Mine monitoring and early warning system and method based on microseismic data acquisition

Abstract

The invention provides a mine monitoring and early warning system and method based on microseismic data acquisition, and particularly relates to the technical field of mine early warning, and the mine monitoring and early warning system based on microseismic data acquisition mainly comprises an earth surface monitoring assembly, an internal monitoring assembly and a control assembly, surface data information, environment data information, positioning data information, strain information and micro-seismic information can be collected in real time, three-dimensional visualization of real-time changes of a mine is achieved, mine safety comprehensive evaluation indexes are obtained in real time according to the strain information and the micro-seismic information, comprehensive judgment is conducted by combining the strain information and the micro-seismic information, and the safety of the mine is improved. According to the invention, all-around monitoring coverage from the ground to the underground is realized, the monitoring capability of the whole condition of a mine is improved, the real-time combination of mine surface monitoring and rock stratum monitoring is effectively realized, the comprehensive evaluation index of mine safety is comprehensively judged, and the monitoring efficiency, timeliness and accuracy of coal mine safety are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of mine early warning, and in particular to a mine monitoring and early warning system and method based on microseismic data collection. Background Art

[0002] Coal mines still account for a large proportion of China's energy resources. As an important energy resource, they are widely mined and used around the world. There are still a series of safety hazards in the process of coal mining. How to detect abnormal situations in time, warn and take corresponding safety measures is crucial.

[0003] In the current coal mine safety monitoring system, since surface monitoring and rock formation monitoring are relatively independent, data need to be collected separately and then analyzed, which has a certain lag, resulting in low efficiency, timeliness and accuracy in coal mine safety monitoring.

[0004] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background technology section is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of the present application, and therefore may include information that does not constitute the prior art known to ordinary technicians in the field. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to overcome the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art and to provide a mine monitoring and early warning system and method based on microseismic data acquisition, which combines mine surface monitoring and rock formation monitoring in real time, comprehensively judges the comprehensive evaluation indicators of mine safety, and improves the efficiency, timeliness and accuracy of coal mine safety monitoring.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present application, a mine monitoring and early warning system based on microseismic data collection is provided, which mainly includes: a surface monitoring component, an internal monitoring component and a control component, the surface monitoring component includes a dynamic and static integrated monitor, an environmental monitor and a positioning receiver, the dynamic and static integrated monitor is used to collect surface data information of the mine, the environmental monitor is used to collect environmental data information of the mine, and the positioning receiver is used to collect position data information of the dynamic and static integrated monitor and positioning data information of the mine; the internal monitoring component is provided with a plurality of monitoring sections along a direction perpendicular to the depth of the mine tunnel, and a plurality of displacement meters and The microseismic sensor is used to collect strain information in the rock formation, and the microseismic sensor is used to collect microseismic information; the control component is respectively connected to the dynamic and static integrated monitoring instrument, the environmental monitoring instrument, the positioning receiver, the displacement meter and the microseismic sensor signal, and the control component obtains the comprehensive evaluation index of mine safety in real time according to the strain information and the microseismic information. The control component realizes three-dimensional visualization of real-time changes in the mine according to the surface data information, the environmental data information, the positioning data information, the strain information and the microseismic information, and verifies the accuracy of the comprehensive evaluation index of mine safety.

[0007] According to some embodiments of the present application, the static and dynamic integrated monitoring instrument is a drone, including a crack inclinometer, and the surface data information includes at least acceleration, inclination, and displacement data of the mountain surface.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present application, the environmental monitoring instrument includes a void water level meter, and the environmental data information includes water temperature, water pressure, and temperature data.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present application, the distance between adjacent monitoring sections is between 12m and 18m, and the displacement meter extends into the rock layer between 20m and 30m in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the mine tunnel.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present application, the displacement meter includes an axial force meter, a multi-point displacement meter and a roof delamination meter, and the strain information includes rock formation deformation, stress change and displacement of the monitoring point.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present application, the multi-point displacement meter forms a plurality of monitoring points along a direction perpendicular to the axis of the mine tunnel and penetrating into the rock formation, and the number of the monitoring points is between 8 and 15.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present application, the microseismic information includes the frequency of microseismic events, the energy level of microseismic events, the location of rock mass deformation, and rock mass fracture information.

