Display processing method and device

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a display processing method and device, and relates to the technical field of terminals. The method comprises the steps that when first power consumption is larger than or equal to second power consumption, M image layers in a target application are obtained, down-sampling processing is carried out on P preset image layers in the M image layers, P preset image layers after down-sampling are obtained, the P preset image layers after down-sampling and M-P first image layers are combined, and a target image is obtained. The electronic equipment can determine the maximum power consumption which can be borne by the electronic equipment according to the shell temperature, the environment temperature and the heat dissipation coefficient corresponding to the shell temperature, when the actual power consumption of the electronic equipment is larger than the maximum power consumption, downsampling processing is carried out on part of the layers in the target application, and the resolution ratio of the part of the layers is reduced. The power consumption of the target application during operation is reduced, and the image jamming condition is relieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of terminal technology, and in particular to a display processing method and device. Background Art

[0002] With the popularization and development of the Internet, the functional requirements of electronic devices are becoming more and more diversified. For example, when an electronic device runs a game application, the electronic device can allocate more system resources to ensure high-definition and smooth game screens.

[0003] Generally, gaming applications are high-power applications, which will generate a certain amount of heat during the running of gaming applications. Therefore, when the electronic device detects that the device temperature reaches a certain threshold, it can reduce the frequency of the central processing unit (CPU) and / or reduce the screen refresh rate to alleviate the heating during the running of the game.

[0004] However, the above method may cause screen freeze and other issues. Summary of the invention

[0005] The embodiments of the present application provide a display processing method and device, which are applied in the field of terminal technology and are used to improve the screen freeze caused by the running of game applications.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application proposes a display processing method, the method comprising: obtaining a first power consumption of an electronic device; when the first power consumption is greater than or equal to a second power consumption, obtaining M layers in a target application, downsampling P preset layers in the M layers, and obtaining P preset layers after downsampling, the second power consumption is related to a shell temperature of the electronic device, an ambient temperature of the electronic device, and a heat dissipation coefficient corresponding to the shell temperature, M and P are both integers greater than or equal to 1, and the target application is an application running in the foreground; merging the P preset layers after downsampling and MP first layers to obtain a target image, the MP first layers being layers in the M layers other than the P preset layers.

[0007] In an embodiment of the present application, the current current (or understood as the current current of the entire machine) can be determined as the first power consumption, the current parameter can be determined as the second power consumption, and the heat dissipation coefficient corresponding to the shell temperature can be the heat dissipation coefficient 1 described in the embodiment of the present application.

[0008] It can be understood that the electronic device can determine the maximum power consumption (such as the second power consumption) that the electronic device can bear based on the shell temperature, the ambient temperature, and the heat dissipation coefficient corresponding to the shell temperature. When the actual power consumption of the electronic device (such as the first power consumption) is greater than the maximum power consumption, some layers in the target application are downsampled. By reducing the resolution of some layers, the power consumption of the target application during operation is reduced, thereby alleviating screen freezes.

[0009] In a possible implementation, the second power consumption is positively correlated with the heat dissipation coefficient, the second power consumption is positively correlated with the housing temperature, and the second power consumption is negatively correlated with the ambient temperature.

[0010] In a possible implementation, the second power consumption includes a current parameter, the first power consumption includes a whole machine current of the electronic device, the current parameter is the product of a temperature difference and a heat dissipation coefficient, and the temperature difference is the difference between the housing temperature and the ambient temperature.

[0011] It can be understood that the current parameter can be understood as the maximum current that the electronic device can bear under the current shell temperature and ambient temperature. The electronic device can determine whether the device is in high power consumption by comparing the current parameter with the current current.

[0012] In a possible implementation, when the first power consumption is greater than or equal to the second power consumption, M layers in the target application are obtained, including: when the first power consumption is greater than or equal to the second power consumption and the target application is a preset application, M layers are obtained.

[0013] In this way, it can be ensured that the electronic device only processes the target application with high power consumption, so as to reduce the extra power consumption caused by executing the display processing method for other applications.

[0014] In a possible implementation, the electronic device includes: a libEGL instruction table, an instruction interception module, and a decision module, and the method further includes: after the target application is started, the libEGL instruction table obtains a rendering instruction related to the identifier of the target application; the instruction interception module obtains the rendering instruction from the libEGL instruction table; when the target application is a preset application, the instruction interception module intercepts the rendering instruction, generates a first instruction, and sends the first instruction to the decision module; obtaining the first power consumption of the electronic device includes: in response to the first instruction, the decision module obtains the first power consumption of the electronic device. Wherein, the first instruction can be the decision instruction described in the embodiment of the present application.

[0015] The electronic device can intercept the rendering instruction to prevent the rendering instruction from being sent directly to libEGL. After intercepting the rendering instruction, the electronic device can downsample P preset layers among the M layers, and through downsampling, alleviate the high power consumption caused by the image drawing and rendering process in the electronic device.

[0016] In a possible implementation, when the target application is a game application, the P preset layers include a layer with a game screen, and the MP first layers include a layer with control buttons.

[0017] It is understandable that electronic devices can reduce the high power consumption caused by the image drawing and rendering process by reducing the resolution of the game screen while ensuring that the clarity of the control buttons does not change.

[0018] In a possible implementation, downsampling is performed on P preset layers among the M layers, including: determining a ratio of the first power consumption to the second power consumption; and downsampling is performed on the P preset layers among the M layers based on the ratio.

[0019] It is understandable that for any layer among the P preset layers, the electronic device can reduce the dimension and complexity of the image data through downsampling processing, thereby accelerating the processing speed and reducing the power consumption caused by the image drawing process. In addition, the electronic device does not process the MP first layers, which can also ensure that the control buttons in the interface are in a clear state, thereby reducing the power consumption of the device without affecting the user's operation of the game.

