Method and system for evaluating directionality of block stones in soil-rock mixture
By dividing the blocks into sub-blocks and evaluating their rotational disturbance expectations, the accuracy of the blank area of the rectangular frame affects the directionality evaluation of the soil and rock mixture in the prior art is solved, and a more accurate directionality evaluation of the blocks and stones is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411618520.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-13
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-07
AI Technical Summary
In the prior art, the blank area between the rectangular frame and the stones affects the accuracy of the directionality evaluation of the stones in the earth-rock mixture, resulting in insufficient evaluation.
By obtaining the shear surface image of the earth and rock mixture, segmenting the block stone into multiple sub-blocks, and evaluating its orientation with the rotational disturbance expectation of the block stone around its center, using the rotation angle corresponding to the minimum value of the disturbance expectation as the orientation Evaluation indicators.
Improve the accuracy of the directionality evaluation of the stone, avoid the problem of low accuracy when the angle between the long axis of the rectangular frame and the shear direction as an evaluation index, and provide a more accurate direction of the stone in the shear direction. Sexual assessment.
Smart Images
Figure CN119269513A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of orientation evaluation, and in particular to an evaluation method and system for orientation of blocks of stone in a soil-rock mixture. Background Art
[0002] The soil-rock mixture is mainly composed of rocks and soil particles, and there are a large number of pores and microcracks inside it, that is, the soil-rock mixture is a collection of rocks, soil particles and pores. The orientation of rocks in the soil-rock mixture is a very important factor affecting its overall engineering geological properties. Therefore, how to evaluate the orientation of rocks in the soil-rock mixture will directly affect the evaluation of the overall stability of the soil-rock mixture.
[0003] In some existing technologies, the angle between the major axis of the smallest rectangular frame that can enclose the stone and a specified axis (the axis is parallel to the shear force direction) is used as an indicator for evaluating the orientation of the stone in the soil-rock mixture. However, in this method, since most of the stone blocks are irregular in shape, there is a partial blank area between the rectangular frame and the stone blocks, and the blank area is still regarded as a part of the stone block and participates in the evaluation of its orientation, which is not conducive to improving the accuracy of the evaluation of the orientation of the stone blocks.
[0004] Therefore, how to improve the accuracy of evaluating the orientation of blocks in a soil-rock mixture is a technical problem to be solved by this application. Summary of the invention
[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and system for evaluating the orientation of blocks in a soil-rock mixture, so as to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the blank area between the rectangular frame and the blocks affects the accuracy of the evaluation of the orientation of the blocks.
[0006] A first aspect of the present invention provides a method for evaluating the orientation of blocks in a soil-rock mixture, the method comprising:
[0007] Obtaining a shear surface image of a soil-rock mixture;
[0008] Get the cross-sectional shape S of stone i in the shear plane image i 、Area A i and centroid position i o , 1≤i≤I, I is the total amount of rocks in the shear surface image;
[0009] Build o The rectangular coordinate system XOY in the shearing surface image is the origin of the coordinate system; wherein the positive direction of the Y axis is parallel to the shearing direction and has the same direction;
[0010] S i Divided into N sub-blocks, where sub-block S i-n Area A i-n No more than A i*20%, 1≤n≤N;
[0011] Let stone i rotate around its centroid multiple times and obtain the expected disturbance of stone i after each rotation
[0012] θ is the rotation angle of stone i around its centroid, -90°≤θ≤90°;
[0013]
[0014]
[0015] in, M i-n-θ and They are respectively the internal sub-blocks S when the rotation angle of stone i around its centroid is θ. i-n The perturbation expectation of block i and sub-block S i-n The magnitude of the moment on block i and the sub-block S i-n The abscissa of the centroid of in the rectangular coordinate system XOY; τ is the perturbation shear stress,
[0016] The orientation of stone i is evaluated by taking the rotation angle corresponding to the minimum value of the disturbance expectation of stone i as the basis for evaluating the orientation of stone i.
[0017] Further, the
[0018] Furthermore, sub-block S i-n The shape is a polygon whose centroid is within its own enclosing range.
