A tunnel boring device that can accurately simulate ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction

Abstract

The present application relates to a tunnel boring device that can accurately simulate the ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction, comprising: a tunnel model, an elastic membrane embedded outside the tunnel model, the tunnel comprising multiple expandable single-ring models arranged side by side; a telescopic device, the telescopic device being arranged in the single-ring model and used to control the expansion and contraction of the single-ring model, the multiple telescopic devices being connected in series via load-bearing rods; an automated control system, the automated control system comprising a motor and a signal control system, the motor being arranged in the telescopic device, the signal control system being connected to the motor via a signal transmission line. The present invention connects multiple single-ring models via load-bearing rods, each single-ring model being independent of each other and adjustable step by step. By controlling each single-ring model to simulate different stratum losses, the shield boring process in actual engineering is realistically simulated. After removing the load-bearing rods, the natural settlement of the shield machine can also be simulated, which is more in line with actual construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of shield tunneling, and in particular to a tunneling device that can accurately simulate the ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction. Background Art

[0002] During shield tunnel construction, due to the diameter difference between the shield machine casing and the tunnel lining, when the shield tail is released from the segment, a circular columnar gap is formed between the segment tunnel and the soil. This gap is called the shield tail gap. If this gap is not filled in time, it will cause significant settlement of the soil above. Filling the pores with the surrounding soil will cause significant ground settlement. At the same time, after the segment is installed, it will undergo a certain amount of elastic-plastic deformation under the action of the surrounding soil pressure. The surrounding soil will deform inward as it moves, causing ground loss.

[0003] Ground loss refers to the difference between the volume of soil excavated during shield tunneling and the volume of the completed tunnel. The ground loss rate is equal to the volume of the shield tail gap divided by the actual volume of soil excavated in the tunnel. If ground loss caused by the shield tail gap is not promptly addressed, the soil around the tunnel will converge inward due to lack of support. This movement of soil will cause surface subsidence, affecting surface roads and surrounding buildings, and causing various engineering geological hazards.

[0004] At present, in order to better simulate the stratum loss during shield tunneling, summarize its deformation law, and thus provide guidance for construction, tunneling simulation devices are often used to simulate shield construction. However, the tunneling simulation devices in the existing technology cannot accurately simulate the actual shield stratum loss situation, and there are certain differences from the actual construction process. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a tunnel boring device that can accurately simulate the stratum loss ring by ring during shield construction, so as to overcome the defect that the existing tunnel boring simulation device cannot accurately simulate the actual shield stratum loss situation.

[0006] A tunnel boring device capable of accurately simulating ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction, comprising:

[0007] A tunnel model, wherein an elastic membrane is embedded outside the tunnel model, and the tunnel includes a plurality of scalable single-ring models arranged side by side;

[0008] A telescopic device, which is arranged in the single-ring model and is used to control the expansion and contraction of the single-ring model. A plurality of the telescopic devices are connected in series through a load-bearing rod;

[0009] An automatic control system includes a motor and a signal control system. The motor is arranged in the telescopic device, and the signal control system is connected to the motor through a signal transmission line.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the tunnel boring device of the present invention that can accurately simulate the ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction, the elastic membrane is prestressed.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the tunnel boring device of the present invention that can accurately simulate the ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction, the single-ring model includes a hard circular arc plate and an arc-shaped connecting plate. Multiple hard circular arc plates are connected into a cylindrical shape. The arc-shaped connecting plate is arranged on the inner side of the hard circular arc plate, and a first connecting hole is provided on its side.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the tunnel boring device of the present invention that can accurately simulate the ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction, the interconnected sides of the hard arc plates are of a serrated structure.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the tunnel boring device of the present invention that can accurately simulate the ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction, the telescopic device includes a positioning plate, a cam plate and a strut, the positioning plate and the cam plate are arranged side by side at intervals, the positioning plate is connected to the fixed end of the motor, the cam plate is connected to the rotating end of the motor, the cam plate is provided with a plurality of telescopic grooves around its circumference, one end of the strut is slidably connected to the telescopic groove, and the other end thereof is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped connecting plate.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the tunnel boring device of the present invention that can accurately simulate the ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction, the positioning plate is in a circular shape as a whole, the inner ring of which is provided with a second connecting hole, the outer ring of which is provided with through holes at intervals, and sliding grooves are provided between adjacent through holes. The sliding grooves are arranged along the radial direction of the positioning plate, and third connecting holes are provided on both sides of the sliding groove. The third connecting holes are connected to the limiting slider through screws.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the tunnel boring device of the present invention that can accurately simulate the ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction, one end of the support rod is provided with a splicing groove, which is slidably connected to the telescopic groove through a rotating shaft passing through the splicing groove, and the other end of the support rod is provided with a fourth connecting hole, which is connected to the arc-shaped connecting plate through screws passing through the first connecting hole and the fourth connecting hole.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the tunnel boring device of the present invention that can accurately simulate the ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction, both ends of the support rod are further provided with fifth connecting holes, and pressure plates are connected to the fifth connecting holes by screws.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the tunnel boring device of the present invention that can accurately simulate the ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction, the cam plate is in the shape of a circular ring as a whole, and its diameter is smaller than the diameter of the positioning plate. The inner ring of the cam plate is provided with a sixth connecting hole, and the telescopic groove is provided on the outer ring of the cam plate and is inclined to its axial direction.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the tunnel boring device of the present invention that can accurately simulate the ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction, the load-bearing rods and the signal transmission lines are arranged in the through holes at intervals.

