Superstrong vortex laser phase measurement method

Abstract

An ultra-strong vortex laser phase measurement method comprises the steps that an incident Gaussian laser pulse is divided into two paths, one path of Gaussian laser pulse serves as reference light, and the other path of Gaussian laser pulse generates ultra-strong vortex laser to serve as object light after passing through an off-axis phase plate; splitting the Gaussian laser pulse and the ultra-strong vortex laser into four beams to obtain Gaussian laser pulses Er, Er (1), Er (2) and Er (3) and ultra-strong vortex lasers Eo, Eo (1), Eo (2) and Eo (3); the ultra-strong vortex laser Eo (1) and the Gaussian laser pulse Er (1) are synthesized into interference laser Ei; after the phase of # imgabs0 # is introduced into the ultra-strong vortex laser Eo (2), the ultra-strong vortex laser Eo (2) and the Gaussian laser pulse Er (2) are synthesized into interference laser Ei, pi / 2; the depth information of the surface plasma holographic grating formed by irradiating the laser Ei, pi / 2, Er, Eo and Ei on the surface of the plasma target is detected, so that the precise measurement of the ultra-strong vortex laser phase distribution is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of laser and plasma, in particular to a super-strong vortex laser phase measurement method. Background Art

[0002] Plasmon holographic grating, as an advanced plasma optical device, has been applied in various fields, especially in generating vortex lasers of relativistic intensity.

[0003] Relativistic vortex laser-plasma interactions have attracted extensive attention in the past few decades. With its spiral electromagnetic field and unique orbital angular momentum (OAM), vortex lasers have become a unique tool for accelerating and manipulating relativistic charged particles, and can deeply study the angular momentum (AM) transfer between charged particles and fields under strong field conditions. However, these exciting theoretical and numerical studies mainly rely on the relativistic intensity of vortex lasers and the high-quality vortex phase.

[0004] In order to advance the experimental study of relativistic vortex laser-plasma interaction, various theoretical and numerical schemes for generating relativistic intensity vortex lasers have been proposed. For theoretical or simulation-based studies, the precise three-dimensional structure of the desired plasma target in these schemes requires high laser time contrast, which makes them unsuitable for high repetition rate laser systems.

[0005] In addition, vortex lasers rely on energy transfer between particles, electrostatic waves, and electromagnetic waves through Raman amplification or Brillouin scattering amplification, which limits their ability to further increase the intensity of vortex lasers. In the experiment, the maximum intensity of vortex lasers generated using a reflective phase plate or an off-axis spiral phase mirror remained at 10 20 W / cm 2 To further increase the output intensity, the diameter of the optical element must be continuously increased.

[0006] In addition, it has become a consensus among researchers in this field that the measurement of the vortex phase of relativistic intensity vortex lasers is of great significance in experiments, but there is currently no effective measurement method. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention proposes a super-strong vortex laser phase measurement method.

[0008] In order to achieve the above technical purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: On the one hand, the present invention provides a super-intense vortex laser phase measurement method, comprising: The incident Gaussian laser pulse is split into two beams. One of the Gaussian laser pulses is used as the reference light, and the other Gaussian laser pulse is generated as the object light after passing through the off-axis phase plate. The Gaussian laser pulse as the reference light is split into four beams: E r , E r(1) , E r(2) , E r(3) ; The ultra-intense vortex laser beam as the object beam is split into four beams, namely ultra-intense vortex laser E o , E o(1) , E o(2) , E o(3) ; A super-intense vortex laser E o(1) With a Gaussian laser pulse E r(1) Synthetic interference laser E i ; A super-intense vortex laser E o(2) In introducing After the phase is combined with another Gaussian laser pulse E r(2) Synthetic interference laser E i,π / 2 ; Detection laser E i,π / 2 , E r , E o , E i The phase distribution of the ultra-intense vortex laser is measured by the depth information of the surface plasmon holographic grating formed by irradiating the surface of the plasma target.

[0009] Furthermore, the phase distribution of the ultra-intense vortex laser It is expressed as:

[0010] in Indicated by interference laser E i,π / 2 The surface plasmon holographic grating formed in Depth in coordinates, Indicated by laserE o The surface plasmon holographic grating formed in Depth in coordinates, Indicated by laser E r The surface plasmon holographic grating formed in Depth in coordinates, Interference laser E i The surface plasmon holographic grating formed in Depth in coordinates.