[0019] Furthermore, the step of taking the rotation angle corresponding to the minimum value of the disturbance expectation of the obtained stone i as the basis for evaluating the orientation of the stone i and evaluating the orientation of the stone i includes:
[0020] Get the orientation index Q of stone i i ,in Q i The closer it is to 1, the better the orientation of the stone i in the shear direction. i-opt is the rotation angle corresponding to the minimum value of the disturbance expectation of stone i obtained after multiple rotations.
[0021] Furthermore, the method further comprises:
[0022] Get the orientation index Q of all the rocks in the shear surface image as a whole 总 ;
[0023]
[0024] A second aspect of the present invention further provides an evaluation system for the orientation of blocks in a soil-rock mixture, the evaluation system comprising:
[0025] An image acquisition module, used for acquiring a shear surface image of a soil-rock mixture;
[0026] Parameter acquisition module, used to obtain the cross-sectional shape S of the block i in the shear surface image i 、Area A i and centroid position i o , 1≤i≤I, I is the total amount of rocks in the shear surface image;
[0027] Coordinate system establishment module, used to establish i o The rectangular coordinate system XOY in the shearing surface image is the origin of the coordinate system; wherein the positive direction of the Y axis is parallel to the shearing direction and has the same direction;
[0028] Sub-block division module, used to divide S i Divided into N sub-blocks, where sub-block S i-n Area A i-n No more than A i *20%, 1≤n≤N;
[0029] The disturbance expectation acquisition module is used to rotate the stone i around its centroid multiple times and obtain the disturbance expectation of the stone i after each rotation.
[0030] θ is the rotation angle of stone i around its centroid, -90°≤θ≤90°;
[0031]
[0032]
[0033] in, M i-n-θ and They are respectively the internal sub-blocks S when the rotation angle of stone i around its centroid is θ. i-n The perturbation expectation of block i and sub-block S i-n The magnitude of the moment on block i and the sub-block S i-n The abscissa of the centroid of in the rectangular coordinate system XOY; τ is the perturbation shear stress,
[0034] The orientation evaluation module is used to evaluate the orientation of the stone i by taking the rotation angle corresponding to the minimum value of the disturbance expectation of the obtained stone i as the orientation evaluation basis of the stone i.
[0035] Further, the
[0036] Furthermore, sub-block S i-n The shape is a polygon whose centroid is within its own enclosing range.
[0037] Furthermore, it also includes a block stone orientation index acquisition unit, which is used to obtain the orientation index Q of the block stone i. i ,in Q i The closer it is to 1, the better the orientation of the stone i in the shear direction. i-opt is the rotation angle corresponding to the minimum value of the disturbance expectation of stone i obtained after multiple rotations.
[0038] Furthermore, it also includes a block stone overall orientation index acquisition unit, which is used to obtain the orientation index Q of all the blocks in the shear surface image as a whole 总 ;
[0039]
[0040] Beneficial effects of the present invention:
[0041] By dividing the cutting surface of the stone block into several sub-blocks, and taking the disturbance expectation of each sub-block on the stone block and the disturbance expectation of the stone block itself, and taking the rotation angle corresponding to the minimum value of the disturbance expectation of the stone block as the current shear direction, the orientation evaluation index of the stone block can be avoided. This method can avoid the defect of low accuracy in the existing technology when using the angle between the major axis of the rectangular frame and the shear direction as the orientation evaluation index of the stone block. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the prior art using the angle between the major axis of the smallest rectangular frame of a closed stone block and the shear direction as a guide for evaluating orientation.
[0043] Figure 2 A flow chart of a method for evaluating the orientation of blocks in a soil-rock mixture provided in an embodiment.
[0044] Figure 3 FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of dividing a block of stone into a plurality of sub-blocks in an embodiment. Figure 4 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the stone block when it is rotated 60°. Figure 5 Divide into grids Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the stone block shown. Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a system for evaluating the orientation of blocks in a soil-rock mixture provided in an embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0045] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that it is easy for a person with ordinary skills in the prior art to implement these embodiments; however, the present invention can also be implemented in various different forms, so the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below; in addition, in order to more clearly describe the present invention, parts that are not connected to the present invention will be omitted from the accompanying drawings.
