Instruction processing system, quantum control system and quantum computer

Abstract

The invention discloses an instruction processing system, a quantum control system and a quantum computer, the instruction processing system is used for outputting waveform data of pulse signals for controlling quantum bits, and the instruction processing system comprises a communication module used for receiving a waveform parameter instruction sent by an upper computer; wherein the waveform parameter instruction comprises a first parameter, a second parameter and waveform coefficients of a rising edge and a falling edge of a pulse signal; the preset parameter configuration module is used for configuring the first parameter and the second parameter; and the waveform data generation module is used for generating waveform data of a complete waveform of the pulse signal according to the first parameter, the second parameter and the waveform coefficient. The waveform parameter instruction is adopted in the lower computer to generate the waveform data of the pulse signal, the problems that the waveform data size of the pulse signal is large, the internal storage is occupied when the pulse signal is issued to the lower computer, transmission is slow, and the calculation efficiency of quantum calculation is influenced can be solved, and the calculation efficiency of quantum calculation can be greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of quantum computing, and in particular to an instruction processing system, a quantum control system and a quantum computer. Background Art

[0002] Quantum chips are the core components for running quantum computing. They integrate multiple qubits, such as spin qubits on semiconductor quantum chips. DC signals and pulse signals are used to manipulate spin qubits, and radio frequency signals are used to measure spin qubits.

[0003] When using pulse signals to manipulate the two-bit gate of spin quantum bits, the accuracy requirements for the pulse signals are very high, and the pulse period is usually in the nanosecond level, for example, the waveform with a pulse signal period of less than 100ns. In addition, when using pulse signals to perform CPMG (Carr Purcell Meiboom Gill) and RB (Randomized Benchmarking) experiments on spin quantum bits, the accuracy requirements for the waveform are relatively low, and the pulse duration is usually in the millisecond level; that is, the rising and falling edges of the pulse signal waveform are relatively slow, and the waveform data of the complete waveform is relatively large.

[0004] It can be found that when controlling and measuring the conductor quantum chip, the applied pulse signals are various, and the pulse amplitude and pulse period of the pulse signals are different, which need to be determined according to the quantum computing task to be performed. In a quantum computing task, it is necessary to apply several different high-precision pulse signals to the spin quantum bit; and in order to ensure the accuracy of the results of the quantum computing task, the manipulation is usually repeated thousands or even tens of thousands of times, and the time intervals of the repeated operations are also different; in the specific manipulation, it is necessary to combine all the manipulated pulse signals into a combined pulse signal and apply it to the spin quantum bit for manipulation.

[0005] In the prior art, a host computer is usually used to receive quantum computing tasks, and the waveform of the pulse signal that needs to be applied to each spin quantum bit is determined according to the quantum computing task, and the waveform data is sent to the slave computer and stored in the slave computer. The slave computer outputs the corresponding pulse signal according to the waveform data; wherein the slave computer usually uses a quantum measurement and control system. As mentioned above, there are various pulse signals for manipulating quantum bits, and the waveform parameters of each pulse signal are also different. Each waveform parameter needs to be sent down; and some waveforms are combined pulse signals, and the amount of waveform data is very large, which is very time-consuming when sent down, and also takes up a lot of memory when stored in the quantum measurement and control system.

[0006] In addition, this waveform data is pre-stored and cannot be adjusted in real time. When the pulse signal needs to be adjusted, the upper computer needs to update the waveform data of the pulse signal and re-send it to the lower computer. This is affected by the time when the data is sent, which directly reduces the computational efficiency of quantum computing. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of this application is to provide an instruction processing system, a quantum control system and a quantum computer to solve the problem in the prior art that the large amount of waveform data of the pulse signal causes the memory to be occupied when sent to the lower computer and the transmission is slow, which affects the computational efficiency of quantum computing, and can greatly improve the computational efficiency of quantum computing.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the first aspect of the present application provides an instruction processing system for outputting waveform data of a pulse signal for manipulating a quantum bit, including:

[0009] A communication module, used for receiving a waveform parameter instruction sent by a host computer; wherein the waveform parameter instruction includes a first parameter, a second parameter and a waveform coefficient of a rising edge and a falling edge of a pulse signal;

[0010] A preset parameter configuration module, used to configure the first parameter and the second parameter; wherein the first parameter is a preset amplitude of a matching sampling point, and the second parameter is an amplitude of a high level of the pulse signal;

[0011] The waveform data generating module is used to generate waveform data of a complete waveform of a pulse signal according to the first parameter, the second parameter and the waveform coefficient.

[0012] In the instruction processing system as described above, preferably, the preset parameter configuration module includes a first parameter configuration module and a second parameter configuration module;

[0013] The first parameter configuration module is used to configure the first parameter;

[0014] The second parameter configuration module is used to configure the second parameter.

[0015] The instruction processing system as described above preferably further includes an instruction distribution module for sending the first parameter, the second parameter and the waveform coefficient to the first parameter configuration module, the second parameter configuration module and the waveform data generation module respectively.

[0016] In the instruction processing system as described above, preferably, the waveform coefficients include the starting amplitudes of the rising edge and the falling edge of the pulse signal waveform, the amplitude increment, and the total amount of waveform data.

