Venous indwelling cannula

Abstract

The invention relates to a venous indwelling cannula (1) for application to organisms, comprising a venous catheter (2) in which a puncture needle (3) can be guided in a longitudinally displaceable manner, the puncture needle (3) being designed as a hollow needle over a part of the length thereof, the other part of the length of the puncture needle (3) being designed at least partially solid.

Description

[0001] This invention is a divisional application of the invention patent application with application date of December 21, 2020, application number 202080095919.7, and invention name “Intravenous Indwelling Cannula”. Technical Field

[0002] The invention relates to a venous indwelling cannula applied to a living being, the venous indwelling cannula having a venous catheter, wherein a puncture needle can be guided in the venous catheter in a longitudinally movable manner. Background Art

[0003] DE 40 41 720 A1 describes an indwelling venous cannula having a venous catheter and a puncture needle which can be moved in the venous catheter, wherein the front part of the venous catheter inserted into the body is made of stainless steel and the rear part is made of a flexible material, for example plastic. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object on which the present invention is based is therefore to realize an improved venous cannula. The object on which the present invention is based is also to realize an improved puncture system with respect to puncture systems in general. That is to say, in principle, it is also possible with the aid of the improved venous cannula to advantageously puncture all body cavities and body spaces to be punctured and all anatomical and pathological structures and to insert a catheter therein.

[0005] Although the term "venous cannula" is to be retained in the following text, it has a broad meaning with respect to puncture systems in general, with which not only veins can be punctured. That is, in the following text, the term "vein" also includes in principle all body cavities and body spaces to be punctured and to be provided with a catheter, as well as all anatomical structures and pathological structures.

[0006] Thus, by means of the intravenous cannula according to the invention, the trachea, pleural cavity, abdominal cavity, intestines, renal pelvis, bladder and bones can be punctured in addition, pathological structures such as abscesses can be punctured in and on an organism.

[0007] In this case, the venous cannula can either be removed again directly after the puncture or can remain for some time. Advantageously, an arterial vessel can also be punctured.

[0008] The object is achieved by the intravenous cannula according to the invention. Advantageous embodiments are described below.

[0009] In conventional venous cannulas, it is proposed that the puncture needle of the venous cannula is designed as a hollow needle over a portion of its length, wherein another portion of the length of the puncture needle is at least partially solid. Such a hollow needle allows the user to draw blood during and after the puncture in order to check directly during and after the puncture whether the corresponding blood vessel has been correctly punctured. However, the other portion of the length can also be designed completely solid.

[0010] Thus, the puncture needle is not hollow in the entire length, or a part of the puncture needle is solid. Solid can especially mean that the puncture needle is not hollow. It is particularly conceivable that the end of the puncture needle close to the vein is solid, that is, impenetrable to the fluid.

[0011] It is possible but not necessary that the puncture needle is hollow only in the upper region. The cavity can be connected to the environment close to the vein via an upwardly directed recess / opening or via a plurality of such recesses / openings.

[0012] The part close to the vein can be the part facing the organism in particular. The tip of the puncture needle is, for example, the part of the puncture needle close to the vein. Correspondingly, the part away from the vein can be the part facing the user of the intravenous indwelling cannula.

[0013] The recess can be away from the tip of the puncture needle at a limited distance, and the tip itself is not directly in the cavity of the puncture needle or does not directly transition into such a cavity. Here, the recess can for example be arranged laterally at the puncture needle.

[0014] This can have the advantage that the puncture needle first has to be advanced a certain distance into the vein in order to be able to draw blood via the puncture needle by means of the withdrawal element.

[0015] This improves the safety of the puncture needle being placed in the vein before the intravenous catheter can be safely advanced through the puncture needle. In practice, with commercially available puncture needles, the tip near the vein is already in the blood vessel, and blood can flow back or be drawn through the puncture needle, but the portion of the intravenous catheter near the vein surrounding the puncture needle is still outside the vein.

[0016] If in this case the intravenous catheter is now advanced toward the vein via the puncture needle without further advancement of the puncture needle, the prescribed position of the intravenous catheter may not necessarily be reached. The intravenous catheter may then be pushed past the vein, for example, undesirably. The risk can be reduced by the above-mentioned improvement.

[0017] Furthermore, the risk of flushed skin particles being dragged into the vein can be reduced, since a partially hollow puncture needle can reduce the risk of a skin column being flushed out.

[0018] Alternatively or additionally, a plurality of recesses may also be present on the puncture needle, which recesses may also be arranged in the region of the side or bottom.

[0019] Nevertheless, an undesired perforation of the lower or rear second wall of the vein is very unlikely since the recess is not far from that part of the puncture needle which reaches the blood vessel during advancement of the puncture needle.

[0020] The recess can be, for example, 0.5 mm to 5 mm from the portion of the puncture needle closest to the vein. The portion close to the vein can be formed in the form of a tip of the puncture needle with an arbitrary grinding shape.

[0021] In an advantageous development, the venous cannula can be a catheter system for puncturing the pleural cavity, the trachea, the bladder, the digestive system, a catheter system for puncturing a reservoir, a pump system, a hose system, a tubing system or a port system.

[0022] In an advantageous development, the indwelling venous cannula can be a catheter system which is used in the field of interventional radiology, in the field of interventional cardiology or in the field of emergency, disaster or tactical and military medicine.

[0023] In an advantageous development, the indwelling venous cannula can be provided for invasively measuring the arterial blood pressure.

[0024] The field of application of the intravenous cannula according to the present invention extends to all common intravenous cannulae in human medicine, including intravenous cannulae in pediatrics and intravenous cannulae in veterinary medicine. However, with the intravenous cannula according to the present invention, intravenous cannulae with a larger diameter than conventional intravenous cannulae should also be realized. The diameter can be associated with the defined internal diameter of the intravenous catheter, for example, by means of a colored primer and can be selected by the operator according to the application.

[0025] At least a portion of the intravenous catheter provided for placement in a living being can be made of a puncture-proof material or coated with such a puncture-proof material over the entire length or over a major part of the length along which the puncture needle is guided so as to be displaceable in the longitudinal direction of the needle.

[0026] The puncture resistance of the material here relates to possible punctures of the intravenous catheter caused by the puncture needle, which should be prevented by the puncture-resistant material. The puncture-resistant material can be a metal, can also be in the form of a metal alloy, or a corresponding puncture-resistant plastic material or natural material. For example, carbon fiber-reinforced laminates, polymers and / or Teflon are considered as plastic materials, and can also be considered as plastic materials in combination with each other.

[0027] This improves patient safety. In addition, patient comfort is increased, since piercing the skin is particularly painful, and with the indwelling intravenous cannula according to the invention it is possible to actively search for blood vessels several times after piercing the skin, and to permanently remain below the level of the skin in the living being with the help of the part of the intravenous cannula that is close to the patient, in particular the pointed end of the puncture needle that is close to the patient. This reduces the number of penetrations into the skin that are required for successful placement of the intravenous cannula. This reduces damage to the surrounding tissue. In addition, by reducing the number of penetrations into the skin, the number of possible entry points for potential pathogens such as bacteria and viruses through the skin is also reduced.

[0028] In order to provide puncture resistance, aramid can also be used in particular. This also includes, for example, aramid fibers, in particular para-aramid fibers and meta-aramid fibers.

[0029] The puncture-proof material may no longer be present in particular at the (distal) end of the intravenous catheter that is adjacent to the patient. The thickness and / or material density of the puncture-proof material need not remain constant over the entire length extension of the intravenous catheter over which the puncture-proof material is present, but can be varied over the length. The puncture-proof material does not have to be present everywhere. Gaps may be intentionally left in order, for example, to achieve a "desired bending point".

[0030] The puncture-proof material can be formed, for example, by a tubular metal body or a metal coating of the base material of the intravenous catheter, which can be, for example, a plastic material. The metal can be, for example, steel, for example stainless steel or titanium, or an alloy or bimetal formed therefrom. In an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the puncture-proof material is arranged on the inner side of the intravenous catheter, i.e., the puncture-proof material forms the inner wall of the intravenous catheter. For example, the protective layer of the intravenous catheter that surrounds the puncture-proof material outwardly can be formed by plastic.

[0031] In an alternative design, the puncture-proof material is arranged on the outside of the intravenous catheter. But it is also conceivable that the puncture-proof material is arranged on the inside of the intravenous catheter and the outside of the intravenous catheter respectively. That is to say, the puncture-proof material can either form the inner wall or the outer wall of the intravenous catheter or form both. Thus, when the flexibility of the intravenous catheter is improved at the same time, the improved intravenous indwelling sleeve is more stable and more robustly designed compared with the intravenous indwelling sleeve known so far. The puncture-proof material is advantageously designed by a material with non-thrombogenic properties. Alternatively or additionally, the puncture-proof material can be coated with an additional surface with non-thrombogenic properties. Through the material properties, thrombi (blood clots) should be prevented from forming at the intravenous catheter. The puncture-proof material can be configured as a metal layer, and can also be configured as a metal alloy (alloy). Furthermore, the puncture-proof material is advantageously compatible with magnetic resonance tomography (MRT), so that even parts of an intravenous catheter or an intravenous cannula inserted into the body that are left in place during an MRT examination remain in the body and are not damaged during the MRT examination and cannot become dislocated in the magnetic field.

[0032] It is advantageous here that the intravenous catheter is not too rigid due to the puncture-proof material, ie, it still has a certain flexibility. In addition, the intravenous catheter can be constructed in an MRT / spin-compatible manner by means of such a material.

[0033] If the indwelling venous cannula is not designed to be completely metal-free or MRT-compatible, it is conceivable that the indwelling venous cannula consists of a material that is, for example, partially MRT-compatible, ie, can only be used in specific MRT devices.

[0034] In particular, the intravenous catheter can also be used as a breathing hose and endotracheal tube. Here, all the advantages described can be used to provide a bite-proof and angle-proof breathing hose and endotracheal tube. For example, this can be particularly advantageous in pediatric patients. It is important that the feasible spiral structure is composed of the following material, which cannot be bitten through and does not form or output sharp or pointed structures in the event of accidental damage despite this. Advantageously, the material of the spiral structure is, for example, coated with a softer material, or the spiral structure is connected to other materials of the intravenous catheter. It is also conceivable that the spiral structure is only formed on a partial length of the intravenous catheter, or that the spiral structure only exists in a semicircular shape in the wall of the intravenous catheter. The intravenous catheter thus formed can have a connector away from the vein / close to the user, on which (another) breathing hose or other airway auxiliary mechanism can be connected.

[0035] The end of the intravenous catheter directly adjacent to the vein can be designed so that it is no longer in the form of an edge-shaped structure, but is slightly raised. Likewise, the end can be designed in the shape of a hat brim, bent or rolled up. The end can also consist of a flexible material or even a foam or gel-like material, likewise a helical spring that is not so tightly wound. The end can also consist of a particularly atraumatic material.

