Application of 2, 4-epibrassinolide in regulation and control of quinoa seed germination under saline-alkali stress

Abstract

The invention discloses application of 2, 4-epibrassinolide to regulation and control of quinoa seed germination under saline-alkali stress, and relates to the technical field of quinoa planting. Before quinoa seeds are planted into saline-alkali soil, a 2, 4-epibrassinolide solution with the concentration of 0-2 mg.L <-1 > is used for soaking the quinoa seeds. The 2, 4-epibrassinolide solution with the concentration has the effect of promoting growth of quinoa in the germination stage and the seedling stage under saline-alkali stress, when the concentration of single salt is 0.4-0.8 and the concentration of 24-epibrassinolide is 0.2, the promoting effect is optimal, the osmotic regulation capacity of the quinoa can be effectively improved, oxidative damage caused by saline-alkali stress is relieved, and the saline-alkali resistance of the quinoa is improved; the research result can provide a theoretical reference for improving the tolerance of quinoa to saline-alkali stress.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of quinoa planting, and specifically to the application of 2,4-epibrassinolide in regulating quinoa seed germination under saline-alkali stress. Background Art

[0002] Brassinolide (BR) is a natural plant growth hormone, originally extracted and separated from rapeseed pollen. It is known for its high efficiency, broad spectrum, and non-toxic physiological characteristics, and has an important impact on plant growth and development and response to abiotic stress. In addition, 2,4-epibrassinolide (EBR) is a synthetic, highly active brassinosteroid derivative. Under adverse stress, EBR can work together with other plant hormones to regulate a variety of plant physiological processes, such as promoting seed germination, seedling growth, improving fruit quality, and enhancing plant stress resistance. Studies have shown that EBR can significantly improve photosynthetic efficiency by affecting the chlorophyll content, photosynthetic parameters, and stomatal aperture of cherry tomatoes, affecting tomato photosynthesis and transpiration, and promoting the growth and development of cherry tomatoes to ensure their quality. Spraying an appropriate concentration of EBR can increase the antioxidant enzyme activity and osmotic regulation ability of wheat under low temperature stress, and reduce the malondialdehyde content. Liu Zilu and others explored the effect of EBR on the germination characteristics of rice seeds and found that EBR can alleviate the high temperature damage suffered by seeds by regulating the growth of root buds, increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reducing the content of malondialdehyde. Jin Yanan and others found in their research that exogenous brassinolide (BR) can regulate the growth characteristics of barley seeds during the germination and seedling stages. This regulatory effect helps to enhance the tolerance of barley to alkaline environments and promote seed germination and growth. Specifically, the germination potential, germination rate and germination index of seeds treated with exogenous BR are more than doubled compared with the control group. In summary, exogenous epibrassinolide can enhance plant salt-alkali tolerance to a certain extent.

[0003] EBR seed soaking or external application to alleviate the toxic effects of crop salt-alkali stress has become one of the hot topics in plant stress resistance. Existing studies have shown that brassinolides can improve the stress resistance of wheat, rice, etc., but to date, there are few reports on the role of brassinosteroids in regulating the growth of quinoa during the germination period. Therefore, this paper uses the salt-sensitive type of white quinoa "Longli No. 1" as the experimental material to explore the effects of different concentrations of EBR seed soaking on quinoa seed germination and seedling growth under salt-alkali stress, in order to provide technical methods for improving the vitality of field quinoa seeds in agricultural production, and also provide a theoretical basis for clarifying the salt-alkali tolerance mechanism of quinoa seeds during the germination period. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention designs the application of 2,4-epibrassinolide in regulating quinoa seed germination under saline-alkali stress.

[0005] In order to achieve the above technical effects, the present invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: the application of 2,4-epibrassinolide in regulating the germination of quinoa seeds under saline-alkali stress, characterized in that before the quinoa seeds are planted in saline-alkali soil, the concentration of 0 to 2 mg . L -1 Quinoa seeds were soaked in 2,4-epibrassinolide solution.

