Ecological ridge construction method suitable for paddy field and paddy-upland rotation field

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for constructing an ecological ridge suitable for a paddy field and a paddy-upland rotation field. The method comprises the steps of ecological ridge specification, plant selection and ecological ridge construction. By formulating an ecological ridge construction technology, the green ecological environment of the farmland can be improved, the self-control capability of the farmland ecological system is continuously improved, finally, the purpose of green prevention and control is achieved, the occurrence of diseases, weeds and weeds is effectively controlled, and the safety of grains is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical fields of horticulture, botany and entomology, and in particular to a method for constructing ecological ridges suitable for paddy fields and water-dry rotation fields. Background Art

[0002] Ridges are an important infrastructure for farmland. In addition to dividing fields, retaining water for irrigation, and providing walking space for workers, ridges are also habitats for a variety of organisms and are an important part of the farmland ecosystem. Ridges can be the source of a variety of weeds, pests and diseases, and even voles, and can also be a place for natural enemies such as parasitic wasps to hide, live, and reproduce. Building green ecological ridges, giving full play to the ecological and production functions of ridges, inhibiting the reproduction of weeds, pests and diseases, and protecting and utilizing natural enemies are necessary measures to promote the ecological development of green farmland and improve agricultural ecological protection, and are also an important part of high-standard farmland construction. Building farmland ridges with healthy ecological functions is also of great significance for improving land utilization, improving the ecological environment, and increasing farmers' income.

[0003] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a safe and economical method for constructing ecological ridges in rice fields and water-dry rotation fields. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention provides a safe and economical method for constructing ecological ridges in paddy fields and water-dry rotation fields.

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing an ecological ridge suitable for paddy fields and water-dry rotation fields, comprising ecological ridge specifications, plant selection and ecological ridge construction, and the specific steps of the method are as follows:

[0006] Step 1. Specifications of ecological ridges: Ecological ridges are earth ridges, compacted and reinforced; the height is 20cm to 30cm, and the width is greater than 30cm;

[0007] Step 2: Plant selection: Select herbaceous and woody plants that are economical, flower-producing, insect-attracting, and nectar-producing;

[0008] Step 3: Construct ecological ridges: mix clover and alfalfa, plant insect-attracting plants, plant nectar-producing plants, plant roses, and sow clover in fish ponds and dams.

[0009] Furthermore, the specific steps of step 3 are as follows:

[0010] Step 31, mixed sowing of clover and alfalfa: In autumn and spring every year, choose a sunny day to use glyphosate to kill weeds such as Alternanthera philoxeroides on the ridges of rice fields. After 7 days, apply 2kg / 667m 2The sowing amount was mixed with white clover and alfalfa seeds, the soil was not loosened before sowing, and no mulch was applied after sowing, and no fertilizer or pesticide was applied;

[0011] Step 32, Planting insect-attracting plants: In spring, when white clover and alfalfa have grown into seedlings, plant a clump of vetiver grass on the ridge every 5m to 8m, irrigate with enough water, and do not apply fertilizer;

[0012] Step 33, planting nectar plants: In early May and late October, selectively plant nectar plants and cash crops according to the width of the local ridges; recommended crops for rice ridges are soybeans, okra, and sesame, and recommended crops for rice-wheat rotation ridges are broad beans and mulberry trees, with a planting distance of 1m to 1.5m per cluster;

[0013] Step 34, planting roses: There are fences around the ridges, and a bunch of roses are planted every 5m to 8m along the fences on the ridges, separated from the vetiver;

[0014] Step 35: Sow clover on the fish pond embankment: Where the fish pond embankment is prone to collapse, spread clover at 2kg / 667m 2 White clover seeds were sown at a sowing rate of 0.5m width along the slope of the embankment.

[0015] The present invention has the following advantages: The present invention provides an ecological ridge construction technology, which can improve the green ecological environment of farmland, continuously improve the self-control ability of the farmland ecosystem, and ultimately achieve the purpose of green prevention and control, effectively control the occurrence of pests and diseases, and ensure the safe production of grain. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is a dynamic change diagram of clover dry matter in Jiangyou, Sichuan and Hengnan, Hunan from 2016 to 2017 in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a dynamic change diagram of crude protein, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of clover in Jiangyou, Sichuan and Hengnan, Hunan from 2016 to 2017 in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the effect of the dam being reinforced by the method of the present invention in the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the types and numbers of natural enemies on the ecological ridges of the wheat field in Example 3 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] Embodiment 1:

[0021] In early April every year, choose a sunny day to use glyphosate to remove existing weeds on the land. Seven days after application, sow clover in the land, 2 kg per mu. Do not loosen the soil before sowing, do not cover after sowing, and do not apply fertilizers and pesticides after sowing. The clover can be sown on the ridges of rice fields. After sowing the clover, rice can continue to be planted in the field.