[0019] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0020] 1. The present invention connects multiple single-ring models through load-bearing rods. Each single-ring model is independent of each other and can be adjusted step by step. By controlling each single-ring model to simulate different stratum losses, the shield tunneling process in actual engineering is truly simulated. After removing the load-bearing rods, the natural settlement of the shield machine can also be simulated, which is more in line with actual construction.

[0021] 2. The elastic membrane embedded outside the tunnel model of the present invention plays a role in waterproofing and preventing soil samples from falling into the tunnel model, thereby enabling tunnel excavation in a water environment, which is more in line with a real tunnel excavation environment.

[0022] 3. The present invention provides a certain expansion pressure to make the tunnel model expand outward to reserve a certain space, thereby simulating the soil layer uplift caused by excessive grouting pressure, excessive shield machine top thrust, shield machine shutdown and resumption of excavation during tunnel excavation, and other reasons, and then exploring its deep impact. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 This is one of the structural diagrams of the tunneling automation device in Example 1 of the present application;

[0025] Figure 2 This is the second structural diagram of the tunneling automation device in Example 1 of the present application;

[0026] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the connection structure of the hard arc plate and the arc-shaped connecting plate in Example 1 of the present application;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the motor in Example 1 of the present application;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of the positioning plate in Example 1 of the present application;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of the cam in Example 1 of the present application;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of the support rod in Example 1 of the present application;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tunneling automation device in Example 2 of the present application;

[0032] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tunneling automation device in Example 3 of the present application;

[0033] Description of reference numerals:

[0034] 1. Tunnel model; 11. Hard arc plate; 12. Arc connecting plate; 13. First connecting hole

[0035] 2. Telescopic device; 21. Positioning plate; 211. Second connecting hole; 212. Through hole; 213. Sliding slot; 214. Third connecting hole; 22. Cam plate; 221. Telescopic slot; 222. Sixth connecting hole; 23. Support rod; 231. Joint slot; 232. Rotating axis; 233. Fourth connecting hole; 234. Fifth connecting hole; 24. Sliding block; 25. Pressing plate;

[0036] 3. Automatic control system; 31. Motor;

[0037] 4. Seepage holes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the specific embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following description sets forth many specific details to facilitate a full understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many other ways than those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0039] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0040] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. Throughout the description of this application, "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0041] In this application, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection or electrical connection; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two elements or interaction between two elements, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on specific circumstances.

[0042] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, when a first feature is "above" or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, when a first feature is "above," "above," or "above" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. When a first feature is "below," "below," or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.

[0043] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be an intermediate element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only implementation methods.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] This embodiment provides a tunnel boring device that can accurately simulate the ground loss of each ring during shield construction, and is used to accurately simulate the actual ground loss of shield construction, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, it includes a tunnel model 1, a telescopic device 2 and an automatic control system 3. The tunnel model 1 is buried in the test soil and an elastic membrane (not shown in the figure) is nested on the outside. The tunnel model 1 includes multiple expandable single-ring models arranged side by side. The telescopic device 2 is arranged in the single-ring model to control the expansion and contraction of the single-ring model. The multiple telescopic devices 2 are connected in series through load-bearing rods (not shown in the figure). The automatic control system 3 realizes the automatic expansion and contraction of the single-ring model to simulate the ring-by-ring stratum loss caused by shield tunnel construction. It includes a motor 31 and a signal control system. The motor 31 is arranged in the telescopic device 2, and the signal control system is connected to the motor 31 through a signal transmission line (not shown in the figure).

[0046] In this embodiment, the elastic membrane is a silicone film with a thickness between 2mm and 3mm. After the entire tunnel model 1 is connected, a prestress is applied to the silicone film, which is then nested outside the tunnel model 1. This allows the silicone film to fit tightly against the tunnel model 1. The applied prestress effectively prevents the film from bulging or sinking due to expansion or contraction of the tunnel model 1. The silicone film acts as a waterproof barrier and prevents test soil from falling into the tunnel model 1, enabling tunnel excavation in a water environment, more realistically.