[0006] Furthermore, the 2,4-epibrassinolide solution is an aqueous solution prepared by mixing 2,4-epibrassinolide with water.

[0007] Furthermore, the water is purified water or distilled water.

[0008] Furthermore, the seeds are soaked for 23 to 25 hours.

[0009] Furthermore, the concentration of the 2,4-epibrassinolide solution is 0.2 to 0.8 mg . L -1 .

[0010] Furthermore, the pH of the saline-alkali soil is 9-11.

[0011] Furthermore, the 2,4-epibrassinolide improves the osmotic regulation ability of quinoa seeds, reduces the oxidative damage caused by saline-alkali stress, and improves the salt-alkali tolerance of quinoa.

[0012] Furthermore, the variety of quinoa seeds is Longli No. 1.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0014] The present invention provides a new application of 2,4-epibrassinolide, which is used at a concentration of 0 to 2 mg / L before planting quinoa seeds in saline-alkali soil. -1 Quinoa seeds were soaked in 2,4-epibrassinolide solution. The above concentrations of 2,4-epibrassinolide solution promoted the growth of quinoa in the germination and seedling stages under saline-alkali stress. Among them, when the single salt concentration was 0.4-0.8 and the 24-epibrassinolide concentration was 0.2, the promotion effect was the best, which could effectively enhance its osmotic regulation ability, reduce the oxidative damage caused by saline-alkali stress, and improve the salt-alkali tolerance of quinoa. The research results can provide a theoretical reference for improving quinoa's tolerance to saline-alkali stress. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for describing the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying creative work.

[0016] Figure 1 is a line graph showing the effect of 24-epibrassinolide of the present invention on the seed germination process under different saline-alkali stresses;

[0017] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the effect of 24-epibrassinolide of the present invention on the elongation of quinoa hypocotyls under different saline-alkali stresses;

[0018] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the effect of 24-epibrassinolide of the present invention on the fresh weight of quinoa seedlings under different saline-alkali stresses;

[0019] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the effect of 24-epibrassinolide of the present invention on malondialdehyde in quinoa seedlings under different saline-alkali stresses;

[0020] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the effect of 24-epibrassinolide of the present invention on the proline content of quinoa seedlings under different saline-alkali stresses;

[0021] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the effect of 24-epibrassinolide of the present invention on the antioxidant enzyme activity of quinoa seedlings under different saline-alkali stresses. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Example 1

[0024] To explore the role of 2,4-epibrassinolide (EBR) in regulating quinoa seed germination under saline-alkali stress, the steps are as follows:

[0025] Step 1. Variety selection: The test material is the white quinoa variety "Longli No. 1", provided by Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Our laboratory previously evaluated the salt tolerance of Longli No. 1, Longli No. 3, and NX-1 varieties, and the sensitivity to salt and alkali was: Longli No. 1>Longli No. 3>NX-1, so this study selected Longli No. 1 as the test material. 2,4-EBR was purchased from Hefei Bomei Technology Co., Ltd.

[0026] Step 2, saline-alkali land preparation: saline-alkali land preparation is performed according to the saline-alkali treatment components, proportions and concentrations shown in Table 1:

[0027]

[0028] Table 1

[0029] Step 3: Prepare 7 groups of 2,4-epibrassinolide (EBR) solution groups with the same concentration gradient according to the sequence number of the saline-alkali land prepared above, as follows:

[0030] CK+(control group)(0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.5, 2mg . L -1 EBR);

[0031] A+(0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.5, 2mg . L -1 EBR);

[0032] B+(0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.5, 2mg . L -1 EBR);

[0033] C+(0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.5, 2mg . L -1 EBR);

[0034] D+(0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.5, 2mg . L -1 EBR);

[0035] E+(0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.5, 2mg . L -1 EBR);

[0036] F+(0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.5, 2mg . L -1 EBR);

[0037] There were 56 treatments in total in the experiment, and each treatment was repeated 3 times.

