Solid-state circuit breaker and electronic device
By designing the converter module, current limiting module and consumption module in a solid-state circuit breaker, the functions of fast current limiting and fault converting in a single topology are realized, and the conduction loss and heating problems in the prior art are solved. Improves equipment reliability and adaptability.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411585207.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-07
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-31
AI Technical Summary
The existing technology cannot achieve both fast current limiting and fault converting modes in a single topology, resulting in large conduction loss and heating problems in normal operation of solid-state circuit breakers, and are costly, affecting the DC distribution system. practicality and reliability.
A solid-state circuit breaker including a converter module, a current limiting module and a consumption module is designed. By increasing the current limiting current of the current limiting module, the converter module conducts the fault current in the event of a fault, and the consumption module consumes power. Achieve fast current limiting and fault shutdown.
It realizes the ability to simultaneously have fast current limiting and fault converting in a single topology, reduces the conduction loss during normal flow, improves equipment reliability and the ability to adapt to complex working conditions, and reduces maintenance costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN119231458A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electrical equipment, and in particular to a solid-state circuit breaker and an electronic device. Background Art
[0002] In the prior art, DC circuit breakers can be divided into mechanical DC circuit breakers, solid-state DC circuit breakers and hybrid DC circuit breakers according to different topological structures. Traditional mechanical DC circuit breakers have large flow capacity, but long shutdown time. Long-term conduction of fault current will cause serious damage to the DC system and load. Solid-state DC circuit breakers mainly use semiconductor devices, and the shutdown speed has been significantly improved compared with traditional mechanical DC circuit breakers, but the large conduction loss and high cost limit its development. Many scholars have done certain targeted research on solid-state DC circuit breakers. There is a solid-state DC circuit breaker that uses a parallel structure of multiple power electronic devices and metal oxide arresters (MOVs). Multiple power electronic devices are connected in parallel to carry the rated current. The shutdown overvoltage of the power electronic devices is used to turn on the MOV for secondary current transfer, and the system energy is consumed in the MOV branch to complete the interruption of the fault current. The topological structure of the above-mentioned solid-state circuit breaker has large conduction loss at rated flow, serious heat generation, high cost, and no current limiting capability. The above implementations cannot achieve both fast current limiting and fault shutdown or commutation modes in a single topology, and lack control switching strategies for these two modes. All solid-state devices have large conduction losses and serious heating problems in normal operation; using complex topologies will not only increase costs, but also reduce equipment reliability, which will seriously affect the practicality of DC power distribution systems and increase maintenance costs. Summary of the invention
[0003] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a solid-state circuit breaker and an electronic device to solve the problem in the prior art that it is impossible to achieve both fast current limiting and fault switching modes in a single topology structure.
[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, according to the first aspect of the present application, a solid-state circuit breaker is provided, including: a current conversion module, used to conduct the fault current in the solid-state circuit breaker; a current limiting module, connected in parallel with the current conversion module, used to limit the current in the solid-state circuit breaker; a consumption module, connected in parallel with the current limiting module and in parallel with the current conversion module, and the consumption module is used to consume the electrical energy of the fault current.
[0005] Optionally, the current limiting module includes a current limiting submodule, a first shutoff device and a voltage-resistant module, the current limiting submodule is connected in series with the voltage-resistant module, and the first shutoff device is connected in parallel with the current limiting submodule.
[0006] Optionally, the voltage-resistant module includes a thyristor, or multiple thyristors, and the multiple thyristors are connected in series.
[0007] Optionally, the current limiting submodule is a metal oxide arrester or a current limiting circuit.
[0008] Optionally, the current limiting circuit is one of the following: a resistor; multiple resistors, multiple resistors are connected in series, or multiple resistors are connected in parallel, or multiple resistors are mixed; a capacitor and at least one resistor, at least one resistor is connected in series to form a resistor branch, and the resistor branch is connected in parallel with the capacitor; a capacitor and at least one resistor, the resistor is connected in series with the capacitor; a metal oxide arrester and a capacitor, the metal oxide arrester is connected in parallel with the capacitor.
[0009] Optionally, the first turn-off device includes an IGBT.
[0010] Optionally, the consumption module is a metal oxide arrester.
[0011] Optionally, when the solid-state circuit breaker is normally turned on, the current flows through the voltage-resistant module and the first disconnecting device. When it is detected that the current magnitude is greater than or equal to a first threshold, the conversion module is turned off and the current flows through the voltage-resistant module and the current limiting submodule.
