Method for ecologically regreening rock high and steep slope

Abstract

The invention discloses a rock high and steep slope ecological regreening method which comprises the following steps: spraying a fixed soil matrix on the surface of a rock high and steep slope to form a soil matrix layer; soaking the herbal seeds and the shrub seeds respectively, then mixing the herbal seeds and the shrub seeds with the soil matrix, and performing spray seeding on the surface of the soil matrix layer to form a seed layer; an irrigation pipe network is laid on the rock high and steep slope for irrigation; nutrient substances are supplemented once in spring and autumn every year; according to the method disclosed by the invention, by limiting the raw materials and proportion of the soil matrix, the soil matrix is more scientific to prepare, sufficient large, medium and trace elements and organic matters required by plant growth are ensured, and a healthy soil ecology is constructed; herbaceous seeds and shrub seeds are sown together, survival is facilitated, evergreen in four seasons can be achieved, and the adaptability and the landscape effect of green plants are improved; and through scientific arrangement of irrigation facilities and fine later maintenance, long-term effective regreening of the side slope is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological restoration technology for steep slopes, specifically to a method for ecological revegetation of steep rock slopes. Background Technology

[0002] Road construction, water conservancy projects, tourism development, and mining have created numerous steep slopes. The vegetation on these cliffside cliffs has been severely damaged, rocks are exposed, topsoil has been stripped away, soil erosion is serious, and safety hazards are prominent.

[0003] With the development of mining and urban construction, the ecological restoration of steep rock slopes has become an important issue. Current technologies mainly rely on engineering methods for slope stabilization and topsoil spraying, but these methods have the following shortcomings: 1. Poor soil substrate quality: Traditional methods use soil substrates with unbalanced nutrients, leading to weak vegetation growth in the later stages; 2. Limited plant species: A lack of reasonable plant combinations makes it impossible to achieve year-round greenery; 3. Inadequate irrigation and drainage facilities: This easily causes slope erosion and soil loss; 4. Insufficient post-replanting maintenance: A lack of scientific and systematic maintenance measures affects the revegetation effect.

[0004] In view of this, the present invention is hereby proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for ecological revegetation of steep rock slopes. This method achieves long-term and effective revegetation of slopes by optimizing soil matrix preparation, rationally combining ecological species, scientifically deploying irrigation facilities, and meticulous post-maintenance.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned objectives of the present invention, the following technical solution is adopted:

[0007] The first aspect of this invention provides a method for ecological revegetation of steep rock slopes, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (a) A soil matrix is ​​sprayed onto the surface of a steep rock slope to form a soil matrix layer, wherein the soil matrix comprises the following components:

[0009] 1500-2500 kg of soil, 10-15 kg of compound fertilizer, 80-120 g of micronutrient fertilizer, 200-300 kg of organic fertilizer, 80-150 g of microbial inoculant, 4-6 kg of water-retaining agent, and 4-6 kg of binder;

[0010] (b) Soak the herb seeds and shrub seeds separately, then mix the herb seeds and shrub seeds with the soil substrate and spray them on the surface of the soil substrate layer to form a seed layer;

[0011] (c) Laying irrigation pipe network and carrying out irrigation on steep rock slopes;

[0012] (d) Supplement nutrients once each in spring and autumn.

[0013] Preferably, the method for ecological restoration of steep rock slopes further includes excavating drainage ditches on a platform at the top of the steep rock slope.

[0014] Preferably, the thickness of the soil matrix layer is 8–12 cm.

[0015] Preferably, the compound fertilizer is a 25-10-5 nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer.

[0016] Preferably, the micronutrient fertilizer comprises the following components by mass percentage:

[0017] Iron ≥12.8%, Zinc ≥14.5%, Manganese ≥12.5%, Copper ≥15.5%, Calcium ≥9.5%, Magnesium ≥5.8%, Boron ≥2.0%, Molybdenum ≥0.1%, and Cobalt ≥0.1%.

[0018] Preferably, the microbial agent comprises the following parts by weight of bacterial strains:

[0019] 2-4 parts of Bacillus megaterium, 10-20 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 4-6 parts of Azotobacter chrysophyllariae, and 2-4 parts of Bacillus subtilis.

