Embedded parallel solid fuel-liquid oxidant mixed engine

Abstract

A built-in parallel type solid fuel-liquid oxidizing agent mixing engine comprises an oxidizing agent conveying-jetting integrated device, a front sealing head, a solid fuel with a shell, a spraying pipe and an ignition device. One surface of the front sealing head is connected with the oxidant conveying-jetting integrated device through screws, and the other surface of the front sealing head is connected with the solid fuel with the shell; one surface of the front sealing head is connected with the oxidant conveying-jetting integrated device through screws, and the other surface of the front sealing head is connected with the solid fuel with the shell; the front sealing head is provided with a first sealing groove; the first sealing groove is provided with a first sealing ring; the combustion chamber shell is provided with a second sealing groove; and the second sealing groove is provided with a second sealing ring. The system structure is simplified, and the weight of the engine is reduced; and meanwhile, powerful conditions are provided for efficient and uniform combustion of fuel-rich gas and an oxidizing agent, and therefore the energy release efficiency of the engine is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of aerospace propulsion, and in particular relates to an embedded parallel solid fuel-liquid oxidant hybrid engine. Background Art

[0002] A typical solid-liquid hybrid rocket engine is a power system that uses solid fuel and liquid oxidizer as propellants. It has the advantages of good safety, easy thrust adjustment, easy shutdown and restart, high propellant energy, good environmental protection, good grain stability, low temperature sensitivity, and good economy. It has good application prospects in the power devices of sounding rockets, small launch vehicles, targets and missiles, suborbital vehicles and manned spacecraft, boosters and upper stages, and attitude and orbit control systems.

[0003] Existing solid-liquid hybrid engines usually use liquid oxidizers to be injected from the engine head, which enter the combustion chamber after catalytic decomposition in the catalytic bed and burn violently with the solid powder column, generating high-temperature combustion gas that is discharged from the nozzle to generate thrust. Based on this structural arrangement and working mode, the oxidizer is highly concentrated in the combustion chamber head and gradually decreases toward the nozzle, resulting in low combustion efficiency, poor uniformity, and unstable combustion. At the same time, the uneven combustion causes uneven heating in the combustion chamber, which increases the difficulty of thermal protection and further restricts the widespread application of solid-liquid hybrid rocket engines. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems of complex system structure, low combustion efficiency, poor uniformity and unstable combustion in existing solid-liquid hybrid engines, the present invention provides an embedded parallel solid fuel-liquid oxidant hybrid engine. The specific technology is as follows:

[0005] An embedded parallel solid fuel-liquid oxidant hybrid engine comprises an oxidant delivery-injection integrated device, a front head, a solid fuel with a shell, a nozzle and an ignition device;

[0006] One side of the front head is connected to the oxidant delivery-injection integrated device with screws, and the other side is connected to the solid fuel with shell;

[0007] One side of the front head is connected to the oxidant delivery-injection integrated device with screws, and the other side is connected to the solid fuel with a shell; the front head is provided with a first sealing groove; the first sealing groove is provided with a first sealing ring; the combustion chamber shell is provided with a second sealing groove; the second sealing groove is provided with a second sealing ring; the front head improves the sealing performance between the oxidant delivery-injection integrated device through the first sealing ring, and improves the sealing performance between the front head and the solid fuel with a shell through the second sealing ring.

[0008] The oxidant delivery-injection integrated device comprises an oxidant delivery pipeline and an oxidant injection port.

[0009] The oxidant conveying-injection integrated device is buried inside the solid fuel and forms a parallel structure with the combustion chamber shell.

[0010] The oxidant conveying-injection integrated device is bonded to the solid fuel via a lining.

[0011] The outer surface of the integrated oxidant delivery-injection device has the oxidant delivery-injection integrated device body insulation material.

[0012] The oxidant injection ports are distributed along the axial direction, and each axial oxidant injection port is evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, so as to realize graded injection of the oxidant.

[0013] The solid fuel with shell includes a combustion chamber shell, solid fuel and a shell insulation layer.

[0014] The solid fuel burns in a self-sustaining manner in an end-burning form, and the fuel-rich combustion gas generated by the combustion is efficiently mixed with the oxidant injected in stages from the oxidant injection port and then secondary burned.

[0015] The solid fuel is a high-pressure exponential propellant capable of self-sustaining combustion, and the pressure exponent is between 0.6 and 0.75.

[0016] The ignition device is arranged on the end surface of the solid fuel; the ignition device is a conventional ignition device or a flexible ignition layer.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0018] (1) The integrated oxidant delivery and injection device can place the transport and injection module of the oxidant supply system inside the combustion chamber and form a parallel structure with the combustion chamber, so that the primary combustion of solid fuel and the secondary combustion of fuel gas-oxidant can be completed in a single combustion chamber, greatly reducing the size and weight of the engine structure;

[0019] (2) Based on the parallel structure of the integrated oxidant delivery-injection device and the combustion chamber, the oxidant absorbs heat and vaporizes in the built-in pipeline, and is sprayed and atomized in the center of the combustion chamber, which can effectively improve the atomization and mixing effects, and provide powerful conditions for the efficient and uniform combustion of the fuel-rich gas and the oxidant, thereby improving the energy release efficiency of the engine;

[0020] (3) The solid fuel is a high-pressure exponential fuel-rich propellant that can self-sustain combustion. The combustion rate can be adjusted over a wide range as the combustion chamber pressure changes. The fuel burning rate can be adjusted by changing the oxidizer flow rate, thereby achieving engine thrust regulation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional view of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is the main appearance diagram of the oxidant delivery-injection integrated device of the present invention.