[0011] Preferably, the Gaussian laser pulse of the present invention E r(3) , ultra-strong vortex laser E o(3) Output directly to free space.

[0012] On the other hand, in order to realize the above-mentioned ultra-intense vortex laser phase measurement method, the present invention also proposes an ultra-intense vortex laser phase measurement device, including multiple beam splitters, multiple reflectors, multiple beam combiners, multiple off-axis parabolic mirrors, a plasma target and a detection unit, wherein each beam splitter is used to split the light beam incident on the beam splitter into two paths and then output; The incident Gaussian laser pulse is incident on the first beam splitter and is split into two paths by the first beam splitter. One path of Gaussian laser pulse is used as reference light, and the other path of Gaussian laser pulse obtained by beam splitting passes through the off-axis phase plate and is converted into an ultra-strong vortex laser by the off-axis phase plate as object light. The ultra-strong vortex laser output by the off-axis phase plate is reflected to the fifth beam splitter, and the laser reflected by the fifth beam splitter is incident on the sixth beam splitter. The laser transmitted by the tenth beam splitter is reflected and output by the fourth reflector; the laser output transmitted by the fifth beam splitter is incident on the seventh beam splitter, and the ultra-strong vortex laser is reflected by the seventh beam splitter. E o ; The pulsed laser reflected by the first beam splitter is incident on the second beam splitter, the laser reflected by the second beam splitter is incident on the fourth beam splitter, the laser transmitted by the fourth beam splitter is incident on the third reflector, reflected by the third reflector and output, the laser reflected by the fourth beam splitter is incident on the second reflector, reflected by the second reflector to the first beam combiner, and the laser reflected by the sixth beam splitter is also incident on the first beam combiner, and the first beam combiner outputs interference laser with a phase difference of 0 E i ; The laser transmitted through the second beam splitter is incident on the third beam splitter, and the laser transmitted through the third beam splitter is incident on the first reflector, and the Gaussian laser pulse is reflected by the first reflector. E r; The laser transmitted through the seventh beam splitter is incident on the fifth reflector, reflected by the fifth reflector to the sixth reflector, and reflected by the sixth reflector to the second beam combiner. The laser reflected by the third beam splitter is also incident on the second beam combiner. By adjusting the positions of the fifth and sixth reflectors in the optical path, the laser reflected by the fifth and sixth reflectors to the second beam combiner has the same wavelength as the laser reflected by the third beam splitter. Phase difference, the combined output of the second combiner has Phase difference laser interference E i,π / 2 ; laser E i,π / 2 ,laser E r ,laser E o ,laser E i The laser beam is incident on different positions of the plasma target surface through the first off-axis parabolic mirror, the second off-axis parabolic mirror, the third off-axis parabolic mirror, and the fourth off-axis parabolic mirror, and the detection unit detects the laser beam. E i,π / 2 ,laser E r ,laser E o ,laser E i The depth information of the surface plasmon holographic grating formed by irradiating the plasma target surface is based on the laser E i,π / 2 ,laser E r ,laser E o ,laser E i The depth information of the surface plasmon holographic grating formed by irradiating the surface of the plasma target can measure the phase distribution of the ultra-intense vortex laser.

[0013] Furthermore, the intensity of the ultra-intense vortex laser 10 16 W / cm 2 .

[0014] Furthermore, the detection unit is a plasma density distribution detection unit, which uses visible light, near infrared light or X-ray detection laser E i,π / 2 ,laser E r ,laser E o ,laser E iThe plasma density distribution of the surface plasmon holographic grating formed by irradiating the plasma target surface is used to obtain depth information.