[0012] Optionally, when the current magnitude is greater than or equal to a second threshold, the converter module and the consumption module are turned on, and the current flows through the converter module and the consumption module.
[0013] According to another aspect of the present application, an electronic device is provided, comprising: at least one solid-state circuit breaker as described above.
[0014] By applying the technical solution of the present application, the solid-state circuit breaker includes: a current conversion module, a current limiting module and a consumption module, wherein, when the current of the solid-state circuit breaker increases, the current limiting module will limit the current of the above-mentioned current to limit the current size in the above-mentioned solid-state circuit breaker, and when the above-mentioned current further increases, it indicates that a fault has occurred in the solid-state circuit breaker, and the current conversion module will conduct the fault current in the solid-state circuit breaker for conduction and conversion, and finally the consumption module will consume the fault current flowing through the conversion module, thus realizing a solid-state circuit breaker that can both quickly limit the current and shut off the fault current, and convert the fault current. This solves the problem in the prior art that it is impossible to simultaneously have both fast current limiting and fault conversion modes in a single topology structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] The drawings constituting part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present application. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present application are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:
[0016] Figure 1 A structural block diagram of a solid-state circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present application is shown;
[0017] Figure 2 A structural schematic diagram of another solid-state circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present application is shown.
[0018] The above drawings include the following reference numerals:
[0019] 10. Current conversion module; 20. Current limiting module; 21. Current limiting submodule; 22. First shutoff device; 23. Voltage withstand module; 30. Consumption module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0020] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and are intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs.
[0021] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0022] It should be understood that when an element (such as a layer, film, region, or substrate) is described as being "on" another element, the element may be directly on the other element, or there may be intermediate elements. Moreover, in the specification and claims, when an element is described as being "connected" to another element, the element may be "directly connected" to the other element, or "connected" to the other element through a third element.
[0023] As introduced in the background technology, the topological structure of the solid-state circuit breaker in the prior art has large conduction losses at rated current, severe heat generation, high cost, and no current limiting capability. None of the above implementations can achieve both fast current limiting and fault shutdown or commutation modes in a single topological structure, and lacks control switching strategies for these two modes. All solid-state devices have large conduction losses and serious heat generation problems in normal operation; using complex topological structures will not only increase costs, but also reduce equipment reliability, which will seriously affect the practicality of the DC power distribution system and increase maintenance costs.
[0024] The solid-state circuit breaker provided in the embodiment of the present application is Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the solid-state circuit breaker includes: a converter module 10, used to conduct the fault current in the solid-state circuit breaker; a current limiting module 20, connected in parallel with the converter module 10, used to limit the current in the solid-state circuit breaker; a consumption module 30, connected in parallel with the current limiting module 20 and in parallel with the converter module 10, and the consumption module 30 is used to consume the electric energy of the fault current.
[0025] The above-mentioned solid-state circuit breaker provided by the present application includes: a commutation module, a current limiting module and a consumption module, wherein, when the current of the solid-state circuit breaker increases, the current limiting module will limit the current of the above-mentioned current to limit the current size in the above-mentioned solid-state circuit breaker, and when the above-mentioned current further increases, it indicates that a fault has occurred in the solid-state circuit breaker, and the commutation module will conduct the fault current in the solid-state circuit breaker, and finally the consumption module will consume the fault current flowing through the commutation module, thereby realizing a solid-state circuit breaker that can both quickly limit the current and shut off the fault current, and commutate the fault current. The problem that the prior art cannot realize both the fast current limiting and fault commutation modes in a single topology is solved.
[0026] In some optional embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the current limiting module includes a current limiting submodule 21, a first shutoff device 22 and a voltage-resistant module 23. The current limiting submodule 21 is connected in series with the voltage-resistant module 23, and the first shutoff device 22 is connected in parallel with the current limiting submodule 21.
[0027] In the above optional implementation manner, if Figure 2 As shown, the current limiting module includes a flow branch and a current limiting branch. The current limiting submodule 21 and the first shutoff device 22 constitute the flow branch. When the solid-state circuit breaker is working normally, the current flows through the current limiting submodule 21 and the first shutoff device 22. The current limiting submodule 21 and the withstand voltage module 23 constitute the current limiting branch. When the current in the solid-state circuit breaker suddenly increases, the first shutoff device 22 is shut off, and the current flows through the current limiting submodule 21 and the withstand voltage module 23. The withstand voltage module 23 is used to stabilize the voltage of the solid-state circuit breaker, and the current limiting submodule 21 is used to consume the current to achieve the purpose of current limiting.
