Large-scale parallel mining and filling continuous mining method for deep metal mine

Abstract

The invention discloses a large-scale parallel mining and filling continuous mining method for a deep metal mine. The method comprises the following steps: S1, detecting detailed data of a mine to be mined, dividing a stope according to the data, and establishing a mining preparation cutting project in the stope; s2, the ore body of one stope is divided into a plurality of subsections in the height direction, and rock drilling operation is conducted on each subsection; s3, ore breaking is carried out through the blasting technology, a cutting groove is formed through bottom cutting and undercutting, then full-hole stage blasting is carried out, and ore is caved to a bottom structure for concentrated ore removal; s4, after the ore removal amount reaches a certain degree, paste filling is started to be conducted on the upper portion, and when filling is conducted on the upper portion, ore breaking is conducted on the lower portion at the same time; s5, the steps S2, S3 and S4 are repeated on other stopes to complete mining of the whole mine; by combining efficient technologies such as multi-section rock drilling and downward parallel large-diameter deep hole blasting ore breaking and a parallel operation mode of mining, ore removal and filling, top filling is carried out while bottom ore removal is carried out, so that the time interval and waiting time between operations are greatly reduced, comprehensive continuity of mining operation is realized, and the working efficiency is improved. And especially for mining of an ultra-large stope, the mining efficiency is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of underground mining of metal mines, and in particular to a large-scale parallel mining and continuous mining method for deep metal mines. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development and utilization of global metal mineral resources, the mining of deep metal mines has become an important direction for the development of the mining industry. However, with the increase in mining depth, mining conditions become more and more complex, especially for steeply inclined medium-thick and large ore bodies, the difficulty of mining increases significantly. When facing such ore bodies, traditional mining methods often have problems such as low mining efficiency, poor working environment, many safety hazards, low resource recovery rate and large environmental impact. The time taken for mining and filling steps is getting longer and longer, affecting mining efficiency. For example, although the segmented open-pit method has improved the recovery rate to a certain extent, it has high requirements on the geological conditions of the ore body and it is difficult to ensure safety during the operation. The collapse method is prone to cause surface collapse, causing irreversible damage to the ecological environment. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to reduce the time required for filling and complete mining more efficiently, the present application provides a large-scale parallel mining and filling continuous mining method for deep metal mines.

[0004] The present application provides a large-scale parallel mining method for deep metal mines, which adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] A large-scale parallel mining method for deep metal mines, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Detect the detailed data of the mine to be mined, divide the mining area according to the data, and establish the mining and cutting engineering in the mining area;

[0007] S2, dividing the ore body in the stope into a plurality of sections in the height direction, and performing rock drilling operations in each section;

[0008] S3, using blasting technology to drop the ore, forming a cutting groove by bottom cutting and pulling, and then performing full-hole stage blasting to make the ore collapse to the bottom structure for centralized ore removal;

[0009] S4. When the ore output reaches a certain level, the upper part starts to be filled with paste. When the upper part is being filled, the lower part is being mined at the same time;

[0010] S5. Repeat steps S2, S3 and S4 in other mining areas to complete the mining of the entire mine.

[0011] Optionally, the mining and cutting project includes rock drilling chambers, segmented transport tunnels, vein-penetrating tunnels, mining chutes, out-vein mining tunnels, out-vein stage transport tunnels, cutting shafts, stage chutes and cutting cross tunnels.

[0012] Optionally, in step S2, the interior of the mine room and the ore pillar is divided into several sections in the height direction, and the section height is about 40 to 50 m, and a multi-segment rock drilling method is adopted.

[0013] Optionally, in step S3, downward parallel large-diameter deep hole blasting is used to drop the ore, the bottom is cut and pulled, a cutting shaft is opened near the end of the upper plate, and after the cutting groove is formed, full-hole stage blasting is carried out, and the collapsed ore is concentrated at the bottom structure, and the ore pillars are mined as the second step.

[0014] Optionally, in step S4, the initial ore output is controlled at 30% to 40% of the ore output, and then the collapsed ore is discharged to the belt conveyor through a vibrating ore discharger, and then transported to the stage chute to complete the ore discharge, while the remaining unblasted segments are charged.

[0015] Optionally, when the mining area is filled in step S4, after the collapsed ore exposes a certain space, a flexible isolation layer is laid between the filling material and the ore, and then the paste filling is started on the upper part. The filling material adopts a multi-point feeding method and maintains a certain fluidity and strength.

[0016] Optionally, the mining area is filled in stages, with different filling strengths and proportions at different heights. High-strength slow-setting paste filling material is used at the bottom, and high-strength quick-setting paste filling material is used at the top. The filling operation is synchronized with the ore discharge from the bottom, and after the ore is discharged, all the paste filling materials are solidified simultaneously.

[0017] Optionally, the flexible isolation layer is made of an air cushion, a multi-layer flexible steel wire mesh or rubber.