[0047] The single-loop model includes Figure 3 The hard arc plate 11 and the arc connecting plate 12 shown are connected into a cylindrical shape by multiple hard arc plates 11. The arc connecting plate 12 is arranged on the inner side of the hard arc plate 11, and a first connecting hole 13 is provided on its side to facilitate connection with the telescopic device 2.

[0048] In this embodiment, the interconnected sides of the hard arc plates 11 are serrated structures, and adjacent hard arc plates 11 mesh with each other, so that the gap between the tunnel model 1 is smaller when it is opened, and the elastic membrane is avoided from being clamped, which affects the contraction effect.

[0049] like Figure 4 As shown, the motor 31 includes a rotating part and a fixed part sleeved on the outside thereof, and the rotating part and the fixed part are both provided with connecting holes around their circumferences.

[0050] The telescopic device 2 includes a positioning plate 21, a cam plate 22, and a support rod 23. The positioning plate 21 and the cam plate 22 are arranged side by side in a spaced relationship. The positioning plate 21 is connected to the fixed end of the motor 31, and the cam plate 22 is connected to the rotating end of the motor 31. The cam plate 22 is provided with a plurality of telescopic slots 221 around its circumference. One end of the support rod 23 is slidably connected to the telescopic slot 221, and the other end is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped connecting plate 12. The rotation of the cam plate 22 drives the support rod 23 to move radially, thereby pushing the hard circular arc plate 11 to contract or expand.

[0051] like Figure 5 As shown, the positioning plate 21 is generally annular and is used to bear the weight of the remaining components of the tunneling automation device. A second connecting hole 211 is defined within its inner ring and is connected to the motor 31 via screws passing through the second connecting hole 211 and the connecting hole of the rotating portion. The outer ring of the positioning plate 21 is provided with a plurality of through-holes 212 at intervals, with sliding slots 213 defined between adjacent through-holes 212. These sliding slots 213 are arranged radially along the positioning plate 21. Third connecting holes 214 are defined on either side of the sliding slots 213, which are screwed to the slider 24 used to limit the position of the support rod 23.

[0052] In this embodiment, the through hole 212 is used to pass through the load-bearing rods and signal transmission lines connecting adjacent single-ring models. The load-bearing rods and signal transmission lines are arranged at intervals. One end of the load-bearing rod is passed through the through hole 212, and the other end is fixed to the model box. The signal transmission line is connected to the motor 31, and each motor 31 is independently connected to a signal transmission line.

[0053] like Figure 6 As shown, the cam plate 22 is in a circular shape as a whole, and its diameter is smaller than the diameter of the positioning plate 21. The inner ring of the cam plate 22 is provided with a sixth connecting hole 222, which is connected to the motor 31 by a screw passing through the sixth connecting hole 222 and the connecting hole of the fixing part. The telescopic groove 221 is provided on the outer ring of the cam plate 22 and is inclined to its axial direction to realize the expansion and contraction of the single-ring model.

[0054] In this embodiment, after the cam plate 22 is processed, it needs to be quenched to increase the surface hardness to ensure that the rotating shaft 232 and the telescopic slot 221 will not be worn due to long-term high pressure.

[0055] like Figure 7 As shown, the support rod 23 is a latch-type structure with a splicing slot 231 at one end. The support rod 23 with the splicing slot 231 is inserted into the side plate of the cam plate 22 and is slidably connected to the expansion slot 221 via a rotating shaft 232 that passes through the splicing slot 231. The rotating shaft 232 matches the expansion slot 221. The other end of the support rod 23 is provided with a fourth connecting hole 233, which is connected to the arc-shaped connecting plate 12 via a screw that passes through the first connecting hole 13 and the fourth connecting hole 233.

[0056] The support rod 23 is limited in the sliding groove 213 by the slider 24 and can slide along the axial direction of the sliding groove 213 .

[0057] In this embodiment, both ends of the support rod 23 are further provided with fifth connection holes 234 , and a pressing plate 25 is connected to the fifth connection hole 234 via screws to fix the rotating shaft 232 .

[0058] During use, the motor 31 drives the cam plate 22 to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise. During the rotation, the telescopic slot 221 drives one end of the support rod 23 to move away from or close to the cam plate 22, thereby driving the hard arc plate 11 connected to the other end thereof to expand or contract.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] This embodiment provides a method for using a tunneling automation device. The slider 24 is connected to the positioning plate 21 through the third connecting hole 214. The positioning plate 21 and the cam plate 22 are then securely connected to the motor 31 using screws passing through the second connecting hole 211 and the sixth connecting hole 222. The end of the strut 23, which has the splicing slot 231, is passed through the slider 24 and connected to the expansion slot 221 via the rotating shaft 232 and the pressure plate 25. The other end is then screwed to the arcuate connecting plate 12. Repeat these steps to form a single-ring model.