[0013] According to one aspect of the present application, a monitoring method is provided, which uses the above-mentioned mine monitoring and early warning system based on microseismic data acquisition, and the monitoring method further includes the following steps:

[0014] The internal monitoring displacement value Y is obtained based on the strain information, and the relative displacement value Y is calculated based on the following formula: DORM ;

[0015] Y DORM =Y / Y threshold

[0016] Where Y threshold is the displacement threshold, the maximum allowable displacement within the safety range;

[0017] The microseismic monitoring result M is calculated based on the microseismic information, and the relative value of microseismic activity M is calculated based on the following formula: DORM ;

[0018] M DORM =M / M threshold

[0019] Where M threshold is the microseismicity threshold, the maximum permissible microseismicity level within a safe range;

[0020] The comprehensive evaluation index of mine safety is calculated according to the following formula:

[0021] S=W Y ·Y DORM +W M ·M DORM

[0022] Where W Y is the weight of the displacement value, W M is the weight of the microseismic monitoring results.

[0023] According to some embodiments of the present application, the strain information includes position data of multiple measurement points, the position data includes first coordinate information and second coordinate information, and the step of deriving the internal monitoring displacement value Y according to the strain information further includes the following steps:

[0024] The internal monitoring displacement value Y is obtained according to a plurality of first coordinate information and second coordinate information by using a cubic spline interpolation method.

[0025] According to some embodiments of the present application, the calculating of the microseismic monitoring result M according to the microseismic information further includes the following steps:

[0026] The frequency f of the microseismic event and the energy level E of the microseismic event are analyzed according to the microseismic information, and the microseismic monitoring result M is calculated according to the following formula:

[0027] M=α*f+β*E

[0028] Where α is the weight coefficient of the frequency of microseismic events, and β is the weight coefficient of the energy level of microseismic events.

[0029] The present application provides a mine monitoring and early warning system and method based on microseismic data collection, wherein the mine monitoring and early warning system based on microseismic data collection mainly includes: a surface monitoring component, an internal monitoring component and a control component, which can realize real-time collection of surface data information, environmental data information, positioning data information, strain information and microseismic information. On the one hand, it can realize three-dimensional visualization of real-time changes in mines, and on the other hand, it can derive comprehensive mine safety evaluation indicators in real time based on strain information and microseismic information, and combine the two for comprehensive judgment to verify the accuracy of the comprehensive mine safety evaluation indicators.

[0030] The application of the above-mentioned scheme realizes all-round monitoring coverage from the ground to the underground, and improves the monitoring capability of the overall condition of the mine. The combination of microseismic sensors and displacement meters can accurately capture stress changes and small vibrations in the rock formations, providing a scientific basis for evaluating the stability of the mine structure. The three-dimensional visualization function based on a variety of monitoring data enables managers to intuitively understand the changes in the internal structure of the mine, comprehensively evaluate the safety of the mine, and provide a solid data foundation for the formulation of effective preventive measures, which is both efficient and preventive. This application effectively realizes the real-time combination of mine surface monitoring and rock formation monitoring, comprehensively judges the comprehensive evaluation indicators of mine safety, and improves the efficiency, timeliness and accuracy of coal mine safety monitoring.

[0031] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] The drawings herein are incorporated into the specification and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application, and together with the specification are used to explain the principles of the present application. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0033] Figure 1 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a mine monitoring and early warning system based on microseismic data collection provided by an embodiment of the present application during application is shown;

[0034] Figure 2 Shows Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cross-section of the mine monitoring and early warning system based on microseismic data acquisition.

[0035] The above drawings contain the following reference numerals:

[0036] 10. Surface monitoring component; 11. Dynamic and static integrated monitoring instrument; 12. Positioning receiver; 20. Internal monitoring component; 21. Monitoring section; 22. Displacement meter; 221. Axial force meter; 222. Multi-point displacement meter; 223. Roof separation meter; 23. Microseismic sensor; 24. Microseismic receiver. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0038] The disclosure below provides many different embodiments or examples to realize the different structures of the present application. In order to simplify the disclosure of the present application, the parts and settings of specific examples are described below. Of course, they are only examples, and the purpose is not to limit the present application. In addition, the application can repeat reference numbers and / or letters in different examples. This repetition is for the purpose of simplification and clarity, and does not itself indicate the relationship between the various embodiments and / or settings discussed.

