Broadband wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna unit based on medium remodeling and antenna

Abstract

The invention discloses a dielectric remodeling-based broadband wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna unit and antenna, and belongs to the technical field of antenna engineering, and the antenna unit comprises a metal floor, a dielectric layer, a microstrip layer, a dielectric loading layer, a parasitic layer, an air slot, a metal column, a metal wall, a concave metal baffle plate and a coaxial feed which are sequentially stacked, the concave metal baffle is connected with the metal floor, a rectangular microstrip is printed on the microstrip layer, the rectangular microstrip is connected with the coaxial feed to form L-shaped feed, rectangular electric dipoles are printed on the two sides of the rectangular microstrip, one end of each rectangular electric dipole is connected with the metal floor through a metal column, and the other end of each rectangular electric dipole is connected with the coaxial feed. The other end of the rectangular electric dipole is connected with the metal wall, the length of the metal wall is equal to that of the long side of the rectangular electric dipole, and the length direction of the metal wall is parallel to that of the long side of the rectangular micro-strip. The phased-array antenna has the characteristics of low profile, broadband, wide-angle scanning impedance matching and stable radiation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of antenna engineering technology, and in particular to a wide-bandwidth and angle-scanning phased array antenna unit and an antenna based on dielectric reshaping. Background Art

[0002] With the development of modern wireless communication technology, phased array antennas are widely used in wireless communication systems due to their advantages of high gain, low sidelobe and beam scanning. However, traditional phased array antennas have the disadvantages of narrow bandwidth, wide-angle scanning impedance mismatch or narrow beam scanning range.

[0003] A Chinese patent document with publication number CN117977197A and publication date May 3, 2024 discloses a low-profile phased array antenna for ultra-wideband and ultra-wide angle scanning, which is composed of a plurality of antenna units arranged periodically; characterized in that the antenna unit includes a transverse dielectric plate, a longitudinal dielectric plate, a transverse metal floor and a standard SMA connector arranged in sequence from top to bottom; The upper surface of the transverse dielectric plate is provided with periodically arranged metal patch units to form an electromagnetic metasurface; The front side of the longitudinal dielectric plate is provided with a first metal layer, and the back side is provided with a second metal layer; The first metal layer includes an L-shaped microstrip feed line, a fan-shaped open-circuit patch, and two rectangular coupling metal sheets; one end of the L-shaped microstrip feed line is connected to an SMA connector, and the other end is connected to the fan-shaped open-circuit patch; the fan-shaped open-circuit patch couples energy into the gradient slot line on the back; The second metal layer is a left-right mirror-symmetrical structure, including a metal ground part and a dipole part; the metal ground part is provided with a circular groove, and the metal ground parts in adjacent antenna units are connected to each other; the dipole part is composed of two dipole arms and a gradient groove line located between the two dipole arms; the outer boundary line of the starting end of the dipole arm is in a gradient form, so that the starting end of the dipole arm constitutes a gradient transition structure, and a linear gap is provided between the dipole arms of adjacent antenna units; a rectangular metal connecting patch connecting the dipole arms on both sides is provided in the linear gap.

[0004] The patent document discloses a low-profile phased array antenna with ultra-wideband and ultra-wide angle scanning. By loading rectangular metal connection patches between antenna units, it utilizes the strong coupling between antenna units and improves the current continuity between antenna units, and loads an electromagnetic metasurface on the top to achieve wide-angle scanning of a tightly coupled phased array. The antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 78% and a two-dimensional scanning angle coverage of ±70°.

[0005] However, due to the structural design of the circular slots and gradient slot lines of the antenna unit and the top electromagnetic metasurface loading, its cross-sectional height is as high as 0.22λ, and the antenna has poor low-profile properties. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a wide-bandwidth and angle-scanning phased array antenna unit and antenna based on dielectric reshaping. The phased array antenna of the present invention has low profile, broadband, wide-angle scanning impedance matching and stable radiation characteristics.

[0007] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A wideband angular scanning phased array antenna unit based on dielectric reshaping comprises a metal floor, a dielectric layer, a microstrip layer, a dielectric loading layer, a parasitic layer, an air slot, a metal column, a metal wall, a concave metal baffle and a coaxial feed which are stacked in sequence, wherein the concave metal baffle is connected to the metal floor, the microstrip layer is printed with a rectangular microstrip, the rectangular microstrip is connected to the coaxial feed to form an L-type feed, rectangular electric dipoles are printed on both sides of the rectangular microstrip, one end of the rectangular electric dipole is connected to the metal floor through a metal column, and the other end of the rectangular electric dipole is connected to the metal wall, the length of the metal wall is equal to the long side of the rectangular electric dipole, and the length direction of the metal wall is parallel to the long side of the rectangular microstrip.

