An online monitoring method for slope displacement in open-pit mines

Abstract

The invention discloses an online monitoring method for slope displacement of an open-pit mine, and relates to the technical field of mining. The method adopts an online monitoring system to work, and the system comprises a GPS monitoring module, a seismic wave reflection module, a data processing module, and an arrangement adjustment module. The GPS monitoring module adopts a GPS positioning signal to generate a slope positioning image reflecting the shape of the slope edge through the reception and interpretation of a GPS satellite network. The seismic wave reflection module adopts the characteristics of a mechanical wave signal reflected back when artificial seismic wave propagation encounters different underground media such as a cross-cutting limestone layer or a fault surface, measures the wave velocity change caused by different physical and mechanical properties in the rock layer, and evaluates the mechanical wave velocity and waveform. The data processing module combines the processed slope positioning image with a mechanical wave analysis result to form a comprehensive analysis result inside the rock layer. The invention has the characteristic of high monitoring accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mining, and in particular to an online monitoring method for slope displacement of an open-pit mine. Background Art

[0002] The distribution of weak structural surfaces is the dominant factor affecting slope stability, and plays a major role in controlling the stability of mine slopes. When monitoring the displacement of mine slopes, it is necessary to focus on monitoring the changes in weak structural surfaces. By placing multiple GPS locators on the edge of the weak structural surface, the slope displacement can be tracked in real time.

[0003] The existing GPS locator placement method is to arrange them equidistantly along the edge of the weak structural surface. Since the staggered cross-cutting limestone layers in the ore layer are easy to form unstable sections of the open-pit slope when encountering a weak structural surface, it is easy to induce landslides when encountering groundwater infiltration. It is difficult to recover the GPS locator after the collapse, and the collapse is mainly longitudinal displacement. The GPS locator is not sensitive to the monitoring of longitudinal displacement; and when a small number of small-scale limestone fault surfaces encounter weak structural surfaces, due to their low friction coefficient and strength, when the limestone fault surfaces slide on these weak surfaces, new damage surfaces may be formed. This damage surface will expand along the weak structural surface, resulting in large-scale lateral displacement. The rapid expansion of the edge will greatly reduce the arrangement density of the GPS locator, resulting in a decrease in the monitoring accuracy of the slope displacement. Therefore, it is necessary to design an online monitoring method for slope displacement in open-pit mines with high monitoring accuracy. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an online monitoring method for slope displacement of an open-pit mine to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an online monitoring method for slope displacement of an open-pit mine, the method adopts an online monitoring system to work, the system includes a GPS monitoring module, a seismic wave reflection module, a data processing module, and an arrangement adjustment module, the GPS monitoring module adopts GPS positioning signals to generate a slope positioning image reflecting the shape of the slope edge through the reception and interpretation of the GPS satellite network, the seismic wave reflection module adopts the characteristics of the mechanical wave signal reflected back when the artificial seismic wave propagation encounters different underground media such as cross-cutting limestone layers or fault surfaces, measures the wave velocity changes caused by different physical and mechanical properties in the rock layer, and evaluates the mechanical wave velocity and waveform, the data processing module combines the processed slope positioning image with the mechanical wave analysis results to form a comprehensive analysis result inside the rock layer, and the arrangement adjustment module is used to adjust the spacing distance technical parameters of the GPS locator used to generate the slope positioning image in real time according to the mechanical wave analysis results.

[0006] According to the above technical solution, the GPS monitoring module includes a GPS locator, a GPS satellite network, and a slope image display module, wherein the GPS satellite network is electrically connected to the slope image display module; the GPS locator is used to transmit a GPS positioning signal to the GPS satellite network, and the GPS satellite network is used to receive the transmitted GPS positioning signal and convert it into a digital signal, and the slope image display module processes and converts the received digital signal to generate a slope positioning image;