[0024] In the figure: 1 is the oxidant injection port; 2 is the oxidant delivery pipeline; 3 is the main insulation material of the oxidant delivery-injection integrated device; 4 is the combustion chamber shell; 5 is the shell insulation layer; 6 is the solid fuel; 7 is the sealing ring; 8 is the sealing ring; 101 is the oxidant delivery-injection integrated device; 102 is the front head; 103 is the solid fuel with shell; 104 is the nozzle; 105 is the ignition device.

[0025] Specific implementation methods

[0026] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention through specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0027] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic illustrations of the basic concept of the present invention, and thus the drawings only show components related to the present invention rather than being drawn according to the number, shape and size of components in actual implementation. In actual implementation, the type, quantity and proportion of each component may be changed arbitrarily, and the component layout may also be more complicated.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, an embedded parallel solid fuel-liquid oxidant hybrid engine is characterized by comprising an oxidant delivery-injection integrated device (101), a front head (102), a solid fuel with a shell (103), a nozzle (104) and an ignition device (105);

[0029] One side of the front head (102) is connected to the oxidant conveying-injection integrated device (101) by screws, and the other side is connected to the solid fuel with shell (103);

[0030] One side of the front head (102) is screw-connected to the oxidant conveying-injection integrated device (101), and the other side is connected to the solid fuel with shell (103); the front head (102) is provided with a first sealing groove; the first sealing groove is provided with a first sealing ring (7); the combustion chamber shell (4) is provided with a second sealing groove; the second sealing groove is provided with a second sealing ring (8);

[0031] The front end cap (102) improves the sealing performance between the front end cap (102) and the integrated oxidant delivery-injection device (101) through the first sealing ring (7), and improves the sealing performance between the front end cap (102) and the solid fuel with shell (103) through the second sealing ring (8).

[0032] like Figure 2 As shown, the oxidant delivery-injection integrated device (101) comprises an oxidant delivery pipeline (2) and an oxidant injection port (1).

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, the oxidant delivery-injection integrated device (101) is embedded in the solid fuel (6) and forms a parallel structure with the combustion chamber shell (4).

[0034] The oxidant conveying and injection integrated device (101) is bonded to the solid fuel (6) via a lining layer.

[0035] The outer surface of the integrated oxidant delivery-injection device (101) is provided with an oxidant delivery-injection integrated device body heat insulation material (3).

[0036] like Figure 2 As shown, the oxidant injection ports (1) are distributed along the axial direction, and each axial oxidant injection port (1) is evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, so as to realize graded oxidant injection.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the solid fuel with shell (103) includes a combustion chamber shell (4), solid fuel (6) and a shell insulation layer (5).

[0038] The solid fuel (6) burns in a self-sustaining manner in an end-burning form, and the fuel-rich combustion gas generated by the combustion is efficiently mixed with the oxidant injected in stages from the oxidant injection port (1) and then secondary burned.

[0039] The solid fuel (6) is a high pressure index propellant capable of self-sustaining combustion, and the pressure index is between 0.6 and 0.75.

[0040] The ignition device (105) is arranged on the end surface of the solid fuel (6); the ignition device (105) may be a conventional ignition device or a flexible ignition layer.

[0041] The embodiments of the present invention described above are only used to help explain the present invention. These embodiments are selected and specifically described in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand and use the present invention well. The embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to the specific embodiments described. Obviously, many modifications and changes can be made according to the content of this specification, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An embedded parallel solid fuel-liquid oxidant hybrid engine, characterized in that: It comprises an integrated oxidant delivery and injection device (101), a front head (102), a solid fuel with a shell (103), a nozzle (104) and an ignition device (105); One side of the front head (102) is screwed to the integrated oxidant delivery-injection device (101), and the other side is connected to the solid fuel with shell (103); the front head (102) is provided with a first sealing groove; the first sealing groove is provided with a first sealing ring (7); the combustion chamber shell (4) is provided with a second sealing groove; the second sealing groove is provided with a second sealing ring (8).

2. An embedded parallel solid fuel-liquid oxidant hybrid engine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The oxidant delivery-injection integrated device (101) comprises an oxidant delivery pipeline (2) and an oxidant injection port (1).

3. An embedded parallel solid fuel-liquid oxidant hybrid engine as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The oxidant conveying-injection integrated device (101) is embedded in the solid fuel (6) and forms a parallel structure with the combustion chamber shell (4).

4. An embedded parallel solid fuel-liquid oxidant hybrid engine as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The oxidant conveying and injection integrated device (101) is bonded to the solid fuel (6) via a lining layer.

5. An embedded parallel solid fuel-liquid oxidant hybrid engine as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The outer surface of the integrated oxidant delivery-injection device (101) is provided with an oxidant delivery-injection integrated device body heat insulation material (3).

6. An embedded parallel solid fuel-liquid oxidant hybrid engine as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The oxidant injection ports (1) are distributed along the axial direction, and each axial oxidant injection port (1) is evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, thereby realizing graded injection of the oxidant.

7. An embedded parallel solid fuel-liquid oxidant hybrid engine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The solid fuel with shell (103) comprises a combustion chamber shell (4), solid fuel (6) and a shell insulation layer (5).

8. An embedded parallel solid fuel-liquid oxidant hybrid engine as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The solid fuel (6) burns in a self-sustaining manner in an end-burning form, and the fuel-rich combustion gas generated by the combustion is efficiently mixed with the oxidant injected in stages from the oxidant injection port (1) and then secondary burned.

9. An embedded parallel solid fuel-liquid oxidant hybrid engine as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The solid fuel (6) is a high pressure index propellant capable of self-sustaining combustion, and the pressure index is between 0.6 and 0.

75.

10. An embedded parallel solid fuel-liquid oxidant hybrid engine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The ignition device (105) is arranged on the end surface of the solid fuel (6); the ignition device (105) is a conventional ignition device or a flexible ignition layer.

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