[0028] In some optional embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the voltage-resistant module 23 includes a thyristor or a plurality of thyristors, and the plurality of thyristors are connected in series.
[0029] In the above optional implementation manner, if Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2The withstand voltage module 23 shown in the figure is formed by multiple thyristors connected in series, and the withstand voltage module 23 can also be formed by only one thyristor (not shown in the figure). The flow of current can be controlled. By controlling the on and off state of the thyristor, the current in the circuit can be adjusted to achieve overload protection and current limitation for the solid-state circuit breaker. The voltage in the solid-state circuit breaker circuit can be stabilized. By adjusting the on and off state of the thyristor, the voltage in the circuit can be kept stable to avoid the influence of voltage fluctuations on the equipment.
[0030] In some optional implementations, the current limiting submodule is a metal oxide arrester or a current limiting circuit.
[0031] In the above optional implementation, the above current limiting submodule can also be a current limiting resistor. When the current in the above solid-state circuit breaker circuit exceeds the rated value of the current limiting resistor, the current limiting resistor will prevent excessive current from passing through, thereby protecting the circuit from being overloaded. Metal oxide surge arrester (MOV) can be used as a substitute for current limiting resistor. Its function is to quickly turn on when overvoltage appears in the circuit, lead the overvoltage to the ground, and protect other devices and circuits from damage. MOV usually has a high voltage tolerance and response speed, and can effectively protect the equipment from voltage surges. A current limiting circuit is a circuit used to smooth current or voltage fluctuations in a circuit, which can reduce peak current or voltage in the circuit and protect the equipment from damage caused by sudden voltage changes. The current limiting circuit can be composed of components such as capacitors and inductors, which can stabilize the working state of the circuit and improve the stability and reliability of the circuit.
[0032] In some optional embodiments, the above-mentioned current limiting circuit is one of the following: a resistor; multiple resistors, multiple resistors are connected in series, or multiple resistors are connected in parallel, or multiple resistors are mixed; a capacitor and at least one resistor, at least one resistor is connected in series to form a resistor branch, and the above-mentioned resistor branch is connected in parallel with the above-mentioned capacitor; a capacitor and at least one resistor, the above-mentioned resistor is connected in series with the above-mentioned capacitor; a metal oxide surge arrester and a capacitor, the above-mentioned metal oxide surge arrester is connected in parallel with the above-mentioned capacitor.
[0033] In the above optional embodiments, the above current limiting circuit has a variety of connection modes. First, the above current limiting circuit can form a current limiting branch by a resistor in the circuit of the above solid-state circuit breaker; second, the above current limiting circuit can form a current limiting branch by a plurality of resistors in series in the circuit of the above solid-state circuit breaker; third, the above current limiting circuit can form a current limiting branch by a plurality of resistors in parallel in the circuit of the above solid-state circuit breaker; fourth, the above current limiting circuit can form a current limiting branch by electrically connecting a branch in which a plurality of resistors are connected in series and a branch in which a plurality of resistors are connected in parallel in the circuit of the above solid-state circuit breaker; fifth, the above current limiting circuit can form a current limiting branch by connecting one or more resistors in series, or in parallel, or in mixed connection and a capacitor in parallel in the circuit of the above solid-state circuit breaker; sixth, the above current limiting circuit can form a current limiting branch by connecting the above metal oxide surge arrester in parallel with the above capacitor in the circuit of the above solid-state circuit breaker.
[0034] In some optional implementations, the first turn-off device includes an IGBT.
[0035] In the above optional implementation, the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) has the characteristics of high-speed switching capability and low on-state voltage drop, and can provide high impedance when disconnecting the circuit, effectively preventing the flow of current and realizing circuit disconnection. IGBT plays the role of controlling current and disconnecting the circuit in the solid-state circuit breaker, protecting the circuit and equipment from damage by overload current. The structure of IGBT mainly includes three main parts: N-type substrate, P-type substrate and insulating gate. The N-type substrate and the P-type substrate are isolated by an insulating gate, which can control the flow of current. IGBT can control the conduction and cutoff of current by controlling the gate voltage to realize the switching function of the circuit. IGBT also has high voltage resistance and low on-state voltage drop, which is suitable for high-power and high-frequency circuit control.