[0039] For ease of description, spatial relative terms may be used in the text to describe the relative positional relationship or movement of an element or feature relative to another element or feature as shown in the figure, such as "inside", "outside", "inner side", "outer side", "below", "below", "above", "above", "front", "back", etc. Such spatial relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figure. For example, if the device in the figure undergoes a position flip or a posture change or a motion state change, then these directional indications also change accordingly, for example: an element described as "below other elements or features" or "below other elements or features" will subsequently be oriented as "above other elements or features" or "above other elements or features". Therefore, the example term "below..." may include both upper and lower orientations. The device may be further oriented and rotated 90 degrees or in other directions and the spatial relative descriptors used in the text are interpreted accordingly.

[0040] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, in the first aspect, in some exemplary embodiments of the present application, a mine monitoring and early warning system based on microseismic data acquisition is provided, which mainly includes: a surface monitoring component 10, an internal monitoring component 20 and a control component, the surface monitoring component 10 includes a dynamic and static integrated monitoring instrument 11, an environmental monitoring instrument and a positioning receiver 12, the dynamic and static integrated monitoring instrument 11 is used to collect surface data information of the mine, the environmental monitoring instrument is used to collect environmental data information of the mine, and the positioning receiver 12 is used to collect position data information of the dynamic and static integrated monitoring instrument 11 and positioning data information of the mine; the internal monitoring component 20 is provided with a plurality of monitoring devices along the depth direction perpendicular to the mine tunnel. Section 21, a plurality of displacement meters 22 and microseismic sensors 23 are arranged on the monitoring section 21, the displacement meter 22 is used to collect strain information in the rock formation, and the microseismic sensor 23 is used to collect microseismic information; the control component is respectively connected with the dynamic and static integrated monitoring instrument 11, the environmental monitoring instrument, the positioning receiver 12, the displacement meter 22 and the microseismic sensor 23 signal, the control component obtains the comprehensive evaluation index of mine safety in real time according to the strain information and the microseismic information, the control component realizes the three-dimensional visualization of the real-time changes of the mine according to the surface data information, the environmental data information, the positioning data information, the strain information and the microseismic information, and verifies the accuracy of the comprehensive evaluation index of mine safety.

[0041] By adopting the above-mentioned setting of the mine monitoring and early warning system based on microseismic data collection, it is possible to collect surface data information, environmental data information, positioning data information, strain information and microseismic information in real time. This system can not only realize the three-dimensional visualization of the real-time changes of the mine, but also obtain the comprehensive evaluation index of mine safety in real time based on the strain information and microseismic information. By combining the three-dimensional visualization results with the comprehensive safety evaluation index, the system can make more comprehensive and accurate judgments and verify the accuracy of the comprehensive evaluation index of mine safety.

[0042] Specifically, the implementation of the system has achieved all-round monitoring coverage from the ground to the underground, greatly improving the monitoring capabilities of the overall condition of the mine. The microseismic sensor 23 configured in the system is combined with the displacement meter 22 to accurately capture stress changes and micro-vibrations in the rock formation, providing an important scientific basis for evaluating the stability of the mine structure. Using these real-time collected data, the system uses three-dimensional visualization technology to enable managers to intuitively understand the changes in the internal structure of the mine, which not only improves the transparency of the monitoring work, but also facilitates further data analysis and decision support.

[0043] In addition, based on the 3D visualization function of various monitoring data, the system can comprehensively evaluate the safety status of the mine, provide early warnings for the dynamic trend of the mine, and provide a solid data foundation for the formulation of effective preventive measures. This solution not only takes into account efficiency - reducing the frequency and intensity of manual inspections, improving monitoring efficiency, and reducing operating costs; it is also preventive - through comprehensive analysis, the system helps to discover safety hazards in advance, thereby preventing accidents.

[0044] To sum up, this application effectively achieves the goal of combining mine surface monitoring and rock formation monitoring in real time. By comprehensively judging the comprehensive evaluation indicators of mine safety, it greatly improves the efficiency, timeliness and accuracy of coal mine safety monitoring, providing strong technical support for mine safety production.

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, in some exemplary embodiments of the present application, the dynamic and static integrated monitoring instrument 11 is a drone, including a crack inclinometer, and the surface data information includes acceleration, inclination, displacement data and other information on the mountain surface.

[0046] The dynamic and static integrated monitoring instrument 11 in the form of a drone not only improves the flexibility of the monitoring instrument, but also increases the scope and efficiency of data collection. The equipped crack inclinometer can accurately measure the angle change of cracks on the surface of the mountain, which is crucial for evaluating the stability of the slope. At the same time, the drone can also measure the acceleration of the mountain surface, which is of great significance for identifying potential landslides or other dynamic geological disasters. In addition, the drone can also record the displacement data of the mountain surface to help analyze whether the mountain has displaced or settled.