[0036] The puncture resistance has the following advantages: the intravenous indwelling cannula is puncture-resistant, bending-resistant and cutting-resistant. The risk of damage to the intravenous catheter is thus minimized. Therefore, the intravenous indwelling cannula can be reused in the same organism under permanent sterile precautions after an incorrect puncture, because even when the puncture needle is moved multiple times along the longitudinal direction toward the intravenous catheter, the latter will not be damaged by the tip of the puncture needle close to the patient. This is problematic in traditional intravenous indwelling cannulas. In particular, due to the already slight bending of the flexible intravenous catheter caused by the application, in particular when the puncture needle is repeatedly advanced along the longitudinal direction relative to the intravenous catheter, the tip of the puncture needle close to the patient may cause the intravenous catheter or a part thereof to be cut off.

[0037] Depending on the structure, the mobility of the puncture needle towards the vein can be completely or partially prevented.

[0038] This mechanism can work, for example, if the puncture needle has moved away from the vein from its initial position, which is maximally close to the vein. Then, the non-puncture-proof intravenous catheter can no longer be completely or partially cut or damaged by the tip of the puncture needle close to the vein, because the puncture needle can then no longer (and in particular no longer repeatedly) be pushed toward the vein.

[0039] All of the above-mentioned layers of the intravenous cannula advantageously have non-thrombogenic properties. In addition, the layers advantageously have hypoallergenic and / or antibacterial properties. In addition, all layers can advantageously consist of very smooth materials or be coated with such materials. Refining of the layers or surfaces by means of nanotechnological methods is obviously possible.

[0040] The intravenous catheter can be made of a self-sealing material or material layer. Here, a part of the intravenous catheter provided for indwelling in a patient can be made of or coated with a material over the entire length or a large part of the length of the puncture needle which is guided longitudinally movably, which can be punctured but completely closes again immediately after puncture.

[0041] This can be achieved by reinforcing the material with further structures which simply avoid puncture and then return to their original position.

[0042] This can also be achieved in that the material used has elastic properties. Superplastic deformability and high toughness of the material can be provided. The material can have a very smooth surface so that the fluid can flow as turbulently as possible and also irritate surrounding structures, such as the vein wall, as little as possible.

[0043] The material can also have thrombogenic (clot-forming / coagulation-activating) properties, so that the puncture channel is closed by components of the body itself, in particular the blood itself, for example by platelets or fibrin. The intravenous catheter can in this case consist of a plurality of layers, of which only the inner layer has thrombogenic properties and the outer layer has non-thrombogenic properties. It is also possible that only one layer has thrombogenic properties and only another layer has non-thrombogenic properties. Depending on the desired properties of the intravenous catheter, the arrangement of the layers can be substantially variable.

[0044] This results in a biologically sound venous catheter whose wall closes itself but which prevents the formation of excessively large thrombi that could block the lumen of the venous catheter.

[0045] If the venous catheter is composed of multiple layers, a "linking rod phenomenon" may also occur. ", i.e. in the event of an unintentional puncture of the intravenous catheter, the puncture site is sealed by the layers of the wall of the intravenous catheter being displaced relative to one another and thereby sealing the puncture site. It is therefore conceivable that the layers are displaceable relative to one another due to their structure.

[0046] Advantageously, these may be materials which do not release or discharge particles or other components even in the event of mechanical or other stimuli.

[0047] The intravenous catheter and / or the puncture needle can be configured as an intravenous catheter and / or puncture needle that expands or enlarges due to body heat. Due to body heat, the catheter may experience an increase in volume. This may cause the outer diameter of the intravenous catheter to increase. The inner diameter may also increase in this case, but it may also decrease.

[0048] The intravenous catheter and / or the puncture needle can also contain an expandable gas or a sterile liquid in its wall which causes the above-mentioned properties. The intravenous catheter and / or the puncture needle can also be inflatable or expandable.

[0049] This has the advantage that the enlarged intravenous catheter and / or puncture needle that must be introduced through the skin into the vein is only small, without widening the skin channel significantly. This can reduce pain and infection.

[0050] However, the intravenous catheter and / or the puncture needle may also experience a reduction in volume due to body heat.

[0051] The intravenous cannula can have at least one holding element for simplifying the application at a biological site, wherein the holding element has a complementary shape or negative contour of a human thumb or a human fingertip. Thus, the intravenous cannula can be ergonomically advantageously improved for the user.

[0052] The intravenous catheter can have a fastening element, wherein the fastening element is designed to fasten the indwelling venous cannula to a living being, wherein the fastening element has an adhesive or cohesive surface or an adhesive or adhesive coating for fastening the indwelling venous cannula to a living being.

[0053] In this way, it can be achieved that the intravenous indwelling cannula cannot be pulled out of the punctured body part of the living being unintentionally. In addition, the administration is also simplified because the intravenous indwelling cannula is fixedly held at the patient and is not unstable. Here, the intravenous indwelling cannula can be fixed on the living being, for example, via a self-adhesive wound bandage via a fastening element.

[0054] In this way, the intravenous cannula can be fixed directly on the patient's skin after successful placement. The removable protective film can protect the surface until the intravenous cannula reaches the position where it should be fixed.

[0055] The intravenous catheter of the intravenous indwelling cannula can have a corrugated surface. The corrugated surface is represented by the alternating diameter of the intravenous catheter at least in the cross section along the longitudinal axis of the intravenous catheter. Here, the corrugated shape can be composed of a sine wave, a square wave, a triangle wave and / or a sawtooth wave, for example. It is also advantageous that the intravenous catheter has a spiral structure and / or is provided with a spiral structure. Due to the spiral structure, the intravenous catheter has a large flexibility, which enables simplified application at a biological site. Therefore, a intravenous indwelling cannula is provided, which is not only resistant to cutting and puncture, but also flexibly constructed.

[0056] The intravenous catheter and / or the puncture needle can have a helical structure and / or be provided with a helical structure, wherein the helical structure has turns, wherein the density of the turns varies over the length of the intravenous catheter and / or the puncture needle.

[0057] By means of the density of the windings and the material selection of the intravenous catheter, the desired properties, in particular with regard to the flexibility and rigidity of the intravenous catheter, can be achieved depending on the application. Thus, a high rigidity and a high puncture resistance can be achieved in a tightly wound intravenous catheter. If the intravenous catheter is not wound so tightly, the flexibility increases.

[0058] By varying the density of the turns of the intravenous catheter, sections with less dense turns can also be intentionally created. Thus, a "corrugation zone" with greater flexibility is produced in the intravenous catheter. Thus, for example, the vein wall can be less irritated by the intravenous catheter. In addition, an intravenous catheter can be used that is optimally adapted to the course of the vein. In addition, an intravenous catheter with a "corrugation zone" can also be optimally adapted to the patient's movements.

[0059] The venous catheter can also have telescopic properties or be designed in a ramp-shaped manner. The venous catheter can also change its diameter towards the vein or in the opposite direction.

[0060] When selecting the material, a combination of different metals or other puncture-resistant materials can also be used. It is conceivable that the density of the coils can also be set by the user if necessary, in such a way that the wound intravenous catheter can be pulled apart or brought together. It is also possible that the density of the coils at different locations of the intravenous catheter is different due to the structure, so that the flexibility and rigidity of the intravenous catheter, especially in the longitudinal direction, are changed due to the structure.

[0061] Likewise, in the region where the venous catheter transitions into the skin, the venous catheter is designed differently than in the region closer to the vein. Therefore, the venous catheter can, for example, only have a corrugated surface in this region or be reinforced with other structures or elements.

[0062] The windings can be formed in such a way that they extend parallel or approximately parallel. However, other forms of windings are also possible, including forms with overlapping windings. Opposite windings or windings with different rise angles are also conceivable. In particular, windings with a rise angle are wound obliquely, in contrast to parallel windings, i.e. the windings are not oriented substantially orthogonally to the longitudinal axis of the windings, but at a rise angle relative to the longitudinal axis. In addition, braid-like structures are also possible.

[0063] The intravenous catheter can also be formed with one or more removable layers. If the layers are removed, the inner diameter and / or the tube lumen of the intravenous catheter increases. In this way, layers of the intravenous catheter that are colonized with germs or provided with blood clots can be easily removed. However, it is also possible to introduce layers from the outside in this way so that the intravenous catheter can be supplemented with further layers.

[0064] The intravenous catheter can contain, for example, a plurality of inner tubes which can be removed if necessary.

[0065] However, the inner hose can also be designed with a very thin wall, so that the wall can be removed without significantly changing the inner diameter of the intravenous catheter. In this case, the wall can be designed in a film-like manner. In this context, it can also be referred to as "onion-skin-like". As a result, the inner wall of the intravenous catheter can be provided with new walls many times, which have fluid contact and blood contact.

[0066] The intravenous catheter can also be made of or coated with a resorbable or soluble material, such as a carbohydrate, over its entire length or part of its length. The material can give the intravenous catheter a certain hardness, and likewise, the tip close to the vein can be hard-formed by means of this material so that it can be pushed well into the vein. When in contact with the blood, the material is reabsorbed, i.e. dissolved in the blood. Thus, the less hard structure can be released. Thus, the intravenous catheter can be hard-formed before being introduced into the patient and in particular before being introduced into the vein and then softened.

[0067] Therefore, a resorbable or soluble (hereinafter simply "soluble") outer layer or substance that can also play an antibacterial role around the intravenous catheter can also be advantageous, because despite the sterile precautions, the intravenous catheter can be infected by germs that are, for example, directly under the skin and cannot be reached by skin disinfection when it is introduced through the skin. Although, if the outer layer of the intravenous catheter infected with germs now dissolves in the patient and especially in the blood, it is possible that the patient's time-limited germ burden may be caused by the germs, for example, being flushed into the bloodstream. However, the germs cannot remain on the intravenous catheter for a long time, multiply there and, for example, form a biofilm. Due to the blood flow, the positive effect just mentioned can be particularly prominent in the partial area of ​​the intravenous catheter surrounded by the blood flow. The intravenous catheter can be surrounded by an external soluble layer over a partial length or over its entire length.

[0068] Likewise, the puncture needle can be made of a resorbable material and soften after being introduced into the patient and the vein. In this configuration, the puncture needle itself can be an intravenous catheter. Then it is feasible that the puncture needle is constructed like an intravenous catheter and has corresponding properties. Then, the end of the modified puncture needle close to the vein can be made of a hard soluble material that shapes the tip. A grinding shape, such as a triangular grinding shape, is also feasible. When in contact with the patient and especially with the vein, the material dissolves and the other parts of the puncture needle are released. The puncture needle can now be used directly as an intravenous catheter. In this case, the soluble material can also initially block the interior of the puncture needle to ensure that no particles or, for example, skin cylinders that are flushed out are brought into the vein.