[0022] The following is a test to evaluate the nitrogen fixation and phosphorus and potassium absorption capacity of clover:

[0023] From July 2016 to July 2017, 12 1.0m*0.3m (length*width) clover-covered ridge sections were selected. The aboveground part of the clover in the selected area was cut every three weeks, weeds and impurities were removed, and then washed with tap water. After being fixed at 105℃ for 15min, it was then dried at 70℃ for 24h. The dry weight of the clover at each collection point was weighed, and the samples were crushed and stored in a -20℃ refrigerator for later use. The samples were mixed before further analysis. The dried and crushed clover samples collected in the same quarter and at the same location were completely mixed, and 100 grams of the sample were weighed to determine the crude protein content. The measurement method was based on the National Food Safety Standard Determination of Protein in Food (GB5009.5-2016); the samples were sent to the Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences to determine the N, P, and K contents. The measurement methods were based on the NY / T2419-2013 automatic nitrogen determination method for total nitrogen content in plants, the NY / T2421-2013 molybdenum antimony colorimetric method for total phosphorus content in plants, and the NY / T2420-2013 flame photometer method for total potassium content in plants.

[0024] After one year of mowing, the average dry weight of white clover per square meter in Jiangyou and Hengnan was 69.46g and 129.49g respectively. Figure 1 As shown, it can be seen that the highest dry matter mass of clover in the first year in Jiangyou, Sichuan, appeared in July of the first harvest, and then gradually decreased, reaching the lowest in November, December and January of the following year, and then gradually increased. The dry matter harvested in May, June and July of the following year was significantly higher than that in other months (P<0.05). In Hengnan, Hunan, the dry matter harvest per unit area of ​​white clover also decreased after the first mowing, but its harvest gradually increased since August and reached a peak in April of the following year.

[0025] The crude protein content, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of clover samples from the two test sites in different seasons were analyzed, and it was found that their contents were significantly different in different locations and seasons. Among them, the crude protein and nitrogen contents of the mixed samples from January to March 2017 at the Sichuan Jiangyou test site were the highest, reaching 290g / kg and 47.87g / kg, which were significantly higher than the standard samples in other quarters (P<0.05). The changes in crude protein content in samples from different seasons were consistent with the nitrogen content; the phosphorus content was also the highest in the samples from January to March 2017, reaching 3.95g / kg, which was significantly higher than the samples collected in other periods (P<0.05); the potassium content was the highest in the samples from July to September 2016, reaching 27.29g / kg, which was significantly higher than other standard samples (P<0.05). The crude protein and nitrogen contents in the mixed samples from January to March 2017 in Hengnan, Hunan were the highest, reaching 207 g / kg and 39.73 g / kg respectively. There was no significant difference between the contents in April and June 2017, but significantly higher than the samples collected in other periods (P<0.05). The phosphorus and potassium contents were also the highest in the samples from April to June 2017, reaching 3.48 g / kg and 33 g / kg respectively. There was no significant difference between the contents in January and March 2017, but significantly higher than the samples collected in other periods (P<0.05). Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 The new multiple range method was used to analyze the significance of differences at the P = 0.05 level. The Student-t test was used to analyze the significance of crude protein / nitrogen / phosphorus / potassium in different experimental locations and the same sampling time period.