[0038] Step 4. Select quinoa seeds: Select mature, plump, uniform-sized, disease- and insect-free white quinoa seeds, sterilize them in 2% mercuric chloride for 15 minutes, and then rinse them thoroughly with distilled water.

[0039] Step 5. Specific experiment: The selected quinoa seeds were placed in a 4°C refrigerator at 8 concentrations (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.5, 2 mg . L -1 ) in the brassinolide solution for 24 hours (referring to soaking seeds in the above 7 24-brassinolide solution groups separately). After soaking, the seeds of each group that turned white after soaking were placed in a culture dish covered with two layers of filter paper, with 30 seeds placed in each dish, and 2mL of the corresponding salt solution and 2mL of EBR solution were added respectively. The control group was added with 4mL of H2O, and each treatment was repeated 3 times. The seeds were cultured in a light incubator with a light intensity of 4000lx, a temperature of 25℃, and a photoperiod of 16h / 8h (day / night). The treatment solution was replaced every 36h to keep the concentration constant.

[0040] Step 6: Measurement indicators and methods

[0041] 6.1 Determination of germination rate

[0042] The standard for measuring seed germination is when the radicle length reaches half the seed length. The calculation formula is:

[0043] Germination rate = (number of normal germinating seeds / total number of seeds) × 100%;

[0044] Observe and measure the germination rate on the same day and keep it for 7 consecutive days.

[0045] 6.2 Determination of seedling hypocotyl length and biomass

[0046] Hypocotyl length: 10 seedlings were randomly selected from each treatment dish, arranged neatly, placed on a ruler, photographed, and the hypocotyl length was measured using ImageJ software.

[0047] Biomass: The fresh weight of every 30 seedlings was measured by weighing method.

[0048] 6.3 Determination of physiological parameters of seedlings

[0049] The malondialdehyde (MDA) content was determined by the thiobarbituric acid method, the proline (Pro) content was determined by the acid ninhydrin method, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity was determined by the nitroblue tetrazolium method, the peroxidase (POD) enzyme activity was determined by the guaiacol method, and the catalase (CAT) enzyme activity was determined by the ultraviolet absorption method.

[0050] 6.4 Comprehensive evaluation

[0051] The salt-alkali resistance is evaluated by the membership function method, and the comprehensive membership function is U(Xi)=(Xi–XMIN) / (XMAX–XMIN), i=1, 2, 3, 4....n. In the formula, Xi represents the i-th measurement index; XMIN represents the minimum value of the i-th measurement index; XMAX represents the maximum value of the i-th measurement index.

[0052] 6.5 Data Analysis

[0053] The experimental data were organized and graphically displayed using Microsoft Office Excel software. IBM SPSS26.0 software was used to perform one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and membership function analysis on the data. The criteria for all significant differences were set at P < 0.05. The data of each indicator in the experiment were the average of three independent repeated experiments. + The standard error is expressed.

[0054] Step 7: Test the effect of exogenous 2,4-epibrassinolide (EBR) on quinoa seed germination under saline-alkali stress, as follows:

[0055] 7.1, such as Figure 1 As shown in the figure, compared with CK, single salt stress and mixed salt-alkali stress both led to a decrease in the germination rate of quinoa seeds. Under single salt stress NaCl, Na2SO4, NaHCO3, and Na2CO3 treatments, the seed germination rate decreased by 40%, 35%, 15%, and 75%, respectively. Under mixed salt (1:1) stress, the germination rate decreased by 30%, and under mixed salt-alkali (1:1:1:1) stress, the germination rate decreased by 35%, indicating that each salt-alkali stress treatment had an inhibitory effect on seed germination, among which the Na2CO3 treatment was the most obvious. After soaking the seeds in exogenous EBR solution and then applying salt-alkali stress, it was found that different concentrations of EBR increased the germination rate of quinoa seeds to varying degrees, and the germination rate showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of EBR concentration. Importantly, applying appropriate concentrations of EBR under NaCl, NaHCO3, mixed salt (1:1) and mixed salt-alkali (1:1:1:1) stresses can make the germination rate reach 100%, which is 60.67%, 17.65%, 42.86% and 53.85% higher than that without EBR relief, respectively. The optimal relief hormone concentrations are 0.05-0.4 mg . L -1 , 0.2mg . L -1 , 0.2mg . L -1 , 0.4mg . L -1Applying EBR under Na2SO4 and Na2CO3 stress alone can increase the germination rate to 90%, which is 0.38 and 2.8 times higher than that under salt stress, respectively. The optimal concentration is 0.4 mg . L -1 , which also indicated that 2,4-epibrassinolide had the best alleviating effect on seed germination under Na2CO3 stress; Figure 1 The significant differences were expressed as P < 0.05, and the data for each index were the average of three replicates. + Standard errors are indicated.

