In-situ test device and method for analyzing growth relationship between underground water and wetland vegetation

Abstract

The invention is suitable for the technical field of ecological environment monitoring, and provides an in-situ test device and method for analyzing the growth relationship between underground water and wetland vegetation, and the device comprises a probe which is located below a wetland vegetation root system layer and is used for collecting surface water-underground water exchange data; the automatic water level gauge is located in the center of the research area or the quadrat and used for monitoring the water level variation of the research area or the quadrat; the control terminal is located on the research area or the quadrat edge and comprises a power supply module, a data storage module, an unmanned aerial vehicle take-off recovery maintenance device and a device storage part, and the control terminal is fixed to the fixed base through a plug pin; the probe and the automatic water level gauge are connected with the control terminal through the data transmission line; and the unmanned aerial vehicle carries a hyperspectral imager and adopts a vertical take-off and landing fixed wing. According to the invention, the hydrological process of a research area or a quadrat and wetland vegetation growth state data can be continuously monitored in a long-sequence manner, so that the supporting effect of underground water on the growth of wetland vegetation is explored.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological environment monitoring, and in particular relates to an in-situ test device and method for analyzing the relationship between groundwater and wetland vegetation growth. Background Art

[0002] Hydrological processes are the decisive factors affecting the development of wetland systems and thus vegetation succession. Under the conditions of global climate change, both surface water and groundwater runoff processes will respond to varying degrees. In this scenario, exploring the distribution of sources of water use by wetland vegetation is the key to studying the response mechanism of wetland ecosystems to future changes in hydrological processes. However, compared with surface water monitoring, monitoring of groundwater hydrological elements is more difficult, resulting in less research on the supporting role of groundwater on wetland vegetation. Limited by the means, methods and equipment for conventional in-situ monitoring of groundwater hydrological elements, it is difficult to continuously monitor changes in groundwater recharge and dynamic data on wetland vegetation growth in time and space.

[0003] At present, the research on the relationship between groundwater and wetland vegetation growth is mainly based on vegetation hydrogen and oxygen isotope technology, and in-situ monitoring methods are relatively lacking. Vegetation hydrogen and oxygen isotope technology has high accuracy, but the data acquisition time is long, which is not conducive to long-term continuous monitoring. In addition, when facing research areas or sample plots containing different plant types, the use of vegetation hydrogen and oxygen isotope technology requires intensive sampling; monitoring of wetland vegetation growth status also requires manual measurement. Both tasks require a lot of time and manpower, and manual monitoring is easily affected by subjective judgment and difficult to quantify. In response to the above technical problems, the present invention proposes an in-situ test device and method that can monitor the surface and underground hydrological elements of wetlands and the growth status of wetland vegetation in a long-term sequence, so as to further analyze the relationship between groundwater and wetland vegetation growth. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an in-situ test device and method for analyzing the relationship between groundwater and wetland vegetation growth, aiming to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] In-situ test device for analyzing the relationship between groundwater and wetland vegetation growth, including:

[0007] Probes, which are placed below the root zone of wetland vegetation to collect surface water-groundwater exchange data;

[0008] Automatic water level gauge, located in the center of the study area or sample plot, used to monitor the water level changes in the study area or sample plot;

[0009] Latch and fixing base;

[0010] A control terminal is located in the research area or at the edge of the sample plot. The control terminal includes a power supply module, a data storage module, a UAV takeoff and recovery maintenance device, and a device storage unit. The control terminal is fixed to a fixed base by a latch;

[0011] Data transmission line, the probe and the automatic water level gauge are connected to the control terminal via the data transmission line;

[0012] A UAV, wherein the UAV is equipped with a hyperspectral imager and adopts a vertical take-off and landing fixed-wing;

[0013] The probe is divided into two parts, a main pipe and a probe cone tip, and the main pipe is divided into three parts, an upper pipe, a middle pipe and a lower pipe; the top of the main pipe is threadedly connected to an upper cover, the bottom of the main pipe is threadedly connected to the probe cone tip, and the main pipe is embedded with a hollow pipe; holes are evenly arranged on the walls of the main pipe and the hollow pipe in the upper and lower pipe parts, and a layer of sand net is embedded in the corresponding holes on the inner wall of the main pipe; gravel is filled between the main pipe and the hollow pipe; sensors are provided at the hollow pipes of the upper and lower pipe parts; the outer wall of the middle pipe is impermeable, and the middle pipe is connected to the upper and lower pipes through the hollow pipe inside, and an electromagnetic flowmeter is provided at the hollow pipe of the middle pipe part, and the electromagnetic flowmeter is used to record the flow direction and flux of surface water and groundwater undergoing hydraulic exchange in real time;