[0018] Optionally, a sensor is built into the flexible isolation layer to monitor the balance of ore discharge in real time and to feed back the position data of ore discharge and filling, so as to adjust the speed and position of the bottom vibrating ore discharger 17 in time to keep the isolation layer horizontal.

[0019] In summary, this application includes the following beneficial technical effects:

[0020] 1. Significantly improve mining efficiency: Combining high-efficiency technologies such as multi-segment rock drilling, downward parallel large-diameter deep hole blasting, and parallel operation modes of mining, ore extraction and filling, the top is filled while ore is extracted from the bottom, which greatly reduces the time interval and waiting time between operations and realizes the full continuity of mining operations. Especially for the mining of super-large mining sites, the mining efficiency is significantly improved.

[0021] 2. Enhanced operation safety: The use of advanced blasting technology and multi-point paste filling methods, combined with the design of flexible isolation layers, effectively controls the exposed area of ​​the mining area and reduces the risk of roof collapse and surrounding rock instability. At the same time, through refined mining and cutting engineering and reasonable blasting design, the safety of the working environment is further improved.

[0022] 3. Improve resource recovery rate: By optimizing the mining and cutting engineering and blasting design, the loss and depletion of ore are reduced, and the resource recovery rate is improved. In addition, the flexible isolation layer design used in the filling process effectively prevents the contamination of the filling material to the ore, ensures the ore quality, and further improves the resource utilization rate.

[0023] 4. Reduce production costs: By achieving full continuity of mining operations, the idle time of equipment and personnel is reduced, and production costs are reduced. At the same time, the reasonable proportion of filling materials and the staged filling strategy also reduce the filling cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a longitudinal section schematic diagram of the large-scale parallel mining and continuous mining method for deep metal mines of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the Ⅰ–Ⅰ cross-section in FIG.

[0026] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Ⅱ-Ⅱ cross-sectional diagram in the figure;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the flexible isolation layer intelligent sensing pre-control mining system of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the pre-buried filling quality monitoring and evaluation system of the present invention.

[0029] Description of reference numerals:

[0030] 1. Rock drilling chamber; 2. Segmented transport tunnel; 3. Large diameter deep hole; 4. Unmined ore; 5. Collapsed ore; 6. Vein-penetrating tunnel; 7. Stope chute; 8. Flexible isolation layer; 9. High-strength slow-setting paste filling material; 10. Medium-strength paste filling material; 11. High-strength quick-setting paste filling material; 12. Segmented vein-penetrating tunnel; 13. Stage chute; 14. Out-vein mining tunnel; 15. Out-vein stage transport tunnel; 16. Belt conveyor; 17. Vibrating ore-dumping machine; 18. Filling pipe; 19. Cutting shaft; 20. Cutting cross tunnel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following is combined with Figure 1-5 This application is described in further detail.

[0032] The present application discloses a method for large-scale parallel mining and continuous mining of deep metal mines, which comprises the following steps:

[0033] S1. Detect detailed data of the mine to be mined, divide the mining area according to the data, and establish a mining and cutting project in the mining area. The mining and cutting project includes a rock drilling chamber 1, a segmented transportation tunnel 2, a vein-penetrating mining tunnel 6, a mining area chute 7, a vein-out mining tunnel 14, a vein-out stage transportation tunnel 15, a stage chute 13, a cutting skylight 19, and a cutting cross tunnel 20;

[0034] Rock drilling chamber 1: used to arrange rock drilling equipment;

[0035] Stage chute 13: used for ore removal;

[0036] Section transport lane 2: connects the sections and is used to transport equipment and materials;

[0037] Cross-vein receiving tunnel 6: receiving the collapsed ore;

[0038] Stope chute 7: transports ore from the receiving tunnel to the next stage;

[0039] Out-of-vein mining tunnel 14: located 15-20m below the ore body, used for the initial transportation of ore;

[0040] Out-of-vein stage transport lane 15: located 40-50m below the ore body footwall, connecting the middle sections;

[0041] Cutting shaft 19 and cutting cross tunnel 20: used to form cutting grooves to ensure blasting effect.

[0042] S2, the ore body in the stope is divided into multiple sections in height direction, with the section height being about 40 to 50 m, and each section is drilled by a multi-section rock drilling method;

[0043] S3, using downward parallel large diameter deep hole 3 to blast the ore, cutting and pulling the bottom, opening a cutting shaft 19 near the end of the upper plate, forming a cutting groove and then performing full hole stage blasting, the caving ore 5 is concentrated in the bottom structure, and the ore pillar is mined as the second step;

[0044] S4, while mining, ore discharging and filling operations are carried out. When discharging ore from the stope, in order to provide sufficient compensation space, the initial ore discharging amount is controlled at 30% to 40% of the ore falling amount. The caving ore 5 is controlled by the vibrating ore discharging machine 17 to be placed on the belt conveyor 16, and then transported to the stage chute 13. At the same time, the remaining unblasted and recovered sections are charged;

[0045] When filling the mining area, after the collapsed ore 5 exposes a certain space, a flexible isolation layer 8 is laid between the filling material and the ore; the material of the flexible isolation layer 8 is air cushion, multi-layer flexible steel wire mesh or rubber, and a sensor is built into the flexible isolation layer 8 to monitor the balance of ore discharge in real time and feedback the position data of ore discharge and filling, and timely adjust the speed and position of the bottom vibrating ore discharger 17 to keep the flexible isolation layer 8 horizontal, so as to achieve the uniform descent of ore discharge at the bottom of the mining area and the filling at the top, and then the paste filling starts at the top;

[0046] The filling material is discharged at multiple points and maintains a certain fluidity and strength. The exposed area of ​​both sides of the stope is controlled by adjusting the filling rate and the ore discharge rate, so that the upper filling and the lower ore discharge can be carried out simultaneously.