[0026] Combined with the dry matter weight of the samples, it can be found that each square meter of white clover at the Jiangyou test site absorbed and fixed a total of 41.568g of nitrogen from July 2016 to June of the following year, forming 252.89g of crude protein. The highest nitrogen absorption and fixation content was in January-March 2017, reaching 12.23g. During these 12 months, each square meter of white clover absorbed 3.781g of phosphorus and 26.311g of potassium, with the highest absorption in January-March 2017, reaching 1.12g and 7.948g respectively. In the above 12 months, the clover per square meter in the Hengnan test site absorbed and fixed 79.823g of nitrogen and formed 437.88g of crude protein. The highest nitrogen absorption and fixation was in the period from April to June 2017, reaching 27.1g. In these 12 months, the white clover per square meter absorbed 6.679g of phosphorus and 42.202g of potassium, with the highest absorption in the period from April to June 2017, reaching 2.49g and 23.57g respectively. The ability of the white clover per square meter to fix and absorb nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in different test sites was compared, and it was found that the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content fixed and absorbed by the clover in the Jiangyou test site throughout the year was lower than that in the Hengnan test site; in the same time period except for the first collection, the ability of the white clover per square meter in the Hengnan test site to fix nitrogen and absorb phosphorus and potassium was higher than that in the Jiangyou test site, except for the phosphorus and potassium absorption in July-September 2016.

[0027] Embodiment 2:

[0028] In early April every year, we choose a sunny day to use glyphosate to remove existing weeds on the land. Seven days after the application of the pesticide, we sow clover in the land, sowing 2kg per mu. Do not loosen the soil before sowing, do not cover after sowing, and do not apply fertilizers and pesticides after sowing. The land is prone to collapse. For example, in fish ponds and dams, we sow clover with a width of 0.5 meters along the slope of the dam.

[0029] The following is a test of the effect of clover on consolidating fish ponds and preventing collapse:

[0030] In early April 2018, we chose a sunny day to use glyphosate to control the existing weeds on the fish pond embankment. Seven days after the application, we sowed white clover on the embankment, spreading it along the slope of the embankment with a width of 0.5 meters, and sowing 2 kg per mu. We did not loosen the soil before sowing, did not cover it after sowing, and did not apply any fertilizers or pesticides.

[0031] In 2019, a survey on the effect of clover on embankment reinforcement was conducted and it was found that the embankments of fish ponds planted with clover did not collapse. Figure 3 As shown, the embankments that were not sown with clover collapsed severely.

[0032] Embodiment 3:

[0033] Since May 2013, more than 230 mu of nearly abandoned land in Yangtingba Village, Wudu Town, Jiangyou City, Sichuan Province has been transformed to build ecological ridges. Perennial clover and alfalfa are mixed on the ridges; a mulberry tree / rose is planted every 6-8 meters on the ridges, or a clump of vetiver is planted every 3-5 meters; okra, soybeans and sesame are planted on the ridges of rice fields; mulberry trees are planted on the ridges of water-dry rotation fields. The original vegetation on the ridges is retained in the control area with traditional control.

[0034] The following is an evaluation test on the types of natural enemies in wheat fields:

[0035] There are also differences in the types and numbers of natural enemies of wheat aphids under different ridge control measures. The ecological ridge area has the largest number and number of natural enemies, with 9 natural enemy insects, including spiders, aphid wasps, syrphid flies, ladybugs, lacewings, stink bugs, carabids, ichneumon wasps and bees; the number of spiders and ladybugs in this control area is significantly higher than that in other control measures areas, and lacewings, carabids, ichneumon wasps and bees are only found in this control area. The other conventional ridge measures areas all contain 5 natural enemy insects, such as Figure 4 shown.

[0036] The following is an evaluation test on the types of natural enemies in rice fields:

[0037] The parasitic natural enemies of rice fields in the ecological ridge area and the traditional ridge area were collected through Ma's network, and the types and numbers of parasitic natural enemies in different control areas were identified and counted. The parasitic wasp species identified in the green ecological ridge area include 7 superfamilies, 12 families, 2 subfamilies, and 90 species, as shown in Table 8, and the parasitic wasp species identified in the traditional ridge area include 5 superfamilies, 9 families, and 59 species, as shown in Table 9. The types and numbers of parasitic natural enemies in the ecological ridge are more than those in the traditional ridge area.

[0038] Embodiment 4:

[0039] Since May 2013, more than 230 mu of nearly abandoned land in Yangtingba Village, Wudu Town, Jiangyou City, Sichuan Province has been transformed to build ecological ridges. Perennial clover and alfalfa are mixed on the ridges; a mulberry tree / rose is planted every 6-8 meters on the ridges, or a clump of vetiver is planted every 3-5 meters; okra, soybeans and sesame are planted on the ridges of rice fields; mulberry trees are planted on the ridges of water-dry rotation fields. The original vegetation on the ridges is retained in the control area with traditional control.