[0017] In the instruction processing system as described above, preferably, the waveform data generating module is used to generate waveform data of a complete waveform of a nanosecond level pulse signal according to the starting amplitude, amplitude increment, and total amount of waveform data of the rising edge and the falling edge.

[0018] In the instruction processing system as described above, preferably, the waveform coefficients include the starting amplitude of the rising edge and the falling edge of the pulse signal waveform, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment and the total amount of waveform data.

[0019] In the instruction processing system as described above, preferably, the waveform data generation module is used to generate waveform data of a complete waveform of a millisecond-level pulse signal based on the starting amplitude of the rising edge and the falling edge, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment and the total amount of waveform data.

[0020] In the instruction processing system as described above, preferably, the waveform data generation module outputs a first amount of waveform data per clock cycle; wherein the first amount is equal to the quotient of the sampling rate of the digital-to-analog conversion module and the operating clock frequency of the waveform data generation module.

[0021] In the instruction processing system as described above, preferably, the waveform data generating module is also used to fill in the waveform data with an amplitude of the first parameter to the first quantity in the last clock cycle according to the total amount of waveform data.

[0022] In the instruction processing system as described above, preferably, the communication module, the preset parameter configuration module and the waveform data generation module are all functional modules integrated into the FPGA.

[0023] A second aspect of the present application provides a quantum control system, comprising any of the above-mentioned instruction processing systems, a host computer system, and a signal generation system;

[0024] The host computer system is used to receive quantum computing tasks and issue corresponding waveform parameter instructions;

[0025] The instruction processing system is used to output waveform data of the pulse signal according to the waveform parameter instruction;

[0026] The signal generating system is used to output a corresponding pulse signal according to the waveform data.

[0027] A third aspect of the present application provides a quantum computer, comprising the above-mentioned quantum control system and a quantum processor, wherein the quantum processor performs quantum calculations based on a pulse signal output by the quantum control system.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the instruction processing system provided by the present application is used to manipulate the spin quantum bit on the semiconductor quantum processor. The host computer sends the parameters of the wave pulse signal waveform in the form of a waveform parameter instruction to the communication module, and the communication module forwards the first parameter and the second parameter in the waveform parameter instruction to the preset parameter configuration module for configuration, and forwards the waveform coefficients of the rising edge and the falling edge of the pulse signal to the waveform data generation module; the preset parameter configuration module is sent to the waveform data generation module after the configuration is completed, and the waveform data generation module generates the waveform data of the complete waveform of the pulse signal according to the configured first parameter, the second parameter and the waveform coefficient. By generating waveform data of various pulse signal waveforms in the instruction processing system of the lower computer, it is avoided that the host computer sends the complete waveform data of each pulse waveform, which greatly reduces the amount of data sent by the host computer module and improves the efficiency of quantum computing.

[0029] The quantum control system and quantum computer provided in this application belong to the same application concept as the instruction processing system, and therefore have the same beneficial effects, which will not be described in detail here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a combined pulse waveform provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of another combined pulse waveform provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the composition of an instruction processing system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a data generation module outputting waveform data provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 1 ;

[0034] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a data generation module outputting waveform data corresponding to a rising edge provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of another data generation module outputting waveform data corresponding to a rising edge provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 1 ;

[0036] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of another data generation module outputting waveform data corresponding to a rising edge provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 2 ;

[0037] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a data generation module outputting waveform data provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 2 ;

[0038] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of a data generation module outputting waveform data provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 3 ;

[0039] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of a data generation module providing an embodiment of the present application to complete waveform data;

[0040] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the composition of a quantum control system provided in an embodiment of the present application. Description of the drawings:

[0042] 1-host computer system, 2-command processing system, 3-signal generation system;

[0043] 10 - communication module, 20 - preset parameter configuration module, 30 - waveform data generation module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The specific implementation of the present application will be described in more detail below in conjunction with the schematic diagram. The advantages and features of the present application will become clearer according to the following description and claims. It should be noted that the drawings are all in a very simplified form and are not in precise proportions, and are only used to conveniently and clearly assist in explaining the purpose of the embodiments of the present application.

[0045] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", etc., indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0046] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0047] Quantum computers generally include quantum processors and quantum control systems that manipulate and measure quantum processors to complete quantum computing tasks. At present, quantum processors can be divided into superconducting series, semiconductor series, ion well series, optical system, etc. according to their physical principles.

[0048] In a semiconductor quantum computer, multiple spin qubits are integrated on a quantum processor. It is usually necessary to form a spin qubit by applying a DC signal to the quantum processor, and use a pulse signal to manipulate two adjacent spin qubits so that a two-bit gate operation can be performed between the two spin qubits. The fidelity of the two-bit gate operation is closely related to the pulse response time of the applied pulse signal, which requires that the periods of the rising and falling edges of the applied pulse signal are very short, usually in the nanosecond level.

[0049] In addition, when using pulse signals to experiment on spin quantum bits, such as performing CPMG (Carr Purcell Meiboom Gill) and RB (Randomized Benchmarking) experiments, the waveform accuracy requirements are relatively low, and the pulse duration is usually in the millisecond level; that is, the rising and falling edges of the pulse signal waveform are relatively slow, and the waveform data of the complete waveform is relatively large. In addition, in order to ensure the accuracy of the experimental results, the manipulation is usually repeated thousands or even tens of thousands of times. Specifically, all pulse signals are combined into a combined pulse signal and applied to the spin quantum bit, and the manipulation results are experimented; it can be imagined that the waveform data of the combined pulse signal is very large.