[0008] The dielectric loading layer covers the microstrip layer, and the length direction of the dielectric loading layer is the same as the length direction of the dielectric layer.

[0009] The parasitic layer includes a long rectangular patch and four rectangular patches. The long rectangular patch has the same width as the rectangular microstrip. The projection of the long rectangular patch on the microstrip layer is parallel to and partially overlaps with the rectangular microstrip.

[0010] The length direction of the rectangular patch is the same as that of the rectangular electric dipole, the width direction of the rectangular patch is the same as that of the rectangular electric dipole, and the projection of the rectangular patch on the microstrip layer partially overlaps with the rectangular electric dipole.

[0011] The air groove comprises a cylindrical groove and a concave groove, and the cylindrical groove extends from the microstrip layer to the metal floor.

[0012] The concave groove extends from the microstrip layer to the metal floor, and the length direction of the concave groove is the same as the length direction of the dielectric loading layer.

[0013] The concave metal baffle is provided with a small groove, which is located at the center of the concave metal baffle.

[0014] A wide bandwidth and angular scanning phased array antenna based on dielectric reshaping includes 64 phased array antenna units, the 64 phased array antenna units are arranged in 8×8, the spacing between any two adjacent phased array antenna units is 12.5 mm, and the cross-sectional thickness of the phased array antenna is 3.9 mm.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are mainly manifested in the following aspects: 1. Compared with the prior art, the phased array antenna of the present invention has low profile, broadband, wide-angle scanning impedance matching and stable radiation characteristics.

[0016] 2. In the present invention, the dielectric loading layer covers the microstrip layer, and the length direction of the dielectric loading layer is the same as the length direction of the dielectric layer. The dielectric loading layer is equivalent to a parallel capacitive susceptance, which can offset the susceptance change caused by the scanning of the phased array antenna itself. Compared with the dielectric loading layer that completely covers the phased array antenna, it does not affect the edge radiation performance of the rectangular electric dipole, and can also reduce the backward radiation of the array. The dielectric loading layer is used to eliminate the influence of a part of the floor short circuit, broaden the bandwidth of the phased array, and achieve wide-angle impedance matching and broadband characteristics.

[0017] 3. In the present invention, the parasitic layer includes an elongated rectangular patch and four rectangular patches. The elongated rectangular patch is equal in width to the rectangular microstrip. The projection of the elongated rectangular patch on the microstrip layer is parallel to and partially overlaps with the rectangular microstrip. The four rectangular patches are coupled with the rectangular electric dipole of the microstrip layer, which can enhance the top radiation and reduce the backward radiation, thereby widening the beam and bandwidth and realizing wide bandwidth angular scanning. The elongated rectangular patch is coupled with the rectangular microstrip feeder of the microstrip layer, and by changing the edge current intensity of the rectangular microstrip feeder and the rectangular electric dipole, the electric field collision of the rectangular electric dipole near the edge of the rectangular microstrip feeder is weakened, the radiation performance of the radiating edge of the rectangular electric dipole is enhanced, and the susceptance change brought by the rectangular microstrip feeder under array scanning is offset, thereby realizing wide-angle impedance matching and wide bandwidth angular scanning characteristics.

[0018] 4. The present invention connects the rectangular electric dipole and the metal floor through a metal column to form a magnetic dipole, and the metal column and the rectangular electric dipole are perpendicular to each other, so that the rectangular electric dipole and the magnetic dipole can broaden and equalize the beams in the azimuth and elevation planes through the complementary principle of electromagnetic dipoles.

[0019] 5. The present invention can weaken the coupling of space waves and surface waves between units by setting a concave metal baffle, and the concave metal baffle will introduce a vertical current, so that the top radiation beam width is further widened by superposition of the directional pattern, thereby realizing phased array wide-angle scanning.

[0020] 6. In the present invention, the air slot includes a cylindrical slot and a concave slot. The cylindrical slot extends from the microstrip layer to the metal floor. The cylindrical slot is loaded on the azimuth plane unit and the center position of the unit spacing in the array, thereby reshaping the dielectric structure of the azimuth plane, making the edge current of the azimuth plane of the rectangular patch of the antenna unit evenly distributed, and the beam shape remains stable, thereby realizing phased array wide-angle scanning.