[0015] The invention provides a method for measuring the phase distribution of ultra-strong vortex laser, and provides an effective method for measuring and recording the vortex phase of relativistic object light. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a depth information measuring device of a surface plasmon holographic grating in one embodiment; Figure 2 The schematic diagrams of the surface plasmon holographic grating (SPH) and the generation of ultra-intense vortex lasers are shown, where (a) shows the schematic diagram of the object light and the reference light synchronously irradiating the surface of the plasma target and interfering with each other, and (b) shows the schematic diagram of the surface plasmon holographic grating formed when the object light and the reference light are synchronously irradiated on the surface of the plasma target at 0 ps, ​​0.5 ps and 1 ps, where ps means picoseconds; Figure 3 : is a depth distribution diagram of a surface plasmon holographic grating (SPH) under different conditions in an embodiment, wherein (a) shows an interference laser with a phase difference of 0 E i The depth distribution of the surface plasmon holographic grating formed by irradiating the plasma target surface. (b) shows the depth distribution of the surface plasmon holographic grating formed by irradiating the plasma target surface. Phase difference laser interference E i,π / 2 The depth distribution of the surface plasmon holographic grating formed by irradiating the plasma target surface. (c) shows the laser E o The depth distribution of the surface plasmon holographic grating formed by irradiating the plasma target surface. (d) shows the laser E i Depth profile of the surface plasmon holographic grating formed by irradiating the plasma target surface.

[0018] Figure 4Theoretical and simulated phase distributions of the reconstructed object light and the phase-derived laser electric field diagram, where (a) shows the phase distribution of the reconstructed object light obtained by theoretical calculation, (b) shows the phase distribution of the reconstructed object light obtained by simulation, (c) shows the electric field distribution of the reconstructed object light obtained by theoretical calculation, and (d) shows the electric field distribution of the reconstructed object light obtained by simulation.

[0019] Figure 5 Depth distribution diagram of surface plasmon holographic grating (SPH) under different conditions, where (a) shows the interference laser E i The density distribution of the formed surface plasmon holographic grating (SPH), (b) shows the interference laser E i,π / 2 The density distribution of the surface plasmon holographic grating (SPH) formed by the laser E o (d) shows the density distribution of the surface plasmon holographic grating (SPH) formed by the laser E r (i.e., with only reference light) forming a plasma holographic grating (SPH) density distribution map; Figure 6 The phase distribution of the object light and the distribution of the laser electric field obtained by theoretical calculation under high-order modes and oblique incidence are shown, where (a) shows (a) shows the phase distribution of the object light in the high-order mode, (b) shows the phase distribution of the object light in the case of oblique incidence, (c) shows the laser electric field distribution of the object light in the high-order mode, and (d) shows the laser electric field distribution of the object light in the case of oblique incidence.

[0020] Numbers in the figure: 1. The first beam splitter; 2. The second beam splitter; 3. The third beam splitter; 4. The first reflector; 5. The fourth beam splitter; 6. The second reflector; 7. The third reflector; 8. The off-axis phase plate; 9. The fifth beam splitter; 10. The sixth beam splitter; 11. The fourth reflector; 12. The seventh beam splitter; 13. The first beam combiner; 14. The second beam combiner; 15. The fifth reflector; 16. The sixth reflector; 17. The first off-axis parabolic mirror; 18. The second off-axis parabolic mirror; 19. The third off-axis parabolic mirror; 20. The fourth off-axis parabolic mirror; 21. The plasma target; 22. The detection unit.

[0021] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly understood, the following will be used to clearly illustrate the spirit of the content disclosed by the present invention with the accompanying drawings and detailed descriptions. After understanding the embodiments of the content of the present invention, any person skilled in the art can change and modify the technology taught by the content of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the content of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0023] In one embodiment, a super-intense vortex laser phase measurement method is provided, comprising: The incident Gaussian laser pulse is split into two beams. One of the Gaussian laser pulses is used as the reference light, and the other Gaussian laser pulse is generated as the object light after passing through the off-axis phase plate. The Gaussian laser pulse as the reference light is split into four beams: E r , E r(1) , E r(2) , E r(3) ; The ultra-intense vortex laser beam as the object beam is split into four beams, namely ultra-intense vortex laser E o , E o(1) , E o(2) , E o(3) ; A super-intense vortex laser E o(1) With a Gaussian laser pulse E r(1) Synthetic interference laser E i ; A super-intense vortex laser E o(2) In introducing After the phase is combined with another Gaussian laser pulse E r(2) Synthetic interference laser E i,π / 2 ; Detection laser E i,π / 2 , E r , E o , E i The phase distribution of the ultra-intense vortex laser is measured by the depth information of the surface plasmon holographic grating formed by irradiating the surface of the plasma target.