[0007] The seismic wave reflection module includes a seismic wave excitation device, a seismic detector, a seismic wave signal processing module, and a seismic wave point diagram integration module. A plurality of seismic detectors are installed on the ground, and the seismic detectors are electrically connected to the seismic wave signal processing module, and the seismic wave signal processing module is electrically connected to the seismic wave point diagram integration module. The seismic wave excitation device uses a seismic source to artificially excite seismic waves to propagate underground, and the seismic detector uses the seismic wave reflection effect to obtain the wave velocity and waveform changes of the reflected wave. The seismic wave signal processing module is used to analyze the mechanical wave information in the received reflected wave signal, thereby calculating the mechanical wave velocity and waveform and generating mechanical wave point data. The seismic wave point diagram integration module is used to convert the reflected wave data into a seismic wave point diagram to display the reflected wave characteristics at different positions of the underground limestone layer.

[0008] The data processing module includes an image position fitting module, a rock formation analysis module, and a rock formation range definition module. The image position fitting module is electrically connected to the slope image display module and the seismic wave dot map integration module, the rock formation analysis module is electrically connected to the image position fitting module, and the rock formation range definition module is electrically connected to the rock formation analysis module; the image position fitting module places the slope positioning image and the seismic wave dot map in the same image display area for fitting, and uses the method of corresponding coverage at the same position to ensure the accurate overlap of the two images in the same image display area; the rock formation analysis module compares the seismic wave propagation characteristics of the cross-cutting limestone layer and the seismic wave propagation characteristics of the small-scale fault plane by analyzing the seismic wave dot map, and determines whether there is a cross-cutting limestone layer and a limestone fault plane; the rock formation range definition module is used to make the area where the cross-cutting limestone layer and the limestone fault plane exist correspond to the area in the slope positioning image, so as to evaluate which layer the edge position of the weak structural surface is adjacent to and overlaps with, and whether it is necessary to adjust the interval distance of the GPS locator;

[0009] The arrangement adjustment module includes an arrangement distance calculation module and a database. The database is electrically connected to the slope image display module and the seismic wave dot map integration module. The arrangement distance calculation module is electrically connected to the rock layer analysis module and the rock layer range definition module. The arrangement distance calculation module reads the judgment results of the cross-cutting limestone layer and the limestone fault layer, automatically adjusts the interval distance technical parameters of the GPS locator, and changes the arrangement density of the GPS locator at the edge of the weak rock layer. The database is used to record the interval distance data of the slope positioning image, the seismic wave dot map and the GPS locator, and stores them in the database for subsequent analysis and comparison.

[0010] According to the above technical solution, the following steps are included:

[0011] S1. The exploration personnel mark the contour range of the soft structural surface found by artificial exploration, and place a GPS locator at the contour edge of the soft structural surface at a specified distance, start the GPS locator to transmit the GPS positioning signal, and receive the position coordinate signal through the GPS satellite network, process the received position coordinate signal, and generate the slope positioning image;

[0012] S2. Place multiple seismic detectors in the contour edge area of ​​the weak structural surface and use a seismic wave excitation device to emit seismic waves. The seismic detectors obtain the wave velocity change of the reflected wave, calculate the speed and waveform of the mechanical wave, and generate a corresponding seismic wave dot map. Fit the slope positioning image with the seismic wave dot map to ensure that they accurately overlap in the same image display area;

[0013] S3. Compare the mechanical wave velocity and reflection wave amplitude uniformity data in the seismic wave feature map to determine whether there is a cross-cutting limestone layer or limestone fault layer. According to the reflection wave feature data and the information of the slope positioning image, evaluate whether the edge areas of the weak structural surface are adjacent to and overlap with the cross-cutting limestone layer or limestone fault layer.

[0014] S4. According to the judgment results of the cross-cutting limestone layer and the limestone fault layer, the interval distance of the GPS locators arranged at the edge of the weak structural surface is automatically adjusted, and the processed slope positioning image, seismic wave point map, wave velocity change characteristics and the interval distance of the GPS locators are stored in the database;

[0015] S5. Geological survey personnel check the slope positioning images and slope displacement monitoring results, evaluate the monitoring accuracy of the slope positioning images, and verify and optimize the interval distance parameters of the GPS locator.