[0021] 7. In the present invention, the concave groove extends from the microstrip layer to the metal floor, the length direction of the concave groove is the same as the length direction of the dielectric loading layer, the concave groove is loaded at the center position of the pitch surface unit and the unit spacing in the array, and after the square structure of the dielectric layer is reshaped by the square groove of the pitch surface, the center groove of the unit array spacing can weaken the direct coupling of surface waves between the units and widen the frequency band. The concave structure at the bottom can reduce the influence of the dielectric at both ends of the concave metal baffle between the arrays on the current intensity and distribution of the concave metal baffle, making the current intensity and distribution more uniform.

[0022] 8. In the present invention, a small groove is provided on the concave metal baffle, and the small groove is located at the center of the concave metal baffle. By providing the small groove at the center of the concave metal baffle, the strong coupling current in the middle of the concave metal baffle can be eliminated, the isolation can be improved and the frequency band can be widened, and the wide-angle impedance matching and broadband characteristics of the array can be achieved.

[0023] 9. Compared with the Chinese patent document with publication number CN117977197A and publication date May 3, 2024, the electromagnetic dipole of the present invention has a highly equalized beam pattern in the two-dimensional direction, and the two-dimensional scanning characteristics have good consistency during array scanning.

[0024] 10. Compared with the tightly coupled phased array, the present invention achieves wide bandwidth and angle scanning characteristics by weakening the coupling effect between units and improving the current distribution of the units themselves. By adopting electromagnetic dipoles, the two-dimensional beam has a highly equalized characteristic. When the array is scanned in two dimensions, it can achieve higher beam consistency and lower profile height of only 0.096λ.

[0025] 11. Compared with the tightly coupled phased array loaded by circular slots, gradient slot lines and electromagnetic metamaterials, the electromagnetic dipole adopted in the present invention makes the profile height lower. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementations, wherein: Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the phased array antenna unit of the present invention; Figure 2 A top view of the phased array antenna unit of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the phased array antenna of the present invention; Figure 4 is a top view of the phased array antenna of the present invention; Figure 5 The curve diagram of active standing wave obtained by simulating phased array antenna and its change with operating frequency; Figure 6 The radiation pattern of the phased array antenna of the present invention when scanning in the pitch plane; Figure 7 It is the radiation pattern of the phased array antenna of the present invention when scanning in the azimuth plane.

[0027] Markings in the figure: 1. Metal floor, 2. Dielectric layer, 3. Microstrip layer, 4. Dielectric loading layer, 5. Parasitic layer, 6. Air slot, 7. Metal column, 8. Metal wall, 9. Concave metal baffle, 10. Coaxial feed, 11. Rectangular microstrip, 12. Rectangular electric dipole, 13. Long rectangular patch, 14. Rectangular patch, 15. Cylindrical slot, 16. Concave slot, 17. Small slot. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] Example 1 See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 A wide-bandwidth angular scanning phased array antenna unit based on dielectric reshaping includes a metal floor 1, a dielectric layer 2, a microstrip layer 3, a dielectric loading layer 4, a parasitic layer 5, an air slot 6, a metal column 7, a metal wall 8, a concave metal baffle 9 and a coaxial feed 10 which are stacked in sequence, wherein the concave metal baffle 9 is connected to the metal floor 1, the microstrip layer 3 is printed with a rectangular microstrip 11, the rectangular microstrip 11 is connected to the coaxial feed 10 to form an L-type feed, rectangular electric dipoles 12 are printed on both sides of the rectangular microstrip 11, one end of the rectangular electric dipole 12 is connected to the metal floor 1 through a metal column 7, and the other end of the rectangular electric dipole 12 is connected to the metal wall 8, the length of the metal wall 8 is equal to the long side of the rectangular electric dipole 12, and the length direction of the metal wall 8 is parallel to the long side of the rectangular microstrip 11.

[0029] This embodiment is the most basic implementation method. Compared with the prior art, the phased array antenna has low profile, broadband, wide-angle scanning impedance matching and stable radiation characteristics.