[0020] Preferably, the seed mass ratio of the herbaceous seeds to the shrub seeds is 10:(1-2); the sowing rate is 3-6 g / m². 2 .

[0021] Preferably, the thickness of the seed layer is 2 to 5 cm.

[0022] Preferably, the nutrients comprise the following components in parts by weight:

[0023] 1-2 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 12-15 parts urea, and 0.1-0.2 parts microbial inoculant.

[0024] Preferably, the amount of nutrient supplemented is 200-300 g / m³. 2 .

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include at least the following:

[0026] The present invention provides a method for ecological revegetation of steep rock slopes. By limiting the raw materials and proportions of the soil matrix, the soil matrix is ​​scientifically formulated to ensure sufficient macro-, meso-, and micro-elements and organic matter required for plant growth, thus creating a healthy soil ecosystem. Furthermore, by sowing herbaceous and shrub seeds together, the survival rate is improved, and the plants can remain evergreen throughout the year, enhancing their adaptability and landscape effect. In addition, reasonable irrigation and drainage facilities reduce the impact of rainwater erosion on the slope, preventing soil loss. Finally, continuous maintenance in the later stages enhances the long-term stability and sustainability of the revegetation project. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the examples. The following embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention more clearly, and are therefore only examples, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] It should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, the technical or scientific terms used in this application should have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0029] This invention provides a method for ecological revegetation of steep rock slopes, the method comprising the following steps:

[0030] (a) A soil matrix is ​​sprayed onto the surface of a steep rock slope to form a soil matrix layer, wherein the soil matrix comprises the following components:

[0031] 1500-2500 kg of soil, 10-15 kg of compound fertilizer, 80-120 g of micronutrient fertilizer, 200-300 kg of organic fertilizer, 80-150 g of microbial inoculant, 4-6 kg of water-retaining agent, and 4-6 kg of binder;

[0032] (b) Soak the herb seeds and shrub seeds separately, then mix the herb seeds and shrub seeds with the soil substrate and spray them on the surface of the soil substrate layer to form a seed layer;

[0033] (c) Laying irrigation pipe network and carrying out irrigation on steep rock slopes;

[0034] (d) Supplement nutrients once each in spring and autumn.

[0035] The present invention provides a method for ecological revegetation of steep rock slopes. By limiting the raw materials and proportions of the soil matrix, the soil matrix is ​​scientifically formulated to ensure sufficient macro-, meso-, and micro-elements and organic matter required for plant growth, thus creating a healthy soil ecosystem. Furthermore, by sowing herbaceous and shrub seeds together, the survival rate is improved, and the plants can remain evergreen throughout the year, enhancing their adaptability and landscape effect. In addition, reasonable irrigation and drainage facilities reduce the impact of rainwater erosion on the slope, preventing soil loss. Finally, continuous maintenance in the later stages enhances the long-term stability and sustainability of the revegetation project.

[0036] This invention uses an irrigation network for irrigation, following the principle of "frequent small water applications, even spraying, and preventing over-spraying". The frequency and amount of water spraying can be adjusted according to the season and weather conditions.

[0037] During the hot summer months, spray water twice a day; in spring and autumn, irrigate according to soil moisture; and in winter, water once before the soil freezes.

[0038] In one embodiment, the method for ecological revegetation of steep rock slopes further includes excavating drainage ditches on a platform at the top of the steep rock slope. During the revegetation process of steep rock slopes, the surface needs to be treated into a stepped terrain, and drainage ditches are set up on the platforms on the steps to prevent water erosion.

[0039] In one embodiment, the drainage ditch is wider than 30cm, the bottom of the ditch is sloping, the inner depth is not less than 15cm, and the outer depth is not less than 10cm.

[0040] In one embodiment, the drainage ditch is shaped as "high in the middle and low at both ends", which facilitates the rapid discharge of rainwater and silt and avoids the erosion of the lower slope by the upper rainwater and silt.

[0041] In one embodiment, the thickness of the soil matrix layer can be 8 to 12 cm, specifically 8 cm, 10 cm or 12 cm.

[0042] In one embodiment, the compound fertilizer is a 25-10-5 nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer.