[0020] Furthermore, the electronic device can perform down-sampling processing on the layers in a targeted manner by calculating the ratio, so as to ensure that the resolutions of the P preset layers after the down-sampling processing are within an appropriate range.

[0021] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application proposes a display processing method, the method comprising: obtaining a first power consumption of an electronic device; when the first power consumption is greater than or equal to a second power consumption, obtaining M layers in a target application, obtaining a first target layer from the M layers, separating a preset button from the first target layer, and obtaining a second target layer; downsampling the second target layer to obtain a downsampled second target layer, merging the downsampled second target layer and the preset button to obtain a target image, wherein the second power consumption is related to a shell temperature of the electronic device, an ambient temperature of the electronic device, and a heat dissipation coefficient corresponding to the shell temperature, and the target application is an application running in the foreground.

[0022] The first target layer may be layer 0 described in the embodiment of the present application, and the second target layer may be layer 1 described in the embodiment of the present application. The preset button may be the control button described in the embodiment of the present application.

[0023] It can be understood that the electronic device can determine the maximum power consumption (such as the second power consumption) that the electronic device can bear based on the shell temperature, the ambient temperature, and the heat dissipation coefficient corresponding to the shell temperature. When the actual power consumption of the electronic device (such as the first power consumption) is greater than the maximum power consumption, the layer other than the control button in the first target layer (i.e., the second target layer) is downsampled. By reducing the resolution of part of the screen in the layer, the power consumption of the target application during operation is reduced, thereby alleviating the screen freeze.

[0024] It can be understood that the contents described in any possible implementation of the first aspect can be applicable to the second aspect and will not be repeated here.

[0025] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a display processing device, which may be an electronic device or a chip or chip system in an electronic device. The display processing device may include a display unit and a processing unit. When the display processing device is an electronic device, the display unit may be a display screen. The display unit is used to perform the display step so that the electronic device implements a display processing method described in the first aspect (or the second aspect) or any possible implementation of the first aspect (or the second aspect). When the display processing device is an electronic device, the processing unit may be a processor. The display processing device may also include a storage unit, which may be a memory. The storage unit is used to store instructions, and the processing unit executes the instructions stored in the storage unit so that the electronic device implements a display processing method described in the first aspect (or the second aspect) or any possible implementation of the first aspect (or the second aspect). When the display processing device is a chip or chip system in an electronic device, the processing unit may be a processor. The processing unit executes the instructions stored in the storage unit so that the electronic device implements a display processing method described in the first aspect (or the second aspect) or any possible implementation of the first aspect (or the second aspect). The storage unit may be a storage unit within the chip (eg, a register, a cache, etc.), or a storage unit within the electronic device that is located outside the chip (eg, a read-only memory, a random access memory, etc.).

[0026] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, the electronic device comprising: one or more processors and a memory; the memory is coupled to the one or more processors, the memory is used to store computer program code, the computer program code comprises computer instructions, and the one or more processors call the computer instructions to enable the electronic device to execute the method described in the first aspect (or the second aspect) or any possible implementation of the first aspect (or the second aspect).

[0027] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, which includes computer instructions. When the computer instructions are executed on an electronic device, the electronic device executes the method described in the first aspect (or the second aspect) or any possible implementation of the first aspect (or the second aspect).

[0028] In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product comprising a computer program. When the computer program product comprises a computer program code, when the computer program code runs on an electronic device, the electronic device executes the method described in the first aspect (or the second aspect) or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect (or the second aspect).

[0029] In the seventh aspect, the present application provides a chip system, which is applied to an electronic device, and the chip system includes one or more processors, and the one or more processors are used to call computer instructions to enable the electronic device to execute the method described in the first aspect (or the second aspect) or any possible implementation of the first aspect (or the second aspect).

[0030] In a possible implementation, the chip system described above in the present application further includes at least one memory, in which instructions are stored. The memory may be a storage unit inside the chip system, such as a register, a cache, etc., or a storage unit of the chip system (e.g., a read-only memory, a random access memory, etc.).

[0031] It should be understood that the third to seventh aspects of the present application correspond to the technical solutions of the first aspect (or second aspect) of the present application, and the beneficial effects achieved by each aspect and the corresponding feasible implementation methods are similar and will not be repeated here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a scenario provided for an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the software structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of module interaction of a display processing method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a layer provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 6A flow chart of a display processing method is provided for an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of a display processing device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the hardware structure of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In the embodiments of the present application, words such as "first" and "second" are used to distinguish the same or similar items with substantially the same functions and effects. For example, the first chip and the second chip are only used to distinguish different chips, and their order is not limited. Those skilled in the art can understand that words such as "first" and "second" do not limit the quantity and execution order, and words such as "first" and "second" do not necessarily limit them to be different.

[0041] It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present application, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the present application should not be interpreted as being more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of words such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present related concepts in a specific way.

[0042] In the embodiments of the present application, "at least one" refers to one or more, and "plurality" refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the previous and next associated objects are in an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, c can be single or multiple.

[0043] The electronic devices described in the embodiments of the present application may also be referred to as terminals, user equipment (UE), mobile stations (MS), mobile terminals (MT), etc. The electronic devices may be mobile phones with touch screens, smart TVs, wearable devices, tablet computers (Pad), computers with wireless transceiver functions, virtual reality (VR) electronic devices, augmented reality (AR) electronic devices, etc. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific technologies and specific device forms used by the electronic devices.

[0044] As an example but not limitation, in the embodiment of the present application, the electronic device may also be a wearable device. A wearable device may also be called a wearable smart device, such as glasses, gloves, watches, clothing, and shoes.