[0030] Example 2 See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 A wide-bandwidth angular scanning phased array antenna unit based on dielectric reshaping includes a metal floor 1, a dielectric layer 2, a microstrip layer 3, a dielectric loading layer 4, a parasitic layer 5, an air slot 6, a metal column 7, a metal wall 8, a concave metal baffle 9 and a coaxial feed 10 which are stacked in sequence, wherein the concave metal baffle 9 is connected to the metal floor 1, the microstrip layer 3 is printed with a rectangular microstrip 11, the rectangular microstrip 11 is connected to the coaxial feed 10 to form an L-type feed, rectangular electric dipoles 12 are printed on both sides of the rectangular microstrip 11, one end of the rectangular electric dipole 12 is connected to the metal floor 1 through a metal column 7, and the other end of the rectangular electric dipole 12 is connected to the metal wall 8, the length of the metal wall 8 is equal to the long side of the rectangular electric dipole 12, and the length direction of the metal wall 8 is parallel to the long side of the rectangular microstrip 11.

[0031] Preferably, the dielectric loading layer 4 covers the microstrip layer 3 , and the length direction of the dielectric loading layer 4 is the same as the length direction of the dielectric layer 2 .

[0032] This embodiment is a preferred implementation mode, in which the dielectric loading layer 4 covers the microstrip layer 3, and the length direction of the dielectric loading layer 4 is the same as the length direction of the dielectric layer 2. The dielectric loading layer 4 is equivalent to a parallel capacitive susceptance, which can offset the susceptance change caused by the scanning of the phased array antenna itself. Compared with the dielectric loading layer 4 that completely covers the phased array antenna, it does not affect the edge radiation performance of the rectangular electric dipole 12, and can also reduce the backward radiation of the array. The dielectric loading layer 4 is used to eliminate the influence of a part of the floor short circuit, broaden the bandwidth of the phased array, and achieve wide-angle impedance matching and broadband characteristics.

[0033] Example 3 See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 A wide-bandwidth angular scanning phased array antenna unit based on dielectric reshaping includes a metal floor 1, a dielectric layer 2, a microstrip layer 3, a dielectric loading layer 4, a parasitic layer 5, an air slot 6, a metal column 7, a metal wall 8, a concave metal baffle 9 and a coaxial feed 10 which are stacked in sequence, wherein the concave metal baffle 9 is connected to the metal floor 1, the microstrip layer 3 is printed with a rectangular microstrip 11, the rectangular microstrip 11 is connected to the coaxial feed 10 to form an L-type feed, rectangular electric dipoles 12 are printed on both sides of the rectangular microstrip 11, one end of the rectangular electric dipole 12 is connected to the metal floor 1 through a metal column 7, and the other end of the rectangular electric dipole 12 is connected to the metal wall 8, the length of the metal wall 8 is equal to the long side of the rectangular electric dipole 12, and the length direction of the metal wall 8 is parallel to the long side of the rectangular microstrip 11.

[0034] The dielectric loading layer 4 covers the microstrip layer 3 , and the length direction of the dielectric loading layer 4 is the same as the length direction of the dielectric layer 2 .

[0035] The parasitic layer 5 includes a long rectangular patch 13 and four rectangular patches 14 . The long rectangular patch 13 has the same width as the rectangular microstrip 11 . The projection of the long rectangular patch 13 on the microstrip layer 3 is parallel to and partially overlaps with the rectangular microstrip 11 .

[0036] This embodiment is another preferred implementation mode, the parasitic layer 5 includes a long rectangular patch 13 and four rectangular patches 14, the long rectangular patch 13 is of the same width as the rectangular microstrip 11, the projection of the long rectangular patch 13 on the microstrip layer 3 is parallel to the rectangular microstrip 11 and partially overlaps, the four rectangular patches 14 are coupled with the rectangular electric dipole 12 of the microstrip layer 3, which can enhance the top radiation and reduce the backward radiation, thereby widening the beam and bandwidth, and realizing wide-bandwidth angular scanning; the long rectangular patch 13 is coupled with the rectangular microstrip 11 feeder of the microstrip layer 3, and by changing the edge current intensity of the rectangular microstrip 11 feeder and the rectangular electric dipole 12, the electric field collision of the rectangular electric dipole 12 close to the edge of the rectangular microstrip 11 feeder is weakened, the radiation performance of the radiating edge of the rectangular electric dipole 12 is enhanced, and the susceptance change brought by the rectangular microstrip 11 feeder under array scanning is offset, so as to realize wide-angle impedance matching and wide-bandwidth angular scanning characteristics.