[0014] The automatic water level gauge is divided into two parts: a main body and a cone tip of the automatic water level gauge. The main body includes a water level sensor and an outer wall of the automatic water level gauge. The outer wall of the automatic water level gauge is marked with water level scale lines. The outer wall of the automatic water level gauge is provided with holes evenly distributed at a height of 30 cm along the circumference of the outer wall near the starting scale, and a layer of sand net is embedded in the corresponding holes on the inner wall of the main body, and gravel is filled between the sand net and the water level sensor; a downward slanting air vent is provided at the top of the automatic water level gauge.

[0015] Furthermore, the electromagnetic flowmeters of several probes in the same research area or sample plot are located on the same horizontal plane.

[0016] Furthermore, the starting scale of the outer wall of the automatic water level meter is located at the same horizontal plane as the electromagnetic flow meter.

[0017] Furthermore, the sensor and the electromagnetic flowmeter are both connected to one end of the data transmission line, and the other end of the data transmission line is connected to the control terminal.

[0018] Furthermore, the main tube diameter of the probe is 5 cm, and the diameter of the hollow tube is 2 cm.

[0019] Furthermore, the main body length of the automatic water level gauge is 2m, and the length of the cone tip of the automatic water level gauge is 0.3m.

[0020] The in situ experimental method for analyzing the relationship between groundwater and wetland vegetation growth includes the following steps:

[0021] Step 1, preparation stage: design the number and location of probes and automatic water level gauges, as well as the flight route of the drone according to the actual environment and monitoring purpose; assemble the control terminal and fix it on the fixed base;

[0022] Step 2, install the probe: fill the probe with sand, connect the data transmission line after filling, and test the data recording function of the probe; slowly insert the probe into the soil, and ensure that the electromagnetic flowmeters of all probes are on the same horizontal plane; let it stand for a while after insertion, and turn on the switch to start measuring after the water flow stabilizes; surface water and groundwater enter the hollow pipe through the pipe wall respectively, and the sensors on both sides monitor the pressure and temperature of the surface water and groundwater; the bidirectional circulation of surface water and groundwater in the hollow pipe is recorded by the electromagnetic flowmeter;

[0023] Step 3, install the automatic water level meter: fill the automatic water level meter with sand, and after filling the sand, test the data recording accuracy of the automatic water level meter and make corrections; slowly insert the automatic water level meter into the soil, and ensure that the starting scale is on the same horizontal plane as the electromagnetic flowmeter of the probe; let it stand for a while, and turn on the switch to start measuring after the water flow stabilizes; the automatic water level meter continuously monitors the water level changes in the study area or sample plot;

[0024] Step 4, UAV settings: Plan the flight route and remote sensing image range of the UAV according to the survey results before arriving at the site; conduct a manual test flight after arriving at the site, debug the setting parameters and flight route; ensure that the UAV can automatically take off, land, charge and transmit data on the UAV takeoff and recovery maintenance device;

[0025] Step 5: System test: Test whether all devices can work normally and whether data can be collected and transmitted normally; after confirmation, start in-situ monitoring;

[0026] Step 6, data collection and analysis: Real-time and continuous monitoring of the surface water-groundwater conversion relationship and flux. The monitoring signals and data are transmitted to the control terminal through the data transmission line for analysis and processing to generate monitoring data. The data is finally stored in the data storage module or sent to the remote user end.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] 1. The present invention sets up several probes located below the root layer of wetland vegetation for collecting surface water-groundwater exchange data, which can continuously monitor the surface water-groundwater conversion relationship in the wetland and quantitatively calculate the amount of groundwater recharge to the root layer of wetland vegetation.

[0029] 2. The present invention is equipped with an automatic water level meter located in the center of the study area or sample plot, which can continuously monitor the water level changes in the study area or sample plot. The outer wall of the automatic water level meter and the downward slanting vent design can prevent water level fluctuation errors and damage caused by precipitation, debris wrapping, wild animal splashing, etc.

[0030] 3. The present invention uses a drone equipped with a hyperspectral imager to obtain long-term remote sensing images of wetland vegetation in the study area or sample plot, so as to accurately invert vegetation indices and vegetation eco-physical parameters that characterize the physiological state of wetland vegetation.