[0047] The filling of the stope is carried out in stages. The filling strength and proportion of the filling bodies at different heights are different. The bottom is filled with high-strength slow-setting paste filling material 9, the top is filled with high-strength quick-setting paste filling material 11, and the middle is filled with medium-strength paste filling material 10 (the appropriate strength can be calculated according to the stope data). The filling operation follows the ore discharge from the bottom. After the ore discharge is completed, all the paste filling materials are completely solidified synchronously.

[0048] At the same time, in order to realize the monitoring of the quality of the filling body, a filling quality monitoring component is pre-buried in the mining site; the interior of the component is a hydraulic and electronic integrated device, the electronic integrated device is used to control the hydraulic device, and the signal is transmitted to the surface through a relay device, so as to realize the control of the quality monitoring component on the surface; it should be noted that the above equipment can be purchased on the market, and the method of detecting the quality of the filling body through the quality monitoring component is more convenient and faster than the existing coring detection. After the maintenance of the filling body is completed, the above equipment can sense the changes in the end force through the sensor device, collect relevant data and transmit it to the surface.

[0049] S5. Repeat steps S2, S3 and S4 in other mining areas to complete the mining of the entire mine.

[0050] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Therefore, any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A large-scale parallel mining method for deep metal mines, characterized in that The steps include: S1. Detect the detailed data of the mine to be mined, divide the mining area according to the data, and establish the mining and cutting engineering in the mining area; S2, dividing the ore body of one of the stopes into multiple sections in the height direction, and performing rock drilling operations in each section; S3, using blasting technology to drop the ore, forming a cutting groove by bottom cutting and pulling, and then performing full-hole stage blasting to make the ore collapse to the bottom structure for centralized ore removal; S4. When the ore output reaches a certain level, the upper part starts to be filled with paste. When the upper part is being filled, the lower part is being mined at the same time; S5. Repeat steps S2, S3 and S4 in other mining areas to complete the mining of the entire mine.

2. A large-scale parallel mining method for deep metal mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mining and cutting project includes rock drilling chambers, segmented transport tunnels, vein-penetrating tunnels, mining chutes, out-vein mining tunnels, out-vein stage transport tunnels, cutting shafts, stage chutes and cutting cross tunnels.

3. A large-scale parallel mining method for deep metal mines according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S2, the interior of the mine room and the pillar is divided into several sections in the height direction, and the section height is about 40 to 50 m, and a multi-segment rock drilling method is adopted.

4. The method for large-scale parallel and continuous mining of deep metal mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the ore is dropped by downward parallel large-diameter deep hole blasting, the bottom is cut and pulled, and a cutting shaft is opened near the end of the upper plate. After the cutting groove is formed, full-hole stage blasting is carried out, and the collapsed ore is concentrated in the bottom structure. The ore pillars are mined as the second step.

5. The method for large-scale parallel mining of deep metal mines according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S4, the initial ore discharge is controlled at 30% to 40% of the ore falling amount, and then the collapsed ore is discharged to the belt conveyor through the vibrating ore discharger, and then transported to the stage chute to complete the ore discharge, while the remaining unblasted sections are charged.

6. A large-scale parallel mining method for deep metal mines according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the mining area is filled in step S4, after the collapsed ore exposes a certain space, a flexible isolation layer is laid between the filling material and the ore, and then the paste filling begins on the upper part. The filling material adopts a multi-point feeding method and maintains a certain fluidity and strength.

7. A large-scale parallel mining method for deep metal mines according to claim 6, characterized in that: The filling of the mining area is carried out in stages. The strength and proportion of the filling bodies at different heights are different. High-strength slow-setting paste filling materials are used at the bottom, and high-strength quick-setting paste filling materials are used at the top. The filling operation is synchronized with the ore discharge from the bottom. After the ore discharge is completed, all the paste filling materials are solidified simultaneously.

8. The method for large-scale parallel and continuous mining of deep metal mines according to claim 6, characterized in that: The material of the flexible isolation layer is air cushion, multi-layer flexible steel wire mesh or rubber.

9. A large-scale parallel mining method for deep metal mines according to claim 8, characterized in that: The flexible isolation layer is provided with a built-in sensor for real-time monitoring of the balance of ore placement and feedback of the position data of ore placement and filling, so as to keep the flexible isolation layer in a horizontal posture.

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