[0050] Pulse signals are generally output by a signal source, a signal generator, or a quantum control system, and the waveform data of the pulse signal depends on the quantum computing task to be performed, and is usually sent down by the host computer. When a spin quantum bit performs a complex quantum computing task, it is necessary to continuously apply several pulse signals with different signal parameters to the same spin quantum bit. When repeated manipulation is required, the same pulse signal needs to be continuously applied to the same spin quantum bit. Regardless of whether the signal parameters of the pulse signal are the same, for several pulse signals, the waveforms of several pulse signals are usually spliced ​​into a combined pulse waveform in the host computer, and the combined pulse waveform is sent down to the quantum control system, which outputs a specific pulse signal based on the waveform data of the combined pulse waveform.

[0051] As attached Figure 1 The combined pulse waveform shown is the waveform of the pulse signal for performing a two-bit gate operation on the spin quantum bit. The pulse response time of the rising and falling edges is very short, usually in the nanosecond level, and its slope is very steep. The horizontal axis represents the pulse time, and the vertical axis represents the pulse amplitude. The pulse time and pulse amplitude correspond to each other to form a lot of waveform data; Figure 1 The combined pulse waveform in includes several pulse signals with different pulse amplitudes and pulse times, and the time intervals between the pulse signals are also different. It can be imagined that the complexity of the combined pulse waveform is very high. For this combined pulse waveform, the host computer needs to send all waveform data of the combined pulse waveform to the quantum measurement and control system.

[0052] As attached Figure 2 The combined pulse waveform shown is the waveform of the pulse signal when the CPMG and RB experiments are performed on the spin quantum bit. The pulse response time of the rising and falling edges is very long, usually in the millisecond level, and its slope is very slow. Among them, the horizontal axis of the coordinate represents the pulse time, and the vertical axis represents the pulse amplitude. The pulse time and pulse amplitude correspond to each other to form a lot of waveform data; Figure 2 The combined pulse waveform in includes two pulse signal waveforms, which can be understood as the need to perform two repeated experiments on the spin quantum bit. For this combined pulse waveform, the host computer needs to send all waveform data of the combined pulse waveform to the quantum control system, and the quantum control system outputs the corresponding pulse signal according to all waveform data.

[0053] It is conceivable that the waveform of the pulse signal sent by the host computer is Figure 1 Still attached Figure 2 The complexity and quantity of waveform data are very large. Moreover, when a pulse waveform in a combined pulse waveform needs to be optimized, the pulse waveform needs to be updated and the updated combined pulse waveform needs to be reissued, which greatly affects the efficiency of quantum computing.

[0054] It should be noted that the attached Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 The combined pulse waveform of the example is only an example. The pulse waveform of the applied single pulse signal and the specific parameters and waveform data of the combined pulse waveform need to be determined according to the quantum computing task to be performed, and will not be repeated in this embodiment.

[0055] Continue as attached Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 From the pulse signal waveform shown, it can be found that the waveform data of the pulse signal generally includes the amplitude of the low level, the waveform data of the rising edge and the falling edge, and the amplitude of the high level, wherein the low level amplitude and the high level amplitude are both fixed values, and the waveform data of the rising edge and the falling edge are generally linear, and the correspondence between the time and amplitude of the pulse signal can be represented by coefficients, that is, the waveform data of the rising edge and the falling edge are both represented in the form of coefficients, and the coefficients of the rising edge and the falling edge are opposite.

[0056] As attached Figure 3As shown, in an embodiment of the present application, an instruction processing system is proposed for outputting waveform data of a pulse signal for manipulating a spin quantum bit, including: a communication module 10, for receiving a waveform parameter instruction sent by a host computer; wherein the waveform parameter instruction includes a first parameter, a second parameter and a waveform coefficient of the rising edge and the falling edge of the pulse signal; a preset parameter configuration module 20, for configuring the first parameter and the second parameter; wherein the first parameter is a preset amplitude matching a sampling point, and the second parameter is the amplitude of the high level of the pulse signal; a waveform data generation module 30, for generating waveform data of a complete waveform of a pulse signal according to the first parameter, the second parameter and the waveform coefficient.

[0057] Specifically, the host computer receives the quantum computing task initiated by the user, and parses the quantum computing task to obtain the corresponding task instruction, wherein the task instruction is used to control the quantum measurement and control system to output a number of pulse control signals to the spin quantum bit, and the spin quantum bit performs a specific quantum computing task. The communication module 10 is a functional module integrated in the lower computer, which receives the waveform parameter instruction sent by the host computer and forwards it to the waveform data generation module 30, and the waveform data generation module 30 generates and outputs the waveform data of the complete cycle of the pulse signal according to the waveform parameter instruction. Therefore, the waveform parameter instruction includes parameter information of the pulse signal, such as the waveform coefficient of the rising edge and the falling edge, the amplitude of the high level, and the preset amplitude of the waveform data for matching the number of sampling points of the waveform data generation module 30. Based on this information, the waveform data of the complete cycle of the pulse signal can be determined.