[0047] It is understandable that the surface data information collection by drones can provide more accurate surface data information of mountains. Compared with traditional satellite image collection, it has higher timeliness and accuracy. It can also obtain more accurate collection of complex mountain structures, which is convenient for subsequent analysis.

[0048] It should be pointed out in particular that the design of the dynamic and static integrated monitor 11 not only limits the location of the equipment and the dynamic and static collection status. For example, the monitor can not only realize data collection in a flying state, but also stay at a certain high point under specific conditions (such as after completing the task) to collect data information. Such a design means that the collection during the stay does not need to consume a lot of electricity, and sufficient collection can be achieved, reducing energy consumption. In addition, in the event of large changes in the mountain, the monitor can move away from the mountain in time to avoid damage caused by environmental changes. Compared with the traditional fixed positioning layout, this flexible and maneuverable design greatly reduces the cost of equipment loss, and the collection accuracy can also be fully guaranteed.

[0049] Furthermore, the positioning receiver 12 can receive signals from satellites to determine whether the mountain position information has changed significantly. This function makes the positioning receiver 12 an important auxiliary tool for the dynamic and static integrated monitor 11. It can serve as a transfer station for positioning information to help the monitor more accurately determine large-scale displacement changes on the mountain surface. In this way, not only the accuracy of the system's external surface data information collection is enhanced, but also more reliable data support is provided for mine safety warnings.

[0050] The combined use of the dynamic and static integrated monitoring instrument 11 and the positioning receiver 12 not only improves the flexibility and safety of data collection, but also enhances the accuracy and reliability of data, which is of great significance for timely discovery and prevention of potential mine safety issues.

[0051] The positioning receiver 12 can specifically be connected to the Beidou system or the GPS system to provide more accurate positioning information collection.

[0052] In some exemplary embodiments of the present application (not shown in the figure), the design of the environmental monitor includes a variety of sensors and technical means to ensure comprehensive acquisition of environmental data information. In particular, the environmental monitor includes a void water level meter, which is a device specifically used to measure the height of the groundwater level in a mining environment. Through the void water level meter, the system can monitor the changes in the groundwater level in real time, which is important for evaluating the hydrogeological conditions in the mining area.

[0053] Environmental data information is not limited to water level data, but also includes but is not limited to water temperature, water pressure and temperature data. The monitoring of these parameters is crucial to understanding the dynamic changes of the mine environment:

[0054] By monitoring water temperature changes, it is possible to assess groundwater flow and possible heat sources, which is useful for predicting geothermal activity or the risk of natural fires.

[0055] Monitoring water pressure can help understand the status of groundwater pressure, which is crucial for preventing mine flooding and evaluating the effectiveness of mine drainage systems.

[0056] In addition to water temperature, environmental monitors also collect air temperature data, which is very important for monitoring climate conditions inside the mine and helping to prevent safety hazards caused by abnormal temperatures.

[0057] Through the real-time collection and analysis of these environmental data information, the system can better understand and predict the changing trends of the mine environment. For example, the rise of groundwater levels may increase the risk of mine water inrush, while abnormal temperature increases may be a precursor to fires in the mine. Therefore, these data not only help the daily management of the mine, but also provide key information support in emergency situations, helping decision makers to take quick response measures.

[0058] In some exemplary embodiments of the present application (not shown in the figures), the distance between adjacent monitoring sections 21 is between 12m and 18m, and the displacement meter 22 extends into the rock layer between 20m and 30m in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the mine tunnel.

[0059] This setting is to ensure the continuity and integrity of the monitoring data, so that the monitoring system can effectively capture the details of the changes inside the rock formation. Too close a distance may lead to data redundancy, while too far a distance may miss important geological information.

[0060] In addition, the displacement meter 22 extends into the rock formation in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the mine tunnel, and its depth is set between 20 meters and 30 meters. Such a depth design is to ensure that the displacement meter can accurately measure the strain information inside the rock formation. Due to the complex internal structure of the mine, the pressure and stress distribution of the rocks at different depths are not the same, so choosing a suitable depth range is crucial for accurately evaluating the stability of the rock formation and the overall safety of the mine.

[0061] By reasonably setting the distance between adjacent monitoring sections 21 and the insertion depth of the displacement meter 22, the system can obtain as detailed and accurate internal information of the rock formation as possible without affecting the monitoring efficiency. Such a design can not only improve the quality of monitoring data, but also provide a more reliable basis for the safety assessment of the mine, thereby better ensuring the safety and stability of mine production.