[0040] The following is an evaluation test on the control of rice stem borers:

[0041] Since 2016, the occurrence and damage of rice borers in green ecological ridge areas and traditional ridge areas have been investigated every year in accordance with the "Rice Stem Borer Monitoring and Investigation Specification" (GB / T15792-2009). The number of borer eggs, dead cores, dead sheaths, insect-damaged plants, white ears and insect population in green ecological ridge areas are all less than those in traditional ridge areas and farmers' private plots.

[0042] Table 1 shows the competition experiment between clover and Alternanthera philoxeroides in 2017-2018 - competition area, fresh weight and dry weight of clover / Alternanthera philoxeroides

[0043] Table 2 shows the investigation of borer damage at the Wudu base in Jiangyou in 2016

[0044] Table 3 shows the investigation of borer damage at the Wudu base in Jiangyou in 2017

[0045] Table 4 shows the investigation of borer damage at the Wudu base in Jiangyou in 2018

[0046] Table 5 shows the investigation of borer damage at the Wudu base in Jiangyou in 2019

[0047] Table 6 shows the investigation of borer damage at the Wudu base in Jiangyou in 2020

[0048] Table 7 shows the investigation of borer damage at the Wudu base in Jiangyou in 2021

[0049] Table 8 is a record of the diversity of parasitic natural enemies in the green ecological field ridge area of ​​Jiangyou, Sichuan

[0050] Table 9 is a record of the diversity of parasitic natural enemies in traditional field ridge areas in Jiangyou, Sichuan

[0051] Although the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Within the scope described in the claims, various modifications and variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative work still belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] Table 1

[0053]

[0054] Table 2

[0055] deal with Number of dead plants White spike rate Insect damage rate Traditional field area 16.906±1.757 4.269±0.263 1.320±0.238 Green ecological ridge area 17.446±1.437 1.608±0.798 0.843±0.154

[0056] Table 3

[0057]

[0058] Table 4

[0059]

[0060] Table 5

[0061]

[0062] Table 6

[0063]

[0064] Table 7

[0065]

[0066] Table 8

[0067]

[0068]

[0069]

[0070]

[0071]

[0072] Table 9

[0073]

[0074]

[0075]

[0076]

[0077]

Claims

1. A method for constructing ecological ridges suitable for paddy fields and water-dry rotation fields, comprising ecological ridge specifications, plant selection and ecological ridge construction, characterized in that: The specific steps of the method are as follows: Step 1. Specifications of ecological ridges: Ecological ridges are earth ridges, compacted and reinforced; the height is 20cm to 30cm, and the width is greater than 30cm; Step 2: Plant selection: Select herbaceous and woody plants that are economical, flower-producing, insect-attracting, and nectar-producing; Step 3: Construct ecological ridges: mix clover and alfalfa, plant insect attractants, plant nectar plants, plant roses, and sow clover on the embankments of fish ponds.

2. The method for constructing ecological ridges in paddy fields and water-land rotation fields as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of step 3 are as follows: Step 31, mixed sowing of clover and alfalfa: In autumn and spring every year, choose a sunny day to use glyphosate to kill weeds such as Alternanthera philoxeroides on the ridges of rice fields. After 7 days, apply 2kg / 667m 2 The sowing amount was mixed with white clover and alfalfa seeds, the soil was not loosened before sowing, and no mulch was applied after sowing, and no fertilizer or pesticide was applied; Step 32, Planting insect-attracting plants: In spring, when white clover and alfalfa have grown into seedlings, plant a clump of vetiver grass on the ridge every 5m to 8m, irrigate with enough water, and do not apply fertilizer; Step 33, planting nectar plants: In early May and late October, selectively plant nectar plants and cash crops according to the width of the local ridges; recommended crops for rice ridges are soybeans, okra, and sesame, and recommended crops for rice-wheat rotation ridges are broad beans and mulberry trees, with a planting distance of 1m to 1.5m per cluster; Step 34, planting roses: There are fences around the ridges, and a bunch of roses are planted every 5m to 8m along the fences on the ridges, separated from the vetiver; Step 35: Sow clover on the fish pond embankment: Where the fish pond embankment is prone to collapse, spread clover at 2kg / 667m 2 White clover seeds were sown at a sowing rate of 0.5m width along the slope of the embankment.

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