hend, a wind profile radar and wind measurement laser radar combined method is adopted to measure the wind speed in the range from Hlow to Hend, and a high-altitude wind profile is obtained; and combining the low-altitude wind profile and the high-altitude wind profile to obtain a wind profile covering the full height of the boundary layer. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, wind profile inversion and wind field distribution characteristic analysis of the full height of the boundary layer in different evolution stages of the typhoon can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This document relates to the technical field of typhoon boundary layer wind profiles, and in particular to a typhoon boundary layer wind profile inversion method and device based on multi-source data fusion. Background Art

[0002] Typhoons are one of the most serious meteorological disasters, causing significant losses to coastal areas. Therefore, accurate prediction of typhoon tracks and intensities is crucial. Observation of wind fields in the typhoon boundary layer and research on its vertical structure are of great significance for improving the boundary layer parameterization scheme in numerical forecast models, deepening the understanding of typhoon evolution mechanisms, and improving the forecast level of typhoon tracks and intensities.

[0003] At present, the equipment used for vertical observation of typhoon boundary layer wind field mainly includes sounding balloons, GPS dropsondes, anemometers, wind profile radars, and wind laser radars. The ability to detect wind field based on a single device is relatively limited: sounding balloons are currently the main way to detect global wind profiles, but the frequency of launch is mostly once in the morning and evening every day, and the data acquisition rate is low, which cannot effectively capture the distribution characteristics of boundary layer wind field at various stages of typhoon evolution; GPS dropsondes are mostly carried on aircraft platforms for encrypted observations when typhoons land, but the observation cost is high and long-term continuous observations cannot be carried out; anemometers are mostly installed on fixed meteorological observation towers, which can continuously detect wind fields near the ground, but are limited by the height of the observation tower, and the observation range is concentrated below 300m; the observation principles of wind profile radars and wind laser radars are relatively similar, and both can achieve vertical continuous detection of boundary layer wind fields. However, the near-ground blind spot of wind profiler radar is large, the blind spot of tropospheric wind profiler radar is 150m, and the distance resolution is as low as 120m, and the detection capability of fine wind field structure is weak; the wind field detection of wind measuring lidar has the advantages of high precision, high temporal and spatial resolution, and its detection capability can basically cover the boundary layer in clear weather, but its detection distance will be greatly attenuated in rainy weather when typhoons make landfall, usually only reaching a few hundred meters.

[0004] Therefore, the prior art cannot realize the continuous inversion of the wind profile without blind spots in the typhoon boundary layer under various weather conditions. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a typhoon boundary layer wind profile inversion method and device based on multi-source data fusion, aiming to solve the above-mentioned problem.

[0006] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a typhoon boundary layer wind profile inversion method based on multi-source data fusion is provided, comprising:

[0007] S1. Measurement height H based on ground automatic measurement station start and the starting height H of the wind laser radarlow The low-altitude wind profile is obtained by combining wind laser radar with ground automatic measurement stations;

[0008] S2, the farthest detectable height H based on wind laser radar high With preset height H end The comparison results of H were measured by combining wind profiler radar and wind lidar. low To H end Wind speed within the range, obtain high-altitude wind profile;

[0009] S3. Combining the low-altitude wind profile and the high-altitude wind profile to obtain a wind profile covering the entire height of the boundary layer.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a typhoon boundary layer wind profile inversion device based on multi-source data fusion is provided, comprising:

[0011] Low altitude fusion module, based on the measurement height H of the ground automatic measurement station start and the starting height H of the wind laser radar low The low-altitude wind profile is obtained by combining wind laser radar with ground automatic measurement stations;

[0012] High altitude fusion module, based on the farthest detectable altitude H of wind laser radar high With preset height H end The comparison results of H were measured by combining wind profiler radar and wind lidar. low To H end Wind speed within the range, obtain high-altitude wind profile;

[0013] The wind profile inversion module combines the low-altitude wind profile and the high-altitude wind profile to obtain a wind profile covering the full height of the boundary layer.