[0062] In a specific embodiment, the distance between the monitoring sections 21 is 15 meters, and the displacement meter 22 extends into the rock layer about 25 meters in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the mine tunnel. At this distance setting, the system can fully capture the subtle changes inside the rock layer, providing reliable data support for the safety assessment of the mine, which not only helps to monitor the stability of the rock layer, but also can effectively warn of possible geological disasters, such as displacement and fracture of the rock layer.

[0063] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some exemplary embodiments of the present application, the displacement meter 22 includes an axial force meter 221, a multi-point displacement meter 222 and a roof separation meter 223, and the strain information includes rock formation deformation, stress change and displacement of the monitoring point. These sensors work together to provide rich data such as rock formation deformation, stress change and displacement of the monitoring point.

[0064] Specifically, the axial force meter 221 is mainly used to measure the axial force inside the rock formation, that is, the stress magnitude along a certain direction. The data of the axial force meter 221 can be used to analyze the stress state of the rock formation at different depths, which is of great significance for evaluating the stability of the rock formation and predicting possible displacement or rupture.

[0065] The multi-point displacement meter 222 can set multiple monitoring points at different depths of the rock formation and measure the displacement of these monitoring points at the same time, so as to form a three-dimensional displacement distribution map, which is helpful to identify whether there is uneven displacement or local stress concentration inside the rock formation.

[0066] The roof separation meter is mainly used to monitor the separation of the rock layers at the top of the mine. It can detect the relative displacement between the rock layers of the roof and promptly detect the possible loosening or detachment of the roof, which is crucial to prevent safety accidents such as roof collapse.

[0067] Furthermore, the axial force meter 221 specifically refers to an anchor cable axial force meter. The anchor cable axial force meter is a sensor specifically used to measure the axial force borne by the anchor cable in the rock formation. Its main function is to provide data on the internal stress state of the anchor cable during mine monitoring, which can more accurately grasp the stress distribution of the mine rock formation and provide strong technical support for mine safety management and accident prevention.

[0068] In some exemplary embodiments of the present application (not shown in the figure), along the direction perpendicular to the mine tunnel axis and deep into the rock formation, the multi-point displacement meter 222 forms a plurality of monitoring points, and the number of monitoring points is between 8 and 15. This arrangement can ensure comprehensive monitoring of the displacement of the rock formation at different depths, thereby providing more detailed and accurate data support.

[0069] It is understandable that more monitoring points make the data more refined, which helps to improve the accuracy of the monitoring system. By real-time monitoring of the displacement inside the rock formation, the system can issue early warnings in time to help mine managers take necessary preventive measures. Rich monitoring data provides a scientific basis for mine safety management and helps to formulate more reasonable mining plans and safety management strategies.

[0070] In some exemplary embodiments of the present application (not shown in the figures), the microseismic information includes the frequency of microseismic events, the energy level of microseismic events, the location of rock mass deformation and the fracture information of the rock mass.

[0071] The frequency and energy level of microseismic events are used to calculate the microseismic monitoring results. The accompanying rock deformation location and rock fracture information can effectively monitor the deformation and fracture of underground rocks to provide a reference for safe construction.

[0072] Understandably, data on the location of rock mass deformation can help researchers and managers determine which areas have deformation or stress concentrations and take targeted measures to enhance the stability of those areas.

[0073] Rock mass fracture information, including fracture location, size and fracture development trend, is of great value in assessing the integrity of the rock mass and predicting possible larger-scale geological disasters.

[0074] It can be understood that in the above-mentioned embodiments, the shortcomings of existing solutions such as data inconsistency, monitoring blind spots and low monitoring efficiency are effectively addressed, and a real-time internal and external monitoring solution is implemented. This not only improves the accuracy and foresight of monitoring and early warning, but also avoids the situation where abnormal situations occurring in blind spots cannot be discovered and handled in time, and has high practicality.

[0075] Therefore, the above embodiment has the following advantages:

[0076] The mine monitoring and early warning system based on microseismic data acquisition realizes the automatic monitoring of surface subsidence and strengthens the correlation between surface deformation and deformation in deep mining areas; it can grasp the evolution process of surface subsidence in the goaf area, reveal the coordinated deformation mechanism of the surface and the working face, and provide reliable data and scientific basis for the correct analysis, evaluation, prediction, forecast and control of surrounding rock deformation.