[0046] Example
[0047] Combined with Figure 1 , Figure 1 As shown in the prior art, the angle θ between the long axis of the rectangular frame and the shear direction is used as a method to evaluate the orientation of the block stone, wherein the smaller the angle θ is, the better the orientation of the corresponding block stone in the shear direction is; however, Figure 1 It can be seen that there is a large non-stone part (the shaded part in the figure) between the rectangular frame and the outer edge of the stone, and this part also participates in the aforementioned orientation evaluation process, thus affecting the accuracy of the obtained stone orientation evaluation.
[0048] Therefore, this embodiment provides a method for evaluating the orientation of blocks in a soil-rock mixture, which is used to solve the technical problem of low accuracy in the prior art method of using the angle between the long axis of a rectangular frame containing the blocks and the shear direction as the evaluation method for the orientation of blocks.
[0049] Combined with Figure 2 The present embodiment provides a method for evaluating the orientation of blocks in a soil-rock mixture, the method comprising:
[0050] S100, obtaining a shear surface image of the soil-rock mixture; the shear surface image may be obtained by CT scanning or by directly photographing the obtained two-dimensional image of the shear surface image.
[0051] The present embodiment only evaluates the orientation of the stone block on the shear plane (ie, the orientation of the cross section of the stone block within the shear plane is evaluated), and does not involve orientation evaluation in three-dimensional space.
[0052] S200, obtaining the cross-sectional shape S of the stone i in the shear plane image i 、Area A i and centroid position i o , 1≤i≤I, I is the total amount of rocks in the shear surface image.
[0053] Among them, i is the serial number of the corresponding stone, and all the stones in the shear surface image are numbered as stone 1, stone 2, ..., stone i, ..., stone I; the shape, area and centroid position of each stone are directly obtained from the image.
[0054] S300, build oThe rectangular coordinate system XOY in the shearing surface image has the coordinate origin; wherein the positive direction of the Y axis is parallel to the shearing direction and has the same direction.
[0055] That is, the purpose of the rectangular coordinate system is to evaluate the orientation of the block stone at a later stage, and the setting in which the positive direction of the Y-axis is parallel to the shear direction and in the same direction helps to reduce the difficulty of evaluation.
[0056] S400, S i Divided into N sub-blocks, where sub-block S i-n Area A i-n No more than A i *20%, 1≤n≤N.
[0057] That is, the cross section of stone i in the shear plane image is segmented so that S i is divided into N blocks, where sub-block S i-n The area is A i-n ,and At the same time, in order to further ensure the accuracy of the evaluation, At this time, S i At least divided into 5 parts; in some embodiments, That is, the more parts the stone i is divided into, the more accurate the corresponding orientation evaluation result is.
[0058] In some embodiments, the sub-block S i-n The shape is a polygon whose centroid is within its own enclosed area; among them, the polygon is such as a parallelogram (rectangle, square, rhombus, etc.) or a triangle, etc., and the polygon is selected based on the principle of simplicity in determining the centroid.
[0059] Secondly, within the same stone, the shapes of the sub-blocks can be the same or different, and when the shapes are the same, the areas can be the same or different, as long as the total area of the aforementioned sub-blocks is the same as the area of the stone. For example, the sub-block in the center area of the stone does not touch the sides of the stone, and its corresponding area can be the maximum value among all the sub-blocks to reduce the amount of subsequent calculations, while the sub-block that touches the edge of the stone can correspond to a triangle, etc., to adapt to the boundary conditions of the stone.
[0060] Reference Figure 3 , in this embodiment, Figure 1 The division of the stone blocks is shown in the figure. In the figure, each black dot is the centroid position of the corresponding sub-block.