[0069] It is conceivable that all components of the intravenous cannula are made of a soluble material or are coated with such a material. The soluble material can be, for example, a carbohydrate, in particular glucose, sucrose, sucrose amylose and / or starch.

[0070] The end of the puncture needle close to the vein, in particular the sharp end or the end provided with a grinding shape, can be made of a resorbable or soluble material, for example one of the carbohydrates described above, or be coated with such a material. The resorbable or soluble material dissolves in the patient or the blood flow. In this way, the puncture needle can become blunt when it is in the patient. It is also possible that the fluid flow through the puncture needle or the fluid flow through the venous catheter similarly is interrupted or blocked by the rapid dissolution of the resorbable material. This can avoid the fluid from being outputted into the blood vessel undesirably. This can be important, for example, when the fluid or substance is only allowed to be applied under the skin (subcutaneously).

[0071] The need for an indwelling intravenous cannula as in conventional embodiments may be eliminated entirely, since the puncture needle already constitutes the intravenous catheter due to its resorbable properties and can remain in the vein for administration.

[0072] For example, the intravenous catheter and / or the puncture needle can be wound from metal like a spiral spring, where the individual layers can be closely attached to each other so that they touch each other. This is similar to the construction of the already known Seldinger wire, which is composed of tightly wound steel wires. Due to the tightly wound layers, the intravenous catheter is designed to be cut-resistant and puncture-resistant and at the same time flexible.

[0073] By means of the helical spring and / or other structures which reinforce the intravenous catheter, the intravenous catheter is also particularly suitable for applications which involve increased flow rates and increased infusion pressures, for example when infusing contrast agents in the field of radiology.

[0074] The helical spring can also be designed in such a way that a "windkesseleffekt" is generated, i.e. the helical spring and the intravenous line can compensate for pressure fluctuations by elasticity. This can also prevent or at least minimize the undesired discharge of large amounts of liquid within a short period of time. For example, it is conceivable that the mentioned properties of the helical spring, for example by an extension or increase in diameter, release at least one opening through which the undesired inflowing fluid can now be discharged. It is also possible to temporarily store the excessive inflowing fluid in the intravenous line itself in the event of subsequent removal by the user.

[0075] It is also possible that the coil spring is designed such that after the intravenous catheter has been introduced into the vein or after it has reached its desired end position, it is removable, ie can be pulled out of the intravenous catheter in the longitudinal direction away from the vein, for example.

[0076] In this case, it is advantageous that the helical spring is detached or can be detached from the intravenous catheter by its own special material properties or the special material properties of the remaining intravenous catheter. This can be, for example, a thermoplastic property, but the helical spring can also be slidable.

[0077] This results in a venous catheter which, due to the coil spring, can be easily introduced into the vein in a sufficiently rigid state, but which, after reaching the desired end position and after the coil spring has been removed, does not permanently irritate the vein wall due to excessive rigidity, which could lead to complications.

[0078] The puncture needle can be designed to correspond to a Seldinger wire, but can additionally be designed with a puncture tip. The Seldinger wire is introduced into a vein or another anatomical structure of the patient and a catheter can be introduced into the patient via the Seldinger wire.

[0079] If the Seldinger wire is forgotten to be removed after the insertion of the catheter, for which it serves internally as a guide wire and thus as a guide rail, it may inadvertently remain in the patient as a complication.

[0080] This complication has been described many times in the medical literature.

[0081] Due to the design, these complications cannot necessarily be prevented by classic Seldinger wires, since they do not have a structure at their end facing away from the vein that prevents the Seldinger wire from being inadvertently introduced too deeply into the catheter and / or into the vein and then possibly being forgotten in the vein.

[0082] A novel Seldinger wire is proposed, which can advantageously be improved at its end remote from the vein by means of the following features:

[0083] A) The end away from the vein can be curved, angled, hooked, looped, J-shaped or U-shaped or inverted J-shaped or inverted U-shaped. In this case, it is advantageous that the end away from the vein is very flexible and user-friendly so that the catheter can be quickly put on via the end. Then, if the catheter is put on, the end away from the vein temporarily presents the usual straighter shape of the catheter. If the catheter now passes through the longer Sedinger wire with its full length, the Sedinger wire presents the shape described in the first sentence in a) again at its end away from the vein. Now, the end of the Sedinger wire away from the vein can no longer pass through the end of the catheter away from the vein at all, because the end does not match here due to shape. Therefore, for example, in loop-shaped or other embodiments, it may be caused that the shape of the inner side of the loop relative to the catheter that is placed so concavely ensures that the Sedinger wire modified in this way can only be pushed through the intravenous catheter with active bending movement. An undesired disappearance of the Seldinger wire in the intravenous catheter is prevented by the inner side of the loop of the Seldinger wire touching the end of the intravenous catheter facing away from the vein.

[0084] In a), an inverted conventional Seldinger wire is by no means described, which already has a J-shaped structure at the end of the Seldinger wire close to the vein.

[0085] b) An element extending out of the wire can be arranged at the end of the novel Seldinger wire that is remote from the vein, and which must be actively pressed down by the user so that the catheter can be passed onto the Seldinger wire. The element can be provided with a spring mechanism and can also be designed in a rectangular, container-shaped, stamp-shaped or ramp-shaped manner. If the catheter is now above the element and surrounds the Seldinger wire at this location, the element is pressed toward the wire and the catheter can be pushed over the wire. If the end of the catheter that is remote from the vein now passes over the element, the element returns to its starting position and the Seldinger wire can no longer disappear completely into the catheter and thus into the vein purely passively.

[0086] c) The Seldinger wire can also be wound differently or have a larger diameter at its end facing away from the vein over a defined length. The Seldinger wire can in particular also be compressible or expandable over a defined length.

[0087] d) A plug or an element which increases the circumference of the end of the Seldinger wire remote from the vein can be placed via the connector or without the connector, and is placed when the catheter is passed over the wire toward the vein. The element can also be a cylindrical or disk-shaped element with an inner cavity through which the Seldinger wire is guided.

[0088] However, it is also conceivable that the intravenous catheter has grooves distributed on the circumference, such as a corrugated tube that provides a wavy surface. Therefore, a high flexibility of the intravenous catheter can be achieved. The grooves extend continuously on the entire circumference of the intravenous catheter, and are advantageously arranged in parallel at uniform or uneven intervals on the length of the intravenous catheter. Thus, the intravenous catheter has a variable diameter. In this way, it is possible that the intravenous catheter is orientable in different positions. However, it is also conceivable that the grooves can extend spirally in a distributed manner on the circumference. Such spiral grooves have the following advantages: the pressure loss of the fluid guided through the intravenous catheter is reduced, and at the same time, a vortex of the fluid can be achieved.

[0089] The intravenous catheter can advantageously be improved by means of one or more reinforcing layers. It can thereby be achieved that the tube lumen / inner diameter of the intravenous catheter can no longer be compressed / pressed together in any way by external influences. The intravenous catheter can now also be directly sutured securely by means of thread without causing a "tightening" of the intravenous catheter.

[0090] However, due to the above-mentioned properties of the indwelling venous cannula, it is also possible to initially leave the puncture needle pulled back into the venous catheter in the venous catheter in order to perform a new puncture at a later point in time, for example in a deeper structure.

[0091] The intravenous catheter can have a sensor at the end close to the vein. For example, biological data, such as blood pressure, can be detected via the sensor. The sensor can be connected to a component of the intravenous catheter, such as a spiral structure, in an electrically conductive or data-transmitting manner. In an advantageous configuration, the spiral structure can already be configured as a sensor.

[0092] It is also possible that the sensor has a flat or corrugated structure. However, the helical spring can also be designed to be non-conductive or to consist of a non-conductive material. It is also possible to coat the helical spring with an electrically insulating material.

[0093] A sensor can also be arranged at the end of the venous cannula, in particular the venous catheter, which is close to the vein, and which detects that the distance of the vein wall from the venous catheter is too small. In this way, the position of the venous catheter or the entire venous cannula can be corrected, possibly also automatically. It is conceivable that the sensor also has an alarm function, by means of which a blood clot or other structures, such as bacterial masses, can be warned.

[0094] As a result, the risk of further damage and, for example, undesired puncture of the vein wall when the venous catheter is already in the desired position can also be prevented or at least reduced.

[0095] A clamping element can be provided at the intravenous catheter, wherein the clamping element is designed to interrupt the fluid flow through the intravenous catheter. In principle, such a clamping element can already be firmly integrated at all components of the intravenous cannula.

[0096] The intravenous catheter of the intravenous indwelling cannula can have a dilator at the end close to the patient for uniformly widening the punctured body part. This has the following advantages: the intravenous catheter can be introduced into the punctured body part of the living being without additionally widening the puncture site, in that the dilator on the intravenous catheter or the dilator integrated into the intravenous catheter is pushed together with the intravenous catheter via the puncture needle into the punctured body part, wherein the necessary dilation is performed and the intravenous catheter can be pushed further into the body part.

[0097] Based on the 360° system, the expansion body can taper at an acute angle of less than 11 degrees. This angle relates to the angular dimension between two outer expansion surfaces of the expansion body and not to the central axis of the expansion body.

[0098] Advantageously, the expansion body can taper at an acute angle of less than 10.5 degrees. This has the advantage that the intravenous catheter can be introduced into the punctured body part simply and without additionally widening the puncture site, in that the expansion body is pushed into the punctured body part via the puncture needle, wherein the necessary expansion takes place and the intravenous catheter can be pushed into the body part. For this purpose, it is necessary that the expansion body tapers at an acute angle of less than 11 degrees, in particular less than 10.5 degrees, so that advancement through the skin can take place during the expansion process. It is conceivable that the expansion body is composed of a material or is coated with a material that reduces the frictional resistance in order to simplify the advancement of the expansion body. It is also conceivable that after the expansion body has been successfully introduced into the punctured body part, the expansion body is widened so that the puncture site is widened so that the intravenous catheter can be pushed into the punctured body part.

[0099] It is also possible for the expansion body to be designed in a shape that enables a stepped widening of the vein and / or the puncture site and / or the puncture channel (hereinafter referred to simply as “puncture channel”).

[0100] For this purpose, the expansion body can be designed so that its diameter changes, for example increases, from near the vein to far from the vein. This can be done continuously or in stages. In the latter case, the diameter is first constant over a certain section until a caliber jump occurs. The sequence can be repeated several times until the end of the expansion body far from the vein is reached.

[0101] In order to increase patient safety, it can be advantageous in this case if, at each aperture jump, an element indicating the location of the aperture jump is present at the location of the aperture jump. The element can also be designed in such a way that it surrounds the expansion body at the location of the aperture jump, for example also in a circular manner. If an aperture jump is now to be carried out within the scope of the expansion process, the element must first be passed over, or the user must push the element to another location of the expansion body. This ensures that the aperture jump is perceived by the user. The user can now decide whether it is necessary to further widen the puncture channel.