[0045] The electronic device in the embodiments of the present application may also be referred to as: terminal equipment, user equipment (UE), mobile station (MS), mobile terminal (MT), access terminal, user unit, user station, mobile station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication equipment, user agent or user device, etc.

[0046] For example, Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a scenario provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 In the corresponding embodiments, an electronic device is taken as a mobile phone as an example for illustration, and this example does not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

[0047] In response to the user starting the battle interface in the game application, the electronic device displays the following Figure 1 The battle interface may include a game screen and control buttons. For example, the game screen may include one or more of the following: object 110, object 120, map 101, etc., and the control buttons may include one or more of the following: skill buttons in area 103 (such as the area shown in the dotted box), or move buttons 102, etc.

[0048] It can be understood that the interfaces displayed in the game application can be collectively referred to as the game interface, the battle interface can be a type of interface in the game interface, and other interface content can also be displayed in the game interface, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0049] The map 101 may display a small map corresponding to the game screen by default. In response to the user's triggering operation on the map 101, the electronic device enlarges the map displayed in the map 101. The skill button is used to control the game object to trigger a corresponding skill attack, and the skill button may include one or more of the following: skill 1 button, skill 2 button, skill 3 button, or ordinary skill button, etc. The movement button 102 is used to control the game object to move in different directions.

[0050] It is understandable that during the operation of game applications, electronic devices need to periodically perform tasks such as image drawing and rendering to ensure the optimal state of the game interface. Game applications can be understood as high-power applications. Power consumption is proportional to the heat generated by electronic devices. When users use game applications, as power consumption increases, the heat generated by the phone gradually increases.

[0051] Normally, when an electronic device detects that the temperature of the electronic device shell is greater than a certain threshold, it can reduce the heating of the mobile phone by reducing the supply of resources. Among them, the method of reducing the supply of resources may include one or more of the following: such as reducing the CPU frequency, reducing the screen refresh rate, or reducing the frame rate. However, the above-mentioned direct reduction of resource supply may cause the game screen to freeze.

[0052] In view of this, an embodiment of the present application provides a display processing method, so that the electronic device can determine the current parameters that the electronic device can bear based on the shell temperature, ambient temperature, and the heat dissipation coefficient corresponding to the shell temperature. When the actual current of the electronic device is greater than the current parameter, some layers (or some contents in the layers) in the game application are downsampled. By reducing the resolution of some layers (or some contents in the layers), the power consumption of the game application during operation is reduced, and the screen freeze is alleviated.

[0053] In order to better understand the embodiments of the present application, the structure of the electronic device of the embodiments of the present application is introduced below. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0054] The electronic device may include a processor 110, an external memory interface 120, an internal memory 121, a universal serial bus (USB) interface 130, a charging management module 140, a power management module 141, an antenna 1, an antenna 2, a mobile communication module 150, a wireless communication module 160, an audio module 170, a speaker 170A, a receiver 170B, a microphone 170C, an earphone interface 170D, a sensor module 180, a button 190, an indicator 192, a camera 193, and a display screen 194, etc.

[0055] In the embodiment of the present application, the sensor module 180 may include: a temperature sensor 1, a temperature sensor 2, and a current detection device. The temperature sensor 1 may be used to detect the housing temperature of the electronic device, the temperature sensor 2 may be used to detect the ambient temperature of the electronic device, and the current detection device may be used to detect the entire current of the electronic device. Among them, the current detection device may include: a battery fuel gauge and other devices.

[0056] The sensor module 180 may include one or more of the following: a pressure sensor, a gyroscope sensor, an air pressure sensor, a magnetic sensor, an acceleration sensor, a distance sensor, a proximity light sensor, a fingerprint sensor, a touch sensor, an ambient light sensor, or a bone conduction sensor ( Figure 2 (not shown) etc., which is not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0057] It is to be understood that the structure illustrated in the embodiments of the present application does not constitute a specific limitation on the electronic device. In other embodiments of the present application, the electronic device may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or split certain components, or arrange the components differently. The components shown in the figure may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware.

[0058] The processor 110 may include one or more processing units. Among them, different processing units may be independent devices or integrated into one or more processors. A memory may also be provided in the processor 110 for storing instructions and data. For example, the processor 110 is used to implement the steps performed in the display processing method provided in the embodiment of the present application, and to store instructions and data related to the display processing method.

[0059] The charging management module 140 is used to receive charging input from a charger, which may be a wireless charger or a wired charger. The power management module 141 is used to connect the charging management module 140 to the processor 110 .

[0060] The wireless communication function of the electronic device can be implemented through antenna 1, antenna 2, mobile communication module 150, wireless communication module 160, modem processor and baseband processor.

[0061] The electronic device implements the display function through a graphics processing unit (GPU), a display screen 194, and an application processor. The GPU is a microprocessor for image processing, which connects the display screen 194 and the application processor. The GPU is used to perform mathematical and geometric calculations for graphics rendering. For example, the GPU performs the layer rendering process in the display processing method.

[0062] The display screen 194 is used to display images, videos, etc. The display screen 194 includes a display panel. In some embodiments, the electronic device may include 1 or N display screens 194, where N is a positive integer greater than 1. For example, the display screen 194 is used to display a game screen in a game application.

[0063] The electronic device can realize the shooting function through ISP, camera 193, video codec, GPU, display screen 194 and application processor.

[0064] The camera 193 is used to capture still images or videos. In some embodiments, the electronic device may include 1 or N cameras 193, where N is a positive integer greater than 1.

[0065] The external memory interface 120 can be used to connect an external memory card, such as a Micro SD card, to expand the storage capacity of the electronic device. The internal memory 121 can be used to store computer executable program codes, and the executable program codes include instructions. The internal memory 121 can include a program storage area and a data storage area. For example, the internal memory 121 can be used to store executable program codes in the display processing method.