[0058] The waveform data generation module 30 generates and outputs the waveform data of the complete cycle of the pulse signal, and the digital-to-analog conversion module outputs a specific pulse signal, such as DAC, according to the waveform data. Within the working clock cycle, the number of waveform data output by the waveform data generation module 30 needs to match the number of sampling points of the digital-to-analog conversion module. It is conceivable that the amount of waveform data of different pulse signals is different. When the number of waveform data output by the waveform data generation module 30 does not match the number of sampling points of the digital-to-analog conversion module, it is necessary to match the corresponding number of sampling points after the waveform data output by the waveform data generation module 30, and the amplitude of the matched sampling points is the preset amplitude; according to the number of waveform data, it is selected whether to match the corresponding number of sampling points to improve the integrity and accuracy of the waveform data.

[0059] For a combined signal including multiple pulse signal waveforms, the host computer can issue waveform parameter instructions for each pulse signal; when the waveforms of multiple pulse signals are the same, the waveform parameter instructions include the number of waveform repetitions and the signal interval; when the waveforms of multiple pulse signals are different, the waveform parameter instructions include the waveform coefficients of each waveform. Compared with the prior art where the host computer needs to issue all waveform data of the combined waveform, the use of waveform parameter instructions greatly reduces the time for issuing data and improves the efficiency of quantum computing; in addition, it can also avoid pre-storing all waveform data in the lower computer and occupying a large amount of memory.

[0060] It should be added that the above Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 The waveform of the trapezoidal waveform is taken as an example, which includes a rising edge, a falling edge, and a high-level state, wherein the waveform coefficients of the rising edge and the falling edge are in opposite directions. For a trapezoidal waveform, the waveform parameter instruction includes the waveform coefficients of the rising edge and the falling edge and a fixed high-level amplitude. Different waveform coefficients correspond to pulse signals with different pulse periods. Moreover, when the pulse signal needs to be adjusted, the waveform parameter instruction issued can be adjusted, which is conducive to improving the efficiency of quantum computing.

[0061] When the configuration module is used to configure the parameters in the waveform parameter instruction, the preset parameter configuration module includes a first parameter configuration module and a second parameter configuration module; the first parameter configuration module is used to configure the first parameter; the second parameter configuration module is used to configure the second parameter. The waveform data generation module generates waveform data of several different pulse signals, and when the number of sampling points in the last working clock cycle is insufficient, waveform data of uniform amplitude is usually supplemented, which is not affected by the pulse signal and the quantum computing task, and a fixed preset amplitude can be used.

[0062] For the pulse signal applied to the spin quantum bit, the high level amplitude of the pulse signal of different two-bit gates or different experiments is different, which needs to be determined according to the quantum computing task, so the second parameter needs to be set accordingly. The first parameter configuration module and the second parameter configuration module are respectively configured for the first parameter and the second parameter and sent to the waveform data generation module to generate waveform data of the pulse signal with various parameter requirements; different functional modules are used to configure different types of parameters respectively, so as to improve the configuration efficiency of the parameters and thus improve the efficiency of quantum computing.

[0063] In addition, the instruction processing system also includes an instruction distribution module, which is used to send the first parameter, the second parameter and the waveform coefficient to the first parameter configuration module, the second parameter configuration module and the waveform data generation module respectively. Specifically, the waveform parameter instruction received by the communication module includes multiple types of parameters, among which the waveform coefficient is the main parameter for generating the waveform data of the complete cycle of the pulse signal. It is necessary to generate a number of waveform data with continuous amplitudes according to the waveform coefficient to form the waveform of the rising edge and the falling edge; the second parameter is the amplitude of the high level of each pulse signal, which is determined according to the quantum computing task, and the first parameter is a preset amplitude, which can be set arbitrarily. The first parameter configuration module, the second parameter configuration module and the waveform data generation module are used to respectively configure the parameters contained in the waveform parameter instruction, and the instruction distribution module is used to forward them respectively according to the parameter type in the waveform parameter instruction, so as to improve the working efficiency of each functional module and thus improve the efficiency of quantum computing.

[0064] In one embodiment of the present application, the waveform coefficient includes the starting amplitude, amplitude increment, and total waveform data of the rising and falling edges of the pulse signal waveform. Specifically, for the signal parameters of each pulse signal that needs to be applied to the spin quantum bit, the host computer determines it according to the task when receiving the quantum computing task, that is, the starting amplitude, high-level amplitude, and amplitude increment of each pulse signal are determined in the host computer; wherein, the amplitude of each waveform data is increasing in the rising edge stage, and different pulse signal waveforms can be determined according to the amplitude increment between the waveform data of two adjacent signal waveforms.

[0065] The host computer determines the total amount of waveform data contained in the rising edge waveform according to the starting amplitude, the amplitude of the high level and the amplitude increment, and sends the total amount of waveform data to the waveform data generation module, which generates the corresponding amount of waveform data. For example, if the starting amplitude is 0mv, the amplitude increment is 10mv, and the amplitude of the high level is 2000mv, the total amount of waveform data on the rising edge is 200. The waveform data generation module outputs 10 waveform data in each clock cycle according to the working clock frequency, and outputs a total of 200 waveform data, which can ensure that the amplitude of the high level is 2000mv.