[0061] Because the outline of the block is not a regular line, in some embodiments, when obtaining the cross-sectional shape S of the block i, iAfter that, divide its contour line L into no less than M small segments, the length of any small segment m is no more than L×5%, and the length of any small segment m is no more than 5 cm (it can also be 0.5 cm, determined according to the calculation accuracy), and the curves in each small segment are replaced by straight lines (that is, the curves are replaced by straight lines formed by connecting the two ends of the curves), and the block contour line composed of M small segments is obtained. Then, the block is divided into several sub-blocks using a grid (the area of each grid is no more than 1% of the area of the block itself and less than the set value), and the centroid of the block is at the vertex of a grid and the Y axis is at the vertex of the grid. One side is parallel, and after the stone is divided into grids, the grid located at the stone outline is divided into inner and outer parts by the stone outline. In this part of the grid, when the area of the part located within the stone outline is not less than 50% of the grid area, the grid as a whole is counted as a sub-block of stone i (the total area of the grid is counted as the area of the corresponding sub-block during calculation), and the grid whose area within the stone outline is less than 50% of the grid area is not counted as a sub-block of stone i, and the area of stone i is made the sum of the areas of all its sub-blocks, thereby reducing the difficulty of sub-block division of the stone and the difficulty of subsequent calculation.
[0062] like Figure 5 As shown in the figure, in the grids at the edge of the stone block, the grids whose area inside the stone block is not less than 50% of the grid area are counted as sub-blocks of the stone block as a whole (the black area in the figure corresponds to the grid as a whole), and the grids whose area inside the stone block is less than 50% of the grid area are not counted as sub-blocks of the stone block.
[0063] S500, rotate the stone i around its centroid multiple times, and obtain the disturbance expectation of the stone i after each rotation
[0064] in, θ is the rotation angle of stone i around its centroid, -90°≤θ≤90°;
[0065] and and
[0066] in, M i-n-θ and They are respectively the internal sub-blocks S when the rotation angle of stone i around its centroid is θ. i-n The perturbation expectation of block i and sub-block S i-n The magnitude of the moment on block i and the sub-block S i-n The abscissa of the centroid in the rectangular coordinate system XOY; τ is the disturbing shear stress, τ = 1, which is used to simplify the calculation, and the orientation of the stone is independent of the size of the disturbing shear stress on the stone (because as long as there is a disturbing shear stress, there will be an orientation problem).
[0067] Since the magnitude of the moment is not affected by the positive or negative value of the coordinates, The torque is calculated by Calculating the moment size and using it as a parameter of the expected disturbance of the rock block can avoid the situation where the expected disturbance is zero when the rock block is symmetric about the Y axis (but the rock block itself will be disturbed at this time).
[0068] At the same time, since the areas of each sub-block may be different, the disturbance expectations for the block are different. Therefore, the disturbance expectation of the entire block is obtained in an area-weighted manner.
[0069] Secondly, Due to different ways of dividing the stone block, the total area of each sub-block after division may be different from the initial area of the stone block itself. Therefore, in the subsequent calculation, the total area of each sub-block is used as the expected area for calculating the disturbance of the stone block.
[0070] S600, taking the rotation angle corresponding to the minimum value of the disturbance expectation of the obtained stone block i as the basis for evaluating the orientation of the stone block i, and evaluating the orientation of the stone block i.
[0071] That is, when stone i rotates around its centroid within a set angle range, the resulting disturbance expectations are different at different rotation angles. The smaller the disturbance expectation, the stronger the stability of stone i in the shear direction (positive direction of the Y axis) after it is rotated to the corresponding angle (that is, the less likely it is to rotate). It can be further known that the smaller the rotation angle corresponding to the minimum disturbance expectation, the closer the stone i is to the target state (that is, under the shear force in the positive direction of the Y axis, the stone i will not rotate or the possibility is extremely low).