[0066] The electronic device can implement audio functions such as music playing and recording through the audio module 170, the speaker 170A, the receiver 170B, the microphone 170C, the headphone jack 170D, and the application processor.

[0067] The touch sensor can be set on the display screen 194, and the touch sensor and the display screen 194 form a touch screen, or a "touch screen".

[0068] The key 190 includes a power button, a volume button, etc. The key 190 may be a mechanical key. It may also be a touch key. The electronic device may receive key input and generate key signal input related to the user settings and function control of the electronic device. In some scenarios, the electronic device may also implement a photo operation in response to the user pressing one or more keys in the key 190. The specific method of the photo operation is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0069] The software system of the electronic device can adopt a layered architecture, an event-driven architecture, a micro-kernel architecture, a microservice architecture, or a cloud architecture, etc., which will not be elaborated here.

[0070] The following specific embodiments are used to describe in detail the technical solution of the present application and how the technical solution of the present application solves the above technical problems. The following specific embodiments can be implemented independently or in combination with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described in detail in some embodiments.

[0071] Figure 3A schematic diagram of the software structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0072] The layered architecture divides the system into several layers, each with clear roles and division of labor. The layers communicate with each other through software interfaces. In some embodiments, the system is divided into multiple layers, from top to bottom, including the application (APP) layer, the application framework layer (FWK), the system library (library, or lib for short), and the driver layer.

[0073] The application layer may include a series of application packages. In the embodiment of the present application, the application package may include: a target application, and the target application may include: a game application, etc.

[0074] The application framework layer provides an application programming interface (API) and a programming framework for the application programs in the application layer. The application framework layer includes some predefined functions. In the embodiment of the present application, the application framework layer may include a game identification module, which may be used to identify whether the application running in the foreground is a preset application. The meaning of the preset application can be found in Figure 4 Description in .

[0075] The system library can be understood as a collection of codes and instructions. The system library may include one or more of the following: lib embedded graphics library (EGL) instruction table, instruction interception module, decision module, layer processing module, libEGL, image verification module, temperature fitting module, hardware composer (HWC), display synthesis system (surface flinger), or power fitting module.

[0076] The libEGL instruction table may be a set of instructions defined in the libEGL library, which includes various operations and parameters used to describe the graphics rendering process. The electronic device may implement functions such as drawing basic graphics, setting rendering status, loading textures and models based on the libEGL instruction table. For example, the electronic device may obtain rendering instructions from the libEGL instruction table, and the GPU may implement rendering of the screen in response to the rendering instructions.

[0077] The instruction interception module can be used to intercept rendering instructions so that rendering instructions are not sent directly to libEGL by the direct libEGL instruction table. For example, after intercepting the rendering instructions, the instruction interception module can instruct the decision module through a decision instruction whether to perform layer processing.

[0078] The decision module can be used to decide whether to process a layer.

[0079] libEGL can be used to send the received layer to the GPU. The image verification module can be used to verify whether the power consumption of the electronic device is reduced.

[0080] The temperature fitting module can be used to determine the housing temperature based on the data detected by the temperature sensor 1 , and to determine the ambient temperature based on the data detected by the temperature sensor 2 .

[0081] HWC can be used to implement layer synthesis through hardware devices, such as synthesizing layers into the screen.

[0082] The display synthesis system can be used to receive layers from multiple modules and synthesize the multiple layers into one image. For example, the display synthesis system can synthesize multiple layers from the game interface and the layers composed of the prompt box. The prompt box can be used to prompt the user whether to connect to WIFI, etc., which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0083] The power consumption fitting module can be used to determine the whole machine current of the electronic device based on the data detected by the current detection device. The whole machine current may include Figure 4 The current described in .

[0084] The layer processing module can be used to implement layer processing such as layer separation, merging, and down sampling. For example, the layer processing module may include: a layer separation module, a layer merging module, and an amplitude adjustment module.

[0085] The layer separation module can be used to identify and separate different layers, or the layer separation module can also separate part of the screen in any layer. For example, the layer separation module can separate the control buttons in the game interface to obtain a layer containing only the game screen.

[0086] The amplitude adjustment module can be used to perform processing such as downsampling on the layer to reduce the resolution of the layer.

[0087] The layer merging module can merge the downsampled layers and control buttons into one layer, or merge multiple layers in the game interface.

[0088] In a possible implementation, the electronic device may also include a hardware abstraction layer (HAL), which is an interface layer between the application framework layer and the driver layer, and provides a virtual hardware platform for the operating system. In the embodiment of the present application, HWC, power consumption fitting module, and temperature fitting module can also be understood as modules spanning the system library and the hardware abstraction layer.

[0089] The driver layer is a layer between hardware and software, and the driver layer includes drivers for various hardware. The driver layer may include one or more of the following: GPU driver, display driver, current detection device driver, temperature sensor driver 1, and temperature sensor driver 2. Among them, the current detection device driver can be used to transfer the identified whole machine current to the decision module. Temperature sensor driver 1 can correspond to temperature sensor 1, and temperature sensor driver 1 can be used to transfer the identified shell temperature to the decision module. Temperature sensor driver 2 can correspond to temperature sensor 2, and temperature sensor driver 2 can be used to transfer the identified ambient temperature to the decision module.

[0090] It should be understood that the software architecture provided in the embodiments of the present application is merely an example and does not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

[0091] The following specific embodiments are used to describe in detail the technical solution of the present application and how the technical solution of the present application solves the above technical problems. The following specific embodiments can be implemented independently or in combination with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described in detail in some embodiments.