[0016] According to the above technical solution, the generation process of the seismic wave spot map is specifically as follows:

[0017] S2-1, dividing the detection area of ​​the seismic detector into a detection point array, wherein the array has a plurality of detection points, and when the seismic detector is translated along with the GPS locator, the coordinates of each detection point of each seismic detector are recorded in real time;

[0018] S2-2. Use a seismic wave excitation device to artificially excite seismic waves to propagate into the underground rock formations, and use a seismic detector to receive the reflected mechanical wave signal. When the reflected wave encounters a moving rock formation, part of the wave will be reflected back to the seismic detector. Use the seismic detector to obtain the velocity change of the reflected wave, and calculate the mechanical wave velocity and waveform. The velocity of the seismic wave emitted by the seismic wave excitation device is , the velocity of the reflected wave received at a certain detection point is , then the wave velocity attenuation value is , waveform and reflected wave amplitude Regarding, the interval between the reflected wave receiving time Acquire the reflected wave amplitude over time And average it, get , and calculate the reflected wave amplitude The variance is the uniformity. The scattering and attenuation of seismic waves will cause the amplitude of the reflected waves to The uniformity of

[0019] S2-3, make the detection area have detection points, the mechanical wave velocity of each detection point is , for each The size of the reflected wave is compared to determine the wave velocity variation characteristics of each detection point, and a seismic wave point diagram is generated based on the mechanical wave velocity and reflection wave amplitude uniformity data.

[0020] According to the above technical solution, in S2, the working method of the image position fitting module is:

[0021] S2-4, extracting marking points from the seismic wave point map and the slope positioning image respectively, making the marking points of the two maps overlap with each other, and zooming with the marking points as the center;

[0022] S2-5, aligning the seismic wave dot map with the contour of the slope positioning image, superimposing the fitted seismic wave dot map on the slope positioning image, and generating a final fitting image.

[0023] According to the above technical solution, the specific method for determining whether there is a cross-cutting limestone layer and a limestone fault layer is:

[0024] S3-1. According to the reflection wave velocity and reflection wave amplitude uniformity of each detection point, the cross-cut limestone layer usually has a relatively uniform physical property. When the seismic wave propagates inside it, it usually has less significant attenuation. Less than the lower critical value When the reflected wave amplitude is The variance is calculated if the reflected wave amplitude Variance Greater than the set value , then this area is judged to be a cross-cutting limestone layer area;

[0025] S3-2. Fault planes often have different physical and mechanical properties, which may lead to sudden changes in wave velocity. When seismic waves propagate to the fault plane, the velocity decreases. When the wave velocity attenuation value at a certain detection point is Greater than high threshold If the area is defined as a potential limestone fault plane area, the fault plane may cause scattering and attenuation of seismic waves, and the amplitude of the reflected wave may not be as high as that of the uniform limestone layer. Variance Less than the set value , then this area is judged to be a limestone fault surface.

[0026] According to the above technical solution, in S4, the working method of the arrangement distance calculation module is:

[0027] S4-1. Find the area in the slope positioning image that corresponds to the area that crosses the limestone layer in the seismic wave dot map, and increase the GPS locator spacing in this area. , the increase is and The ratio is positively correlated, specifically ,in is the default interval distance;

[0028] S4-2. Find the area corresponding to the limestone fault plane in the seismic wave dot map in the slope positioning image and reduce the distance between GPS locators in this area. , the reduction is and The ratio is positively correlated, specifically ,in is the default spacing distance.