[0056] 7.2 Effects of exogenous EBR on the growth of quinoa seedlings under saline-alkali stress

[0057] Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that compared with CK (control group), various salt stresses will significantly reduce the elongation ability of the radicle hypocotyl of quinoa seeds, among which the inhibitory effect is most prominent under the stress of single salt NaHCO3 and Na2CO3, and the effect is relatively weak under the stress of single salt NaCl, Na2SO4 and mixed salt-alkali (1:1 and 1:1:1:1). Under normal conditions, the seeds are soaked in EBR and then grown, and the elongation of the radicle hypocotyl of quinoa increases with the increase of EBR concentration. EBR soaking can also promote the elongation of the radicle hypocotyl under various salt-alkali stresses. Among them, under the stress of single salt NaCl, the elongation of the radicle hypocotyl increases most significantly when applying appropriate concentrations of EBR. The optimal EBR concentrations are 0.4 mg / ml and 0.6 mg / ml, respectively. . L -1 Under the stress of single salt Na2SO4, Na2CO3 and mixed salt (1:1), 0.8 mg . L -1 The EBR relief effect of 0.2 mg NaHCO3 was the most obvious, and the hypocotyl length increased by 48.21%, 74.84%, and 107.57% respectively compared with salt stress. . L -1 We found an interesting phenomenon that when the salt solution contains Na2SO4 components, applying 0.4 mg . L -1 Not only does EBR not alleviate the damage caused by salinity, but the inhibitory effect is more serious than salt stress alone. Figure 2 The significant differences were expressed as P < 0.05, and the data for each indicator were expressed as the mean + standard error of three replicates.

[0058] Depend on Figure 3 The seedling fresh weight chart shows that under normal conditions, the fresh weight of quinoa soaked in EBR will increase with the increase of EBR concentration. . L -1Compared with CK, various salt stresses significantly reduced the fresh weight of quinoa during the germination period, which was alleviated to varying degrees by applying EBR. It can be seen that different concentrations have different effects. Compared with other saline-alkali stresses, EBR has the most obvious effect on improving the stress resistance of quinoa under NaCl stress. . L -1 Under the EBR concentration of 1:1 and 1:1:1:1 mixed salt-alkali treatment, 0.2mg . L -1 EBR had the most significant effect on increasing fresh weight, increasing by 28.79% and 41.59% respectively. . L -1 EBR increased the fresh weight by 15.39%. Only applying EBR under NaHCO3 treatment had no significant effect on fresh weight. The above results show that saline-alkali stress not only affects the growth of quinoa radicle hypocotyl, but also affects the growth of plumule. And it shows that the appropriate concentration of EBR treatment can greatly promote the viability of quinoa seeds under saline-alkali stress. Figure 3 The significant differences were expressed as P < 0.05, and the data for each index were the average of three replicates. + Standard errors are indicated.