[0066] The starting amplitude and amplitude increment of the rising edge are determined in the upper computer, and the total amount of waveform data of the rising edge is determined according to the amplitude of the high level of the pulse signal, and sent to the waveform data generation module together. When generating waveform data, the waveform data generation module outputs a corresponding amount of waveform data according to the starting amplitude and the amplitude increment. When the corresponding total amount of waveform data is output, the amplitude of the last waveform data is the amplitude of the high level of the rising edge; thus, it is avoided that the high level amplitude is calculated in the instruction processing system of the lower computer, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the efficiency of quantum computing is improved.

[0067] When the host computer determines the amplitude increment of the rising edge of the pulse signal waveform, it is determined according to the pulse period of the rising edge of the pulse signal to be applied, wherein the shorter the pulse period, the greater the amplitude increment. The waveform data generation module has a working clock period, and the amount of waveform data output in each working clock period is fixed.

[0068] When the waveform parameter instruction includes the starting amplitude, the amplitude increment, and the total amount of waveform data, the waveform data generation module is used to generate the waveform data of the complete waveform of the nanosecond pulse signal according to the starting amplitude, the amplitude increment, and the total amount of waveform data of the rising edge and the falling edge. When the waveform data is generated in the waveform data generation module, the specific amplitude of each waveform data is determined according to the starting amplitude, the amplitude increment, and the total amount of current waveform data. Specifically, the amplitude of the waveform data of the rising edge increases linearly, and the amplitudes of the two adjacent waveform data have increments. For each waveform data, the amplitude increment is superimposed in sequence. For example, the second waveform data is the sum of the starting amplitude and the amplitude increment, and the third waveform data is the sum of the second waveform data and the amplitude increment. It can be understood that the waveform data of the falling edge of the pulse signal can also be obtained in the same way, and this embodiment will not be repeated.

[0069] As attached Figure 4 The waveform data generation module shown in the figure outputs waveform data. The 1-10 in the left column indicates that the data generation module outputs 10 waveform data in a single clock cycle. The 4 columns on the right are the waveform data output by the data generation module. Among them, 10 in the first column is the starting amplitude, the amplitude increment is 10, the total amount of waveform data sent by the host computer is 35, and the corresponding end amplitude is 350. By adjusting the amplitude increment, the pulse period of the rising edge can be adjusted.

[0070] As attached Figure 5 The waveform data generation module outputs the rising edge waveform data shown in the figure. The three oblique lines correspond to different amplitude increments. Figure 4 It can be found that by setting the amplitude increment, the rising edge of different pulse periods can be achieved, meeting the control requirements of the spin quantum bit.

[0071] It should be noted that the amplitude of the linearly superimposed waveform data can be expressed by a linear function, y=kx+b, where x is the total amount of current waveform data, k is the slope, and b is the starting amplitude. The slope is used to represent the amplitude increment of adjacent waveform data. By adjusting and setting the amplitude increment, a rising edge or falling edge waveform with different linear growth rates can be obtained. In actual implementation, the host computer does not directly send the slope parameter, but the starting amplitude, amplitude increment and total amount of waveform data. The waveform data generation module generates a rising edge waveform and a falling edge waveform that conform to the linear law.

[0072] The sampling rate of the digital-to-analog conversion module is usually above 1 GHz, and the number of waveform data output by the waveform data generation module matches the sampling rate of the digital-to-analog conversion module, that is, at least one waveform data is transmitted every 1 nanosecond. The waveform data of two adjacent continuously increasing rising edges or the waveform data of two adjacent continuously decreasing falling edges are generated by the starting amplitude and the amplitude increment. By setting different amplitude increments, the requirements of pulse signals with different pulse times at the nanosecond level can be met.

[0073] In another embodiment of the present application, the waveform coefficient includes the starting amplitude of the rising edge and the falling edge of the pulse signal waveform, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment and the total amount of waveform data. In this embodiment, the waveform data of each amplitude is repeated multiple times and then increases. For example, the amplitude of the first waveform data is the starting amplitude, and it is repeated N times and increases to the second amplitude, that is, the first waveform data is repeated N times, and the amplitude of the waveform data during the repetition is always the starting amplitude; the second amplitude is repeated N times and then increases to the third amplitude, and so on, each waveform data is repeated N times until the total amount of waveform data reaches the total amount of waveform data in the waveform parameter instruction issued by the host computer.

[0074] Reference Figure 6 An example of a waveform data increment and repetition method, V0 represents the starting amplitude, △V represents the amplitude increment, and the amplitude is repeated 6 times. Figure 6 It can be found that the amplitude of the waveform data increases very slowly, which is more obvious when it corresponds to the rising edge of the pulse signal. Figure 7 The dashed line shown in the figure can be used to represent the rising edge of the pulse signal. The rising edge of different pulse periods can be achieved by setting different amplitude repetition times, which can be determined based on the parameters of the pulse signal of the spin quantum bit experiment.

[0075] When the waveform parameter instruction includes the starting amplitude, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment, and the total amount of waveform data, the waveform data generation module is used to generate waveform data of a complete waveform of a millisecond-level pulse signal based on the starting amplitude, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment and the total amount of waveform data of the rising edge and the falling edge.