[0029] According to the above technical solution, the working method of the arrangement distance calculation module also includes:

[0030] When checking the GPS locator spacing, if a large-scale lateral displacement occurs at the edge of the subsequent weak structural surface, first reduce the GPS locator spacing. If the normal monitoring effect is achieved later, there is no need to adjust the GPS locator interval distance If the monitoring effect is still not achieved, the seismic detector is used again to obtain the velocity change of the reflected wave, and then the distance between the GPS locators is determined. , to avoid the change of the position of the cross-cutting limestone layer and the limestone fault layer caused by the distance between the adapted GPS locators The problem of change.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are as follows: when arranging GPS locators in the slope displacement detection of the weak structural surface of a mine, the present invention analyzes the distribution positions of the cross-cutting limestone layer and the limestone fault layer inside the rock layer through the characteristics of the mechanical wave signal reflected back when the artificial seismic wave propagates and encounters different underground media such as the cross-cutting limestone layer or the fault layer. When the weak structural surface is adjacent to or overlaps with the two, the spacing distance of the GPS locators is adjusted at the corresponding edge position, so that the number of GPS locators is reduced at the position where longitudinal displacement is prone to occur, and the number of GPS locators is increased at the position where lateral displacement is prone to occur, thereby improving the monitoring accuracy and reducing the loss of equipment cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0033] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall module structure of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] See also Figure 1The present invention provides a technical solution: an online monitoring method for slope displacement of an open-pit mine, the method adopts an online monitoring system to work, the system includes a GPS monitoring module, a seismic wave reflection module, a data processing module, and an arrangement adjustment module, the GPS monitoring module adopts GPS positioning signals to generate a slope positioning image reflecting the shape of the slope edge through the reception and interpretation of the GPS satellite network, the seismic wave reflection module adopts the characteristics of the mechanical wave signal reflected back when the artificial seismic wave propagation encounters different underground media such as a cross-cutting limestone layer or a fault surface, measures the wave velocity changes caused by different physical and mechanical properties in the rock layer, and evaluates the mechanical wave velocity and waveform, the data processing module combines the processed slope positioning image with the mechanical wave analysis result to form a comprehensive analysis result inside the rock layer, and the arrangement adjustment module is used to adjust the interval distance technical parameters of the GPS locator used to generate the slope positioning image in real time according to the mechanical wave analysis result;

[0036] The GPS monitoring module includes a GPS locator, a GPS satellite network, and a slope image display module, wherein the GPS satellite network is electrically connected to the slope image display module; the GPS locator is used to transmit a GPS positioning signal to the GPS satellite network, and the GPS satellite network is used to receive the transmitted GPS positioning signal and convert it into a digital signal, and the slope image display module processes and converts the received digital signal to generate a slope positioning image;

[0037] The seismic wave reflection module includes a seismic wave excitation device, a seismic detector, a seismic wave signal processing module, and a seismic wave point diagram integration module. A plurality of seismic detectors are installed on the ground, and the seismic detectors are electrically connected to the seismic wave signal processing module, and the seismic wave signal processing module is electrically connected to the seismic wave point diagram integration module. The seismic wave excitation device uses a seismic source to artificially excite seismic waves to propagate underground, and the seismic detector uses the seismic wave reflection effect to obtain the wave velocity and waveform changes of the reflected wave. The seismic wave signal processing module is used to analyze the mechanical wave information in the received reflected wave signal, thereby calculating the mechanical wave velocity and waveform, and generating mechanical wave point data. The seismic wave point diagram integration module is used to convert the reflected wave data into a seismic wave point diagram, and display the reflected wave characteristics at different positions of the underground limestone layer.

[0038] The data processing module includes an image position fitting module, a rock formation analysis module, and a rock formation range definition module. The image position fitting module is electrically connected to the slope image display module and the seismic wave dot map integration module, the rock formation analysis module is electrically connected to the image position fitting module, and the rock formation range definition module is electrically connected to the rock formation analysis module. The image position fitting module places the slope positioning image and the seismic wave dot map in the same image display area for fitting, and uses the method of corresponding coverage at the same position to ensure that the two images are accurately overlapped in the same image display area. The rock formation analysis module compares the seismic wave propagation characteristics of the cross-cutting limestone layer and the seismic wave propagation characteristics of the small-scale fault surface by analyzing the seismic wave dot map to determine whether there is a cross-cutting limestone layer and a limestone fault surface. The rock formation range definition module is used to make the area where the cross-cutting limestone layer and the limestone fault surface exist correspond to the area in the slope positioning image, so as to evaluate which layer the edge position of the weak structural surface is adjacent to and overlaps with, and whether it is necessary to adjust the interval distance of the GPS locator;