[0024] Phase distribution of ultra-intense vortex laser It is expressed as:

[0025] in Indicated by interference laser E i,π / 2 The surface plasmon holographic grating formed in Depth in coordinates, Indicated by laser E o The surface plasmon holographic grating formed in Depth in coordinates, Indicated by laser E r The surface plasmon holographic grating formed in Depth in coordinates, Interference laser E i The surface plasmon holographic grating formed in Depth in coordinates.

[0026] The depth information of the surface plasmon holographic grating can be characterized by the plasma density on the surface of the plasma target. The plasma density on the surface of the plasma target is the change in the distance on the x-axis corresponding to a certain specific value, that is, the normal direction perpendicular to the plasma target surface and before the interaction with the laser, which is also the depth of the plasma holographic grating.

[0027] Reference Figure 1 An embodiment provides an ultra-strong vortex laser phase measurement device, including multiple beam splitters, multiple reflectors, multiple beam combiners, multiple off-axis parabolic mirrors, a plasma target and a detection unit, wherein each beam splitter is used to split a light beam incident on the beam splitter into two paths and then output them.

[0028] The incident Gaussian laser pulse is incident on the first beam splitter 1 and is split into two paths by the first beam splitter 1. One path of Gaussian laser pulse is used as reference light, and the other path of Gaussian laser pulse obtained by beam splitting passes through the off-axis phase plate 8 and is converted into an ultra-strong vortex laser by the off-axis phase plate 8 as object light.

[0029] The ultra-strong vortex laser output by the off-axis phase plate 8 is reflected to the fifth beam splitter 9, and the laser reflected by the fifth beam splitter 9 is incident on the sixth beam splitter 10. The laser transmitted by the sixth beam splitter 10 is reflected and output by the fourth reflector 11; the laser output transmitted by the fifth beam splitter 9 is incident on the seventh beam splitter 12, and the ultra-strong vortex laser is reflected by the seventh beam splitter 12. E o ; wherein the intensity of the ultra-intense vortex laser 10 16 W / cm 2 .

[0030] The pulse laser reflected by the first beam splitter 1 is incident on the second beam splitter 2, the laser reflected by the second beam splitter 2 is incident on the fourth beam splitter 5, the laser transmitted by the fourth beam splitter 5 is incident on the third reflector 7, reflected and output by the third reflector 7, the laser reflected by the fourth beam splitter 5 is incident on the second reflector 6, reflected by the second reflector 6 to the first beam combiner 13, and the laser reflected by the sixth beam splitter 10 is also incident on the first beam combiner 13, and the first beam combiner 13 combines and outputs interference laser light with a phase difference of 0 E i ; The laser beam transmitted through the second beam splitter 2 is incident on the third beam splitter 3, and the laser beam transmitted through the third beam splitter 3 is incident on the first reflector 4, and the Gaussian laser pulse is reflected by the first reflector 4. E r ; The laser beam transmitted through the seventh beam splitter 12 is incident on the fifth reflector 15, reflected by the fifth reflector 15 to the sixth reflector 16, and reflected by the sixth reflector to the second beam combiner 14. The laser beam reflected by the third beam splitter 3 is also incident on the second beam combiner 14. By adjusting the positions of the fifth reflector 15 and the sixth reflector 16 in the optical path, the laser beam reflected by the fifth reflector 15 and the sixth reflector 16 to the second beam combiner 14 has the same wavelength as the laser beam reflected by the third beam splitter 3. Phase difference, the combined output of the second combiner 14 has Phase difference laser interference E i,π / 2 ; laser E i,π / 2 ,laser E r ,laser E o ,laser E i The laser beam is incident on different positions of the surface of the plasma target 21 through the first off-axis parabolic mirror 17, the second off-axis parabolic mirror 18, the third off-axis parabolic mirror 19, and the fourth off-axis parabolic mirror 20, and the detection unit 22 detects the laser beam. E i,π / 2 ,laser E r ,laser E o ,laser E i The depth information of the surface plasmon holographic grating formed by irradiating the plasma target surface is based on the laser E i,π / 2,laser E r ,laser E o ,laser E i The depth information of the surface plasmon holographic grating formed by irradiating the surface of the plasma target can measure the phase distribution of the ultra-intense vortex laser.