[0102] The extraction element or also the hose element can optionally also be connected to the end of the expansion body remote from the vein via a connecting element or an extension element. If the expansion body is hollow, the correct position in the vein can be checked when widening the puncture channel by extracting or aspirating blood via the expansion body with the help of an extraction element, for example a syringe. This can be done continuously if a guide wire is not used that completely fills the tubular lumen of the expansion body. However, it is also possible to use a guide wire that is hollow inside and to extract blood via the guide wire. It is also possible to first introduce the expansion body with the help of a guide wire, then remove the guide wire in a further process, and then push the expansion body deeper into the vein under continued extraction.

[0103] In order to continuously verify the correct position of the intravenous catheter in the blood vessel, blood can be drawn permanently or as needed through the stent placed during widening of the puncture channel.

[0104] By means of an expansion body designed in this way, the puncture channel can be widened in a gradual, stepped manner by means of a single expansion body, without having to successively thread a plurality of expansion bodies with increasing diameters onto the guide wire and remove them again.

[0105] If the puncture needle is located in the venous catheter, it is also possible for the puncture needle, which projects out of the venous catheter in the longitudinal direction toward the vein, to be designed as an expansion body and to have the above-mentioned properties.

[0106] Another structure can also be designed, for example, in the form of an applicator or a sponge or a foam or gel ring, which partially or completely surrounds parts of the expansion body and moistens the parts with a friction-reducing or antibacterial substance before or during introduction into the vein.

[0107] The venous catheter of the venous indwelling cannula can have recesses distributed around the circumference at the end close to the patient in order to uniformly convey the fluid into the living being. This has the following advantages: for example, the administration of the drug into the body of the living being can be carried out more uniformly than in conventional venous indwelling cannulas, so that the drug does not undesirably concentrate at one location. In addition, depending on the respective application, for example, blood or other liquids can be better extracted, and for example, secretions or air can also be better drained.

[0108] The intravenous catheter can be designed in a curved or angled manner, in particular at the end directly adjacent to the vein. The intravenous catheter can also be designed in a J-shaped manner, wherein the intravenous catheter can be designed to be flexible, in particular in the region of the J-shaped shape, and also more flexible than at its other sections. However, the intravenous catheter can also be designed in a U-shaped manner. This property can only become visible when the intravenous catheter is pushed through the puncture needle, because the intravenous catheter rests tightly against the straight puncture needle in the starting position, so that the intravenous catheter designed in this way is clamped by the puncture needle in the starting position.

[0109] In this case, the end of the intravenous catheter that is so curved or angled near the vein can be designed so that when the intravenous catheter is advanced via the puncture needle, the desired direction of advancement is preset. In addition, in the above-mentioned configuration, when the desired position in the blood vessel has been reached, the end of the intravenous catheter that is close to the vein never directly touches the wall of the blood vessel. Therefore, the vein wall can not be easily punctured unintentionally. Here, the curved portion or the angled portion can be eliminated by external influences.

[0110] In this case, the concave portion of the intravenous catheter can be arranged at the position where the bend or angle of the intravenous catheter is the largest. Thus, for example, the liquid to be infused continues to follow the flow direction away from the intravenous catheter into the blood vessel.

[0111] The recess can also be designed as a flap-shaped element (hereinafter referred to as "flap") and / or be connected to such an element. In this case, it is advantageous if the flap exerts a valve action and / or controls the flow of the fluid in an advantageous manner. Thus, the flow of the fluid can also be deflected by the flap.

[0112] Different from traditional venous indwelling sleeve, except the embodiment of single tube lumen, the intravenous catheter of the intravenous indwelling sleeve of the present invention can also have at least two tube lumens separated from each other. The puncture needle is guided through one of the tube lumens. Thus, the intravenous indwelling sleeve of multi-tube lumen is produced, through which different medicines and solutions separated from each other can be applied simultaneously. By the recess or outflow hole arranged laterally at the intravenous catheter place, different medicines and solutions can be prevented from mixing. In addition, the flow rate of the liquid applied can be improved by arranging a plurality of lateral recesses or outflow holes. Pressure infusion can be advantageously applied. In this case, the structure of the puncture-proof material described above can also be adapted to the existence of the lateral outflow hole, for example, around the outflow hole annularly, so as to additionally stabilize the outflow hole or keep the outflow port open.

[0113] It is also conceivable that the recess at the intravenous catheter can be closed by a flexible structure, which can be operated by the user close to the user. In this case, a spring-like, rope-like or bracket-like mechanism can be used.

[0114] It is also possible that there is no longer a classic recess directly visible to the human eye at the intravenous catheter or the intravenous indwelling cannula. Nevertheless, the intravenous catheter can still be partially or completely improved or coated with a material that is permeable to fluids, gases or steam. It is possible that the material has a braided or grid-like structure and is permeable. Similarly, the material can have very small recesses, for example, also pores. The structures can also all be very small. For example, nanostructures can be used. It is also possible to use structures that are only selectively permeable only to specific fluids, gases, steam or substances.

[0115] It is feasible that recess / outflow hole can also be arranged on the upper and lower part of the intravenous catheter in the multi-tube lumen configuration scheme of the intravenous catheter. In the multi-tube lumen configuration scheme of the intravenous catheter, it is also advantageous to be used to connect a plurality of connecting elements for connecting an extraction element or a plurality of extraction elements. Thus, it is possible to improve the position of the intravenous catheter or the intravenous catheter in the blood vessel, for example, because the position of the different sections of the intravenous catheter in the blood vessel can be checked. This has medical importance, for example, when puncturing deeper blood vessels. If the tube lumen with its opening near the user in the blood vessel is checked in terms of the reflux of blood, it can usually be based on: all other tube lumens also terminate in the blood vessel, because the openings of the other tube lumens are arranged more deeply in the blood vessel. Different openings can also be covered or surrounded by means of materials visible in the X-ray image to carry out the accurate position inspection of the opening, thereby also being used for the accurate position inspection of the intravenous catheter or the intravenous catheter. The connection element or the connection elements can be arranged on the indwelling venous cannula in such a way that they point away from the patient's skin at an angle, for example at an angle of 90 degrees or at an angle of 45 degrees.

[0116] In the case of an indwelling venous cannula in a multi-lumen design, for example only that part of the venous catheter in which the puncture needle is guided in a longitudinally displaceable manner can have the puncture-resistant material.

[0117] In the case of a multi-lumen embodiment of the indwelling venous cannula, the lumen through which the puncture needle is guided in the venous catheter can be situated preferably centrally between the other lumen.

[0118] This simplifies puncturing, since the puncturing direction can be easily assessed by the user, since puncturing can be performed in a straight direction.

[0119] In the embodiment of at least two tube lumens of the intravenous cannula, the intravenous catheter can have an outer tube lumen, which partially or completely surrounds all other tube lumens externally in a circular or semicircular manner and / or is located below the outer wall of the intravenous catheter. The tube lumen can now have a recess arranged over a part of the length or the entire length of the intravenous catheter, via which a fluid can be administered once, repeatedly or continuously.

[0120] The tube lumen is primarily intended for conveying fluids or substances, for example antimicrobial and / or thrombolytic substances, which wet the intravenous catheter from the outside or are generally intended to act completely from the outside on the intravenous catheter and its surroundings.

[0121] Thus, for example, deposits on the intravenous catheter can be removed or washed away. Bacterial colonization can also be prevented or at least reduced. The tube cavity can be specially marked on the intravenous indwelling cannula, because its recess cannot necessarily be placed in the vein. It is also possible to continuously apply flushing solutions via the tube cavity, which can then be called a "flushing tube cavity", for example. It is also possible that the recess of the tube cavity is directly adjacent to other recesses of the intravenous catheter, so that fluids and substances can be applied in its immediate surroundings.

[0122] Local anesthetic and / or antibacterial substances can be introduced into the patient's body continuously or in a limited time by means of a venous indwelling cannula. Thus, for example, pain relief can be achieved when introducing or leaving a venous indwelling cannula.

[0123] The indwelling venous cannula or catheter can contain or be coated with a material over its entire length or at defined locations which is visible in an X-ray image and thus allows the exact position of the indwelling venous cannula or catheter in the body to be checked.

[0124] The intravenous catheter of the intravenous indwelling cannula can have a connecting element for connecting an extraction element, such as a syringe, wherein the intravenous catheter has a structure, wherein the structure is set up for locking with the extraction element. Thus, it is possible to check at any time by extraction whether the intravenous catheter is in the target structure of the organism. Thus, for example, it is possible to verify by drawing blood whether the intravenous catheter of the intravenous indwelling cannula is still in the blood vessel. In addition, such a connecting element enables simplified administration.

[0125] The connecting element at the end of an intravenous cannula remote from the vein for connecting an extraction element, such as a syringe, can be designed in such a way that, in addition to conventional elements for unscrewing or inserting the extraction element, it also contains elements with additional safety mechanisms.

[0126] Such a safety element ensures that disconnection between the venous cannula and the withdrawal element and / or other elements connected to the venous cannula (hereinafter referred to as “withdrawal element”), for example an infusion hose, is reliably prevented.

[0127] The safety element can have a stop which prevents the withdrawal element from being twisted or unscrewed from the venous cannula.

[0128] The stop can interact with the at least one path limiting element.

[0129] The cooperation of the stop with the path-delimiting element provides a fastening device, wherein a maximum rotation angle of the fastening device of the extraction element is limited.

[0130] If the stop arranged on the withdrawal element comes into contact with the path-limiting element, the withdrawal element can no longer be rotated further in the corresponding direction of rotation.

[0131] There can also be multiple path limiting elements, for example at least two path limiting elements. The path limiting element can be shaped and operated differently (for example, it can be pressed downward). The path limiting element can also have a locking function in particular. However, the path limiting element can also be configured in the following form in this case: it is connected to the venous indwelling sleeve via a spiral spring. The spiral spring can be placed in the cylindrical recess / hole in the venous indwelling sleeve in this case. It is thus feasible to actively press the path limiting element towards the venous indwelling sleeve so as to temporarily actively cancel the effect of the path limiting element, so as to still be able to actively rotate the stop portion via the path limiting element. The path limiting element itself can be configured in the form of a stamp or a ramp, for example, but other forms are also conceivable.

[0132] But also conceivable is that the extraction element is locked in the structure of the venous indwelling cannula, so that disconnection is not feasible.In addition, it is advantageous that the structure can distinguish between venous and arterial positions or functions.

[0133] A mechanism for automatically interrupting the fluid flow can also be formed when no extraction element is present at the venous cannula.