[0092] For example, Figure 4 A schematic diagram of module interaction of a display processing method provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 In the corresponding embodiment, the target application is a game application as an example to illustrate the electronic device, which does not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

[0093] The electronic device may include one or more of the following: game application, game recognition module, libEGL instruction table, instruction interception module, decision module, layer processing module, libEGL, or display synthesis system, etc. The functions of each module can be seen in Figure 3 The description in will not be repeated here.

[0094] like Figure 4 As shown, the display processing method may include the following steps:

[0095] S401: In response to a user's operation of starting a game application, a game identification module obtains a message for instructing to start the game application from the game application.

[0096] The message for instructing to start the game application may include: an identifier of the game application, which may be a package name or other identifier of the game application.

[0097] It is understandable that the game application identification module can actively detect the launched application and identify the application based on S402. Alternatively, the game application identification module can also identify the application based on S402 when receiving a message from the application (such as a message for instructing to launch the game application), which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.

[0098] S402: The game application identification module determines whether the game application is a preset application.

[0099] For example, the game application identification module can pre-acquire a whitelist from the memory, and the whitelist may include at least one identifier of a preset application. When the identifier of the game application is in the whitelist, the game application identification module executes the step shown in S403; or, when the identifier of the game application is not in the whitelist, the game application identification module ends the judgment. Alternatively, when the identifier of the game application is not in the whitelist, the game application identification module may also send a message indicating that the game application is not a preset application to the instruction interception module, which is not judged in the embodiment of the present application.

[0100] The preset application can be understood as an application that has multiple image processing processes such as graphics drawing and rendering.

[0101] S403: The instruction interception module obtains a message indicating that the game application is a preset application from the game identification module.

[0102] It is understandable that S403 can be a schematic diagram of the game identification module notifying the instruction interception module of the identification result. In a possible implementation, the game identification module can also notify the instruction interception module of the identification status of the game application through a flag. For example, when the instruction interception module obtains flag=1 from the game identification module, the instruction interception module can determine that the game application is a preset application, or when the instruction interception module does not obtain a message from the game identification module, the instruction interception module can determine that the game application is not a preset application.

[0103] S404. The libEGL instruction table obtains a message for instructing to start the game application from the game application.

[0104] S405, libEGL instruction table generates rendering instructions.

[0105] Exemplarily, in response to a message for instructing to start a game application, the libEGL instruction table may determine that the game application is started, and then the libEGL instruction table may periodically generate rendering instructions to enable the electronic device to render the game screen, etc. For example, the libEGL instruction table may obtain a rendering instruction corresponding to the identifier of the game application. The rendering instruction may include: an instruction set for rendering the game screen, and the number of instructions included in the instruction set may be one or more.

[0106] S406: The instruction interception module obtains rendering instructions from the libEGL instruction table.

[0107] It is understandable that, in general, the libEGL instruction table can send rendering instructions to libEGL, so that libEGL processes the game interface. In the embodiment of the present application, a new instruction interception module can be added so that the instruction interception module can obtain the rendering instruction and determine whether to intercept the rendering instruction based on S407.

[0108] S407: When the game application is a message of a preset application, the instruction interception module intercepts the rendering instruction and generates a decision instruction.

[0109] The decision instruction can be used to instruct the decision module to decide whether to process the game interface.

[0110] In a possible implementation, when the instruction interception module does not receive a message that the game application is a preset application after a period of time after receiving the rendering instruction, the instruction interception module may send the rendering instruction to libEGL.

[0111] It is understandable that after the instruction interception module generates the decision instruction, the rendering instruction and the interception instruction can be sent to the decision module, and the rendering instruction can be sent to the GPU along the steps shown in S411, S414, and S415. The GPU can execute the layer rendering step in response to the rendering instruction.

[0112] S408: The decision module obtains a decision instruction from the instruction interception module.

[0113] S409, in response to the decision instruction, the decision module calculates the target coefficient using the current current, the housing temperature, the ambient temperature, and the heat dissipation coefficient 1.

[0114] The current current can be the whole machine current reported by the power consumption fitting module. The current parameter can be understood as the maximum current that the electronic device can bear under the current shell temperature and ambient temperature under ideal conditions. The shell temperature and ambient temperature can be reported by the temperature fitting module, and the heat dissipation coefficient 1 can be determined based on the shell temperature and the heat dissipation coefficient table. The heat dissipation coefficient table may include: the corresponding relationship between the shell temperature and the heat dissipation coefficient.

[0115] Target coefficient = current parameter / current current, current parameter = (casing temperature - ambient temperature) * heat dissipation coefficient 1.

[0116] Among them, the current parameter is positively correlated with the heat dissipation coefficient 1, the current parameter is positively correlated with the shell temperature, and the current parameter is negatively correlated with the ambient temperature.

[0117] It can be understood that if the current current is greater than or equal to the current parameter, it can be understood that the power consumption of the current device is too high, and certain processing is required to reduce the power consumption of the device. If the current current is less than the current parameter, it can be understood that the power consumption of the current device is normal, and no power reduction processing is required. Among them, determining the power consumption based on the current can be one implementation, and the electronic device can also determine the power consumption based on other parameters, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0118] S410: The decision module determines whether to process the game interface based on the target coefficient.

[0119] When the decision module determines that the target coefficient is greater than 1 (or the current current is less than the current parameter), the decision module determines not to process the game interface, and then executes the steps shown in S416. Alternatively, when the decision module determines that the target coefficient is less than or equal to 1 (or it is understood that the current current is greater than or equal to the current parameter), or the target coefficient is less than or equal to 1 and the target coefficient is greater than the first threshold, the decision module determines to process the game interface, and then executes the steps shown in S411-S413.