[0031] The detection unit is a plasma density distribution detection unit, which can use visible light, near infrared light or X-ray detection laser E i,π / 2 ,laser E r ,laser E o ,laser E i The plasma density distribution of the surface plasmon holographic grating formed by irradiating the plasma target surface is used to obtain depth information.

[0032] In the above embodiment, the laser E o As an object light, laser E r As reference light. The intensity of the object light 10 16 W / cm 2 , the intensity of the reference light 10 16 W / cm 2 . Interference laser E i,π / 2 Equivalent to having Interference light of the object light and the reference light with phase difference. Interference laser E i It is equivalent to the interference light between the object light and the reference light with a phase difference of 0.

[0033] The position adjustment method of the fifth reflector and the sixth reflector is not limited. For example, the fifth reflector and the sixth reflector can be mounted on a displacement platform (electric displacement platform or manual displacement platform), and the position of the fifth reflector and the sixth reflector in the optical path can be adjusted by the displacement platform so that the laser reflected by the fifth reflector and the sixth reflector to the second beam combiner has a certain Phase difference. Regarding the design of the displacement platform, many optical path structures in this field include displacement adjustment structure / equipment design, and there are also many mature displacement platform designs in the mechanical field, which are generally composed of guide rails, drive sources, clamps, etc. The present invention does not impose specific restrictions on the displacement platform, and those skilled in the art can make reasonable choices in the existing technology based on needs and application conditions.

[0034] Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the surface plasmon holographic grating (SPH) and the generation of ultra-intense vortex laser is shown, where (a) is a schematic diagram showing the synchronous illumination of the object light and the reference light onto the surface of the plasma target and the interference, and (b) is a schematic diagram showing the surface plasmon holographic grating formed when the object light and the reference light are synchronously illuminated onto the surface of the plasma target at 0ps, 0.5ps and 1ps, where ps represents picoseconds; a beam of object light 1 and a beam of reference light 2 are simultaneously illuminated onto the surface of the plasma target and interfere to form a surface plasmon holographic grating 3.

[0035] The basic characteristic of surface plasmon holographic grating (SPH) is that it can record, store and recover the phase of a light beam.

[0036] Figure 3 : is a depth distribution diagram of a surface plasmon holographic grating (SPH) under different conditions in an embodiment, wherein (a) shows an interference laser with a phase difference of 0 E i The depth distribution of the surface plasmon holographic grating formed by irradiating the plasma target surface. (b) shows the depth distribution of the surface plasmon holographic grating formed by irradiating the plasma target surface. Phase difference interference laser E i,π / 2 The depth distribution of the surface plasmon holographic grating formed by irradiating the plasma target surface. (c) shows the laser E o The depth distribution of the surface plasmon holographic grating formed by irradiating the plasma target surface. (d) shows the laser E i Depth profile of the surface plasmon holographic grating formed by irradiating the plasma target surface.

[0037] Figure 4 Theoretical and simulated phase distribution of the reconstructed object light and the phase-derived laser electric field diagram, where (a) shows the phase distribution of the reconstructed object light obtained by theoretical calculation, (b) shows the phase distribution of the reconstructed object light obtained by simulation, (c) shows the electric field distribution of the reconstructed object light obtained by theoretical calculation, and (d) shows the electric field distribution of the reconstructed object light obtained by simulation. Since the surface plasmon holographic grating (SPH) is formed under laser irradiation, it is assumed that the depth of the surface plasmon holographic grating (SPH) is positively correlated with the energy of laser deposition. The relationship between the depth of the surface plasmon holographic grating (SPH) and the laser energy can be expressed as: ,in is the reference light intensity at the plasma target surface, the pulse duration of the object light and the pulse duration of the reference light Both In order to reconstruct the phase profile of the object beam, the laser E i,π / 2 ,laser E r ,laser E o ,laser E i Four cases of surface plasmon holographic gratings formed by irradiating the plasma target surface. Since the same laser duration is used, the The phase of the object light can be expressed as:

[0038] in Indicated by interference laser E i,π / 2 The surface plasmon holographic grating formed in Depth in coordinates, Indicated by laser E o The surface plasmon holographic grating formed in Depth in coordinates, Indicated by laser E r The surface plasmon holographic grating formed in Depth in coordinates, Interference laser E i The surface plasmon holographic grating formed in Depth in coordinates.