[0072] For example, refer to Figure 3 , when the shear direction is determined to be the positive direction of the Y axis, the expected disturbance is minimized when the rotation angle of stone i is 0, indicating that stone i will not rotate (or the possibility of rotation is the lowest) under the shear force in this shear direction. Figure 4 When the calculated rotation angle of stone i is 60°, the expected disturbance is the smallest. This means that after stone i rotates 60° around its centroid, it will not rotate (or the possibility of rotation is the lowest) under the shear force in the positive direction of the Y axis. Correspondingly, stone i in the current state may rotate 30° around its centroid under the shear force in the positive direction of the Y axis, and then it will be stable and will not rotate.
[0073] In order to quantify the orientation evaluation of the stone i, in this embodiment, the rotation angle corresponding to the minimum value of the disturbance expectation of the stone i is used as the orientation evaluation basis of the stone i, and the step of evaluating the orientation of the stone i includes:
[0074] Get the orientation index Q of stone i i,in Q i The closer it is to 1, the better the orientation of the stone i in the shear direction. i-opt is the rotation angle corresponding to the minimum value of the disturbance expectation of stone i obtained after multiple rotations.
[0075] That is, Q i The closer it is to 1, the lower the possibility that stone i will undergo rotational disturbance under the shear force in the positive direction of the y-axis, and the better the orientation of the corresponding stone i.
[0076] In order to evaluate the orientation of all the stones in the entire shear surface image, in this embodiment, the method further includes:
[0077] Get the orientation index Q of all the rocks in the shear surface image as a whole 总 ;
[0078]
[0079] Through the above, the orientation of any stone in the shear surface image can be effectively evaluated, and the orientation of all the stones in the shear surface image as a whole can be evaluated, and the above evaluation method can effectively avoid the defects of the prior art.
[0080] refer to Figure 6 This embodiment also provides a system for evaluating the orientation of blocks of rock in a soil-rock mixture. The system 1 for evaluating the orientation of blocks of rock in a soil-rock mixture includes:
[0081] An image acquisition module 101 is used to acquire a shear surface image of a soil-rock mixture;
[0082] The parameter acquisition module 102 is used to obtain the cross-sectional shape S of the block i in the shear surface image. i 、Area A i and centroid position i o , 1≤i≤I, I is the total amount of rocks in the shear surface image;
[0083] Coordinate system establishment module 103, used to establish i o The rectangular coordinate system XOY in the shearing surface image is the origin of the coordinate system; wherein the positive direction of the Y axis is parallel to the shearing direction and has the same direction;
[0084] The sub-block division module 104 is used to divide S i Divided into N sub-blocks, where sub-block S i-n Area A i-n No more than A i *20%, 1≤n≤N;
[0085] The disturbance expectation acquisition module 105 is used to rotate the stone i around its centroid multiple times and obtain the disturbance expectation of the stone i after each rotation.
[0086] θ is the rotation angle of stone i around its centroid, -90°≤θ≤90°;
[0087]
[0088]
[0089] in, M i-n-θ and They are respectively the internal sub-blocks S when the rotation angle of stone i around its centroid is θ. i-n The perturbation expectation of block i and sub-block S i-n The magnitude of the moment on block i and the sub-block S i-n The abscissa of the centroid of in the rectangular coordinate system XOY; τ is the perturbation shear stress,
[0090] The orientation evaluation module 106 is used to evaluate the orientation of the stone i by taking the rotation angle corresponding to the minimum value of the disturbance expectation of the obtained stone i as the orientation evaluation basis of the stone i.
[0091] Furthermore, the orientation evaluation module 106 further includes a block orientation index acquisition unit 1061, which is used to acquire the orientation index Q of the block i. i ,in Q i The closer it is to 1, the better the orientation of the stone i in the shear direction. i-opt is the rotation angle corresponding to the minimum value of the disturbance expectation of stone i obtained after multiple rotations.
[0092] Furthermore, the orientation evaluation module 106 also includes a block overall orientation index acquisition unit 1062, which is used to obtain the orientation index Q of all the blocks in the shear surface image. 总 ;
[0093]
[0094] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." does not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the element.