[0077] The mine monitoring and early warning system based on microseismic data collection has changed the situation of low correlation and poor data validity of existing monitoring equipment. Through the surface deformation sensing system, wireless sensing system and multi-information wireless communication module combined with microseismic monitoring three-dimensional visualization technology, it optimizes the data transmission method, realizes efficient and intelligent monitoring of ground pressure and displacement, accurately detects the internal structure of rock mass, and can make high-precision disaster analysis and early warning.

[0078] The mine monitoring and early warning system based on microseismic data collection can monitor the entire rock formation as a whole, realizing a monitoring mode from point to surface to body. It can accurately monitor the displacement and ground pressure changes of the entire rock formation, guide subsequent construction, and prevent geological disasters and engineering accidents caused by rock deformation.

[0079] In the second aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a monitoring method, which is applied to a mine monitoring and early warning system based on microseismic data collection as in any of the above embodiments. The beneficial effects of the mine monitoring and early warning system based on microseismic data collection can be found in the description of the above embodiments, which will not be repeated here. The monitoring method also includes the following steps:

[0080] First, the internal monitoring displacement value Y is obtained based on the strain information, and the relative displacement value Y is calculated according to the following formula: DORM ;

[0081] Y DORM =Y / Y threshold

[0082] Among them, Y thresholdis the displacement threshold, the maximum allowable displacement within the safety range; the relative displacement value Y DORM It represents the ratio of the actual displacement value Y to the safe displacement threshold, which can be used to measure whether the current displacement value is close to or exceeds the safe range.

[0083] Secondly, the microseismic monitoring result M is calculated based on the microseismic information, and the relative value of microseismic activity M is calculated according to the following formula: DORM ;

[0084] M DORM =M / M threshold

[0085] Among them, M threshold is the microseismic activity threshold, the maximum allowable microseismic activity level within the safety range; the relative value of microseismic activity M DORM It represents the ratio of the actual microseismic activity level to the safe microseismic activity threshold, and is also used to measure whether the current microseismic activity level is close to or exceeds the safe range.

[0086] Finally, according to the relative displacement value Y DORM , relative value of microseismic activity M DORM , and their respective weights, namely W Y and W M , use the following formula to calculate the comprehensive evaluation index of mine safety:

[0087] S=W Y ·Y DORM +W M ·M DORM

[0088] Where W Y is the weight of the displacement value, W M are the weights of the microseismic monitoring results. These two weights can be adjusted according to actual conditions to reflect the importance of different parameters in safety assessment.

[0089] Assume we have the following parameters:

[0090] Y DORM =0.5m

[0091] M DORM =100 times / month

[0092] W Y =0.6

[0093] W M =0.4

[0094] Assuming that in a certain monitoring, the internal monitoring displacement value Y = 0.3m, and the microseismic monitoring result M = 80 times / month, the final calculated comprehensive evaluation index of mine safety is S = 0.6*0.6+0.4*0.8 = 0.68. This value can be used to evaluate the current safety status of the mine. If S is close to or exceeds 1, it indicates that the safety of the mine may be at high risk and corresponding measures need to be taken to intervene.

[0095] Before obtaining the internal monitoring displacement value Y based on the strain information, it is necessary to start the dynamic and static integrated monitoring instrument 11, the environmental monitor, the positioning receiver 12, the displacement meter 22 and the microseismic sensor 23 to collect the corresponding surface data information, environmental data information, positioning data information, strain information and microseismic information, and use a high-frequency measurement method to obtain more accurate results.

[0096] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the strain information includes position data of multiple measurement points, the position data includes first coordinate information and second coordinate information, and obtaining the internal monitoring displacement value Y according to the strain information also includes the following steps:

[0097] The internal monitoring displacement value Y is obtained according to a plurality of first coordinate information and second coordinate information by using a cubic spline interpolation method.

[0098] In order to better understand the displacement changes inside the rock mass of the mine, the displacement inside the rock mass can be estimated by calculating the first and second order derivatives of the coordinate difference segments between adjacent measurement points and constructing a cubic spline interpolation function. The following are the specific steps and formulas:

[0099] Assume that there are n+1 known points, namely (x0,y0),(x1,y1),...,(x n ,y n ).