[0039] The arrangement adjustment module includes an arrangement distance calculation module and a database. The database is electrically connected to the slope image display module and the seismic wave spot diagram integration module. The arrangement distance calculation module is electrically connected to the rock layer analysis module and the rock layer range definition module. The arrangement distance calculation module reads the judgment results of the cross-cutting limestone layer and the limestone fault layer, automatically adjusts the interval distance technical parameters of the GPS locator, and changes the arrangement density of the GPS locator at the edge of the weak rock layer. The database is used to record the slope positioning image, the seismic wave spot diagram and the interval distance data of the GPS locator, and store them in the database for subsequent analysis and comparison.

[0040] The following steps are involved:

[0041] S1. The exploration personnel mark the contour range of the soft structural surface found by artificial exploration, and place a GPS locator at the contour edge of the soft structural surface at a specified distance, start the GPS locator to transmit the GPS positioning signal, and receive the position coordinate signal through the GPS satellite network, process the received position coordinate signal, and generate the slope positioning image;

[0042] S2. Place multiple seismic detectors in the contour edge area of ​​the weak structural surface and use a seismic wave excitation device to emit seismic waves. The seismic detectors obtain the wave velocity change of the reflected wave, calculate the speed and waveform of the mechanical wave, and generate a corresponding seismic wave dot map. Fit the slope positioning image with the seismic wave dot map to ensure that they accurately overlap in the same image display area;

[0043] S3. Compare the mechanical wave velocity and reflection wave amplitude uniformity data in the seismic wave feature map to determine whether there is a cross-cutting limestone layer or limestone fault layer. According to the reflection wave feature data and the information of the slope positioning image, evaluate whether the edge areas of the weak structural surface are adjacent to and overlap with the cross-cutting limestone layer or limestone fault layer.

[0044] S4. According to the judgment results of the cross-cutting limestone layer and the limestone fault layer, the interval distance of the GPS locators arranged at the edge of the weak structural surface is automatically adjusted, and the processed slope positioning image, seismic wave point map, wave velocity change characteristics and the interval distance of the GPS locators are stored in the database;

[0045] S5. Geological exploration personnel check the slope positioning images and slope displacement monitoring results, evaluate the monitoring accuracy of the slope positioning images, and verify and optimize the interval distance parameters of the GPS locator;

[0046] The specific process of generating the seismic wave point map is as follows:

[0047] S2-1, dividing the detection area of ​​the seismic detector into a detection point array, wherein the array has a plurality of detection points, and when the seismic detector is translated along with the GPS locator, the coordinates of each detection point of each seismic detector are recorded in real time;

[0048] S2-2. Use a seismic wave excitation device to artificially excite seismic waves to propagate into the underground rock formations, and use a seismic detector to receive the reflected mechanical wave signal. When the reflected wave encounters a moving rock formation, part of the wave will be reflected back to the seismic detector. Use the seismic detector to obtain the velocity change of the reflected wave, and calculate the mechanical wave velocity and waveform. The velocity of the seismic wave emitted by the seismic wave excitation device is , the velocity of the reflected wave received at a certain detection point is , then the wave velocity attenuation value is , waveform and reflected wave amplitude Regarding, the interval between the reflected wave receiving time Acquire the reflected wave amplitude over time And average it, get , and calculate the reflected wave amplitude The variance is the uniformity. The scattering and attenuation of seismic waves will cause the amplitude of the reflected waves to The uniformity of

[0049] S2-3, make the detection area have detection points, the mechanical wave velocity of each detection point is , for each The size of the waves is compared to determine the characteristics of the wave velocity changes at each detection point, and a seismic wave point diagram is generated based on the mechanical wave velocity and reflection wave amplitude uniformity data;

[0050] In S2, the working method of the image position fitting module is:

[0051] S2-4, extracting marking points from the seismic wave point map and the slope positioning image respectively, making the marking points of the two maps overlap with each other, and zooming with the marking points as the center;