[0043] In one embodiment, the micronutrient fertilizer comprises the following components by mass percentage:

[0044] Iron ≥12.8%, Zinc ≥14.5%, Manganese ≥12.5%, Copper ≥15.5%, Calcium ≥9.5%, Magnesium ≥5.8%, Boron ≥2.0%, Molybdenum ≥0.1%, and Cobalt ≥0.1%.

[0045] In one embodiment, the microbial agent comprises the following parts by weight of bacterial strains:

[0046] 2-4 parts of Bacillus megaterium, 10-20 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 4-6 parts of Azotobacter chrysophyllariae, and 2-4 parts of Bacillus subtilis.

[0047] In one embodiment, the seed mass ratio of the herbaceous seeds to the shrub seeds is 10:(1-2); the sowing rate is 3-6 g / m². 2 .

[0048] In one embodiment, the herbaceous seeds include at least one of Bermuda grass, creeping privet, carpet grass, Manila grass, and tall fescue.

[0049] In one embodiment, the shrub seeds are selected from at least one of pigeon pea, purple locust, and lespedeza.

[0050] In one embodiment, the thickness of the seed layer can be 2 to 5 cm, specifically 2 cm, 3 cm or 5 cm.

[0051] In one embodiment, the nutrient comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0052] 1-2 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 12-15 parts urea, and 0.1-0.2 parts microbial inoculant.

[0053] In one embodiment, the amount of nutrient supplemented can be 200-300 g / m². 2 Specifically, it can be 200g / m 2 Or 300g / m 2 .

[0054] In one embodiment, the method for ecological restoration of steep rock slopes also includes pest and disease monitoring and control; specifically, a regular inspection system is established to monitor vegetation growth, paying particular attention to early symptoms of pests and diseases. Once pests and diseases are discovered, plant protection experts or pesticide experts are immediately consulted to take scientific measures for prevention and control.

[0055] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] This embodiment provides a method for ecological revegetation of steep rock slopes, the method comprising the following steps:

[0058] (a) A soil matrix is ​​sprayed onto the surface of a steep rock slope to form a soil matrix layer with a thickness of 8 cm, wherein the soil matrix comprises the following components:

[0059] The ingredients are: 1500 kg soil, 10 kg compound fertilizer, 80 g micronutrient fertilizer, 200 kg organic fertilizer, 80 g microbial inoculant, 4 kg water-retaining agent, and 4 kg binder. The compound fertilizer is a 25-10-5 NPK compound fertilizer. The micronutrient fertilizer contains the following components by mass percentage:

[0060] Iron ≥12.8%, Zinc ≥14.5%, Manganese ≥12.5%, Copper ≥15.5%, Calcium ≥9.5%, Magnesium ≥5.8%, Boron ≥2.0%, Molybdenum ≥0.1%, and Cobalt ≥0.1%; the microbial inoculant includes the following parts by weight of bacterial strains:

[0061] Two samples of Bacillus megaterium, 20 samples of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, four samples of Azotobacter chrysophyll, and two samples of Bacillus subtilis;

[0062] (b) Soak herbaceous and shrub seeds separately, then mix the herbaceous and shrub seeds with soil substrate and spray them onto the surface of the soil substrate layer to form a seed layer with a thickness of 5 cm. The seed mass ratio of herbaceous seeds to shrub seeds is 10:1; the sowing rate is 3 g / m². 2 Herbaceous seeds include bermudagrass, creeping privet, carpet grass, Manila grass, and tall fescue; shrub seeds include pigeon pea, purple acacia, and lespedeza.

[0063] (c) Excavate drainage ditches on the platform at the top of the high and steep rock slope, lay irrigation pipe network on the high and steep rock slope and carry out irrigation; the drainage ditch is 30cm wide, the bottom of the ditch is sloping, the inner depth is 15cm, the outer depth is 10cm, the drainage ditch is in the shape of "high in the middle and low at both ends", which is conducive to the rapid discharge of rainwater and silt and avoids the erosion of the lower slope by the upper rainwater and silt.