[0134] It is conceivable that the intravenous catheter is advanced toward the vein via the internal puncture needle, for example, by the rotational movement of the connecting element of the intravenous indwelling sleeve or another component. For this reason, gears or gear-shaped elements (hereinafter referred to as "a gear" / "multiple gears") that engage with each other can be used.

[0135] This can be advantageous in difficult venous punctures when the indwelling venous cannula and in particular the puncture needle must be stabilized with one hand and the venous catheter must be precisely advanced through the puncture needle into the vein with the other hand.

[0136] In particular, the connecting element can be arranged on the upper side of the indwelling venous cannula in a region which must not be introduced into the patient.

[0137] Nevertheless, an extraction aid, such as a syringe, can still be connected via the connecting element. The connecting element can be hollow on the inside and be formed with a cover which is connected to the connecting element via a web.

[0138] In order to form the mechanism mentioned above, the rotatable connecting element can be inserted, for example, at its lower section into a cavity of the indwelling venous cannula, which cavity forms an extension of the venous catheter in the longitudinal direction away from the vein towards the user.

[0139] The lower section of the rotatable connecting element can be modified by means of a gear. Likewise, the intravenous catheter can be extended up to said section or extend beyond said section in the longitudinal direction away from the vein towards the user and be provided with a gear.

[0140] The gear can now engage in the gear of the connecting element, and different angles are conceivable with regard to the arrangement / orientation of the gears relative to one another. When the connecting element is now rotated about its own longitudinal axis, the intravenous catheter is now moved in the longitudinal direction. In an alternative or additional embodiment, the intravenous catheter can also be rotated about its own longitudinal axis. However, it is also conceivable that the puncture needle can be moved in a similar corresponding manner.

[0141] The puncture needle can also be configured as a curved and / or angled hollow needle. The puncture needle can also be configured in a spiral spring shape in particular. The intravenous catheter surrounding the puncture needle can have sufficient flexibility and robustness to also surround a non-straight puncture needle and adapt to its shape. Therefore, the intravenous catheter can also be configured in a curved, angled and / or spiral spring shape in the initial position before, during or after being applied to the patient.

[0142] In the case of a helical spring-shaped design, the component designed in this way and to be introduced into the patient is introduced into the patient by means of a rotational movement. The axis of rotation in this case runs orthogonally to the skin surface.

[0143] Likewise, the entire venous cannula can be designed in a curved, angled and / or helical spring-like manner. However, it is also possible that, in particular, the part of the venous cannula that is remote from the vein continues to be designed in a straight manner.

[0144] It is also possible that the puncture needle and / or the intravenous catheter contains straight sections between the curved, angled or spring-shaped sections. It is also possible that the curved, angled or spring-shaped sections are combined with each other at will. A screw-like structure of all the above-mentioned components is also conceivable.

[0145] If the intravenous catheter is now advanced toward the vein via the puncture needle, the intravenous catheter can also assume its original shape again, for example a linear shape. The intravenous catheter can also assume a specific shape or control a specific structure in a specific direction depending on the structure.

[0146] It is conceivable that the curved, angled and / or coil spring-shaped puncture needles are used alone or in combination with a venous catheter in a venous indwelling cannula where a position in a vein is not absolutely necessary. For example, it is conceivable that they are used as subcutaneous catheters, injection and / or infusion systems in palliative medicine. In this field, the subcutaneous administration of drugs and infusion solutions is very important.

[0147] At the end of the intravenous catheter close to the user, a subcutaneous catheter system constructed in this way can only be configured with a connection element for an extraction element, such as a syringe. It is also conceivable that only the infusion line can be fastened to the end remote from the vein, for example via a plug connection or a swivel connection and / or via a connector constructed in another way.

[0148] Although feasible, the puncture needle does not necessarily have to be made of metal. Therefore, the puncture needle can also be made of a plastic material with sufficient hardness, for example. The plastic material can advantageously have thermoplastic properties. Therefore, when the puncture needle is pushed into the vein or is in the vein, the puncture needle can become softer.

[0149] The puncture needle can also be made of different materials in sections and / or be made soft in defined sections.

[0150] In this embodiment, the puncture needle can have one or more recesses distributed around the circumference at the end close to the vein, through which a uniform delivery of fluids, such as drugs or infusion solutions, to the patient can be achieved. Blood can also be extracted through the recesses.

[0151] The intravenous catheter of the intravenous indwelling sleeve can be provided with an expansion body for fixing the intravenous catheter position in the body part through puncture. This expansion body can for example be configured as an inflatable collar, a so-called indwelling band (Cuff), which for example is arranged on the outside of the intravenous catheter. Through this indwelling band, it is possible to achieve outward sealing of the intravenous indwelling sleeve, in the form of inflating or filling the indwelling band introduced under the skin with liquid, thereby the puncture system is outwardly sealed and also advantageously fixed in its position.

[0152] However, such an expansion body can also be formed on the inside of the venous catheter and, if necessary, cover the inside of the venous catheter and seal and / or provide a barrier, for example, against reflux of blood.

[0153] The expansion body can be configured as a retention band, a collar or also a sleeve, such as a polyester sleeve. The expansion body can also be filled with fluid and / or gas and / or steam via its own small hose or catheter via a connecting element with an extraction element, such as a syringe, which hose or catheter can be integrated into a venous catheter or guided along the venous catheter.

[0154] The pressure measuring device can also be connected to the connecting element. The connecting element is advantageously modified in this case by means of a valve, which prevents the spontaneous retrograde outflow of fluid and / or gas and / or steam. However, the substance can be actively extracted from the expansion body again, for example also by means of an extraction element.

[0155] The venous indwelling cannula can have a hollow extension element, wherein the hollow extension element can be traversed by a fluid to reduce thrombogenicity. If the extension element and thus the venous catheter is traversed by a fluid, such as a saline solution, then a thrombus is prevented from forming in the venous catheter, which would make the use of the venous indwelling cannula unfeasible.

[0156] However, it is also conceivable to use a stylet which is arranged in the venous catheter in such a way as to prevent thrombogenicity.

[0157] It is also conceivable that the stylet arranged in the intravenous catheter or that can be introduced into the intravenous catheter is designed to be hollow.

[0158] When the hollow stylet is introduced into the intravenous catheter, the hollow stylet can extend beyond the intravenous catheter in length. In particular, the stylet can extend with its end near the vein beyond the end of the intravenous catheter near the vein. It is thus possible to use the hollow stylet for blood extraction and in particular for extraction of undiluted blood, because the end of the hollow stylet near the vein rests in an area in which the blood vessel does not come into contact with the actual intravenous catheter and / or possible remnants of the infusion solution, as would occur in the interior of the intravenous catheter.

[0159] The hollow stylet can have recesses distributed on the circumference for uniformly delivering the fluid to the organism at the end close to the vein. Likewise, blood can be extracted from the vein via the recesses.

[0160] A connecting element can be arranged at the end of the hollow stylet remote from the vein. An extraction element, such as a syringe, can be connected to the connecting element. Alternatively or additionally, a stop element, such as a stop element in the form of a flag, can be arranged at the site, so that the hollow stylet cannot be pushed too far toward the vein in the longitudinal direction or cannot be accidentally lost in the patient.

[0161] In principle, the hollow stylet can also be used as a guide wire. In this case, the hollow stylet can have a length of up to 600 cm and can also be advantageously improved with the aid of an internal core. In this case, the core, which can be constructed in one piece or in multiple pieces, does not necessarily have to be constructed over the entire length of the hollow stylet. The core can completely or partially fill the inner cavity of the hollow stylet and can also be composed of multiple parts, sections or components. The core can be removable. That is, the hollow stylet can not only be used as a robust guide wire, but also as a catheter for guiding fluids through.

[0162] The hollow stylet can also be used as an airway aid, for example as a breathing hose or as an endotracheal tube. The hollow stylet can also be used in the field of tracheotomy or cricothyrotomy. Another airway aid, such as a resuscitation bag, can be connected to the end of the hollow stylet close to the user via a connector or without the connector.

[0163] The hollow stylet can also be retained as an inner hose in the intravenous catheter of the intravenous indwelling cannula, also remaining therein for a longer period of time. It is then conceivable to regularly replace the hollow stylet, for example to prevent infection or thrombosis.

[0164] The hollow stylet can also be surrounded by a protective cap. The hollow stylet can be supported in the protective cap in a longitudinally displaceable or rotatable or completely flexible manner.

[0165] The protective cover can also be configured so that it has lamellar and / or retractable properties. In this way, the protective cover can be left during the introduction process to protect the hollow stylet and automatically pushed together when the hollow stylet passes through the intravenous catheter, because the protective cover cannot pass through the intravenous catheter itself.

[0166] The protective cover thus formed can also extend beyond the hollow stylet in length and circumference towards the vein before the introduction process begins. This provides infection protection for the patient and the user before the intended introduction process begins. In addition, the hollow stylet is thus free of germs or at least low in germs before the intended introduction process begins.

[0167] The protective cover can also be designed as a flexible protective sleeve or bag. The protective cover / protective sleeve can be designed to be tearable or splittable. The protective cover can also only include a part of the length of the hollow stylet and be placed on the hollow stylet in a manner that can be moved in the longitudinal direction. The protective cover can then be connected to the hollow stylet via a loop.

[0168] Only when a certain pressing force is applied in a certain direction to the end of the protective cap close to the vein is the protective cap pushed together in the longitudinal direction and, under further maintained pressing force, releases an ever-larger path section of the hollow stylet.

[0169] After the hollow stylet is removed, the protective cover is unfolded again in the longitudinal direction and surrounds all sections of the hollow stylet, thereby creating a closed system outside the patient / venous cannula, thereby preventing the user from coming into contact with the patient's blood.

[0170] In this case, the end of the protective cover close to the vein can be formed in a container-shaped, stamp-shaped or raised shape, for example. Also conceivable is a brim-shaped or ramp-shaped shape. The special shape prevents the protective cover from entering the region of the venous catheter itself during the introduction process.

[0171] In this case, the end of the protective cover close to the vein can be configured to be tiltable or configured in the following manner: the side parts can be flexibly moved independently of each other. It is thus achieved that the hollow stylet is introduced into the venous catheter from different introduction angles.

[0172] The protective cover can also be designed in the form of a push-back protective sleeve or other flexible structure. The protective cover can also be impregnated with friction-reducing, antibacterial and / or local anesthetic substances or contain such substances. The protective cover can also be made of corresponding materials or be provided with corresponding surfaces with the above-mentioned properties.

[0173] The protective cover can also be formed in the form of an applicator or a sponge or a foam or gel ring, which wets the part of the hollow stylet to be introduced into the intravenous catheter, for example, with a friction-reducing, anti-adhesive, anti-thrombotic, anti-bacterial and / or local anesthetic substance. Thus, for example, intravenous catheters that have been used for a long time can also be advantageously treated from the inside with an anti-bacterial or anti-thrombotic agent.