[0100] Calculate the first and second order derivatives of the difference segments of the first coordinate information and the second coordinate information of adjacent measurement points respectively:

[0101] Calculate the first-order derivative d of each difference segment i , where 0≤i≤n-1, is calculated by the following formula:

[0102] d i =(y i+1 –y i ) / (x i+1 -x i ),i=0,1,...,n-1

[0103] Calculate the second-order derivative d of each difference segment i 2 , where 0≤i≤n-2, is calculated by the following formula:

[0104] d i 2 =2*(d i+1 -d i ) / (x i+2 -x i ),i=0,1,...,n-2

[0105] Construct a cubic spline interpolation function:

[0106] For each difference segment i, where 0≤i≤n-1, construct a cubic polynomial:

[0107] S i,x =a i *(x i+1 -x)^3+b i *(xx i )^3+c i *(x i+1 -x)+d i *(xx i )

[0108] where x belongs to the interval [x i ,x i+1 ],a i ,b i ,c i ,d i is the coefficient to be determined.

[0109] Determine the coefficient to be calculated:

[0110] Determine the coefficients to be determined by boundary conditions:

[0111] a0=0

[0112] a n =0

[0113] c0=0

[0114] c n =0

[0115] By d i 2 To determine the coefficients to be sought:

[0116] h i =(x i+1 -x i ),i=0,1,...,n-1

[0117] u i =h i / (h i +h i+1 ),i=0,1,...,n-2

[0118] v i =1-u i ,i=0,1,...,n-2

[0119] λ i =6*(d i -d i-1 ) / (h i +h i-1 ),i=1,2,...,n-1

[0120] Using the continuity and smoothness requirements of the cubic spline interpolation function, the following set of equations is obtained:

[0121] 2*u i-1 *a i +(u i-1 +v i-1 )*b i +2*v i-1 *c i +λ i-1 =0,i=1,2,...,n-1

[0122] All the coefficients to be solved are obtained by elimination method or matrix inversion method.

[0123] Interpolation calculation:

[0124] For any unknown point x between known points xi and xi+1, use the corresponding cubic polynomial S i,x Perform interpolation calculations:

[0125] Y=S i,x

[0126] Through this method, the relevant displacement data of the monitoring point plane is first obtained, and then the displacement data of the entire rock mass is obtained. This method can provide a smoother and more continuous displacement curve, which helps to more accurately evaluate the displacement situation inside the rock mass.

[0127] Furthermore, in the technical solution of this embodiment, calculating the microseismic monitoring result M according to the microseismic information also includes the following steps:

[0128] The frequency f of microseismic events and the energy level E of microseismic events are analyzed based on the microseismic information, and the microseismic monitoring result M is calculated according to the following formula:

[0129] M=α*f+β*E

[0130] Where α is the weight coefficient of the frequency of microseismic events, and β is the weight coefficient of the energy level of microseismic events.

[0131] The frequency of microseismic events is expressed as the number of microseismic events that occur within a certain period of time (one day, one week or one month). The energy level E of microseismic events is expressed as the amount of energy released by each microseismic event, measured by indicators such as Richter magnitude, vibration velocity, acceleration or the cumulative value of energy release. α and β are weight coefficients, which are determined based on the specific conditions of the mine and historical data.

[0132] This embodiment combines the surface deformation sensing system, rock formation stress, displacement and microseismic monitoring to form an intelligent monitoring system that coordinates the surface and the inner surface of the mine tunnel. According to the specific engineering conditions, the comprehensive evaluation index of mine safety is used as the evaluation standard to realize online analysis and early warning of ground pressure and perform ground pressure control. The system first conducts program research and process research to complete the formulation of the overall monitoring plan, and builds a ground pressure monitoring and early warning system according to the monitoring plan to collect, store and process data, combine geological and production analysis monitoring data and improve the monitoring system. Then, ground pressure analysis and early warning are carried out and the overall monitoring plan is improved by collaborative operation cloud services. Data is collected again and the system is improved, and the intelligent monitoring system is realized in a reciprocating manner.

[0133] It should be understood that the present application does not limit its application to the detailed structure and arrangement of the components proposed in the present application. The present application can have other embodiments and can be implemented and executed in a variety of ways. The aforementioned variations and modifications fall within the scope of the present application. It should be understood that the present application disclosed and defined in the present application extends to all alternative combinations of two or more individual features mentioned or apparent in the text and / or the accompanying drawings. All these different combinations constitute multiple alternative aspects of the present application. The embodiments described in the present application illustrate the best mode known for implementing the present application and will enable those skilled in the art to utilize the present application.