[0076] Combined with Figure 6 The waveform data increment and repetition mode shown in the figure shows that the larger the amplitude repetition times are, the slower the amplitude of the waveform data increments, and the longer the pulse period corresponding to the rising edge of the pulse signal. By setting the amplitude repetition times, the pulse period of the pulse signal in milliseconds can be achieved, which is used to match the pulse signal required by the CPMG experiment and the RB experiment.

[0077] It should be added that the waveform data input to the digital-to-analog conversion module is as shown in the attached Figure 7 The high-resolution amplitude information shown in the figure, the sampling rate of the digital-to-analog conversion module is usually above 1G, so the accuracy of the amplitude signal of the waveform data is at the nanosecond level, showing a step-shaped pattern; and when the pulse signal output by the digital-to-analog conversion module is tested with the same resolution, its signal waveform will also be as shown in the attached figure. Figure 6 When testing the pulse signal with millisecond measurement accuracy, the test waveform is as follows: Figure 7 A straight line in the form of a dashed line in the example.

[0078] In a quantum computer, both the host computer module and the slave computer module operate according to a preset working clock; the instruction processing system also has a working clock frequency, that is, the waveform data generation module outputs waveform data according to the preset working clock frequency, wherein the derivative of the working clock frequency is the clock period of the waveform data generation module, and the waveform data generation module outputs a first quantity of waveform data in each clock period; wherein the first quantity is equal to the quotient of the sampling rate of the digital-to-analog conversion module and the working clock frequency of the waveform data generation module.

[0079] The functional modules in the instruction processing system all work according to the working clock frequency, and the clock cycle is a derivative relationship with the working clock frequency; the digital-to-analog conversion module is used to output the corresponding pulse signal according to the waveform data. Specifically, the waveform data output by the waveform data generation module is sent to the digital-to-analog conversion module, which converts it into a specific pulse signal and outputs it. The digital-to-analog conversion module can use DAC. For the digital-to-analog conversion module, it has a preset sampling rate. The first number of waveform data output by the waveform data generation module in a single clock cycle needs to match the number of sampling points of the digital-to-analog conversion module.

[0080] For example, the sampling rate of the digital-to-analog conversion module is 1GHz, and the working clock frequency of the waveform data generation module is 100MHz. Therefore, the waveform data generation module needs to output 10 waveform data as sampling points of the digital-to-analog conversion module in each clock cycle, which is used to match the number of sampling points of the waveform data generation module and the digital-to-analog conversion module to ensure the accuracy of the pulse signal output by the digital-to-analog conversion module.

[0081] When the waveform data generation module generates and outputs waveform data, the working state is determined according to the number of amplitude repetitions and the first quantity. It is understandable that the waveform data generation module outputs the first number of waveform data in each clock cycle; and each waveform data has a number of repetitions, that is, the waveform data generated by the waveform data generation module in one clock cycle may be of the same amplitude or different amplitudes, which needs to be determined according to the number of amplitude repetitions and the first quantity. In the embodiment of the present application, according to the comparative relationship between the number of amplitude repetitions and the first quantity, the waveform data generation module generates and outputs waveform data according to different working states, thereby improving the generation efficiency of waveform data and thus improving the efficiency of quantum computing.

[0082] In one embodiment, when the number of amplitude repetitions is the same as the first number, the waveform data generation module is in the first working state. When the waveform data generation module is in the first working state, waveform data of the number of amplitude repetitions is output in each clock cycle. It is understandable that when the number of amplitude repetitions is the same as the first number, the waveform data generation module generates the first number of waveform data of the same amplitude in each clock cycle, matching the number of amplitude repetitions; in the next clock cycle, waveform data of the next amplitude of the first number is generated. In this working state, the waveform data generation module has a simple working mode, and the waveform data generation and output efficiency is high, which is conducive to improving the efficiency of the output pulse signal, thereby improving the efficiency of quantum computing.

[0083] Attach Figure 8 As an example, the waveform data generated by the waveform data generation module when the number of amplitude repetitions is the same as the first number is described. The 1-10 in the left column indicates that the waveform data generation module outputs 10 waveform data in a single clock cycle, that is, the first number; the 6 columns on the right are the waveform data output by the waveform data generation module, where the number of amplitude repetitions is also 10. The 10 in the first column is the starting amplitude, and the amplitude increment is 10. The waveform data of each amplitude is repeated 10 times in each clock cycle, which is exactly equal to the first number; the corresponding waveform data can be generated according to the amplitude increment in each clock cycle.

[0084] In another embodiment, when the number of amplitude repetitions is greater than the first number, the waveform data generation module is in the second working state or the third working state. Specifically, when the waveform data generation module is in the second working state, the waveform data generation module outputs waveform data of the same amplitude whose number is an integer multiple of the first number; when the waveform data generation module is in the third working state, the waveform data generation module outputs the remaining number of waveform data to the number of amplitude repetitions.

[0085] It can be understood that the amount of waveform data generated by the waveform data generation module in each clock cycle is a fixed first number. When the number of amplitude repetitions is greater than the first number, the waveform data of the same amplitude cannot be fully output within several clock cycles, and only the first number of waveform data of the same amplitude can be output. It is necessary to continue to output the remaining number of waveform data of the amplitude in the next clock cycle, and the working state of the waveform data generation module is divided into the second working state and the third working state in turn.