[0174] The protective cover surrounding the hollow stylet can also have the properties to be listed below. The protective cover can also surround the puncture needle, the intravenous catheter and / or all other components of the intravenous indwelling cannula, or also all other catheters and devices.

[0175] The intravenous indwelling sleeve can have a safety mechanism, which is set up to shield the tip of the puncture needle after the puncture needle is removed from the intravenous catheter. Through this shielding, the user or the creature is prevented from being injured at the tip of the puncture needle after the puncture needle is pulled out from the intravenous indwelling sleeve after puncture.

[0176] The puncture needle of the venous indwelling cannula can be surrounded by a protective cover, which is removed before using the venous indwelling cannula. In this way, undesirable injuries when handling the venous indwelling cannula can be avoided.

[0177] It is conceivable that the venous catheter and / or other components of the indwelling venous cannula are also surrounded by the protective cap.

[0178] The protective cover can be configured so that it has lamellar or retractable properties. In this way, the protective cover can remain during puncture to protect the intravenous catheter and is automatically pushed together when the intravenous catheter passes, because when the intravenous catheter is pushed, the protective cover cannot pass through the skin itself.

[0179] The protective cover thus formed can also extend beyond the tip of the puncture needle in length and circumference towards the vein before the puncture process begins. This provides a puncture protection that protects the patient and the user before the intended puncture process begins. In addition, the puncture needle is thus kept free of germs or low in germs before the intended puncture process begins.

[0180] Only when a certain pressing force is applied in a certain direction to the end of the protective cover close to the vein is the protective cover pushed together in the longitudinal direction and, while the pressing force is maintained, an increasingly larger path of the puncture needle or the intravenous catheter is released.

[0181] When the intravenous catheter is removed, optionally also when the intravenous catheter and the puncture needle are removed in the event of a failed puncture, the protective cap is unfolded again in the longitudinal direction and surrounds all sections of the intravenous catheter and the puncture needle.

[0182] The end of the protective cover near the vein can be formed in a container-shaped, stamp-shaped or raised shape. Also conceivable is a hat-brim-shaped or ramp-shaped shape. Prevent the protective cover from entering below the skin level during the puncture process by a special shape.

[0183] The end of the protective cover close to the vein can be configured in this case tiltably or in the following manner: the side portions can be flexibly moved independently of each other. Thus, it is possible to introduce the venous indwelling cannula into the patient from different puncture angles.

[0184] The protective cover can also be designed in the form of a retractable protective sleeve or other flexible structure. The protective cover can also be impregnated with friction-reducing, anti-adhesive, anti-thrombotic, antibacterial and / or local anesthetic substances or contain such substances. The protective cover can also be made of corresponding materials or be provided with corresponding surfaces having the above-mentioned properties.

[0185] The protective cover can also be formed in the form of an applicator or a sponge or a foam or gel ring which wets the part of the intravenous cannula to be introduced into the living being, for example with a friction-reducing, antibacterial and / or local anesthetic substance. It is also possible to use a puncture-proof film.

[0186] The protective cover can also be configured so that it only extends out of a part of the intravenous catheter and, after puncturing, is pushed toward the vein, for example, so that the end of the intravenous catheter or the puncture needle near the vein is protectively accommodated in its interior. When the intravenous indwelling cannula with the intravenous catheter and the puncture needle must be reliably removed, this is also important, especially in the case of an incorrect puncture. As described above, the protective cover can also be combined with a hollow stylet.

[0187] The intravenous indwelling cannula can have a puncture protection part for the puncture needle. At least in the new state of the intravenous indwelling cannula, the puncture protection part ensures that the user will not be injured at the tip of the puncture needle.

[0188] It is conceivable that the puncture protection can be designed similarly to the protective cap.

[0189] Depth markings can be placed on the intravenous catheter. The depth markings allow the user to check the insertion depth of the catheter in the patient. The intravenous catheter can also have a stop ring applied thereto in order to limit the insertion depth of the catheter to a defined section.

[0190] The puncture needle and / or the intravenous catheter can be mounted rotatably about its own longitudinal axis.

[0191] In this case, the puncture needle can be freely rotated about its longitudinal axis in any position in which it is moved in the longitudinal direction toward the venous catheter. In particular, the puncture needle can be freely rotated about its longitudinal axis when it is fully advanced toward the vein to be punctured.

[0192] This allows the grinding shape of the needle tip close to the vein to be spatially oriented with respect to the vein to be punctured. However, the puncture needle can also be adjusted to a fixedly preset position, for example, a position rotated by 90°, 180°, 270° around its longitudinal axis and / or any position rotated by 0° to 360°, especially when the puncture needle is fully advanced toward the vein to be punctured.

[0193] The end of the venous indwelling cannula away from the vein can, for example, contain a corresponding device, such as an incision, which interacts with a retaining element or a handle at the end of the puncture needle away from the vein, for example, engaging / locking into each other in a special precisely defined position. It is also possible that a braking effect is produced when the puncture needle is in a specific position and / or rotates around its longitudinal axis in a special angular range. Therefore, it is possible, for example, that when the puncture needle rotates in the range of 270 ° to 360 °, a greater user force is required than when rotating in the range of 0 ° to 90 °. It is also conceivable that when the puncture needle is deflected out of the 0 ° position by the user and then released, the puncture needle always automatically enters the 0 ° position again by the spring mechanism.

[0194] A rotatable mounting of the intravenous catheter can have the advantage that, for example, parts of the intravenous catheter that are blocked / obstructed by anatomical structures, such as an inflow or outflow opening, can be rotated / moved away from the blocked / obstructed structure without having to move or remove the entire intravenous cannula.

[0195] The puncture needle and the intravenous catheter can also be connected to one another in such a way that they are rotatably mounted only together / combinedly.

[0196] It is also conceivable that the intravenous catheter is longitudinally movably connected to other parts of the intravenous indwelling sleeve, or is longitudinally movably supported in the intravenous indwelling sleeve. The longitudinal movability can be limited by at least one path limiting element in this case. The path limiting element can have all the characteristics described in this document about the path limiting element. This can have the following advantages: the intravenous catheter can also be adapted to other patient movements in the desired end position. The following type of application can also be considered: before the puncture begins, the length of the puncture needle protruding from the intravenous catheter close to the vein can be accurately set.

[0197] If an angle is specified in degrees, it relates to the size of a circle of 360 degrees (360°).

[0198] The angle information can be visible to the user on the part of the intravenous cannula, so that, for example, the current angle of the puncture needle or the intravenous catheter can be read. For example, circular or semicircular markings of different line widths and color markings in the traffic light colors "green", "yellow" and "red" are conceivable.

[0199] The intravenous cannula can be advantageously improved, for example, by the following raw materials or raw material categories, substances, materials, elements, etc. (hereinafter referred to as "materials"), either individually or in combination. It is possible that all components of the intravenous cannula, in particular the intravenous catheter and / or the puncture needle, consist of or contain the following materials, either individually or in combination with one another:

[0200] - Biocompatible metals and polymers, biopolymers,

[0201] - biocompatible plastics, specifically for medical applications,

[0202] - shape memory alloys, such as Nitinol (nickel titanium alloy),

[0203] - copper, zinc, aluminum, iron, tungsten, manganese, silicon, magnesium, cobalt, gold, silver, bronze, platinum, palladium,

[0204] -brass,

[0205] - stainless steel, steel alloys, especially also rust-free steel alloys,

[0206] - unfired stone,

[0207] - functional polymers or smart polymers, such as shape memory polymers and thermoresponsive polymers, - ceramic materials, also bioceramics, textile fiber ceramics,

[0208] - silicone or silicone elastomer,

[0209] -chromium,

[0210] -thermoplastics,

[0211] - Thermosetting plastics,

[0212] - Elastomers, thermoplastic elastomers (TPE), TPE-A,

[0213] -polyimide,

[0214] - polyolefins,

[0215] -resins and synthetic resins,

[0216] -Rubber, special rubber, EDPM,

[0217] - rubber products,

[0218] -emulsion,

[0219] - aramid, aramid fibers, para-aramid fibers and meta-aramid fibers,

[0220] - thick cardboard,

[0221] - natural fibers,

[0222] - mineral fibers,

[0223] - fiber composites, fiber-reinforced composites and textile-reinforced composites, - carbon fibers, which can also reinforce composites,

[0224] - industrial textiles,

[0225] - urethanes, polyurethanes, and thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU),

[0226] - Polyester (PES),

[0227] - Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) materials and latex-free materials,

[0228] - sand, for example quartz sand,

[0229] -wood,

[0230] - Basalt,

[0231] - fluoropolymers,

[0232] - Polyurethane elastomer,

[0233] -thermoplastic high performance plastics,

[0234] - Polystyrene (PS), and expanded PS,

[0235] - Polyamide (PA),

[0236] - Polycarbonate (PC),

[0237] - perfluoroalkoxy polymer (PFA),

[0238] - Polysulfone (PSU),

[0239] - polyether block amide (PEBA),

[0240] - Polyetheretherketone (PEEK),

[0241] - Polyoxymethylene (POM),

[0242] - Polyphenylsulfone (PPSU),

[0243] - Polypropylene (PP),

[0244] - Polyethylene (PE), also LDPE, HDPE,

[0245] - Polyetherimide (PEI),

[0246] - Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyester,

[0247] - Polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF),

[0248] - Fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP),

[0249] - Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS),

[0250] - Polyphthalamide (PPA),

[0251] - Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS),

[0252] -Methyl methacrylate acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (MABS), -Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), EVAC,

[0253] -Spandex,

[0254] - melamine formaldehyde resin (MF),

[0255] - polyester resin,

[0256] -phosphocholine,

[0257] -nylon,

[0258] -Teflon,

[0259] - Bentonite,

[0260] - glass, glass fiber, glass fiber reinforced plastics,

[0261] -UV adhesive,

[0262] -PTFE, expanded PTFE, porous PTFE, -PTFE,

[0263] -ETFE,

[0264] -Parylene,

[0265] - amino plastics,

[0266] - Carbohydrates, sugars,

[0267] -protein,

[0268] -Fat,

[0269] -carbon,

[0270] -wool,

[0271] -

[0272] -Pile fabrics, non-woven fabrics.

[0273] The use of composite materials and layer composite materials is possible, blood compatibility and anti-adhesion properties are advantageous in all materials used. Likewise, resistance to sterilization and resistance to breakage are advantageous. Materials with thermoplastic properties can advantageously be used, and materials visible in X-rays can also advantageously be used. UV resistance and high resistance to the influence of chemicals are sought.

[0274] It is also possible to use fibers and biodegradable materials. It is also possible to use films, laminates and / or textile inserts.