[0064] (d) According to 200g / m 2 Supplement with nutrients twice a year, in spring and autumn. The nutrients include the following components by weight:

[0065] 1 part potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 15 parts urea, and 0.1 part microbial inoculant;

[0066] (e) Pest and disease monitoring and control:

[0067] Establish a regular inspection system to monitor vegetation growth, paying particular attention to early symptoms of pests and diseases. Once pests or diseases are discovered, immediately seek help from plant protection experts or pesticide experts and take scientific measures for prevention and control.

[0068] Example 2

[0069] This embodiment provides a method for ecological revegetation of steep rock slopes, the method comprising the following steps:

[0070] (a) A soil matrix is ​​sprayed onto the surface of a steep rock slope to form a soil matrix layer with a thickness of 12 cm, wherein the soil matrix comprises the following components:

[0071] The ingredients are: 2500 kg soil, 15 kg compound fertilizer, 120 g micronutrient fertilizer, 300 kg organic fertilizer, 150 g microbial inoculant, 6 kg water-retaining agent, and 6 kg binder. The compound fertilizer is a 25-10-5 NPK compound fertilizer. The micronutrient fertilizer contains the following components by mass percentage:

[0072] Iron ≥12.8%, Zinc ≥14.5%, Manganese ≥12.5%, Copper ≥15.5%, Calcium ≥9.5%, Magnesium ≥5.8%, Boron ≥2.0%, Molybdenum ≥0.1%, and Cobalt ≥0.1%; the microbial inoculant includes the following parts by weight of bacterial strains:

[0073] 4 samples of Bacillus megaterium, 10 samples of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 6 samples of Azotobacter chrysozoans, and 4 samples of Bacillus subtilis;

[0074] (b) Soak herbaceous and shrub seeds separately, then mix the herbaceous and shrub seeds with soil substrate and spray them onto the surface of the soil substrate layer to form a seed layer with a thickness of 2 cm. The seed mass ratio of herbaceous seeds to shrub seeds is 10:2; the sowing rate is 6 g / m². 2 Herbaceous seeds include bermudagrass, creeping privet, carpet grass, Manila grass, and tall fescue; shrub seeds include pigeon pea, purple acacia, and lespedeza.

[0075] (c) Excavate drainage ditches on the platform at the top of the high and steep rock slope, lay irrigation pipe network on the high and steep rock slope and carry out irrigation; the drainage ditch is 30cm wide, the bottom of the ditch is sloping, the inner depth is 15cm, the outer depth is 10cm, the drainage ditch is in the shape of "high in the middle and low at both ends", which is conducive to the rapid discharge of rainwater and silt and avoids the erosion of the lower slope by the upper rainwater and silt.

[0076] (d) According to 300g / m 2 Supplement with nutrients twice a year, in spring and autumn. The nutrients include the following components by weight:

[0077] 2 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 12 parts urea, and 0.2 parts microbial inoculant;

[0078] (e) Pest and disease monitoring and control:

[0079] Establish a regular inspection system to monitor vegetation growth, paying particular attention to early symptoms of pests and diseases. Once pests or diseases are discovered, immediately seek help from plant protection experts or pesticide experts and take scientific measures for prevention and control.

[0080] Example 3

[0081] This embodiment provides a method for ecological revegetation of steep rock slopes, the method comprising the following steps:

[0082] (a) A soil matrix is ​​sprayed onto the surface of a steep rock slope to form a soil matrix layer with a thickness of 10 cm, wherein the soil matrix comprises the following components:

[0083] The ingredients are: 2000 kg soil, 12 kg compound fertilizer, 100 g micronutrient fertilizer, 250 kg organic fertilizer, 100 g microbial inoculant, 5 kg water-retaining agent, and 5 kg binder. The compound fertilizer is a 25-10-5 NPK compound fertilizer. The micronutrient fertilizer contains the following components by mass percentage:

[0084] Iron ≥12.8%, Zinc ≥14.5%, Manganese ≥12.5%, Copper ≥15.5%, Calcium ≥9.5%, Magnesium ≥5.8%, Boron ≥2.0%, Molybdenum ≥0.1%, and Cobalt ≥0.1%; the microbial inoculant includes the following parts by weight of bacterial strains:

[0085] 3 samples of Bacillus megaterium, 15 samples of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 5 samples of Azotobacter chrysozoans, and 3 samples of Bacillus subtilis;

[0086] (b) Soak herbaceous and shrub seeds separately, then mix the herbaceous and shrub seeds with soil substrate and spray them onto the surface of the soil substrate layer to form a seed layer with a thickness of 4 cm. The seed mass ratio of herbaceous seeds to shrub seeds is 10:1; the sowing rate is 4 g / m². 2 Herbaceous seeds include bermudagrass, creeping privet, carpet grass, Manila grass, and tall fescue; shrub seeds include pigeon pea, purple acacia, and lespedeza.