[0086] Specifically, when the waveform data generation module is in the second working state, the waveform data outputted in several clock cycles are of the same amplitude; when the waveform data generation module is in the third working state, it outputs the remaining number of waveform data of the amplitude in one clock cycle. Therefore, when the waveform data generation module generates the current number of waveform data of the same amplitude in each clock cycle, it determines whether the remaining number of waveform data of the amplitude is greater than the first number. When it is greater than the first number, it enters the second working state and outputs the first number of waveform data of the amplitude in the next clock cycle; when the remaining number is less than the first number, it enters the third working state and outputs the remaining number of waveform data of the amplitude in the next clock cycle.

[0087] When executing the test task, the pulse time of the pulse signal is long, the amplitude is repeated many times and needs to be adjusted at will. By dividing the working state of the waveform data generation module into the second working state and the third working state, and outputting the waveform data of the corresponding amplitude in the corresponding state, the continuity and accuracy of the waveform data output by the waveform data generation module are ensured, thereby improving the accuracy of the pulse signal and the accuracy of quantum computing.

[0088] Attach Fig. 9 As an example, the waveform data generated by the waveform data generation module when the number of amplitude repetitions is greater than the first number is described. 1-10 in the left column indicates that the waveform data generation module outputs 10 waveform data in a single clock cycle, that is, the first number; the 7 columns on the right are the waveform data output by the waveform data generation module, where the number of amplitude repetitions is 13 times. 10 in the first column is the starting amplitude, and the amplitude increment is 10. In the first clock cycle and the fifth clock cycle, the waveform data generation module is in the second working state, and the output waveform data has the same amplitude; the remaining clock cycles are in the third working state, and the amplitude of the output waveform data is different, with an amplitude increment.

[0089] In addition, Fig. 9 This is only a partial example. After the 7th column of waveform data, there are also waveform data that are not shown. In specific implementation, it needs to be determined based on the total amount of waveform data.

[0090] It should be noted that the attached Fig. 9This is only an example of an amplitude repetition number of 13. The amplitude repetition number can be 16 times, 23 times, or other more times. Regardless of how many times it is repeated, the second working state or the third working state is entered according to the relationship between the amplitude repetition number and the integer multiple of the first number to output waveform data of each amplitude. Among them, when the waveform data generation module generates waveform data of the same amplitude of the current number in each clock cycle, it will determine whether the remaining number of waveform data of the amplitude is an integer multiple of the first number, and enter the second working state or the third working state according to the judgment result.

[0091] The waveform data generation module outputs a first quantity of waveform data in each clock cycle. When the quantity of waveform data to be output in the last clock cycle is less than the first quantity, the waveform data generation module is also used to supplement the waveform data with an amplitude of the first parameter to the first quantity in the last clock cycle based on the total amount of waveform data.

[0092] For example, the sampling rate of the signal generation module is 1GHz, and the number of waveform data output per clock cycle is 10. When the total amount of waveform data of the rising edge sent by the host computer is 200, since the number of waveform data output per clock cycle is 10, the waveform data generation module can output exactly 200 waveform data in the first 20 clock cycles. At this time, there is no need to supplement the waveform data, and it can be directly output. When the total number of waveform data of the rising edge is 204, that is, the waveform data generation module needs to output 200 waveform data in the first 20 clock cycles, and output the last 4 waveform data in the 21st clock cycle. Obviously, the waveform data output in the 21st clock cycle does not meet the number of 10, so it is necessary to continue to supplement 6 waveform data. Among them, the amplitude of the supplemented 6 waveform data can be a fixed value or a preset amplitude, which can be set according to the specific scenario and requirements.

[0093] In addition, the preset amplitude of the waveform data that needs to be supplemented is generally sent from the host computer to the preset parameter configuration module, and sent to the waveform data generation module after the configuration is completed. When the waveform data generation module determines that the sampling point data needs to be supplemented, the waveform data generation module supplements it according to the preset amplitude.

[0094] Attach Fig.10As an example, the waveform data generated by the waveform data generation module is illustrated, the left column 1-10 indicates that the waveform data generation module outputs 10 waveform data in a single clock cycle, i.e., the first quantity; the right 7 columns are the waveform data output by the waveform data generation module, among which 10 in the first column is the starting amplitude, the amplitude increment is 10, the amplitude is repeated 13 times, the total number of waveform data is 65, and the amount of waveform data with an amplitude of 50 output in the last clock cycle is less than 10, then 5 waveform data need to be supplemented, and the preset amplitude of the supplemented waveform data is set to 10.

[0095] In the embodiment of the present application, the communication module, the preset parameter configuration module and the waveform data generation module are all functional modules integrated in the FPGA. By integrating the communication module, the preset parameter configuration module and the waveform data generation module in the FPGA, the communication module is connected to the host computer by communication, and the corresponding waveform data is generated according to the waveform parameter instruction issued by the host computer and sent to the digital-to-analog conversion module; and the waveform parameter instruction can be adjusted in real time according to the control needs, and the waveform data of the pulse signal of various requirements can be output. Among them, the digital-to-analog conversion module can use DAC, communicate with the waveform data generation module in the FPGA, and output the corresponding pulse waveform according to the received waveform data.