[0037] Example 4 See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 A wide-bandwidth angular scanning phased array antenna unit based on dielectric reshaping includes a metal floor 1, a dielectric layer 2, a microstrip layer 3, a dielectric loading layer 4, a parasitic layer 5, an air slot 6, a metal column 7, a metal wall 8, a concave metal baffle 9 and a coaxial feed 10 which are stacked in sequence, wherein the concave metal baffle 9 is connected to the metal floor 1, the microstrip layer 3 is printed with a rectangular microstrip 11, the rectangular microstrip 11 is connected to the coaxial feed 10 to form an L-type feed, rectangular electric dipoles 12 are printed on both sides of the rectangular microstrip 11, one end of the rectangular electric dipole 12 is connected to the metal floor 1 through a metal column 7, and the other end of the rectangular electric dipole 12 is connected to the metal wall 8, the length of the metal wall 8 is equal to the long side of the rectangular electric dipole 12, and the length direction of the metal wall 8 is parallel to the long side of the rectangular microstrip 11.

[0038] The dielectric loading layer 4 covers the microstrip layer 3 , and the length direction of the dielectric loading layer 4 is the same as the length direction of the dielectric layer 2 .

[0039] The parasitic layer 5 includes a long rectangular patch 13 and four rectangular patches 14 . The long rectangular patch 13 has the same width as the rectangular microstrip 11 . The projection of the long rectangular patch 13 on the microstrip layer 3 is parallel to and partially overlaps with the rectangular microstrip 11 .

[0040] Further preferably, the length direction of the rectangular patch 14 is the same as the length direction of the rectangular electric dipole 12 , the width direction of the rectangular patch 14 is the same as the width direction of the rectangular electric dipole 12 , and the projection of the rectangular patch 14 on the microstrip layer 3 partially overlaps with the rectangular electric dipole 12 .

[0041] The air groove 6 includes a cylindrical groove 15 and a concave groove 16 , and the cylindrical groove 15 extends from the microstrip layer 3 to the metal floor 1 .

[0042] The concave groove 16 extends from the microstrip layer 3 to the metal floor 1 , and the length direction of the concave groove 16 is the same as the length direction of the dielectric loading layer 4 .

[0043] This embodiment is another preferred implementation method, in which the rectangular electric dipole 12 and the metal floor 1 are connected by a metal column 7 to form a magnetic dipole, and the metal column 7 and the rectangular electric dipole 12 are perpendicular to each other, so that the rectangular electric dipole 12 and the magnetic dipole can broaden and equalize the beams in the azimuth and elevation planes through the complementary principle of electromagnetic dipoles.

[0044] By setting the concave metal baffle 9, the spatial wave and surface wave coupling between the units can be weakened, and the concave metal baffle 9 will introduce a vertical current, so that the top radiation beam width is further widened through the superposition of the directional pattern, thereby realizing phased array wide-angle scanning.

[0045] The air slot 6 includes a cylindrical slot 15 and a concave slot 16. The cylindrical slot 15 extends from the microstrip layer 3 to the metal floor 1. The cylindrical slot 15 is loaded at the center position of the azimuth plane unit and the unit spacing in the array, thereby reshaping the dielectric structure of the azimuth plane, so that the azimuth plane edge current of the antenna unit rectangular patch 14 is evenly distributed, the beam shape remains stable, and the phased array wide-angle scanning is realized.

[0046] The concave groove 16 extends from the microstrip layer 3 to the metal floor 1. The length direction of the concave groove 16 is the same as the length direction of the dielectric loading layer 4. The concave groove 16 is loaded at the center position of the pitch surface unit and the unit spacing in the array. After the square structure of the dielectric layer 2 is reshaped by the square groove on the pitch surface, the center groove of the unit array spacing can weaken the direct coupling of surface waves between the units and widen the frequency band. The concave structure at the bottom can reduce the influence of the dielectric at both ends of the concave metal baffle 9 between the arrays on the current intensity and distribution of the concave metal baffle 9, making the current intensity and distribution more uniform.