[0087] (c) Excavate drainage ditches on the platform at the top of the high and steep rock slope, lay irrigation pipe network on the high and steep rock slope and carry out irrigation; the drainage ditch is 30cm wide, the bottom of the ditch is sloping, the inner depth is 15cm, the outer depth is 10cm, the drainage ditch is in the shape of "high in the middle and low at both ends", which is conducive to the rapid discharge of rainwater and silt and avoids the erosion of the lower slope by the upper rainwater and silt.

[0088] (d) According to 250g / m 2 Supplement with nutrients twice a year, in spring and autumn. The nutrients include the following components by weight:

[0089] One part potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 13 parts urea, and 0.2 parts microbial inoculant;

[0090] (e) Pest and disease monitoring and control:

[0091] Establish a regular inspection system to monitor vegetation growth, paying particular attention to early symptoms of pests and diseases. Once pests or diseases are discovered, immediately seek help from plant protection experts or pesticide experts and take scientific measures for prevention and control.

[0092] Two years after the high and steep rock slopes were revegetated using the method described in Example 3, the revegetation rate was tested and found to be 96%. This demonstrates that the method for ecological revegetation of high and steep rock slopes in this application has excellent long-term stability and sustainability.

[0093] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for ecological restoration of rocky high and steep slopes, characterized in that: The steps include: (a) spraying a fixed soil matrix on the surface of a rocky high and steep slope to form a soil matrix layer, wherein the soil matrix includes the following components: 1500-2500kg soil, 10-15kg compound fertilizer, 80-120g medium and trace element fertilizer, 200-300kg organic fertilizer, 80-150g microbial agent, 4-6kg water retaining agent and 4-6kg adhesive; (b) soaking the herb seeds and the shrub seeds separately, then mixing the herb seeds and the shrub seeds with a soil matrix and spraying them on the surface of the soil matrix layer to form a seed layer; (c) Laying irrigation pipes and carrying out irrigation on high and steep rock slopes; (d) Nutritional supplements should be provided once in spring and once in autumn each year.

2. The method for ecological restoration of rocky high and steep slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes digging drainage ditches on platforms at the top of high and steep rock slopes.

3. The method for ecological restoration of rocky high and steep slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the soil matrix layer is 8 to 12 cm.

4. The method for ecological restoration of rocky high and steep slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compound fertilizer is a 25-10-5 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer.

5. The method for ecological restoration of rocky high and steep slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The medium and trace element fertilizer includes the following components in percentage by mass: Iron ≥ 12.8%, zinc ≥ 14.5%, manganese ≥ 12.5%, copper ≥ 15.5%, calcium ≥ 9.5%, magnesium ≥ 5.8%, boron ≥ 2.0%, molybdenum ≥ 0.1% and cobalt ≥ 0.1%.

6. The method for ecological restoration of rocky high and steep slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial agent includes the following strains by weight: 2-4 parts of Bacillus megaterium, 10-20 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 4-6 parts of round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria and 2-4 parts of Bacillus subtilis.

7. The method for ecological restoration of rocky high and steep slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed mass ratio of the herb seeds to the shrub seeds is 10:(1-2); the sowing amount is 3-6 g / m 2 .

8. The method for ecological restoration of rocky high and steep slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed layer has a thickness of 2 to 5 cm.

9. The method for ecological restoration of rocky high and steep slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nutrients include the following components by weight: 1-2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 12-15 parts of urea and 0.1-0.2 parts of microbial agent.

10. The method for ecological restoration of rocky high and steep slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supplement amount of the nutrient is 200-300 g / m 2 .