[0059] 7.3 Effects of exogenous EBR on MDA and Pro contents in quinoa under saline-alkali stress

[0060] Depend on Figure 4 We found that the malondialdehyde content of quinoa seedlings grown after EBR soaking under normal conditions was extremely low, and the malondialdehyde content in quinoa seedlings treated with saline-alkali increased significantly. After applying the appropriate concentration of EBR, the malondialdehyde content of each treatment decreased, with a concentration of 0.2-0.8 mg . L -1 Its content dropped to the lowest when the single salt NaCl stress was applied at a concentration of 0.4 mg . L -1 The EBR significantly reduced the MDA content by 34.70%; the MDA content was 0.8 mg / L under the stress of single salt Na2SO4 and Na2CO3. . L -1 The EBR had the best effect on alleviating saline-alkali stress, and the MDA content decreased by 19.04% and 28.19%, respectively; under the stress of single salt NaHCO3 and mixed salt 1:1:1:1, 0.2 mg . L -1Compared with the corresponding saline-alkali stress, the MDA content of EBR decreased significantly by 27.87% and 18.60%. In summary, we found that saline-alkali stress can cause different degrees of damage to quinoa seedlings. Compared with neutral salt stress, under alkaline salt component stress, the degree of peroxidation of quinoa cell membrane lipids is higher, the content of malondialdehyde is larger, and the growth and development and physiological activity of seedlings are inhibited. The above results show that exogenous EBR can alleviate the membrane lipid damage of quinoa seedlings caused by saline-alkali stress to a certain extent, but it cannot restore it to normal. Figure 4 The significant differences were expressed as P < 0.05, and the data for each index were the average of three replicates. + Standard errors are indicated.

[0061] like Figure 5 The changes in proline content after applying different concentrations of EBR under normal conditions and saline-alkali stress. Overall, saline-alkali stress may cause an increase in the proline content in plants. Under normal conditions, EBR seed soaking has a slight effect on the proline content, but compared with the control, the free proline content in quinoa seedlings under saline-alkali stress after EBR seed soaking increased significantly. It was found that low concentrations of EBR promoted proline content, while high concentrations inhibited it. Among them, 0.4 mg EBR was applied under the treatment of single salt NaCl, Na2SO4, Na2CO3 and mixed salt (1:1) . L -1 The EBR solution with a concentration of 0.8 mg / ml can significantly increase the content of proline, and the best effect is 35.50% under NaCl stress. . L -1 In the treatment of single salt NaHCO3 and mixed salt and alkali (1:1:1:1), 0.2 mg . L -1 The EBR was most effective in increasing the proline content, which increased by 66.93% and 32.14% compared with no EBR. The experimental results showed that the free proline content of quinoa seedlings increased under saline-alkali stress. Exogenous application of different concentrations of EBR can effectively alleviate the damage of saline-alkali stress and significantly increase the content of free proline in plant leaves to maintain cell homeostasis and reduce oxidative damage. Figure 5 The significant differences were expressed as P < 0.05, and the data for each index were the average of three replicates. + Standard errors are indicated.

[0062] 7.4 Effects of exogenous EBR on antioxidant enzyme activities of quinoa under saline-alkali stress

[0063] Depend on Figure 6It is the activity of antioxidant enzymes POD, SOD and CAT in seedlings under normal conditions and saline-alkali stress after EBR seed soaking. It can be seen that compared with CK, due to the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen free radicals in quinoa seedlings under saline-alkali stress, the activity of CAT and POD enzymes is forced to increase sharply to eliminate the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl free radicals, etc. caused by salt and alkali to fight against the oxidative damage caused by salt. Among them, under the stress of NaCl, Na2SO4 and NaHCO3, the activity of CAT increased by more than 4 times, and the activity of POD increased by 1 to 2 times, while under the stress of mixed salt and alkali (1:1:1:1), the activity of CAT and POD did not increase significantly or even decreased. It is worth noting that under the stress of single salt (NaCl, Na2SO4, Na2CO3, NaHCO3), the activity of SOD decreased by 50 to 70%, and only under the stress of mixed salt (1:1 and 1:1:1:1), the activity increased by 5% to 20%. After applying gradient concentrations of EBR, CAT and POD under different salt treatments were between 0.2 and 0.8 mg . L -1 The best enzyme activity was obtained at 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mg . L -1 The concentration dropped to the lowest. The results showed that various salt stresses forced the seedlings to increase POD and CAT activities, and the exogenous EBR synergistically promoted the activity of antioxidant enzymes in seedlings, thereby improving the salt-alkali tolerance of quinoa. It can be seen that the responses of various antioxidant enzymes to plant salt-alkali stress are different, and the ability to scavenge free radicals is also different. Figure 6 The significant differences were expressed as P < 0.05, and the data for each index were the average of three replicates. + Standard errors are indicated.