[0052] S2-5, aligning the seismic wave point map with the contour of the slope positioning image, and superimposing the fitted seismic wave point map on the slope positioning image to generate a final fitting image;

[0053] The specific method for determining whether there are cross-cutting limestone layers and limestone fault layers is:

[0054] S3-1. According to the velocity and amplitude uniformity of the reflected waves at each detection point, the cross-cutting limestone layer usually has relatively uniform physical properties. When the seismic wave propagates inside it, it usually has less significant attenuation. Less than the lower critical value When the reflected wave amplitude is The variance is calculated if the reflected wave amplitude Variance Greater than the set value , then this area is judged to be a cross-cutting limestone layer area;

[0055] S3-2. Fault planes often have different physical and mechanical properties, which may lead to sudden changes in wave velocity. When seismic waves propagate to the fault plane, the velocity decreases. When the wave velocity attenuation value at a certain detection point is Greater than high threshold If the area is defined as a potential limestone fault plane area, the fault plane may cause scattering and attenuation of seismic waves, and the amplitude of the reflected wave may not be as high as that of the uniform limestone layer. Variance Less than the set value , then this area is judged to be a limestone fault plane;

[0056] In S4, the working method of the arrangement distance calculation module is:

[0057] S4-1. Find the area in the slope positioning image that corresponds to the area that crosses the limestone layer in the seismic wave dot map, and increase the GPS locator spacing in this area. , the increase is and The ratio is positively correlated, specifically ,in is the default interval distance;

[0058] S4-2. Find the area corresponding to the limestone fault plane in the seismic wave dot map in the slope positioning image and reduce the distance between GPS locators in this area. , the reduction is and The ratio is positively correlated, specifically ,in is the default interval distance;

[0059] The working method of the arrangement distance calculation module also includes:

[0060] When checking the GPS locator spacing, if a large-scale lateral displacement occurs at the edge of the subsequent weak structural surface, first reduce the GPS locator spacing. If the normal monitoring effect is achieved later, there is no need to adjust the GPS locator interval distance If the monitoring effect is still not achieved, the seismic detector is used again to obtain the velocity change of the reflected wave, and then the distance between the GPS locators is determined. , to avoid the change of the position of the cross-cutting limestone layer and the limestone fault layer caused by the distance between the adapted GPS locators The problem of change.

[0061] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0062] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An online monitoring method for slope displacement of an open-pit mine, using a GPS monitoring module, wherein the GPS monitoring module uses GPS positioning signals to generate a slope positioning image reflecting the shape of the slope edge by receiving and interpreting the GPS satellite network, and is characterized in that: The method adopts an online monitoring system to work, which includes a seismic wave reflection module, a data processing module, and an arrangement adjustment module. The seismic wave reflection module adopts the characteristics of mechanical wave signals reflected back when artificial seismic wave propagation encounters a cross-cutting limestone layer and a fault plane, measures the wave velocity changes caused by different physical and mechanical properties in the rock layer, and evaluates the mechanical wave velocity and waveform. The data processing module combines the processed slope positioning image with the mechanical wave analysis result to form a comprehensive analysis result inside the rock layer. The arrangement adjustment module is used to adjust the spacing distance technical parameters of the GPS locator used to generate the slope positioning image in real time according to the mechanical wave analysis result.