Claims

1. A mine monitoring and early warning system based on microseismic data collection, characterized in that: include: A surface monitoring component (10) comprises a static and dynamic integrated monitoring instrument (11), an environmental monitoring instrument and a positioning receiver (12), wherein the static and dynamic integrated monitoring instrument (11) is used to collect surface data information of a mine, the environmental monitoring instrument is used to collect environmental data information of a mine, and the positioning receiver (12) is used to collect position data information of the static and dynamic integrated monitoring instrument (11) and positioning data information of the mine; An internal monitoring component (20) is provided with a plurality of monitoring sections (21) along a direction perpendicular to the depth of the mine tunnel, and a plurality of displacement meters (22) and microseismic sensors (23) are provided on the monitoring sections (21), wherein the displacement meters (22) are used to collect strain information in the rock formation, and the microseismic sensors (23) are used to collect microseismic information; A control component is respectively connected to the dynamic and static integrated monitoring instrument (11), the environmental monitoring instrument, the positioning receiver (12), the displacement meter (22) and the microseismic sensor (23) by signals. The control component obtains a comprehensive evaluation index of mine safety in real time according to the strain information and the microseismic information. The control component realizes three-dimensional visualization of real-time changes of the mine according to the surface data information, the environmental data information, the positioning data information, the strain information and the microseismic information, and verifies the accuracy of the comprehensive evaluation index of mine safety.

2. The mine monitoring and early warning system based on microseismic data acquisition according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The static and dynamic integrated monitoring instrument (11) is an unmanned aerial vehicle, comprising a crack inclinometer, and the surface data information comprises at least acceleration, inclination and displacement data of the mountain surface.

3. The mine monitoring and early warning system based on microseismic data acquisition according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The environmental monitoring instrument includes a void water level meter, and the environmental data information includes water temperature, water pressure, and temperature data.

4. The mine monitoring and early warning system based on microseismic data acquisition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The distance between adjacent monitoring sections (21) is between 12m and 18m, and the displacement meter (22) extends into the rock layer between 20m and 30m in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the mine tunnel.

5. The mine monitoring and early warning system based on microseismic data acquisition according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The displacement meter (22) comprises an axial force meter (221), a multi-point displacement meter (222) and a roof separation meter (223), and the strain information comprises rock formation deformation, stress change and displacement of monitoring points.

6. The mine monitoring and early warning system based on microseismic data acquisition according to claim 5 is characterized in that: Along the direction perpendicular to the axis of the mine tunnel and penetrating into the rock formation, the multi-point displacement meter (222) forms a plurality of monitoring points, and the number of the monitoring points is between 8 and 15.

7. The mine monitoring and early warning system based on microseismic data acquisition according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The microseismic information includes the frequency of microseismic events, the energy level of microseismic events, the deformation position of the rock mass and the fracture information of the rock mass.

8. A monitoring method, characterized in that: According to any one of claims 1 to 7, the mine monitoring and early warning system based on microseismic data collection is applied, and the monitoring method further comprises the following steps: The internal monitoring displacement value Y is obtained based on the strain information, and the relative displacement value Y is calculated based on the following formula: DORM ; AND DORM =Y / Y threshold Where Y threshold is the displacement threshold, the maximum allowable displacement within the safety range; The microseismic monitoring result M is calculated based on the microseismic information, and the relative value of microseismic activity M is calculated based on the following formula: DORM ; M DORM =M / M threshold Where M threshold is the microseismicity threshold, the maximum permissible microseismicity level within a safe range; The comprehensive evaluation index of mine safety is calculated according to the following formula: S=W Y ·Y DORM +W M ·M DORM Where W Y is the weight of the displacement value, W M is the weight of the microseismic monitoring results.

9. The monitoring method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The strain information includes position data of multiple measurement points, the position data includes first coordinate information and second coordinate information, and obtaining the internal monitoring displacement value Y according to the strain information also includes the following steps: The internal monitoring displacement value Y is obtained according to a plurality of first coordinate information and second coordinate information by using a cubic spline interpolation method.

10. The monitoring method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The calculating of the microseismic monitoring result M according to the microseismic information further comprises the following steps: The frequency f of the microseismic event and the energy level E of the microseismic event are analyzed according to the microseismic information, and the microseismic monitoring result M is calculated according to the following formula: M=α*f+β*E Where α is the weight coefficient of the frequency of microseismic events, and β is the weight coefficient of the energy level of microseismic events.

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