[0064] 7.5 Membership function analysis of quinoa under different salt treatments is shown in Table 2;

[0065]

[0066] Table 2

[0067] Note: Comprehensive membership function U(Xi)=(Xi–XMIN).(XMAX–XMIN). The membership functions of each indicator are omitted in the table, and only the comprehensive evaluation value is shown;

[0068] Comprehensive evaluation value = U1 . W1+U2 . W2+……Ui . Wi (i value is determined by the cumulative variation value).

[0069] In summary, the white quinoa "Longli No. 1" has a certain physiological and biochemical defense system under saline-alkali stress, but its stress resistance is limited. Under saline-alkali stress treatment, the seed germination rate, hypocotyl elongation and fresh weight were significantly lower than those of the control group. With the increase of EBR seed soaking concentration, the biomass of quinoa during the germination period was promoted. Moreover, salinity affects the accumulation of osmotic regulating substances in the seedlings. The increase in proline content and malondialdehyde content under stress will directly destroy the biofilm structure and damage the membrane function. Exogenous EBR can promote the increase of proline content to regulate osmotic balance, and can also effectively reduce malondialdehyde content. The ability of its antioxidant enzymes will be enhanced under partial salt stress, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes will be induced to increase rapidly in response to redox imbalance under EBR relief. In summary, exogenous 2,4-epibrassinolide has a positive effect on quinoa seed germination and seedling growth under saline-alkali stress. Among them, 0.2-0.8mg . L -1 The EBR solution has the most obvious effect in alleviating saline-alkali stress and has the best positive effect on quinoa seed germination and seedling growth.

Claims

1. The application of 2,4-epibrassinolide in regulating germination of quinoa seeds under saline-alkali stress, characterized in that: Before planting quinoa seeds in saline-alkali soil, use a concentration of 0-2 mg . L -1 Quinoa seeds were soaked in 2,4-epibrassinolide solution.

2. The use of 2,4-epibrassinolide in regulating quinoa seed germination under saline-alkali stress according to claim 1, characterized in that: The 2,4-epibrassinolide solution is an aqueous solution prepared by mixing 2,4-epibrassinolide with water.

3. The use of 2,4-epibrassinolide in regulating quinoa seed germination under saline-alkali stress according to claim 2, characterized in that: The water is purified water or distilled water.

4. The use of 2,4-epibrassinolide in regulating quinoa seed germination under saline-alkali stress according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seeds are soaked for 23 to 25 hours.

5. The use of 2,4-epibrassinolide in regulating germination of quinoa seeds under saline-alkali stress according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concentration of the 2,4-epibrassinolide solution is 0.2-0.8 mg . L -1 .

6. The use of 2,4-epibrassinolide in regulating germination of quinoa seeds under saline-alkali stress according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pH of the saline-alkali soil is 9-11.

7. The use of 2,4-epibrassinolide in regulating germination of quinoa seeds under saline-alkali stress according to claim 1, characterized in that: The 2,4-epibrassinolide improves the osmotic regulation ability of quinoa seeds, reduces the oxidative damage caused by saline-alkali stress, and improves the salt-alkali tolerance of quinoa.

8. The use of 2,4-epibrassinolide according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in regulating germination of quinoa seeds under saline-alkali stress, characterized in that: The variety of the quinoa seeds is Longli No. 1.

Images