2. The method for online monitoring of slope displacement in an open-pit mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The GPS monitoring module includes a GPS locator, a GPS satellite network, and a slope image display module, wherein the GPS satellite network is electrically connected to the slope image display module; the GPS locator is used to transmit a GPS positioning signal to the GPS satellite network, and the GPS satellite network is used to receive the transmitted GPS positioning signal and convert it into a digital signal, and the slope image display module processes and converts the received digital signal to generate a slope positioning image; The seismic wave reflection module includes a seismic wave excitation device, a seismic detector, a seismic wave signal processing module, and a seismic wave point diagram integration module. A plurality of seismic detectors are installed on the ground, and the seismic detectors are electrically connected to the seismic wave signal processing module, and the seismic wave signal processing module is electrically connected to the seismic wave point diagram integration module. The seismic wave excitation device uses a seismic source to artificially excite seismic waves to propagate underground, and the seismic detector uses the seismic wave reflection effect to obtain the wave velocity and waveform changes of the reflected wave. The seismic wave signal processing module is used to analyze the mechanical wave information in the received reflected wave signal, thereby calculating the mechanical wave velocity and waveform and generating mechanical wave point data. The seismic wave point diagram integration module is used to convert the reflected wave data into a seismic wave point diagram to display the reflected wave characteristics at different positions of the underground limestone layer. The data processing module includes an image position fitting module, a rock formation analysis module, and a rock formation range definition module. The image position fitting module is electrically connected to the slope image display module and the seismic wave dot map integration module, the rock formation analysis module is electrically connected to the image position fitting module, and the rock formation range definition module is electrically connected to the rock formation analysis module; the image position fitting module places the slope positioning image and the seismic wave dot map in the same image display area for fitting, and uses the method of corresponding coverage at the same position to ensure the accurate overlap of the two images in the same image display area; the rock formation analysis module compares the seismic wave propagation characteristics of the cross-cutting limestone layer and the seismic wave propagation characteristics of the small-scale fault plane by analyzing the seismic wave dot map, and determines whether there is a cross-cutting limestone layer and a limestone fault plane; the rock formation range definition module is used to make the area where the cross-cutting limestone layer and the limestone fault plane exist correspond to the area in the slope positioning image, so as to evaluate which layer the edge position of the weak structural surface is adjacent to and overlaps with, and whether it is necessary to adjust the interval distance of the GPS locator; The arrangement adjustment module includes an arrangement distance calculation module and a database. The database is electrically connected to the slope image display module and the seismic wave dot map integration module. The arrangement distance calculation module is electrically connected to the rock formation analysis module and the rock formation range definition module. The arrangement distance calculation module reads the judgment results of the cross-cutting limestone layer and the limestone fault layer, automatically adjusts the interval distance technical parameters of the GPS locator, and changes the arrangement density of the GPS locator at the edge of the weak rock layer. The database is used to record the interval distance data of the slope positioning image, the seismic wave dot map and the GPS locator, and stores them in the database for subsequent analysis and comparison.

3. The method for online monitoring of slope displacement in an open-pit mine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. The exploration personnel mark the contour range of the soft structural surface found by artificial exploration, and place a GPS locator at the contour edge of the soft structural surface at a specified distance, start the GPS locator to transmit the GPS positioning signal, and receive the position coordinate signal through the GPS satellite network, process the received position coordinate signal, and generate the slope positioning image; S2. Place multiple seismic detectors in the contour edge area of ​​the weak structural surface and use a seismic wave excitation device to emit seismic waves. The seismic detectors obtain the wave velocity change of the reflected wave, calculate the speed and waveform of the mechanical wave, and generate a corresponding seismic wave dot map. Fit the slope positioning image with the seismic wave dot map to ensure that they accurately overlap in the same image display area; S3. Compare the mechanical wave velocity and reflection wave amplitude uniformity data in the seismic wave feature map to determine whether there is a cross-cutting limestone layer or limestone fault layer. According to the reflection wave feature data and the information of the slope positioning image, evaluate whether the edge areas of the weak structural surface are adjacent to and overlap with the cross-cutting limestone layer or limestone fault layer. S4. According to the judgment results of the cross-cutting limestone layer and the limestone fault layer, the interval distance of the GPS locators arranged at the edge of the weak structural surface is automatically adjusted, and the processed slope positioning image, seismic wave point map, wave velocity change characteristics and the interval distance of the GPS locators are stored in the database; S5. Geological survey personnel check the slope positioning images and slope displacement monitoring results, evaluate the monitoring accuracy of the slope positioning images, and verify and optimize the interval distance parameters of the GPS locator.