[0039] It can be seen from the formula that in the simulation process, only the laser E i,π / 2 ,laser E r ,laser E o ,laser E i The depth information of the surface plasmon holographic grating formed by irradiating the plasma target surface can be used to measure the phase distribution of the object light. The spiral phase distribution of the object light and the corresponding electric field pattern are obtained from Figure 4 As can be clearly seen in Figure 2, a high degree of agreement between theoretical measurements and simulation results is demonstrated. In addition, the use of data processing algorithms may further improve the precision and accuracy of phase reconstruction.

[0040] Figure 5 Depth distribution diagram of surface plasmon holographic grating (SPH) under different conditions, where (a) shows the interference laser E iThe density distribution of the formed surface plasmon holographic grating (SPH), (b) shows the interference laser E i,π / 2 The density distribution of the surface plasmon holographic grating (SPH) formed by the laser E o (d) shows the density distribution of the surface plasmon holographic grating (SPH) formed by the laser E r (i.e., with only reference light) to form a plasma holographic grating (SPH) density distribution diagram; Figure 5 As shown in (a)-(b), when the initial phase of the object light is changed, the pattern of the surface plasmon holographic grating (SPH) remains unchanged but rotates.

[0041] Figure 6 The phase distribution of the object light and the distribution of the laser electric field obtained by theoretical calculation under high-order modes and oblique incidence are shown, where (a) shows (a) shows the phase distribution of the object light in the high-order mode, (b) shows the phase distribution of the object light in the case of oblique incidence, (c) shows the laser electric field distribution of the object light in the high-order mode, and (d) shows the laser electric field distribution of the object light in the case of oblique incidence. In order to verify the applicability of the phase measurement method in high-order modes and oblique incidence, the phase distribution and corresponding electric field distribution in these two cases were theoretically calculated. As shown in Figures (a)-(d), the theoretical results show that the object light The phase distribution and electric field distribution of the object beam under modal and oblique incidence demonstrate the robustness of the method.

[0042] Matters not covered by the present invention are known technologies.

[0043] The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0044] The above-described embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be pointed out that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A method for measuring the phase of an ultra-intense vortex laser, characterized in that: include: The incident Gaussian laser pulse is split into two beams. One of the Gaussian laser pulses is used as the reference light, and the other Gaussian laser pulse is generated as the object light after passing through the off-axis phase plate. The Gaussian laser pulse as the reference light is split into four beams: E r , E r(1) , E r(2) , E r(3) ; The ultra-intense vortex laser beam as the object beam is split into four beams, namely ultra-intense vortex laser E o , E o(1) , E o(2) , E o(3) ; A super-intense vortex laser E o(1) With a Gaussian laser pulse E r(1) Synthetic interference laser E i ; A super-intense vortex laser E o(2) In introducing After the phase is combined with another Gaussian laser pulse E r(2) Synthetic interference laser E i,π / 2 ; Detection laser E i,π / 2 , E r , E o , E i The phase distribution of the ultra-intense vortex laser is measured by the depth information of the surface plasmon holographic grating formed by irradiating the surface of the plasma target.

2. The ultra-strong vortex laser phase measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Phase distribution of ultra-intense vortex laser It is expressed as: in Indicated by interference laser E i,π / 2 The surface plasmon holographic grating formed in Depth in coordinates, Indicated by laser E o The surface plasmon holographic grating formed in Depth in coordinates, Indicated by laser E r The surface plasmon holographic grating formed in Depth in coordinates, Interference laser E i The surface plasmon holographic grating formed in Depth in coordinates.

3. The ultra-strong vortex laser phase measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Gaussian laser pulse E r(3) , ultra-strong vortex laser E o(3) Output directly to free space.