[0275] Likewise, resorbable / dissolvable materials or materials that release drugs or raw materials / substances can be used. Thus, for example, it is possible for the material to release, contain or be coated with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, chemotherapeutic and / or local anesthetic substances. This also applies, for example, to antithrombotic substances, such as heparin, which can prevent the formation of blood clots at and near the venous catheter.

[0276] The surface structure and chemistry of the surface can be optimized. A hydrophilic or hydrophobic coating can be advantageous.

[0277] The above-mentioned materials can also be used in a locally varied manner at the intravenous catheter. Thus, for example, it is conceivable to use different materials at the end of the intravenous catheter that is adjacent to the vein and at the region that is remote from the vein. Thus, the tip of the intravenous catheter can be made of a softer material with thermoplastic properties, for example. However, the tip of the intravenous catheter can also be intentionally designed from a harder material in order to simplify the advancement into the vein.

[0278] In addition, at one or more positions of the intravenous indwelling cannula, materials can be connected and / or transitioned into each other by a technical process. Therefore, for example, it is feasible to connect or melt the spiral spring at the end of the intravenous catheter adjacent to the vein with the material located inside or outside that surrounds the spiral spring. This connection or melting can be achieved in the region of the entire intravenous catheter. Thus, the fracture of the spiral spring can be prevented. In this case, a material with suitable toughness can be advantageously used.

[0279] It is also possible to advantageously use materials that expand at body temperature and / or expand in a fluid environment, i.e. increase in volume. Thus, for example, bentonite can be used. For example, this effect can be used at the end of the intravenous catheter close to the vein: when the intravenous catheter is introduced, the intravenous catheter is sharp at the end close to the vein and is close to the puncture needle. When the intravenous catheter is placed in the vein in accordance with regulations, the intravenous catheter now expands at the end close to the vein, so that the vein wall can be less damaged. It is also possible that the intravenous catheter can expand in another section or over the entire length. It is also possible that the puncture needle can expand as described above to change its properties, for example, it becomes blunt by itself and is no longer sharp at the end close to the vein. Hydrogels can be used. It is also possible to place other structures, such as coil-like structures.

[0280] It is also feasible to use, for example, multiple layers of different materials forming the wall of the intravenous catheter. The layers can be firmly connected to each other or can be movable relative to each other. Different polymer states of the material can be present in the wall of the intravenous catheter.

[0281] When suitable materials are used, the venous cannula or its parts, in particular the venous catheter and / or the puncture needle, can be adapted by the user to the individual course or individual anatomical appearance of the vein before introduction into the patient, for example by bending or deforming.

[0282] The refinements of the layers or surfaces mentioned in the previous paragraph are possible.

[0283] The material and / or the surface coating can have fluorescent properties.

[0284] The material and / or the surface coating can also change color or change extensively due to metabolic activity, i.e., for example, due to metabolic activity of pathogens, such as bacteria. However, discoloration or changes caused by metabolic activity of the patient himself are also conceivable. Thus, for example, the duration of placement of an intravenous cannula or intravenous catheter can be determined and monitored.

[0285] The material properties can also be monitored in the following manner. It is conceivable that the material properties of the venous catheter change in the case of a longer period of time or a material defect, such as a rupture or tear, in the venous catheter. Thus, for example, the electrical conductivity can change. If an electric current is now applied via the electrically conductive venous catheter, it can be determined whether the venous catheter has damage. It is also conceivable that the venous catheter changes properties that make it appear less, more, or differently in an ultrasound image or an X-ray image.

[0286] Thus, in particular, regular material checks can be carried out when the intravenous catheter or intravenous indwelling cannula is placed in the patient for a longer period of time. Thus, the duration of placement can also be checked. It may also be particularly important that the intravenous catheter has properties that make it appear less, more or differently in an X-ray or ultrasound examination in the event of a bacterial infection. Thus, for example, it can be determined whether the intravenous catheter is considered to be a lesion for sepsis. Thus, unnecessary catheter changes can potentially be avoided.

[0287] It is also possible to advantageously use charged materials. It is therefore conceivable that, due to the special material properties of the outer side of the intravenous catheter, the intravenous catheter is charged, for example negatively charged, and thus automatically repels or moves away from the previously negatively charged inner wall of the vein (intima). Potential damage to the vein wall can now be avoided by reduced mechanical stimulation.

[0288] The aforementioned materials can also be used for all sections, parts and / or components of an indwelling venous cannula that are designed to be placed outside the patient. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0289] The present invention will be described in detail below based on an embodiment using the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings show:

[0290] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an indwelling intravenous cannula is shown in side view. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0291] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an indwelling venous cannula 1 is shown in a side view. The indwelling venous cannula 1 has a venous catheter 2, wherein a puncture needle 3 can be guided in the venous catheter 2 in a longitudinally displaceable manner.

[0292] The intravenous indwelling cannula 1 is configured as a peripheral intravenous indwelling cannula 1. It becomes clear that the intravenous catheter 2 is formed of a puncture-proof material like a tightly wound spiral spring, so that a wavy surface is generated. Here, the intravenous catheter 2 is composed of a puncture-proof material over its entire length. The flexibility of the intravenous catheter 2 is ensured by the spiral structure. This configuration of the intravenous catheter 2 provides puncture and cutting protection, which protects the intravenous catheter 2 from being punctured by the tip 6 of the puncture needle 3 close to the patient when the intravenous indwelling cannula 1 is applied. Therefore, the risk of damaged intravenous catheter 2 is minimized. Even if the puncture needle 3 is repeatedly displaced relative to the intravenous catheter 2, the intravenous catheter can no longer be cut off by the tip 6 of the puncture needle 3 close to the patient. Thus, the waste caused by damaged intravenous catheters can be significantly reduced. In addition, under the precautionary measures of permanent sterility at the biological department, it is feasible to repeatedly apply the intravenous indwelling cannula 1 within the scope of the puncture process. This is particularly important if an incorrect puncture is initially performed, that is, the blood vessel is accidentally missed during the first puncture or the intravenous catheter 2 cannot be sufficiently advanced into the blood vessel at first.

[0293] For improved extraction, the intravenous catheter 2 is provided with a sealing coating 4. The corrugated surface can produce the smallest openings that make extraction difficult, because, for example, air can be undesirably extracted through the openings. The sealing coating 4 can minimize or prevent undesirable extraction of air. The sealing coating 4 is advantageously a PTFE coating, which at the same time simplifies the introduction of the intravenous catheter 2 into the punctured body part. By means of an additional expansion element 10 at the end of the intravenous catheter 2 close to the patient, a uniform widening is achieved when the intravenous catheter 2 is pushed into the punctured body part.

[0294] The application of the intravenous cannula 1 to a living body can be performed, for example, in the following steps:

[0295] 1. Puncture the vein with the aid of the puncture needle 3,

[0296] 2. The spiral intravenous catheter 2 with a sealing coating 4 is pushed into the vein through the tip 6 of the puncture needle 3 close to the patient to the desired position of the lock,

[0297] 3. Remove / push back the puncture needle 3,

[0298] 4. The spiral venous catheter 2 is closed at the end facing away from the patient.

[0299] The venous cannula 1 has two retaining elements 5. The retaining elements 5 allow the user to operate the venous cannula 1 with one hand, wherein the second hand can be used, for example, to stabilize the body part to be punctured. The puncture needle 3 is designed as a hollow needle. After puncture with the tip 6 of the puncture needle 3 close to the patient, the user can directly recognize whether the vein has been punctured correctly, in that the hollow puncture needle 3 is filled with venous blood and enters the chamber 7, whereby the user can directly feel the blood.

[0300] After the puncture has been performed, the intravenous catheter 2 can be pushed into the punctured body part and the puncture needle 3 together with the chamber 7 can be immediately pulled out of the part of the intravenous cannula 1 that remains in the body part. The safety device can be designed to shield the tip 6 of the puncture needle 3 that is close to the patient after it has been pulled out of the intravenous cannula 1, thereby protecting the user and the living being from possible puncture injuries.

[0301] The intravenous catheter 2 can be fixedly held in its final position in the punctured body part via a fastening element 8 at the living being. The fastening can be performed by a self-adhesive wound dressing, which fastens the intravenous cannula 1 to the living being via the fastening element 8. The described fastening element 8, which can be designed as a wing, for example, is an optional element of the intravenous cannula 1.

[0302] In this case, the puncture needle can extend substantially in the center between the retaining element 5 and / or the fastening element 8 .

[0303] It becomes clear that the functions of the retaining element 5 and the fastening element 8 can be combined in one element. This enables simple production of the indwelling venous cannula 1, wherein the construction of the indwelling venous cannula 1 simultaneously remains simple for the user.

[0304] An extraction element, such as a syringe, can be connected via the connecting element 9. The connecting element 9 can be designed as a valve, which enables simple administration or extraction of blood. In this case, in the non-contact state, the valve prevents a liquid, such as blood, from flowing out of the connecting element 9 in a retrograde manner. In the non-contact state, the valve also prevents air from penetrating from the outside into the connecting element 9. In addition, the connecting element 9 can contain a filter, which prevents coarse particles, germs and air from penetrating into the interior of the connecting element 9 and thus into the interior of the intravenous cannula.

[0305] An extraction element, such as a syringe, can be connected to the chamber 7. Thus, the intravenous cannula can be introduced into the vein by means of a syringe under continuous extraction. Therefore, the success of the puncture can be determined directly and very accurately. The chamber 7 can also be configured as another valve in this case, which allows the fluid to flow in only one limited direction. In addition, the chamber 7 can also be configured alternatively or additionally in such a way that the chamber prevents the intrusion of air or allows air and other gases and steam to pass only in one limited direction. For example, the chamber 7 can be configured in the same way as the connecting element 9.

[0306] The chamber 7 and the connecting element 9 can be covered by a protective cap so that no undesired contamination occurs when the chamber 7 and the connecting element 9 are not in use. The protective cap can be connected to the chamber 7 and / or the connecting element 9 via webs, respectively.

[0307] It is also conceivable that when the protective cap is pressed downwards, it can be connected to the connecting element 9 or the chamber 7 via a web, and the fluid flow in the venous cannula is interrupted or slowed down.

[0308] The intravenous catheter 2 has recesses 11 distributed on the circumference at the end near the patient. Through the recesses 11, for example, a uniform output of drugs into the organism can be achieved. Therefore, the output of the drug into the organism with undesirable local high concentrations is avoided. In addition, by providing a plurality of recesses 11, the flow rate of the infusion solution and the drug applied can be improved. In addition, it is possible to simplify the extraction of liquids, such as blood draws, from the organism via the shelved intravenous catheter or via the shelved intravenous indwelling cannula. Thus, if the intravenous indwelling cannula is used for draining fluids, steam and / or gases, for example, in the process of puncturing the pleural cavity, other cavities or the described in vivo space, it is also possible to make the desired retrograde spontaneous outflow of fluids, steam and / or gases from the intravenous indwelling cannula feasible under the corresponding configuration of other components of the intravenous indwelling cannula.