4. The method for online monitoring of slope displacement in an open-pit mine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The generation process of the seismic wave point map is specifically as follows: S2-1, dividing the detection area of ​​the seismic detector into a detection point array, wherein the array has a plurality of detection points, and when the seismic detector is translated along with the GPS locator, the coordinates of each detection point of each seismic detector are recorded in real time; S2-2. Use a seismic wave excitation device to artificially excite seismic waves to propagate to the underground rock formations, and use a seismic detector to receive the reflected mechanical wave signal. When the reflected wave encounters a moving rock formation, part of the wave will be reflected back to the seismic detector. Use the seismic detector to obtain the change in the velocity of the reflected wave, and calculate the mechanical wave velocity and waveform. The velocity of the seismic wave emitted by the seismic wave excitation device is j0, and the velocity of the reflected wave received at a certain detection point is j1. The wave velocity attenuation value is Δj=j0-j1. The waveform is related to the reflected wave amplitude f. During the reflected wave receiving time, the reflected wave amplitude f is continuously obtained at intervals of t0 and averaged to obtain Δf, and the variance of the reflected wave amplitude f, that is, the uniformity, is calculated. The scattering and attenuation of seismic waves will reduce the uniformity of the reflected wave amplitude f. S2-3, let the detection area have i detection points, and the mechanical wave speed of each detection point be j i , for each j i The size of the reflected wave is compared to determine the wave velocity variation characteristics of each detection point, and a seismic wave point diagram is generated based on the mechanical wave velocity and reflection wave amplitude uniformity data.

5. The method for online monitoring of slope displacement in an open-pit mine according to claim 4, characterized in that: In S2, the working method of the image position fitting module is: S2-4, extracting marking points from the seismic wave point map and the slope positioning image respectively, making the marking points of the two maps overlap with each other, and zooming with the marking points as the center; S2-5, aligning the seismic wave dot map with the contour of the slope positioning image, superimposing the fitted seismic wave dot map on the slope positioning image, and generating a final fitting image.

6. The method for online monitoring of slope displacement in an open-pit mine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The specific method for determining whether there is a cross-cutting limestone layer and a limestone fault layer is as follows: S3-1. Analyze the velocity of the reflected wave and the uniformity of the reflected wave amplitude at each detection point. When the wave velocity attenuation value Δj is less than the lower critical value j min , this area is defined as a potential cross-cutting limestone layer area, and the variance of the reflected wave amplitude f is collected for calculation. If the variance of the reflected wave amplitude f If it is greater than the set value X, then this area is judged to be a cross-cutting limestone layer area; S3-2, when the wave velocity attenuation value Δj of a certain detection point is greater than the high critical value j max , then this area is defined as a potential limestone fault surface area. If the variance of the reflected wave amplitude f is If it is less than the set value X, then this area is judged to be a limestone fault surface.

7. The method for online monitoring of slope displacement in an open-pit mine according to claim 6, characterized in that: In S4, the working method of the arrangement distance calculation module is: S4-1. Find the area corresponding to the area that crosses the limestone layer in the seismic wave dot map in the slope positioning image, and increase the GPS locator spacing F in this area. The increase is positively correlated with the ratio of Δj and A, specifically: Where F0 is the default interval distance, k is the weight coefficient of amplitude and wave speed; S4-2. Find the area corresponding to the limestone fault plane in the seismic wave dot map in the slope positioning image, and reduce the GPS locator spacing F in this area. The reduction is positively correlated with the ratio of Δj to A, specifically: Where F0 is the default interval distance.

8. The method for online monitoring of slope displacement in an open-pit mine according to claim 7, characterized in that: The working method of the arrangement distance calculation module also includes: when verifying the GPS locator spacing distance, if a large-scale lateral displacement occurs at the edge of the weak structural surface subsequently, the GPS locator spacing distance F is first reduced; if the normal monitoring effect is achieved subsequently, there is no need to adjust the GPS locator spacing distance F; if the monitoring effect is still not achieved, the seismic detector is reused to obtain the wave velocity change of the reflected wave, and then the GPS locator spacing distance F is determined.

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