[0096] In addition to receiving waveform parameter instructions, the communication module is also used to receive clock signals and reset signals and distribute them to the preset parameter configuration module and the waveform data generation module. The clock signal is used to unify the working clock information of the preset parameter configuration module and the waveform data generation module. In addition, the clock signal is also unified with the working clock of the digital-to-analog conversion module to ensure the accuracy of the pulse signal output by the digital-to-analog conversion module based on the waveform data; the reset signal is used to reset the internal integrated functional modules when the FPGA is powered on.

[0097] In the above embodiments and drawings, the waveform data generation of the rising edge of the pulse signal is mainly described as an example. The waveform data of the falling edge is generated in the same way as the rising edge. The waveform data of the falling edge is also generated according to the starting amplitude, amplitude repetition times, amplitude increment and total amount of waveform data in the waveform parameter instruction. The complete waveform data of the pulse waveform is then determined based on the amplitude and duration of the high level of the pulse signal.

[0098] As attached Fig.11 As shown, based on the same application concept, an embodiment of the present application also provides a quantum control system, including any one of the above-mentioned instruction processing systems 2, host computer system 1, and signal generating system 3; the host computer system 1 is used to receive quantum computing tasks and issue corresponding waveform parameter instructions; the instruction processing system 2 is used to output waveform data of a pulse signal according to the waveform parameter instruction; the signal generating system 3 is used to output a corresponding pulse signal according to the waveform data.

[0099] The quantum computing task is received by the host computer system 1, and the waveform parameter instruction of the corresponding pulse signal is determined according to the quantum computing task to be performed, and the instruction processing system 2 in the lower computer generates waveform data of various pulse signal waveforms, and the corresponding pulse signal is output by the signal generation system 3; avoiding the host computer system 1 from sending the complete waveform data of each pulse waveform, greatly reducing the amount of data sent by the host computer system 1, and improving the efficiency of quantum computing.

[0100] Based on the same application concept, an embodiment of the present application also provides a quantum computer, including the above-mentioned quantum control system and a quantum processor, wherein the quantum processor performs quantum calculations based on a pulse signal output by the quantum control system.

[0101] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example" or "specific example" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

[0102] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present application and do not have any limiting effect on the present application. Any technical personnel in the relevant technical field, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present application, may make any form of equivalent replacement or modification to the technical solution and technical content disclosed in the present application, which shall be deemed as the content of the technical solution of the present application and still fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An instruction processing system for outputting waveform data of a pulse signal for manipulating a quantum bit, characterized in that: include: A communication module, used for receiving a waveform parameter instruction sent by a host computer; wherein the waveform parameter instruction includes a first parameter, a second parameter and a waveform coefficient of a rising edge and a falling edge of a pulse signal; A preset parameter configuration module, used to configure the first parameter and the second parameter; wherein the first parameter is a preset amplitude of a matching sampling point, and the second parameter is an amplitude of a high level of the pulse signal; The waveform data generating module is used to generate waveform data of a complete waveform of a pulse signal according to the first parameter, the second parameter and the waveform coefficient.

2. The instruction processing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preset parameter configuration module includes a first parameter configuration module and a second parameter configuration module; The first parameter configuration module is used to configure the first parameter; The second parameter configuration module is used to configure the second parameter.

3. The instruction processing system according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes an instruction distribution module for sending the first parameter, the second parameter and the waveform coefficient to the first parameter configuration module, the second parameter configuration module and the waveform data generation module respectively.

4. The instruction processing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waveform coefficients include the starting amplitude, amplitude increment, and total amount of waveform data of the rising edge and falling edge of the pulse signal waveform.

5. The instruction processing system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The waveform data generating module is used to generate waveform data of a complete waveform of a nanosecond-level pulse signal according to the starting amplitude, amplitude increment, and total amount of waveform data of the rising edge and the falling edge.

6. The instruction processing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waveform coefficients include the starting amplitude of the rising edge and the falling edge of the pulse signal waveform, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment and the total amount of waveform data.

7. The instruction processing system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The waveform data generation module is used to generate waveform data of a complete waveform of a millisecond-level pulse signal according to the starting amplitude of the rising edge and the falling edge, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment and the total amount of waveform data.

8. The instruction processing system according to claim 5 or 7, wherein the waveform data generation module outputs a first amount of waveform data per clock cycle; wherein, The first number is equal to the quotient of the sampling rate of the digital-to-analog conversion module and the working clock frequency of the waveform data generation module.

9. The instruction processing system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The waveform data generating module is further used to fill in the waveform data with an amplitude of the first parameter to the first quantity in the last clock cycle according to the total amount of waveform data.

10. The instruction processing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The communication module, the preset parameter configuration module and the waveform data generation module are all functional modules integrated into the FPGA.

11. A quantum control system, characterized in that: It comprises the instruction processing system, the host computer system, and the signal generating system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10; The host computer system is used to receive quantum computing tasks and issue corresponding waveform parameter instructions; The instruction processing system is used to output waveform data of the pulse signal according to the waveform parameter instruction; The signal generating system is used to output a corresponding pulse signal according to the waveform data.

12. A quantum computer, characterized in that: The invention comprises the quantum control system and a quantum processor as claimed in claim 11, wherein the quantum processor performs quantum calculation based on the pulse signal output by the quantum control system.

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