[0014] By adopting the embodiment of the present invention, the shortcomings of using a single device to detect the typhoon boundary layer wind field are overcome, and the advantages of three technical means are fully utilized during data fusion, including the near-ground wind field detection capability of the ground station, the fine structure detection capability of the boundary layer wind field of the wind measuring laser radar, and the long-distance detection capability of the wind profile radar in heavy precipitation weather. The full-height wind profile inversion from the ground to the preset height range under different weather conditions is realized. The study of the wind field observation and vertical structure of the typhoon boundary layer is of great significance for improving the boundary layer parameterization scheme in the numerical forecast model, deepening the understanding of the typhoon evolution mechanism, and improving the forecast level of the typhoon path and intensity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate one or more embodiments of this specification or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this specification. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0016] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a typhoon boundary layer wind profile inversion method based on multi-source data fusion according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of using interpolation to supplement low-altitude wind speed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the time-height-intensity changes of wind speed and wind direction measured by a wind measuring laser radar when a typhoon A passes through an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the time-height-intensity change of wind speed and wind direction after the fusion of a wind laser radar and a wind profile radar when a typhoon A passes through an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 5 A specific implementation flow chart of a typhoon boundary layer wind profile inversion method based on multi-source data fusion according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a typhoon boundary layer wind profile inversion system based on multi-source data fusion according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in one or more embodiments of this specification, the following will be combined with the drawings in one or more embodiments of this specification to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in one or more embodiments of this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of this specification, not all of the embodiments. Based on one or more embodiments of this specification, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of this document.

[0023] Method Embodiment

[0024] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a typhoon boundary layer wind profile inversion method based on multi-source data fusion is provided. Figure 1 is a flow chart of a typhoon boundary layer wind profile inversion method based on multi-source data fusion according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1As shown, the typhoon boundary layer wind profile inversion method based on multi-source data fusion according to an embodiment of the present invention specifically includes:

[0025] S1. Measurement height H based on ground automatic measurement station start and the starting height H of the wind laser radar low The low-altitude wind profile is obtained by combining wind laser radar with ground automatic measurement stations;

[0026] S1 specifically includes:

[0027] Get the starting height H of the wind laser radar low The wind laser radar is used to obtain H low The wind speed at height is obtained by measuring the height H of the ground automatic measurement station. start The H start The wind speed at height, H start To H low The wind speed within the height range is supplemented by interpolation to obtain the low-altitude wind profile.

[0028] S2, the farthest detectable height H based on wind laser radar high With preset height H end The comparison results of H were measured by combining wind profiler radar and wind lidar. low To H end Wind speed within the range, obtain high-altitude wind profile;

[0029] S2 specifically includes:

[0030] S21, if the maximum detectable height of the wind laser radar is H high Greater than the preset height H end , wind laser radar is used to obtain the high-altitude wind profile;

[0031] S22, if the maximum detectable height of the wind laser radar is H high Less than the preset height H end , the wind profiler radar and wind laser radar are used together to obtain the high-altitude wind profile.

[0032] S21 specifically includes:

[0033] Extract the maximum detectable height H of the wind laser radar high , if H high Greater than the preset height H end , then the wind laser radar measures H low To H end The wind speed within the height range is based on the H low To H end The wind speed in the height range is obtained as H low To Hend The wind profile within the altitude range is taken as the high-altitude wind profile.

[0034] S22 specifically includes:

[0035] If H high Less than the preset height H end , using wind profiler radar to obtain H high To H end The wind speed within the height range is used to obtain the first high-altitude wind profile, and the wind laser radar is used to obtain H low To H high A second high-altitude wind profile is obtained by combining the first high-altitude wind profile and the second high-altitude wind profile to obtain a high-altitude wind profile.

[0036] S3. Combining the low-altitude wind profile and the high-altitude wind profile to obtain a wind profile covering the entire height of the boundary layer.

[0037] After the low-altitude wind profile and the high-altitude wind profile are output separately, the two are fused to output a wind profile with no blind spots covering the entire height of the boundary layer.