[0061] Multiple load-bearing rods are installed through the through holes 212 in the positioning plate 21 to connect the individual ring models and enhance structural strength. Signal transmission and power cables are inserted into the rear end of the motor 31. After the entire tunnel is assembled, prestress is applied to the silicone film to ensure it fits tightly against the tunnel model 1. Assuming the desired diameter of the tunnel model 1, the telescopic device 2 is initialized using a computer program, and the rotating shaft 232 is adjusted to the specified position.

[0062] Use the model box to simulate the soil layer. Select the appropriate soil layer according to the test needs, fill the sample part of the soil layer and compact it. Place the excavation automation device in the appropriate position and fix it with the flange. Continue to fill the remaining soil and compact it. Set the parameters of the telescopic device 2 through the control end, start the motor 31 to drive the cam plate 22 to rotate and move the hard arc plate 11 to start the simulated excavation. Figure 8 As shown, the first ring of segments simulates uplift caused by excessive face thrust, the next ring simulates formation loss caused by shield tail gaps, and the final three rings simulate uplift caused by excessive grouting pressure. After a period of time, motor 31 is disconnected and operation is stopped. The test data is then collected and analyzed by the control terminal.

[0063] Example 3

[0064] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 2 is that it is used to simulate the excavation process when there are seepage holes 4 in the tunnel, such as Figure 9As shown, centimeter-level seepage holes 4 are randomly opened on the hard arc plate 11 on the outside of the tunnel model 1 to simulate the seepage water conditions of the shield during the excavation process. At the same time, a highly flexible and non-breakable silicone tube is glued to the inner wall of the hard arc plate 11 by strong glue, and circular holes for the silicone tube to pass through are reserved on the positioning plate 21 and cam plate 22 of each ring. The opening size of the silicone tube should be able to cover the entire seepage hole 4, and the shape of the silicone tube must conform to the conical cylindrical structure.

[0065] The technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-mentioned embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0066] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation methods of the present application. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that a person of ordinary skill in the art may make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present application, and these modifications and improvements fall within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present patent application shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A tunnel boring device that can accurately simulate the ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction, characterized in that: include: A tunnel model, wherein an elastic membrane is embedded outside the tunnel model, and the tunnel includes a plurality of scalable single-ring models arranged side by side; A telescopic device, which is arranged in the single-ring model and is used to control the expansion and contraction of the single-ring model. A plurality of the telescopic devices are connected in series through a load-bearing rod; An automated control system, the automated control system comprising a motor and a signal control system, the motor being disposed in the telescopic device, the signal control system being connected to the motor via a signal transmission line; The single-ring model includes a hard circular arc plate and an arc-shaped connecting plate. A plurality of the hard circular arc plates are connected to form a cylindrical shape. The arc-shaped connecting plate is arranged on the inner side of the hard circular arc plate and has a first connecting hole on its side. The telescopic device includes a positioning plate, a cam plate and a support rod. The positioning plate and the cam plate are arranged side by side at intervals. The positioning plate is connected to the fixed end of the motor, and the cam plate is connected to the rotating end of the motor. The cam plate is provided with a plurality of telescopic grooves around its circumference. One end of the support rod is slidably connected to the telescopic groove, and the other end is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped connecting plate.

2. The tunnel boring device capable of accurately simulating ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic membrane is prestressed.

3. The tunnel boring device capable of accurately simulating the ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interconnected sides of the hard arc plates are in a sawtooth structure.

4. The tunnel boring device capable of accurately simulating the ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning plate is in a circular shape as a whole, with a second connecting hole provided on its inner ring and through holes provided at intervals on its outer ring. Sliding grooves are provided between adjacent through holes. The sliding grooves are arranged along the radial direction of the positioning plate. Third connecting holes are provided on both sides of the sliding grooves. The third connecting holes are connected to the limiting slider by screws.

5. The tunnel boring device capable of accurately simulating ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the support rod is provided with a splicing groove, which is slidably connected to the telescopic groove through a rotating shaft passing through the splicing groove. The other end of the support rod is provided with a fourth connecting hole, which is connected to the arc-shaped connecting plate through screws passing through the first connecting hole and the fourth connecting hole.

6. The tunnel boring device capable of accurately simulating ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction according to claim 5, characterized in that: Both ends of the support rod are further provided with fifth connection holes, and a pressure plate is connected to the fifth connection hole through screws.

7. The tunnel boring device capable of accurately simulating ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cam plate is annular as a whole, and its diameter is smaller than that of the positioning plate. The inner ring of the cam plate is provided with a sixth connecting hole, and the telescopic groove is provided on the outer ring of the cam plate and is inclined to its axial direction.

8. The tunnel boring device capable of accurately simulating ring-by-ring stratum loss during shield construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The load-bearing rods and the signal transmission lines are arranged in the through holes at intervals.

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