[0047] Example 5 See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 A wide-bandwidth angular scanning phased array antenna unit based on dielectric reshaping includes a metal floor 1, a dielectric layer 2, a microstrip layer 3, a dielectric loading layer 4, a parasitic layer 5, an air slot 6, a metal column 7, a metal wall 8, a concave metal baffle 9 and a coaxial feed 10 which are stacked in sequence, wherein the concave metal baffle 9 is connected to the metal floor 1, the microstrip layer 3 is printed with a rectangular microstrip 11, the rectangular microstrip 11 is connected to the coaxial feed 10 to form an L-type feed, rectangular electric dipoles 12 are printed on both sides of the rectangular microstrip 11, one end of the rectangular electric dipole 12 is connected to the metal floor 1 through a metal column 7, and the other end of the rectangular electric dipole 12 is connected to the metal wall 8, the length of the metal wall 8 is equal to the long side of the rectangular electric dipole 12, and the length direction of the metal wall 8 is parallel to the long side of the rectangular microstrip 11.

[0048] The dielectric loading layer 4 covers the microstrip layer 3 , and the length direction of the dielectric loading layer 4 is the same as the length direction of the dielectric layer 2 .

[0049] The parasitic layer 5 includes a long rectangular patch 13 and four rectangular patches 14 . The long rectangular patch 13 has the same width as the rectangular microstrip 11 . The projection of the long rectangular patch 13 on the microstrip layer 3 is parallel to and partially overlaps with the rectangular microstrip 11 .

[0050] The length direction of the rectangular patch 14 is the same as that of the rectangular electric dipole 12 , the width direction of the rectangular patch 14 is the same as that of the rectangular electric dipole 12 , and the projection of the rectangular patch 14 on the microstrip layer 3 partially overlaps with the rectangular electric dipole 12 .

[0051] The air groove 6 includes a cylindrical groove 15 and a concave groove 16 , and the cylindrical groove 15 extends from the microstrip layer 3 to the metal floor 1 .

[0052] The concave groove 16 extends from the microstrip layer 3 to the metal floor 1 , and the length direction of the concave groove 16 is the same as the length direction of the dielectric loading layer 4 .

[0053] The concave metal baffle plate 9 is provided with a small groove 17 , and the small groove 17 is located at the center of the concave metal baffle plate 9 .

[0054] This embodiment is another preferred implementation method. A small groove 17 is opened on the concave metal baffle 9, and the small groove 17 is located at the center of the concave metal baffle 9. By setting the small groove 17 at the center of the concave metal baffle 9, the strong coupling current in the middle of the concave metal baffle 9 can be eliminated, the isolation is improved and the frequency band is widened, so as to achieve wide-angle impedance matching and broadband characteristics of the array.

[0055] Example 6 See also Figure 1-Figure 4 A wide bandwidth angle scanning phased array antenna based on dielectric reshaping includes 64 phased array antenna units, the 64 phased array antenna units are arranged in 8×8, the spacing between any two adjacent phased array antenna units is 12.5mm, and the cross-sectional thickness of the phased array antenna is 3.9mm.

[0056] This embodiment is the best implementation method. Compared with the Chinese patent document with publication number CN117977197A and publication date May 3, 2024, the electromagnetic dipole has a highly equalized beam pattern in the two-dimensional direction, and the two-dimensional scanning characteristics have good consistency during array scanning.

[0057] Compared with the tightly coupled phased array, the coupling effect between units is weakened and the current distribution of the unit itself is improved to achieve wide bandwidth and wide angle scanning characteristics. By adopting electromagnetic dipoles, the two-dimensional beam has a highly equalized characteristic. The array can achieve high beam consistency and low profile height of only 0.096λ during two-dimensional scanning.

[0058] Compared with tightly coupled phased arrays loaded by circular slots, gradient slot lines and electromagnetic metamaterials, the use of electromagnetic dipoles makes the profile height lower.

[0059] The specific process of reducing the coupling between units in the array is as follows: By loading the metal wall 8 to extend the length of the rectangular electric dipole 12, the distance between the radiating rectangular patches 14 is shortened, and the spatial wave coupling between the radiating rectangular patches 14 is reduced. By loading the concave metal baffle 9 between the units, the spatial wave and surface wave coupling between the units is weakened, and the strong coupling current in the middle of the concave metal baffle 9 is eliminated through the small groove 17 in the center of the concave metal baffle 9, which can improve isolation and widen the frequency band, thereby realizing wide-angle impedance matching and broadband characteristics of the array.