[0120] It is understandable that, since the embodiment of the present application can use the target coefficient to reduce the screen resolution, the problem of excessive power consumption can be alleviated. However, too low a resolution will affect the user experience, so the present solution can increase the setting of the first threshold to ensure that the game interface can be at a suitable resolution even through downsampling. In a possible implementation, when the target coefficient is less than or equal to the first threshold, the decision module can execute other strategies to reduce power consumption.

[0121] Among them, the game interface can be understood as an interface including M layers, and the game interface can be obtained by superimposing M layers.

[0122] S411, the layer processing module obtains the layer processing instruction from the decision module.

[0123] The layer processing instruction is used to instruct the layer processing module to perform layer processing on the game interface.

[0124] For example, Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a layer provided in an embodiment of the present application, Figure 5 The layers described in the figure are for illustration only and do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present application. Figure 5A can be a schematic diagram of the game interface. The content displayed in the game interface can be found in Figure 1 Description in .

[0125] In the game interface, the game screen and the control buttons can be set in one layer, or the game screen and the control buttons can also be set in different layers.

[0126] In one implementation, when the game screen and the control buttons are set in one layer (such as layer 0), Figure 5 A can be a representation of layer 0. Figure 5 B is layer 1 obtained by separating the electronic device from the control button from layer 0. The content contained in the control button can be found in Figure 5 C. In this scenario, the electronic device may process the layer based on the steps shown in S412.

[0127] In another implementation, when the game screen and the control buttons are set in different layers, Figure 5 The game interface shown in A may be composed of M layers. Figure 5 B can be a layer used to display the game screen. Figure 5 C may be a layer for displaying control buttons. The electronic device may perform layer processing based on the steps shown in S413. It is understandable that the game screen may be composed of P layers, and the M layers may also include: Figure 5 Layers other than B that contain game screens, and layers other than Figure 5 The other layers including control buttons other than C are not limited in the embodiments of the present application. P and M are both integers greater than or equal to 1.

[0128] S412, the layer processing module obtains layer 0, separates layer 1 and control buttons from layer 0, performs downsampling processing on layer 1, and merges the downsampled layer 1 and control buttons to obtain layer 2.

[0129] Exemplarily, the layer separation module can obtain layer 0 and the identifier corresponding to the pre-stored control button from the M layers. The layer separation module can use the identifier corresponding to the control button to separate layer 1 and the control button from layer 0. The amplitude adjustment module can perform downsampling processing on layer 1. The layer merging module merges the downsampled layer 1 and the control button to obtain layer 2. Then the layer merging module executes S414 and sends layer 2 to libEGL. S413, the layer processing module obtains P preset layers from the M layers, performs downsampling processing on the P preset layers, merges the MP first layers and the processed P preset layers, and obtains layer 2.

[0130] The MP first layers may be other layers in the M layers except the P preset layers, and the MP first layers may include: a layer where a control button is located.

[0131] The preset layers may include: layers for displaying game screens, etc. Figure 5 The layer described in B. The number of preset layers may be 1 or more. In different game applications, the preset layers may be different, so the electronic device may pre-store a first correspondence between the identifier of the game application and the identifier of the preset layer (such as the layer name).

[0132] For example, the layer separation module can determine the identifier of the preset layer from the first corresponding relationship, and separate P preset layers from the M layers according to the identifier of the preset layer. The amplitude adjustment module performs downsampling processing on each layer in the P preset layers according to the target coefficient to obtain the processed P preset layers. The layer merging module merges the MP first layers and the processed P preset layers to obtain layer 2.

[0133] After the electronic device performs downsampling processing on each of the P preset layers according to the target coefficient, the ratio of the resolution of the P preset layers after the processing to the resolution of the P preset layers before the processing can be the target coefficient. Alternatively, the layer processing module can also perform downsampling processing on the P preset layers according to a preset rule, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application. Downsampling processing is used to convert a high-resolution image into a low-resolution image.

[0134] It is understandable that for any layer in the P preset layers, the electronic device can reduce the dimension and complexity of the image data through downsampling processing, thereby accelerating the processing speed of subsequent image drawing and rendering, and reducing the power consumption caused by the image drawing and rendering process. In addition, the electronic device does not process the MP first layers, which can also ensure that the control buttons in the interface are in a clear state, thereby reducing the power consumption of the device without affecting the user's operation of the game.

[0135] Understandably, the downsampling method may be an example of reducing device power consumption in game applications, and does not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

[0136] In a possible implementation, the electronic device may also pre-store the identifier of the game application and the identifier of the layer where the control button is located, and obtain P preset layers with the game screen by removing the layer where the control button is located from the M layers. The specific layer separation, downsampling and merging process will not be described in detail here.

[0137] In a possible implementation, after S412 or S413, the electronic device may also determine the number of draw calls (or drawcalls or instructions) based on the image verification module, and determine the CPU load through the drawcalls. The power consumption 1 of the device is determined based on the CPU load, and then the power consumption 1 is compared with the current current of the electronic device to determine whether the power consumption is reduced after the layer processing.

[0138] S414. libEGL obtains layer 2 from the layer processing module.

[0139] S415. GPU obtains layer 2 from libEGL.

[0140] S416. The GPU renders layer 2 to obtain a rendered layer 2.

[0141] S417, surface flinger obtains the rendered layer 2 from libEGL.

[0142] S418, surface flinger synthesizes layer 3 and rendered layer 2 to obtain a target image.

[0143] It is understandable that layer 3 may be a layer generated by other applications or systems, etc., and this is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0144] Without including layer 3, surface flinger can also generate a target image based on the rendered layer 2.

[0145] After S418, the electronic device can perform other image processing operations on the target image based on HWC and display driver, and then display it in the game application.

[0146] S419. libEGL obtains the game interface (M layers) from the decision module.