[0031] 4. The present invention provides an in-situ test device and method, which is more intelligent and economical than the traditional monitoring method that only uses vegetation hydrogen and oxygen isotope technology, reduces the investment of time and manpower, and realizes automated data collection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the control terminal in the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 It is the layout diagram of the device of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the probe in the present invention.

[0035] In the figure: 1-solar panel; 2-vertical take-off and landing fixed wing; 3-hyperspectral imager; 4-UAV take-off, recovery and maintenance device; 5-device storage unit; 6-data storage module; 7-power supply module; 8-sliding door; 9-control terminal; 10-password lock; 11-latch; 12-data transmission line; 13-fixed base; 14-vent; 15-outer wall of automatic water level gauge; 16-water level sensor; 17-gravel; 18-cone tip of automatic water level gauge; 19-probe; 20-upper cover; 21-sensor; 22-hollow tube; 23-electromagnetic flowmeter; 24-sand net; 25-cone tip of probe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0037] The specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0038] like Figure 1-3 As shown, an in-situ test device for analyzing the relationship between groundwater and wetland vegetation growth provided by one embodiment of the present invention comprises:

[0039] Probe 19, located below the root layer of wetland vegetation, is used to collect surface water-groundwater exchange data;

[0040] Automatic water level gauge, located in the center of the study area or sample plot, used to monitor the water level changes in the study area or sample plot;

[0041] Latch 11 and fixed base 13;

[0042] The control terminal 9 is located in the research area or on the edge of the sample plot; it includes a power supply module 7, a data storage module 6, a UAV takeoff recovery maintenance device 4 and a device storage unit 5. The control terminal 9 is fixed to a fixed base 13 by a latch 11;

[0043] Data transmission line 12, the probe 19 and the automatic water level meter are connected to the control terminal 9 via the data transmission line 12;

[0044] The unmanned aerial vehicle is equipped with a hyperspectral imager 3 and adopts a vertical take-off and landing fixed-wing 2.

[0045] In the embodiment of the present invention, the water consumption of wetland vegetation in natural habitats can be calculated by combining the groundwater recharge to the root layer of wetland vegetation, atmospheric rainfall, and water surface evaporation data.

[0046] The control terminal 9 located in the research area or on the edge of the sample plot can be connected to several probes 19 for collecting surface water-groundwater exchange data. The number and position of the probes 19 inserted into the sediment layer can be designed according to different monitoring needs, and the surface water-groundwater conversion relationship and flux at different depths of the profile can be monitored in real time and continuously, so as to complete the flexible acquisition of in-situ data. Several probes 19 are evenly set below the root layer of wetland vegetation to quantitatively monitor the relationship and conversion between groundwater and surface water.

[0047] The bottom of the control terminal 9 is equipped with a fixed base 13, which firmly fixes the control terminal 9 in the monitoring site to prevent it from being washed away by water or hit by wild animals, resulting in loss and damage. The control terminal 9 is wrapped with hard PVC material on the outside and covered with buffer material on the inside to ensure that the device is not flooded or damaged by water, precipitation, impact, vibration, etc. The control terminal 9 has a password lock 10 and a physical key dual authentication lock, and is equipped with GPS to send location coordinates to users in real time to ensure the security of the device and data.

[0048] The device storage part 5 is used to store the probe 19, the automatic water level meter, the data transmission line 12, the solar panel 1 and other equipment, so that the whole device is easy to transport. The device storage part 5 is equipped with a sliding door 8 to facilitate the storage and access of equipment.

[0049] The probes 19 should be evenly arranged below the root layer of wetland vegetation to quantitatively monitor the relationship between the replenishment and discharge of groundwater and surface water and the conversion amount.

[0050] The device also includes a power supply module 7, and the monitoring device is uniformly powered by the power supply module 7. The power supply module 7 can be connected to an external power source or powered by light energy converted by the solar panel 1 to ensure the continuity of monitoring.

[0051] The monitoring data is uniformly stored in the data storage module 6 and can be transmitted to the user end by wireless transmission or manually copied.

[0052] The drone takeoff, recovery and maintenance device 4 includes an upper automatically opening and closing takeoff platform, a wireless charging device, a wireless data transmission device and other drone maintenance devices.