[0038] Figure 5 The specific implementation flow chart of the typhoon boundary layer wind profile inversion method based on multi-source data fusion of the present embodiment is as follows:

[0039] The input data consists of three parts: 10m horizontal wind speed measured by ground automatic station with a time resolution of 1h; wind profile measured by wind laser radar, the starting height is usually tens of meters, the farthest detection distance is related to atmospheric conditions, the spatial resolution is 15m, and the time resolution is 1min; wind profile measured by wind profiler radar, the starting height is usually 150m, the farthest detection distance is related to atmospheric conditions, the spatial resolution is 120m, and the time resolution is 6min.

[0040] The method includes two modules: low-altitude fusion and high-altitude fusion. The wind profiles measured by the wind lidar and wind profiler radar are uniformly averaged for 1 hour to remove the influence of small-scale fluctuations.

[0041] First, based on the input data, the measurement height of the ground automatic measurement station and the starting height of the wind laser radar are obtained. For example, the starting height H of the wind laser radar is extracted. low , combined with the 10m wind speed measured by the ground station, the 10m~H low The wind speed within this height range is interpolated and supplemented. The interpolation method used here is cubic spline interpolation, which has a relatively stable interpolation effect.

[0042] Taking the average wind speed of a certain place X from 05:00 to 06:00 on July 28, 2023 as an example, there is a low-altitude blind area in the observation of the wind laser radar, and the starting height is 88m; before the low-altitude fusion, below the starting height of the wind laser radar, there are only the wind speed at a height of 10m measured by the ground automatic station and the wind speed at 88m measured by the wind laser radar; the low-altitude fusion module uses cubic spline interpolation, and the spatial resolution after interpolation is 15m. After interpolation, the wind speed profile at 10m to 88m is obtained. The specific wind speed values ​​are shown in the following table, and the wind speed results before and after interpolation are shown in Table 1. Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of using interpolation to supplement the low-altitude wind speed according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Table 1 Wind speed before and after interpolation

[0044]

[0045] For the high-altitude fusion module, the input data comes from the wind laser radar and the wind profiler radar. The observation principles of the two devices are similar, but the spatial resolution of the wind laser radar is much smaller than that of the wind profiler radar, which can provide more detailed observations of the boundary layer wind field structure. Therefore, the farthest detection height H of the wind laser radar is first extracted. high , if the current atmospheric conditions are H high ≥2km, directly extract the H measured by the wind laser radar low The wind profile of ~2km is output as the high-altitude wind profile. Typhoons often bring heavy rainfall during their landing phase, which has a strong attenuation effect on the laser pulses emitted by the wind laser radar. At this time, its maximum detection altitude is H high will also decay significantly when H high <2km, H high The wind speed within the height range of 2 km needs to be supplemented by wind profiler radar observations. First, find the wind speed with H high The closest height H RWP At this time, the output high-altitude wind profile is obtained by fusion of the observation results of wind laser radar and wind profile radar, where H low ~H high The wind profiles in the height range are derived from the wind laser radar, H RWP The wind profiles in the range of ~2km altitude are derived from the wind profiler radar.

[0046] Figure 3 The horizontal wind speed and wind direction changes observed by X-axis wind laser radar at a certain location from July 27 to July 30, 2023 are shown in Figure 2. The horizontal axis is time, the vertical axis is height, and the color code is the value of horizontal wind speed and wind direction. Figure 3It can be seen that before the typhoon landed (July 27), the wind laser radar can basically meet the needs of high-precision and high-temporal and spatial resolution wind field detection in the boundary layer; but after the typhoon landed (July 28 to July 30), due to the strong precipitation brought by the typhoon landing, the detection distance of the wind laser radar was severely attenuated, and it was less than 500m during the period of 05:00 to 15:00 on July 28; by adopting the data fusion method described in the embodiment of the present invention to fuse the observation results of the wind laser radar and the wind profile radar, the inversion results of the horizontal wind speed and wind direction are as follows: Figure 4 As shown. Figure 4 It can be seen that during the entire period of typhoon landing, the changes in horizontal wind speed and wind direction in the entire atmospheric boundary layer can be fully captured.