[0147] After S419, libEGL may send the game interface (M layers) to the surface flinger for layer synthesis.

[0148] It is understandable that the electronic device can periodically execute the steps shown in S402-S419 to ensure low power consumption during the operation of the game application. The period can be every frame, every 1 second, etc.

[0149] Based on this, an embodiment of the present application provides a display processing method, and the electronic device can determine the current parameters that the electronic device can bear based on the shell temperature, ambient temperature, and the heat dissipation coefficient corresponding to the shell temperature. When the actual current of the electronic device is greater than the current parameter, some layers (or some contents in the layers) in the game application are downsampled. By reducing the resolution of some layers (or some contents in the layers), the power consumption of the game application during operation is reduced, and the screen freeze is alleviated.

[0150] exist Figure 4 Based on the described embodiments, Figure 6 An embodiment of the present application provides a flow chart of a display processing method.

[0151] like Figure 6 As shown, the display processing method may include the following steps:

[0152] S601: The electronic device obtains a first power consumption.

[0153] In the embodiment of the present application, the current current can be used as the power consumption of the electronic device, that is, the first power consumption.

[0154] S602: When the first power consumption is greater than or equal to the second power consumption, the electronic device obtains M layers in the target application, and downsamples P preset layers among the M layers to obtain P downsampled preset layers.

[0155] In the embodiment of the present application, the current parameter can be used as the second power consumption.

[0156] The second power consumption is related to the housing temperature of the electronic device, the ambient temperature of the electronic device, and the heat dissipation coefficient corresponding to the housing temperature, where M and P are both integers greater than or equal to 1, and the target application is the application running in the foreground. The heat dissipation coefficient corresponding to the housing temperature may be the heat dissipation coefficient 1 described in the embodiment of the present application.

[0157] The steps of the electronic device acquiring P preset layers and performing down-sampling processing on the P preset layers can be referred to the description in S412, which will not be repeated here.

[0158] S603: The electronic device merges the down-sampled P preset layers and the MP first layers to obtain a target image.

[0159] Among them, the MP first layers are layers other than the P preset layers in the M layers.

[0160] It should be noted that the module names involved in the embodiments of the present application can be defined as other names as long as the functions of each module can be achieved, and there is no specific restriction on the names of the modules.

[0161] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, stored data, displayed data, etc.) involved in the embodiments of the present application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties, and the collection, use and processing of relevant data must comply with the relevant laws, regulations and standards of the relevant countries and regions, and provide corresponding operation entrances for users to choose to authorize or refuse.

[0162] The display processing method of the embodiment of the present application has been described above, and the device for executing the above method provided by the embodiment of the present application is described below. Those skilled in the art can understand that the method and the device can be combined and referenced with each other, and the relevant device provided by the embodiment of the present application can execute the steps in the above list sorting method.

[0163] like Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of a display processing device provided in an embodiment of the present application. The display processing device may be an electronic device in an embodiment of the present application, or a chip or chip system in an electronic device.

[0164] like Figure 7 As shown, the display processing device 700 can be used in a communication device, a circuit, a hardware component or a chip. The display processing device 700 includes: a display unit 701 and a processing unit 702.

[0165] The display unit 701 is used to support the display step performed by the display device. The processing unit 702 is used to support the display processing device 700 to perform information processing steps.

[0166] In a possible implementation, the display processing device 700 may further include a communication unit 703, and the communication unit 703 is used to support the display processing device 700 to perform steps such as receiving or sending a message.

[0167] The display processing devices described in the embodiments of the present application may include Figure 7 The units described in the corresponding embodiments.

[0168] Specifically, the processing unit 702 and the display unit 701 may be integrated together, and the processing unit 702 and the display unit 701 may communicate with each other.

[0169] In a possible implementation, the display processing device 700 may further include: a storage unit 704. The storage unit 704 may include one or more memories, and the memory may be a device in one or more devices or circuits for storing programs or data.

[0170] The storage unit 704 may exist independently and be connected to the processing unit 702 via a communication bus. The storage unit 704 may also be integrated with the processing unit 702.

[0171] Taking the display processing device 700 as an example, which can be a chip or chip system of an electronic device in an embodiment of the present application, the storage unit 704 can store computer execution instructions of the method of the electronic device, so that the processing unit 702 executes the method of the electronic device in the above embodiment. The storage unit 704 can be a register, a cache, or a random access memory (RAM), etc. The storage unit 704 can be integrated with the processing unit 702. The storage unit 704 can be a read-only memory (ROM) or other types of static storage devices that can store static information and instructions, and the storage unit 704 can be independent of the processing unit 702.

[0172] In a possible implementation, the display processing device 700 may further include: a communication unit 703. The communication unit 703 is used to support the display processing device 700 to interact with other devices. Exemplarily, when the display processing device 700 is an electronic device, the communication unit 703 may be a communication interface or an interface circuit. When the display processing device 700 is a chip or a chip system in an electronic device, the communication unit 703 may be a communication interface. For example, the communication interface may be an input / output interface, a pin or a circuit, etc.

[0173] The device of this embodiment can be used to execute the steps executed in the above method embodiment. Its implementation principle and technical effects are similar and will not be described in detail here.

[0174] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the hardware structure of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0175] The electronic device includes a processor 801, a communication circuit 804 and at least one communication interface ( Figure 8 The communication interface 803 is used as an example for explanation).

[0176] The processor 801 may be a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits for controlling the execution of the program of the present application.

[0177] Communications link 804 may include circuitry to transmit information between the above-described components.

[0178] The communication interface 803 uses any transceiver or other device for communicating with other devices or communication networks, such as Ethernet, wireless local area networks (WLAN), etc.

[0179] Possibly, the electronic device may further include a memory 802 .