[0095] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for evaluating the orientation of blocks in a soil-rock mixture, characterized in that: The method includes: Obtaining a shear surface image of a soil-rock mixture; Get the cross-sectional shape S of stone i in the shear plane image i 、Area A i and centroid position i o , 1≤i≤I, I is the total amount of rocks in the shear surface image; Build o The rectangular coordinate system XOY in the shearing surface image is the origin of the coordinate system; wherein the positive direction of the Y axis is parallel to the shearing direction and has the same direction; S i Divided into N sub-blocks, where sub-block S i-n Area A i-n No more than A i *20%, 1≤n≤N; Let stone i rotate around its centroid multiple times and obtain the expected disturbance of stone i after each rotation θ is the rotation angle of stone i around its centroid, -90°≤θ≤90°; M i-n-θ =τ×A i-n ×|x Si-n-θ |; in, and They are respectively the internal sub-blocks S when the rotation angle of stone i around its centroid is θ. i-n The perturbation expectation of block i and sub-block S i-n The magnitude of the moment on block i and the sub-block S i-n The abscissa of the centroid of in the rectangular coordinate system XOY; τ is the perturbation shear stress, The orientation of stone i is evaluated by taking the rotation angle corresponding to the minimum value of the disturbance expectation of stone i as the basis for evaluating the orientation of stone i.
2. The evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Said 3. The evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: sub-block S i-n The shape is a polygon whose centroid is within its own enclosing range.
4. The evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of taking the rotation angle corresponding to the minimum value of the disturbance expectation of the obtained stone i as the basis for evaluating the orientation of the stone i and evaluating the orientation of the stone i includes: Get the orientation index Q of stone i i ,in Q i The closer it is to 1, the better the orientation of the stone i in the shear direction. i-opt is the rotation angle corresponding to the minimum value of the disturbance expectation of stone i obtained after multiple rotations.
5. The evaluation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method further comprises: Get the orientation index Q of all the stones in the shear surface image as a whole 总 ; 6. A system for evaluating the orientation of blocks in a soil-rock mixture, characterized in that: The evaluation system includes: An image acquisition module, used for acquiring a shear surface image of a soil-rock mixture; Parameter acquisition module, used to obtain the cross-sectional shape S of the block i in the shear surface image i 、Area A i and centroid position i o , 1≤i≤I, I is the total amount of rocks in the shear surface image; Coordinate system establishment module, used to establish i o The rectangular coordinate system XOY in the shearing surface image is the origin of the coordinate system; wherein the positive direction of the Y axis is parallel to the shearing direction and has the same direction; Sub-block partitioning module is used to divide S i Divided into N sub-blocks, where sub-block S i-n Area A i-n No more than A i *20%, 1≤n≤N; The disturbance expectation acquisition module is used to rotate the stone i around its centroid multiple times and obtain the disturbance expectation of the stone i after each rotation. θ is the rotation angle of stone i around its centroid, -90°≤θ≤90°; in, and They are respectively the internal sub-blocks S when the rotation angle of stone i around its centroid is θ. i-n The perturbation expectation of block i and sub-block S i-n The magnitude of the moment on block i and the sub-block S i-n The abscissa of the centroid of in the rectangular coordinate system XOY; τ is the perturbation shear stress, The orientation evaluation module is used to evaluate the orientation of the stone i by taking the rotation angle corresponding to the minimum value of the disturbance expectation of the obtained stone i as the orientation evaluation basis of the stone i.
7. The evaluation system according to claim 6, characterized in that: Said 8. The evaluation system according to claim 6, characterized in that: sub-block S i-n The shape is a polygon whose centroid is within its own enclosing range.
9. The evaluation system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The invention also includes a block stone orientation index obtaining unit, which is used to obtain the orientation index Q of block stone i. i ,in Q i The closer it is to 1, the better the orientation of the stone i in the shear direction. i-opt is the rotation angle corresponding to the minimum value of the disturbance expectation of stone i obtained after multiple rotations.
10. The evaluation system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The invention also includes a block stone overall orientation index acquisition unit, which is used to obtain the orientation index Q of all the blocks in the shear surface image as a whole. 总 ;