[0047] Finally, after the low-altitude wind profile and the high-altitude wind profile are output separately, the two are fused to output a wind profile with no blind spots covering the entire height of the boundary layer.

[0048] By adopting the embodiments of the present invention, the following beneficial effects are achieved:

[0049] This method overcomes the shortcomings of traditional single equipment for typhoon boundary layer wind field detection, including that the ground station can only provide near-ground observations and cannot realize vertical profile observations of the boundary layer wind field; the wind measuring laser radar has a near-ground blind spot and the detection distance is severely attenuated in heavy rainfall weather and cannot cover the boundary layer; the wind profile radar has a large near-ground blind spot and high distance resolution, and the wind field fine detection capability needs to be improved.

[0050] Through the joint observation and data fusion methods of wind measuring lidar, wind profiler radar and ground automatic station, continuous inversion of typhoon boundary layer wind profiles without blind spots under various weather conditions is achieved. The inversion range covers the entire height of the boundary layer, with no blind spots near the ground, and the fine structure detection of the vertical profile of the wind field in the largest range within the boundary layer is achieved as much as possible, providing data and technical support for the study of boundary layer dynamics. The scope of application of this method is not limited to typhoon conditions, but is universal under various weather conditions.

[0051] For the near-ground blind areas of radar observations, in addition to ground automatic station observations, equipment including but not limited to ultrasonic anemometers and cup anemometers mounted on fixed wind towers can also provide near-ground wind field observations, and use a technical route similar to that of this solution to fuse the detection data with the wind lidar and wind profiler radar.

[0052] Device Embodiment

[0053] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a typhoon boundary layer wind profile inversion device based on multi-source data fusion is provided. Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a typhoon boundary layer wind profile inversion device based on multi-source data fusion according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 As shown, the typhoon boundary layer wind profile inversion device based on multi-source data fusion according to an embodiment of the present invention specifically includes:

[0054] Low altitude fusion module 60, based on the measured altitude H of the ground automatic measurement station start and the starting height H of the wind laser radar low The low-altitude wind profile is obtained by combining wind laser radar with ground automatic measurement stations;

[0055] High-altitude fusion module 62, based on the farthest detectable altitude H of the wind laser radar high With preset height H end The comparison results of H were measured by combining wind profiler radar and wind lidar. low To H end Wind speed within the range, obtain high-altitude wind profile;

[0056] The wind profile inversion module 64 combines the low-altitude wind profile and the high-altitude wind profile to obtain a wind profile covering the full height of the boundary layer.

[0057] The low altitude fusion module is specifically used for:

[0058] Get the starting height H of the wind laser radar low The wind laser radar is used to obtain H low The wind speed at height is obtained by measuring the height H of the ground automatic measurement station. start The H start The wind speed at height, H start To H low The wind speed within the height range is supplemented by interpolation to obtain the low-altitude wind profile.

[0059] The high-altitude fusion module specifically includes:

[0060] The first high-altitude fusion module, if the maximum detectable height of the wind laser radar is H high Greater than the preset height H end , wind laser radar is used to obtain the high-altitude wind profile;

[0061] The second high-altitude fusion module, if the maximum detectable height of the wind laser radar is H high Less than the preset height H end , the wind profile radar and wind laser radar are used to obtain the high-altitude wind profile;

[0062] The first high-altitude fusion module is specifically used for:

[0063] Extract the maximum detectable height H of the wind laser radar high , if H high Greater than the preset height Hend , then the wind laser radar measures H low To H end The wind speed within the height range is based on the H low To H end The wind speed in the height range is obtained as H low To H end The wind profile within the altitude range is taken as the high-altitude wind profile.

[0064] The second high-altitude fusion module is specifically used for:

[0065] If H high Less than the preset height H end , using wind profiler radar to obtain H high To H end The wind speed within the height range is used to obtain the first high-altitude wind profile, and the wind laser radar is used to obtain H low To H high A second high-altitude wind profile is obtained by combining the first high-altitude wind profile and the second high-altitude wind profile to obtain a high-altitude wind profile.