[0036] Specifically, the first turn-off device may also include a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) and a gate controlled thyristor (GTO). MOSFET has a simple structure, low power consumption, and fast response speed, and is suitable for high-frequency switching applications. In solid-state circuit breakers, MOSFET can be used in low-voltage, high-frequency switching circuits. GTO has the characteristics of high voltage, high current, high temperature, etc., and is suitable for high-power switching applications. In solid-state circuit breakers, GTO is usually used in high-voltage, high-power switching circuits.
[0037] The circuit of the solid-state circuit breaker may also include devices such as diodes, thyristors and fast switching diodes to achieve control and protection functions of different circuits. The selection of these devices depends on the specific application scenarios and requirements, and they can be combined and configured as needed to achieve solid-state circuit breaker designs with different performance and functions.
[0038] Specifically, the above-mentioned commutation module includes a second shut-off device. The topological structure of the above-mentioned solid-state circuit breaker in the present application reduces the conduction loss during normal current flow. The above-mentioned second shut-off device has no loss when the above-mentioned solid-state circuit breaker is normally turned on. Only the heat dissipation design of the above-mentioned first shut-off device needs to be considered. The shut-off action of the above-mentioned solid-state circuit breaker only relies on the above-mentioned second shut-off device, and the above-mentioned first shut-off device does not participate in fault shutdown.
[0039] In some optional embodiments, the above-mentioned consumption module is a metal oxide arrester.
[0040] In the above optional embodiment, the metal oxide arrester is a device for protecting electrical equipment from overvoltage damage. In a solid-state circuit breaker, the arrester is used to consume the overvoltage caused by a fault, thereby protecting the equipment from damage. The arrester uses components such as a gas discharge tube or a varistor inside it, and when the voltage exceeds a set value, it will cause a discharge, directing the overvoltage to the ground or consuming its energy. In this way, the overvoltage can be effectively directed to the ground or consumed to protect the equipment, protect the equipment from overvoltage damage, and extend the life of the equipment. In addition to being used in solid-state circuit breakers, arresters are also widely used in power systems, communication systems, computer equipment and other fields to protect equipment from overvoltage damage in situations such as lightning strikes and power grid failures. The arrester has the characteristics of fast response, high reliability and long life, and is one of the important devices for protecting electrical equipment.
[0041] Furthermore, the consumption module can also be a resistance branch, an inductance branch and a capacitance branch, wherein the resistance branch converts the fault current into heat energy dissipation through a series resistor, thereby realizing the consumption of the fault current. The inductance branch converts the fault current into magnetic field energy through a series inductance, thereby realizing the consumption of the fault current. The capacitance branch converts the fault current into electric field energy through a parallel capacitor, thereby realizing the consumption of the fault current.
[0042] In some optional embodiments, when the solid-state circuit breaker is normally turned on, the current flows through the voltage-resistant module and the first disconnecting device. When it is detected that the current is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the converter module is turned off, and the current flows through the voltage-resistant module and the current limiting submodule.
[0043] In the above optional implementation, when the solid-state circuit breaker is in a normal current flow state, the withstand voltage module and the first disconnecting device including a thyristor or a plurality of thyristors connected in series are turned on, and the current of the solid-state circuit breaker flows through the withstand voltage module and the first disconnecting device of the current flow branch. The overload threshold is defined as I1. For example, when I1 is 300A, when the load in the circuit of the solid-state circuit breaker exceeds the overload threshold of 300A of the rated current of the solid-state circuit breaker, when the current of the solid-state circuit breaker reaches the overload threshold I1, the current limiting mode is entered, the first disconnecting device is turned off, and the overload current of the solid-state circuit breaker flows through the current limiting submodule of the current limiting module. The current limiting submodule includes one of the following: a current limiting resistor, a metal oxide arrester, and a current limiting circuit. The current limiting submodule consumes the overload current to make the current tend to a normal level.
[0044] In some optional implementations, when the current magnitude is greater than or equal to a second threshold, the inverter module and the consumption module are turned on, and the current flows through the inverter module and the consumption module.
[0045] In the above optional implementation, the overload threshold is defined as I2, such as I2 is 500A, when a short circuit or ground fault occurs in the circuit of the above solid-state circuit breaker, a fault current higher than 500A is generated, and when the current of the above solid-state circuit breaker reaches the fault threshold I2, the above second disconnecting device is turned on, and the fault current of the above solid-state circuit breaker is commutated to the above commutation module. After the fault current of the above solid-state circuit breaker flows through the above commutation module, the above second disconnecting device is turned off, an overvoltage is established to turn on the arrester MOV, and the fault current is dissipated through the MOV, completing the short-circuit fault breaking of the above solid-state circuit breaker.