[0180] The memory 802 may be a read-only memory (ROM) or other types of static storage devices that can store static information and instructions, a random access memory (RAM) or other types of dynamic storage devices that can store information and instructions, or an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disc storage, an optical disc storage (including a compressed optical disc, a laser disc, an optical disc, a digital versatile disc, a Blu-ray disc, etc.), a magnetic disk storage medium or other magnetic storage device, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store the desired program code in the form of an instruction or data structure and can be accessed by a computer, but is not limited thereto. The memory may exist independently and be connected to the processor via a communication line 804. The memory may also be integrated with the processor.

[0181] The memory 802 is used to store computer-executable instructions for executing the solution of the present application, and the execution is controlled by the processor 801. The processor 801 is used to execute the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory 802, thereby implementing the method provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0182] Possibly, the computer-executable instructions in the embodiments of the present application may also be referred to as application code, and the embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit this.

[0183] In a specific implementation, as an embodiment, the processor 801 may include one or more CPUs, such as Figure 8 CPU0 and CPU1 in.

[0184] In a specific implementation, as an embodiment, the electronic device may include multiple processors, such as Figure 8801 and processor 805 in the embodiment of the present invention. Each of these processors may be a single-CPU processor or a multi-CPU processor. The processor herein may refer to one or more devices, circuits, and / or processing cores for processing data (e.g., computer program instructions).

[0185] The display processing method provided in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to electronic devices with communication functions. The electronic devices include terminal devices, and the specific device form of the terminal devices can refer to the above related descriptions, which will not be repeated here.

[0186] An embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, which includes: a processor and a memory; the memory stores computer-executable instructions; the processor executes the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory, so that the electronic device executes the above method.

[0187] The embodiment of the present application provides a chip. The chip includes a processor, and the processor is used to call a computer program in a memory to execute the technical solution in the above embodiment. Its implementation principle and technical effect are similar to those of the above related embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0188] The embodiments of the present application also provide a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program. The above method is implemented when the computer program is executed by the processor. The method described in the above embodiment can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the function can be stored as one or more instructions or codes on a computer-readable medium or transmitted on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media can include computer storage media and communication media, and can also include any medium that can transfer a computer program from one place to another. The storage medium can be any target medium that can be accessed by a computer.

[0189] In one possible implementation, a computer-readable medium may include RAM, ROM, compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disk storage, disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that is intended to carry or store the required program code in the form of instructions or data structures and can be accessed by a computer. Moreover, any connection is appropriately referred to as a computer-readable medium. For example, if a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) or wireless technology (such as infrared, radio and microwave) is used to transmit software from a website, server or other remote source, the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL or wireless technology such as infrared, radio and microwave are included in the definition of medium. Disks and optical disks as used herein include optical disks, laser disks, optical disks, digital versatile disks (DVD), floppy disks and Blu-ray disks, where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while optical disks reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above should also be included in the scope of computer-readable media.

[0190] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program. When the computer program is executed, the computer executes the above method.

[0191] The embodiments of the present application are described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or box in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processing unit of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processing unit of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0192] The above specific implementation methods further illustrate the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above are only specific implementation methods of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made on the basis of the technical solutions of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A display processing method, characterized in that: Applied to electronic equipment, the method comprises: Acquire a first power consumption of the electronic device; When the first power consumption is greater than or equal to the second power consumption, M layers in the target application are acquired, and P preset layers in the M layers are downsampled to obtain the downsampled P preset layers, wherein the second power consumption is related to the housing temperature of the electronic device, the ambient temperature of the electronic device, and the heat dissipation coefficient corresponding to the housing temperature, the M and the P are both integers greater than or equal to 1, and the target application is an application running in the foreground; The down-sampled P preset layers and the MP first layers are merged to obtain a target image, where the MP first layers are layers among the M layers except the P preset layers.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second power consumption is positively correlated with the heat dissipation coefficient, the second power consumption is positively correlated with the housing temperature, and the second power consumption is negatively correlated with the ambient temperature.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The second power consumption includes a current parameter, the first power consumption includes a whole machine current of the electronic device, the current parameter is the product of a temperature difference and the heat dissipation coefficient, and the temperature difference is the difference between the housing temperature and the ambient temperature.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: When the first power consumption is greater than or equal to the second power consumption, acquiring M layers in the target application includes: When the first power consumption is greater than or equal to the second power consumption and the target application is a preset application, the M layers are acquired.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The downsampling of P preset layers among the M layers includes: determining a ratio of the first power consumption to the second power consumption; Downsampling processing is performed on P preset layers among the M layers based on the ratio.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The electronic device includes: a libEGL instruction table, an instruction interception module, and a decision module, and the method further includes: After the target application is started, the libEGL instruction table obtains rendering instructions related to the identifier of the target application; The instruction interception module obtains the rendering instruction from the libEGL instruction table; When the target application is a preset application, the instruction interception module intercepts the rendering instruction, generates a first instruction, and sends the first instruction to the decision module; Acquiring the first power consumption of the electronic device includes: in response to the first instruction, the decision module acquiring the first power consumption of the electronic device.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that When the target application is a game application, the P preset layers include a layer with a game screen, and the MP first layers include a layer with control buttons.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that: The electronic device comprises: one or more processors and a memory; The memory is coupled to the one or more processors, and the memory is used to store computer program codes, wherein the computer program codes include computer instructions, and the one or more processors call the computer instructions to enable the electronic device to perform the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. A chip system, characterized in that: The chip system is applied to an electronic device, and the chip system includes one or more processors, and the one or more processors are used to call computer instructions so that the electronic device executes the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium comprises computer instructions, and when the computer instructions are executed on an electronic device, the electronic device executes the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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