[0060] The cylindrical slot 15 is loaded at the center of the azimuth plane unit and the unit spacing in the array, reshaping the dielectric structure of the azimuth plane, so that the edge current of the azimuth plane of the antenna unit rectangular patch 14 is evenly distributed, the beam shape remains stable, and the phased array wide-angle scanning is realized. The concave slot 16 extends from the microstrip layer 3 to the metal floor 1. The length direction of the concave slot 16 is the same as the length direction of the dielectric loading layer 4. The concave slot 16 is loaded at the center of the pitch plane unit and the unit spacing in the array. After the square structure of the dielectric layer 2 is reshaped by the square slot of the pitch plane, the center slot of the unit array spacing can weaken the direct coupling of the surface waves between the units and widen the frequency band. The concave structure at the bottom can reduce the influence of the dielectric at both ends of the concave metal baffle 9 between the arrays on the current intensity and distribution of the concave metal baffle 9, making the current intensity and distribution more uniform. Wide-angle impedance matching is achieved by reshaping the structure of the dielectric layer 2.

[0061] The active standing wave and antenna pattern of the phased array antenna are simulated and tested using simulation software and test methods. The test results are shown in Figure 5-Figure 7 ; from Figure 5 It can be seen from the simulation results that the phased array antenna has a normal and azimuth angle in the 8-12Ghz operating frequency band. , the pitch angle of the pitch plane The active standing waves when scanning to 60° are all below 2.5, showing good broadband and wide-angle impedance matching characteristics.

[0062] from Figure 6 and Figure 7It can be seen that the gain only drops by 3dB when the elevation and azimuth planes are scanned to ±60°, which has good two-dimensional wide-angle scanning characteristics.

Claims

1. A wide-bandwidth angular scanning phased array antenna unit based on dielectric reshaping, comprising a metal floor (1), a dielectric layer (2), a microstrip layer (3), a dielectric loading layer (4) and a parasitic layer (5) stacked in sequence, characterized in that: The invention also comprises an air slot (6), a metal column (7), a metal wall (8), a concave metal baffle (9) and a coaxial feed (10), wherein the concave metal baffle (9) is connected to the metal floor (1), the microstrip layer (3) is printed with a rectangular microstrip (11), the rectangular microstrip (11) is connected to the coaxial feed (10) to form an L-type feed, and rectangular electric dipoles (12) are printed on both sides of the rectangular microstrip (11), one end of the rectangular electric dipole (12) is connected to the metal floor (1) through the metal column (7), and the other end of the rectangular electric dipole (12) is connected to the metal wall (8), the length of the metal wall (8) is equal to the long side of the rectangular electric dipole (12), and the length direction of the metal wall (8) is parallel to the long side of the rectangular microstrip (11).

2. The wide bandwidth angular scanning phased array antenna unit based on dielectric reshaping according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric loading layer (4) covers the microstrip layer (3), and the length direction of the dielectric loading layer (4) is the same as the length direction of the dielectric layer (2).

3. The wide bandwidth angle scanning phased array antenna unit based on dielectric reshaping according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parasitic layer (5) comprises a long rectangular patch (13) and four rectangular patches (14); the long rectangular patch (13) has the same width as the rectangular microstrip (11); and the projection of the long rectangular patch (13) on the microstrip layer (3) is parallel to and partially overlaps with the rectangular microstrip (11).

4. The wide bandwidth angular scanning phased array antenna unit based on dielectric reshaping according to claim 3, characterized in that: The length direction of the rectangular patch (14) is the same as the length direction of the rectangular electric dipole (12), the width direction of the rectangular patch (14) is the same as the width direction of the rectangular electric dipole (12), and the projection of the rectangular patch (14) on the microstrip layer (3) partially overlaps with the rectangular electric dipole (12).

5. The wide bandwidth angle scanning phased array antenna unit based on dielectric reshaping according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air groove (6) comprises a cylindrical groove (15) and a concave groove (16), and the cylindrical groove (15) extends from the microstrip layer (3) toward the metal floor (1).

6. The wide bandwidth angle scanning phased array antenna unit based on dielectric reshaping according to claim 5, characterized in that: The concave groove (16) extends from the microstrip layer (3) toward the metal floor (1), and the length direction of the concave groove (16) is the same as the length direction of the dielectric loading layer (4).

7. The wide bandwidth angular scanning phased array antenna unit based on dielectric reshaping according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concave metal baffle plate (9) is provided with a small groove (17), and the small groove (17) is located at the center of the concave metal baffle plate (9).

8. A wide bandwidth angular scanning phased array antenna based on dielectric reshaping, using the phased array antenna unit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: It includes 64 phased array antenna units, which are arranged in 8×8. The spacing between any two adjacent phased array antenna units is 12.5 mm, and the cross-sectional thickness of the phased array antenna is 3.9 mm.

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