[0053] The UAV adopts a vertical take-off and landing fixed wing 2, which can take off and land vertically on the spot without the help of a runway. It has the advantages of simple structure, convenient take-off and landing, and long endurance. The UAV is equipped with a hyperspectral imager 3 to accurately invert vegetation indices and vegetation eco-physical parameters that characterize the physiological state of wetland vegetation, such as normalized vegetation index, leaf area index, vegetation coverage, biomass, plant height, etc. The UAV can complete the acquisition of remote sensing images of one or more research areas and sample plots on a regular basis according to the planned route.

[0054] like Figure 1-3 As shown, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the electromagnetic flowmeters 23 of several probes 19 in the same study area or sample plot are located at the same horizontal plane. The probe 19 is divided into two parts: a main pipe and a probe cone tip 25. The probe cone tip 25 is inserted into the soil, and the main pipe is divided into three parts: an upper pipe, a middle pipe and a lower pipe; the top of the main pipe is threadedly connected with an upper cover 20, and a groove is left at the upper end of the upper cover 20 for connecting with a special probe rod, so as to facilitate pushing the probe 19 into a specified depth. The bottom of the main pipe is threadedly connected with a probe cone tip 25, and the diameter of the main pipe is 5 cm. A hollow pipe 22 is embedded in the main pipe, and the diameter of the hollow pipe 22 is 2 cm. In the upper and lower pipe parts, small-diameter holes are evenly arranged on the walls of the main pipe and the hollow pipe 22, and a layer of sand net 24 is tightly embedded in the inner wall of the main pipe corresponding to the holes. Sand and gravel of different particle sizes are selected between the main pipe and the hollow pipe 22 to ensure that foreign soil particles will not flow in from the holes. Sensors 21 are provided at the hollow tubes 22 of the upper and lower tubes. The outer wall of the middle tube is impermeable, and the middle tube is connected to the upper and lower tubes only through the hollow tubes 22 inside. An electromagnetic flowmeter 23 is provided at the hollow tube 22 of the middle tube, and the electromagnetic flowmeter 23 is used to record the flow direction and flux of surface water and groundwater undergoing hydraulic exchange in real time, and transmit the real-time recorded data to the data storage module 6 of the control terminal 9. The sensor 21 and the electromagnetic flowmeter 23 are both connected to one end of the data transmission line 12, and the other end of the data transmission line 12 is connected to the control terminal 9.

[0055] In the embodiment of the present invention, the upper cover 20 and the probe cone tip 25 are disassembled and connected with the main pipe through threads, so that sand of appropriate particle size can be filled and unloaded into the upper pipe and the lower pipe, and the filled sand is compacted as much as possible. The sand should be fully rinsed before filling, and the sand in the probe 19 should be cleaned in time after the monitoring is completed.

[0056] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the automatic water level gauge is divided into two parts: a main body and an automatic water level gauge cone tip 18. The length of the main body is 2m, and the length of the automatic water level gauge cone tip 18 is 0.3m. The main body includes a water level sensor 16 and an automatic water level gauge outer wall 15. The automatic water level gauge outer wall 15 is marked with a water level scale line. The starting scale of the automatic water level gauge outer wall 15 is located at the same horizontal plane as the electromagnetic flowmeter 23. The automatic water level gauge outer wall 15 has small-diameter holes evenly distributed in a 30cm area near the starting scale, and a thin layer of sand net is tightly embedded in the corresponding holes on the inner wall of the main pipe. Sand and gravel 17 of different particle sizes are selected between the sand net and the water level sensor 16 to ensure that external soil particles will not flow in from the holes. The top of the automatic water level gauge is provided with a downward slanting vent 14, so that the external water body and the inside of the water level gauge form a connecting vessel, which can continuously monitor the water level change data.

[0057] In the embodiment of the present invention, the design of the holes, sand net and downwardly inclined ventilation pipe 14 can prevent water level fluctuation errors and damage caused by precipitation, debris wrapping, wild animals splashing water, etc. The eye-catching water level scale line marked on the outer wall 15 of the automatic water level meter is used to manually read the record when the automatic data recording function fails. Combined with the groundwater recharge to the root layer of wetland vegetation, atmospheric rainfall, and water surface evaporation data, the water consumption of wetland vegetation in the natural habitat can be calculated.