4. An ultra-intense vortex laser phase measurement device for realizing the ultra-intense vortex laser phase measurement method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: It includes a plurality of beam splitters, a plurality of reflectors, a plurality of beam combiners, a plurality of off-axis parabolic mirrors, a plasma target and a detection unit, wherein each beam splitter is used to split a light beam incident on the beam splitter into two paths and then output the light beam; The incident Gaussian laser pulse is incident on the first beam splitter and is split into two paths by the first beam splitter. One path of Gaussian laser pulse is used as reference light, and the other path of Gaussian laser pulse obtained by beam splitting passes through the off-axis phase plate and is converted into an ultra-strong vortex laser by the off-axis phase plate as object light. The ultra-strong vortex laser output by the off-axis phase plate is reflected to the fifth beam splitter, and the laser reflected by the fifth beam splitter is incident on the sixth beam splitter. The laser transmitted by the tenth beam splitter is reflected and output by the fourth reflector; the laser output transmitted by the fifth beam splitter is incident on the seventh beam splitter, and the ultra-strong vortex laser is reflected by the seventh beam splitter. E o ; The pulsed laser reflected by the first beam splitter is incident on the second beam splitter, the laser reflected by the second beam splitter is incident on the fourth beam splitter, the laser transmitted by the fourth beam splitter is incident on the third reflector, reflected by the third reflector and output, the laser reflected by the fourth beam splitter is incident on the second reflector, reflected by the second reflector to the first beam combiner, and the laser reflected by the sixth beam splitter is also incident on the first beam combiner, and the first beam combiner outputs interference laser with a phase difference of 0 E i ; The laser transmitted through the second beam splitter is incident on the third beam splitter, and the laser transmitted through the third beam splitter is incident on the first reflector, and the Gaussian laser pulse is reflected by the first reflector. E r ; The laser transmitted through the seventh beam splitter is incident on the fifth reflector, reflected by the fifth reflector to the sixth reflector, and reflected by the sixth reflector to the second beam combiner. The laser reflected by the third beam splitter is also incident on the second beam combiner. By adjusting the positions of the fifth and sixth reflectors in the optical path, the laser reflected by the fifth and sixth reflectors to the second beam combiner has the same wavelength as the laser reflected by the third beam splitter. Phase difference, the combined output of the second combiner has Phase difference interference laser E i,π / 2 ; laser E i,π / 2 ,laser E r ,laser E o ,laser E i The laser beam is incident on different positions of the plasma target surface through the first off-axis parabolic mirror, the second off-axis parabolic mirror, the third off-axis parabolic mirror, and the fourth off-axis parabolic mirror, and the detection unit detects the laser beam. E i,π / 2 ,laser E r ,laser E o ,laser E i The depth information of the surface plasmon holographic grating formed by irradiating the plasma target surface is based on the laser E i,π / 2 ,laser E r ,laser E o ,laser E i The depth information of the surface plasmon holographic grating formed by irradiating the surface of the plasma target can measure the phase distribution of the ultra-intense vortex laser.

5. The ultra-strong vortex laser phase measurement device according to claim 4, characterized in that: Phase distribution of ultra-intense vortex laser It is expressed as: in Indicated by interference laser E i,π / 2 The surface plasmon holographic grating formed in Depth in coordinates, Indicated by laser E o The surface plasmon holographic grating formed in Depth in coordinates, Indicated by laser E r The surface plasmon holographic grating formed in Depth in coordinates, Interference laser E i The surface plasmon holographic grating formed in Depth in coordinates.

6. The ultra-strong vortex laser phase measurement device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The intensity of the ultra-intense vortex laser 10 16 W / cm 2 .

7. The ultra-strong vortex laser phase measurement device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The detection unit is a plasma density distribution detection unit, which uses visible light, near infrared light or X-ray detection laser E i,π / 2 ,laser E r ,laser E o ,laser E i The plasma density distribution of the surface plasmon holographic grating formed by irradiating the plasma target surface is used to obtain depth information.

8. The ultra-strong vortex laser phase measurement device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fifth reflector and the sixth reflector are mounted on a displacement platform, and the positions of the fifth reflector and the sixth reflector in the optical path are adjusted by the displacement platform so that the laser reflected by the fifth reflector and the sixth reflector to the second beam combiner has a certain Phase difference.

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