[0309] The present illustrations are merely schematic diagrams which give a good overview of the components of the indwelling intravenous cannula according to the invention. However, the lengths and size relationships may differ in reality.

[0310] Figure 1 is understood as a possible embodiment. Other forms of the teaching according to the invention are also conceivable. In addition, the embodiments are not inseparably linked to one another, so that, for example, the embodiment of the invention is not related to the embodiment described specifically. Thus, for example, variability in the number, length or size of the individual elements is conceivable at any time.

[0311] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the following additional notes are also disclosed:

[0312] Note 1. A venous indwelling cannula (1) applied to a living being, the venous indwelling cannula having a venous catheter (2), wherein a puncture needle (3) can be guided longitudinally movably in the venous catheter (2), characterized in that the puncture needle (3) is configured as a hollow needle over a portion of its length, wherein another portion of the length of the puncture needle (3) is at least partially configured as a solid needle.

[0313] Note 2. The intravenous indwelling cannula (1) according to Note 1 is characterized in that the intravenous catheter (2) is made of a puncture-proof material or is coated with such a puncture-proof material.

[0314] Note 3. The intravenous indwelling cannula (1) according to Note 1 is characterized in that the intravenous catheter (2) is made of a self-sealing material or material layer.

[0315] Note 4. The intravenous indwelling cannula (1) according to any of the above notes is characterized in that the intravenous indwelling cannula (1) has at least one retaining element (5) to simplify the administration at the biological site, wherein the retaining element (5) has a complementary shape or negative contour of a human thumb or a human fingertip.

[0316] Note 5. The venous indwelling cannula (1) according to any one of the above notes is characterized in that the venous indwelling cannula (1) has a fastening element (8), wherein the fastening element (8) is configured to fix the venous indwelling cannula (1) on the organism, wherein the fastening element (8) has an adhesive or adhesive surface or an adhesive or adhesive coating for fixing the venous indwelling cannula (1) on the organism.

[0317] Note 6. The intravenous indwelling cannula (1) according to any one of the above notes is characterized in that the intravenous catheter (2) and / or the puncture needle (3) has a corrugated surface.

[0318] Note 7. The intravenous indwelling cannula (1) according to Note 6 is characterized in that the intravenous catheter (2) and / or the puncture needle (3) has a spiral structure and / or is provided with a spiral structure, wherein the spiral structure has coils, wherein the density of the coils changes over the length of the intravenous catheter (2) and / or the puncture needle (3).

[0319] Note 8. The intravenous indwelling cannula (1) according to any one of the above notes is characterized in that the intravenous catheter (2) has an expansion body (10) at the end close to the patient for uniformly widening the punctured body part.

[0320] Note 9. The intravenous indwelling cannula (1) according to Note 8 is characterized in that the diameter of the expansion body (13) increases along the expansion body (13) from the end close to the patient.

[0321] Note 10. The intravenous indwelling cannula (1) according to Note 9 is characterized in that the diameter of the expansion body (13) increases in stages.

[0322] Note 11. The intravenous indwelling cannula (1) according to any one of the above notes is characterized in that the intravenous catheter (2) has a connecting element (9) for connecting an extraction element, wherein the intravenous catheter (2) has a structure, wherein the structure is set up to lock with the extraction element.

[0323] Note 12. The intravenous indwelling cannula according to any one of the above notes is characterized in that the end of the puncture needle (3) close to the vein or the end of the puncture needle (3) far from the vein is hollow.

[0324] Note 13. The intravenous indwelling cannula according to Note 12 is characterized in that the hollow end of the puncture needle (3) away from the vein is connected to at least one recess, wherein the recess is arranged laterally on the puncture needle (3).

[0325] Note 14. The intravenous indwelling cannula according to any one of the above notes is characterized in that the puncture needle (3) and the intravenous catheter (2) are curved and / or angled and / or spirally constructed.

[0326] Note 15. The intravenous indwelling cannula (1) according to any one of the above notes is characterized in that the intravenous catheter (2) is constructed layer by layer, wherein each layer is detachably arranged in the inner cavity of the intravenous catheter (2).

[0327] Note 16. The intravenous indwelling cannula (1) according to any one of the above notes is characterized in that the intravenous catheter at least partially includes aramid and / or aramid fiber.

[0328] Note 17. The intravenous indwelling cannula (1) according to any one of the above notes is characterized in that the intravenous catheter (2) and / or the puncture needle (3) at least partially includes a resorbable material or is at least partially coated with a resorbable material.

[0329] Note 18. The intravenous indwelling cannula (1) according to Note 17 is characterized in that the tip of the puncture needle (3) is at least partially made of a resorbable material and / or coated with a resorbable material.

[0330] Note 19. The intravenous indwelling cannula (1) according to any one of the above notes is characterized in that the intravenous catheter (2) is designed to be expandable in diameter.

[0331] Note 20. The intravenous indwelling cannula (1) according to any one of the above notes is characterized in that a clamping element is provided at the intravenous catheter (2), wherein the clamping element is configured to interrupt the flow of fluid passing through the intravenous catheter.

[0332] Note 21. The venous indwelling cannula (1) according to any one of the above notes is characterized in that the venous indwelling cannula (1) has a sensor at the end close to the vein.

[0333] Note 22. The intravenous indwelling cannula (1) according to any one of the above notes is characterized in that the spiral structure of the intravenous catheter (2) and / or the puncture needle (3) is detachably connected to the intravenous catheter (2).

[0334] Note 23. The intravenous indwelling cannula (1) according to any one of the above notes is characterized in that the intravenous catheter (2) is constructed to have multiple tube lumens.

[0335] Note 24. The intravenous indwelling cannula (1) according to Note 23 is characterized in that at least one of the tube lumens is established for flushing the intravenous catheter (2) of the organism.

[0336] Note 25. The intravenous indwelling cannula (1) according to any one of the above notes is characterized in that the puncture needle (3) and / or the intravenous catheter (2) are rotatably supported around their own longitudinal axis.

[0337] Reference numerals list

[0338] 1 Indwelling intravenous cannula

[0339] 2. Venous catheter

[0340] 3. Puncture needle

[0341] 4 Sealing coating

[0342] 5. Retaining elements

[0343] 6 Tip

[0344] 7 Chamber

[0345] 8 Fastening elements

[0346] 9 Connecting elements

[0347] 10. Expansion

[0348] 11 recess

Claims

1. A venous cannula (1) for use in a living being, the cannula comprising a venous catheter (2), wherein a puncture needle (3) can be guided longitudinally displaceably in the venous catheter (2), wherein the puncture needle (3) is designed as a hollow needle at least over a portion of its length, characterized in that: The intravenous catheter (2) can be constructed layer by layer with one or more removable layers, wherein the individual layers are detachably arranged in the tube lumen of the intravenous catheter (2) and when the layers are removed, the inner diameter and / or the tube lumen of the intravenous catheter increases.

2. A venous cannula (1) for use in a living being, the cannula comprising a venous catheter (2), wherein a puncture needle (3) can be guided longitudinally displaceably in the venous catheter (2), wherein the puncture needle (3) is designed as a hollow needle at least over a portion of its length, characterized in that: The intravenous catheter (2) has an expansion body (10) at the end close to the patient for widening the punctured body part, wherein the expansion body (10) has a caliber jump, and at the caliber jump the diameter of the expansion body (10) increases step by step along the expansion body (10) from the end close to the patient.

3. The intravenous indwelling cannula (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that: The expansion body (10) has a display element at each aperture jump, the display element being located at the location of the aperture jump and indicating the location of the aperture jump.

4. A venous cannula (1) for use in a living being, the cannula comprising a venous catheter (2), wherein a puncture needle (3) can be guided longitudinally displaceably in the venous catheter (2), wherein the puncture needle (3) is designed as a hollow needle at least over a portion of its length, characterized in that: The intravenous indwelling cannula (1) has a sensor at the end close to the vein.

5. The intravenous indwelling cannula (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The intravenous catheter (2) is made of a puncture-proof material or is coated with such a puncture-proof material.

6. The intravenous indwelling cannula (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that: The intravenous catheter (2) is made of a self-sealing material or a material layer.

7. The intravenous indwelling cannula (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The indwelling intravenous cannula (1) has at least one retaining element (5) to simplify administration at the living being, wherein the retaining element (5) has a complementary shape or a negative contour of a human thumb or a human fingertip.

8. The intravenous indwelling cannula (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The venous cannula (1) has a fastening element (8), wherein the fastening element (8) is designed to fasten the venous cannula (1) to the living being, wherein the fastening element (8) has an adhesive or cohesive surface or an adhesive or cohesive coating for fastening the venous cannula (1) to the living being.

9. The intravenous indwelling cannula (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The intravenous catheter (2) and / or the puncture needle (3) has a corrugated surface.

10. The intravenous indwelling cannula (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that: The intravenous catheter (2) and / or the puncture needle (3) has a spiral structure and / or is provided with a spiral structure, wherein the spiral structure has turns, wherein the density of the turns changes over the length of the intravenous catheter (2) and / or the puncture needle (3).

11. The intravenous cannula (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The intravenous catheter (2) has a connecting element (9) for connecting to an extraction element, wherein the intravenous catheter (2) has a structure, wherein the structure is designed to lock with the extraction element.

12. The intravenous cannula according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that: The puncture needle (3) and the venous catheter (2) are designed to be curved and / or angled and / or spiral.

13. The intravenous cannula (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The intravenous catheter (2) at least partially comprises aramid and / or aramid fibers.

14. The intravenous cannula (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The intravenous catheter (2) and / or the puncture needle (3) at least partially comprises a resorbable material or is at least partially coated with a resorbable material.

15. The intravenous indwelling cannula (1) according to claim 14, characterized in that: The tip of the puncture needle (3) is at least partially made of a resorbable material and / or is coated with a resorbable material.

16. The intravenous indwelling cannula (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The venous catheter (2) is designed to be expandable in terms of diameter.

17. The intravenous cannula (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that A clamping element is arranged on the intravenous line (2), wherein the clamping element is designed to interrupt a fluid flow through the intravenous line.

18. The intravenous cannula (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The spiral structure of the intravenous catheter (2) and / or the puncture needle (3) is detachably connected to the intravenous catheter (2).

19. The intravenous cannula (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The intravenous catheter (2) is configured to have a plurality of tube lumens.

20. The intravenous indwelling cannula (1) according to claim 19, characterized in that: At least one of the tube lumens is configured to flush the venous catheter (2) of the living being.

21. The intravenous cannula (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The puncture needle (3) and / or the intravenous catheter (2) are mounted so as to be rotatable about their own longitudinal axis.

Images