[0058] An in-situ test method for analyzing the relationship between groundwater and wetland vegetation growth provided by one embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0059] Step 1, preparation stage: before using the device for in-situ monitoring, the site parameters such as the research area, the number and area of ​​the sample plots, the thickness of the vegetation root layer, etc. should be designed and planned first, and the number and position of the probes 19, the automatic water level gauges, and the flight route of the drone should be reasonably designed according to the actual environment and the monitoring purpose; the control terminal 9 is assembled and fixed on the fixed base 13;

[0060] Step 2, install the probe: fill the probe 19 with sand. After the sand is filled, connect the data transmission line 12 and test the data recording function of the probe 19 (slowly immerse the probe 19 in water and artificially create a head difference to observe whether the data storage module 6 can automatically record data. If the data cannot be recorded automatically, perform data transmission and flow meter inspection. If they are consistent, proceed to the next step); after the inspection, fit the protrusion of the special probe rod with scale into the groove of the upper cover 20, pass the data transmission line 12 through the hollow probe rod, and slowly insert the probe 19 into the soil. According to the vegetation root layer thickness data and the outer wall scale, ensure that the electromagnetic flowmeters 23 of all probes 19 are on the same horizontal plane. Then, slowly pull out the special probe rod. According to the design requirements, disturbances should be minimized during this process. It needs to be left to stand for a while after insertion, and the switch can be turned on to start measuring after the water flow state is stable. After insertion, let it stand for a while, and turn on the switch to start measuring after the water flow stabilizes; surface water and groundwater enter the hollow pipe 22 through the pipe wall respectively, and the sensors 21 on both sides monitor the pressure and temperature of the surface water and groundwater at this time; the bidirectional circulation of surface water and groundwater in the hollow pipe 22 is recorded by the electromagnetic flowmeter 23;

[0061] Step 3, install the automatic water level meter: fill the automatic water level meter with sand, after filling the sand, test the data recording accuracy of the automatic water level meter and calibrate it (slowly immerse the automatic water level meter in water, and after it stabilizes, observe whether the data automatically recorded by the automatic water level meter is consistent with the scale reading on the outer wall 15 of the automatic water level meter. If not, perform the calibration operation. If consistent, proceed to the next step); after the inspection, keep the cone tip 18 of the automatic water level meter downward, and slowly insert the automatic water level meter into the soil, and ensure that the starting scale is on the same level as the electromagnetic flowmeter 23 of the probe 19 based on the vegetation root layer thickness data and the scale on the outer wall 15 of the automatic water level meter. Let it stand for a while, and turn on the switch to start measuring after the water flow stabilizes; the automatic water level meter continuously monitors the water level changes in the study area or sample plot;

[0062] Step 4, UAV settings: Plan the flight route and remote sensing image range of the UAV according to the survey results before arriving at the site; conduct a manual test flight after arriving at the site, debug the setting parameters and flight route; ensure that the UAV can automatically take off, land, charge and transmit data on the UAV takeoff and recovery maintenance device;

[0063] Step 5: System test: Test whether all devices can work normally and whether data can be collected and transmitted normally; after confirmation, start in-situ monitoring;

[0064] Step 6, data collection and analysis: Real-time and continuous monitoring of the surface water-groundwater conversion relationship and flux. The monitoring signals and data are transmitted to the control terminal 9 through the data transmission line 12 for analysis and processing to generate monitoring data. The monitoring data is finally output to the data storage module 6 of the control terminal 9, where the transmission module can be optionally installed according to the monitoring requirements, that is, the data can be stored in the platform storage or sent to the remote user end through the transmission module.

[0065] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention. These should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention. These will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent.