[0046] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device, comprising: at least one of the above-mentioned solid-state circuit breaker.
[0047] From the above description, it can be seen that the above embodiments of the present application achieve the following technical effects:
[0048] 1) According to the present application, a solid-state circuit breaker includes a current conversion module, a current limiting module and a consumption module, wherein, when the current of the solid-state circuit breaker increases, the current limiting module will limit the current to limit the current size in the solid-state circuit breaker. When the current further increases, it indicates that a fault has occurred in the solid-state circuit breaker. The current conversion module will conduct the fault current in the solid-state circuit breaker, and finally the consumption module will consume the fault current flowing through the conversion module, thus realizing a solid-state circuit breaker that can both quickly limit the current and shut off the fault current, and convert the fault current. This solves the problem in the prior art that it is impossible to simultaneously have both fast current limiting and fault conversion modes in a single topology.
[0049] 2) The above-mentioned commutation module in the above-mentioned solid-state circuit breaker provided in the present application includes a second shut-off device. The topological structure of the above-mentioned solid-state circuit breaker in the present application reduces the conduction loss during normal current flow. The above-mentioned second shut-off device has no loss when the above-mentioned solid-state circuit breaker is normally turned on. Only the heat dissipation design of the above-mentioned first shut-off device needs to be considered. The shut-off action of the above-mentioned solid-state circuit breaker only relies on the above-mentioned second shut-off device, and the above-mentioned first shut-off device does not participate in fault shutdown.
[0050] 3) The solid-state circuit breaker provided in the present application, which can simultaneously have both fast current limiting and fault switching modes in a single topology structure, has a simple topology structure, high reliability, and is adaptable to the complex working conditions of the DC power distribution system.
[0051] It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.
[0052] Note that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present application and the technical principles used. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and that various obvious changes, readjustments, combinations and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, although the present application is described in more detail through the above embodiments, the present application is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include more other equivalent embodiments without departing from the concept of the present application, and the scope of the present application is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims
1. A solid-state circuit breaker, characterized in that: include: A commutation module for conducting fault current in a solid-state circuit breaker; A current limiting module, connected in parallel with the current conversion module, for limiting the current in the solid-state circuit breaker; A consumption module is connected in parallel with the current limiting module and the current conversion module, and the consumption module is used to consume the electric energy of the fault current.
2. The solid-state circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: The current limiting module comprises a current limiting submodule, a first shutoff device and a voltage-resistant module. The current limiting submodule is connected in series with the voltage-resistant module, and the first shutoff device is connected in parallel with the current limiting submodule.
3. The solid-state circuit breaker according to claim 2, characterized in that: The voltage-resistant module includes a thyristor or a plurality of thyristors, and the plurality of thyristors are connected in series.
4. The solid-state circuit breaker according to claim 2, characterized in that: The current limiting submodule is a metal oxide arrester or a current limiting circuit.
5. The solid-state circuit breaker according to claim 4, characterized in that: The current limiting circuit is one of the following: A resistor; A plurality of resistors, wherein the plurality of resistors are connected in series, or the plurality of resistors are connected in parallel, or the plurality of resistors are mixed in series; A capacitor and at least one resistor, the at least one resistor is connected in series to form a resistance branch, and the resistance branch is connected in parallel with the capacitor; A capacitor and at least one resistor, wherein the resistor is connected in series with the capacitor; A metal oxide lightning arrester and a capacitor, wherein the metal oxide lightning arrester is connected in parallel with the capacitor.
6. The solid-state circuit breaker according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first turn-off device includes an IGBT.
7. The solid-state circuit breaker according to claim 2, characterized in that: The consumption module is a metal oxide arrester.
8. The solid-state circuit breaker according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the solid-state circuit breaker is normally turned on, the current flows through the voltage-resistant module and the first disconnecting device. When it is detected that the current magnitude is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the commutation module is turned off, and the current flows through the voltage-resistant module and the current limiting submodule.
9. The solid-state circuit breaker according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the current magnitude is greater than or equal to a second threshold, the converter module and the consumption module are turned on, and the current flows through the converter module and the consumption module.
10. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: At least one solid state circuit breaker as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.