[0066] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A typhoon boundary layer wind profile inversion method based on multi-source data fusion, characterized in that include: S1. Measurement height H based on ground automatic measurement station start and the starting height H of the wind laser radar low The low-altitude wind profile is obtained by combining wind laser radar with ground automatic measurement stations; S2, the farthest detectable height H based on wind laser radar high With preset height H end The comparison results of H were measured by combining wind profiler radar and wind lidar. low To H end Wind speed within the range, obtain high-altitude wind profile; S3. Combining the low-altitude wind profile and the high-altitude wind profile to obtain a wind profile covering the entire height of the boundary layer.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S1 specifically includes: Get the starting height H of the wind laser radar low The wind laser radar is used to obtain H low The wind speed at height is obtained by measuring the height H of the ground automatic measurement station. start The H start The wind speed at height, H start To H low The wind speed within the height range is supplemented by interpolation to obtain the low-altitude wind profile.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The S2 specifically includes: S21, if the maximum detectable height of the wind laser radar is H high Greater than the preset height H end , wind laser radar is used to obtain the high-altitude wind profile; S22, if the maximum detectable height of the wind laser radar is H high Less than the preset height H end , the wind profiler radar and wind laser radar are used together to obtain the high-altitude wind profile.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The S21 specifically includes: Extract the maximum detectable height H of the wind laser radar high , if H high Greater than the preset height H end , then the wind laser radar measures H low To H end The wind speed within the height range is based on the H low To H end The wind speed in the height range is obtained as H low To H end The wind profile within the altitude range is taken as the high-altitude wind profile.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The S22 specifically includes: If H high Less than the preset height H end , using wind profiler radar to obtain H high To H end The wind speed within the height range is used to obtain the first high-altitude wind profile, and the wind laser radar is used to obtain H low To H high A second high-altitude wind profile is obtained by combining the first high-altitude wind profile and the second high-altitude wind profile to obtain a high-altitude wind profile.

6. A typhoon boundary layer wind profile inversion device based on multi-source data fusion, characterized in that include: Low altitude fusion module, based on the measurement height H of the ground automatic measurement station start and the starting height H of the wind laser radar low The low-altitude wind profile is obtained by combining wind laser radar with ground automatic measurement stations; High altitude fusion module, based on the farthest detectable height H of wind laser radar high With preset height H end The comparison results of H were measured by combining wind profiler radar and wind lidar. low To H end Wind speed within the range, obtain high-altitude wind profile; The wind profile inversion module combines the low-altitude wind profile and the high-altitude wind profile to obtain a wind profile covering the full height of the boundary layer.

7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that The low altitude fusion module is specifically used for: Get the starting height H of the wind laser radar low The wind laser radar is used to obtain H low The wind speed at height is obtained by measuring the height H of the ground automatic measurement station. start The H start The wind speed at height, H start To H low The wind speed within the height range is supplemented by interpolation to obtain the low-altitude wind profile.

8. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that The high-altitude fusion module specifically includes: The first high-altitude fusion module, if the maximum detectable height of the wind laser radar is H high Greater than the preset height H end , wind laser radar is used to obtain the high-altitude wind profile; The second high-altitude fusion module, if the maximum detectable height of the wind laser radar is H high Less than the preset height H end , the wind profiler radar and wind laser radar are used together to obtain the high-altitude wind profile.

9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that The first high-altitude fusion module is specifically used for: Extract the maximum detectable height H of the wind laser radar high , if H high Greater than the preset height H end , then the wind laser radar measures H low To H end The wind speed within the height range is based on the H low To H end The wind speed in the height range is obtained as H low To H end The wind profile within the altitude range is taken as the high-altitude wind profile.

10. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that The second high-altitude fusion module is specifically used for: If H high Less than the preset height H end , using wind profiler radar to obtain H high To H end The wind speed within the height range is used to obtain the first high-altitude wind profile, and the wind laser radar is used to obtain H low To H high A second high-altitude wind profile is obtained by combining the first high-altitude wind profile and the second high-altitude wind profile to obtain a high-altitude wind profile.

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