Claims

1. An in-situ test device for analyzing the relationship between groundwater and wetland vegetation growth, characterized in that: include: Probes, which are placed below the root zone of wetland vegetation to collect surface water-groundwater exchange data; Automatic water level gauge, located in the center of the study area or sample plot, used to monitor the water level changes in the study area or sample plot; Latch and fixing base; A control terminal is located in the research area or at the edge of the sample plot. The control terminal includes a power supply module, a data storage module, a UAV takeoff and recovery maintenance device, and a device storage unit. The control terminal is fixed to a fixed base by a latch; Data transmission line, the probe and the automatic water level gauge are connected to the control terminal via the data transmission line; A UAV, wherein the UAV is equipped with a hyperspectral imager and adopts a vertical take-off and landing fixed-wing; The probe is divided into two parts, a main pipe and a probe cone tip, and the main pipe is divided into three parts, an upper pipe, a middle pipe and a lower pipe; the top of the main pipe is threadedly connected to an upper cover, the bottom of the main pipe is threadedly connected to the probe cone tip, and the main pipe is embedded with a hollow pipe; holes are evenly arranged on the walls of the main pipe and the hollow pipe in the upper and lower pipe parts, and a layer of sand net is embedded in the corresponding holes on the inner wall of the main pipe; gravel is filled between the main pipe and the hollow pipe; sensors are provided at the hollow pipes of the upper and lower pipe parts; the outer wall of the middle pipe is impermeable, and the middle pipe is connected to the upper and lower pipes through the hollow pipe inside, and an electromagnetic flowmeter is provided at the hollow pipe of the middle pipe part, and the electromagnetic flowmeter is used to record the flow direction and flux of surface water and groundwater undergoing hydraulic exchange in real time; The automatic water level gauge is divided into two parts: a main body and a cone tip of the automatic water level gauge. The main body includes a water level sensor and an outer wall of the automatic water level gauge. The outer wall of the automatic water level gauge is marked with water level scale lines. The outer wall of the automatic water level gauge is provided with holes evenly distributed at a height of 30 cm along the circumference of the outer wall near the starting scale, and a layer of sand net is embedded in the corresponding holes on the inner wall of the main body, and gravel is filled between the sand net and the water level sensor; a downward slanting air vent is provided at the top of the automatic water level gauge.

2. The in-situ test device for analyzing the relationship between groundwater and wetland vegetation growth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electromagnetic flowmeters of several probes in the same research area or sample plot are located on the same horizontal plane.

3. The in-situ test device for analyzing the relationship between groundwater and wetland vegetation growth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The starting scale of the outer wall of the automatic water level meter is located at the same horizontal plane as the electromagnetic flow meter.

4. The in-situ test device for analyzing the relationship between groundwater and wetland vegetation growth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor and the electromagnetic flowmeter are both connected to one end of the data transmission line, and the other end of the data transmission line is connected to the control terminal.

5. The in-situ test device for analyzing the relationship between groundwater and wetland vegetation growth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main tube diameter of the probe is 5 cm, and the diameter of the hollow tube is 2 cm.

6. The in-situ test device for analyzing the relationship between groundwater and wetland vegetation growth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main body length of the automatic water level gauge is 2m, and the length of the cone tip of the automatic water level gauge is 0.3m.

7. An in-situ experimental method for analyzing the relationship between groundwater and wetland vegetation growth, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, preparation stage: design the number and location of probes and automatic water level gauges, as well as the flight route of the drone according to the actual environment and monitoring purpose; assemble the control terminal and fix it on the fixed base; Step 2, install the probe: fill the probe with sand, connect the data transmission line after filling, and test the data recording function of the probe; slowly insert the probe into the soil, and ensure that the electromagnetic flowmeters of all probes are on the same horizontal plane; let it stand for a while after insertion, and turn on the switch to start measuring after the water flow stabilizes; surface water and groundwater enter the hollow pipe through the pipe wall respectively, and the sensors on both sides monitor the pressure and temperature of the surface water and groundwater; the bidirectional circulation of surface water and groundwater in the hollow pipe is recorded by the electromagnetic flowmeter; Step 3, install the automatic water level meter: fill the automatic water level meter with sand, and after filling the sand, test the data recording accuracy of the automatic water level meter and make corrections; slowly insert the automatic water level meter into the soil, and ensure that the starting scale is on the same horizontal plane as the electromagnetic flowmeter of the probe; let it stand for a while, and turn on the switch to start measuring after the water flow stabilizes; the automatic water level meter continuously monitors the water level changes in the study area or sample plot; Step 4, UAV settings: Plan the flight route and remote sensing image range of the UAV according to the survey results before arriving at the site; conduct a manual test flight after arriving at the site, debug the setting parameters and flight route; ensure that the UAV can automatically take off, land, charge and transmit data on the UAV takeoff and recovery maintenance device; Step 5: System test: Test whether all devices can work normally and whether data can be collected and transmitted normally; after confirmation, start in-situ monitoring; Step 6, data collection and analysis: Real-time and continuous monitoring of the surface water-groundwater conversion relationship and flux. The monitoring signals and data are transmitted to the control terminal through the data transmission line for analysis and processing to generate monitoring data. The data is finally stored in the data storage module or sent to the remote user end.

Images