Display substrate, preparation method thereof and display device

Abstract

According to the display substrate, the preparation method of the display substrate and the display device, the refraction layer is arranged between the light emitting unit and the light shielding layer, and the refraction layer can refract the incident light emitted to the side wall of the light shielding layer from the light emitting unit, so that part of the incident light is emitted out from the opening; in this way, the number of incident light rays shielded by the light shielding layer can be reduced, the number of light rays emitted from the opening is increased, and then the display brightness of the display substrate is increased; meanwhile, even if incident light with a large incident angle is refracted on the refraction layer, the refracted light is still shielded by the shading layer and cannot be emitted out of the display substrate, so that the shading layer can shield the part of large-angle emitted light to realize peep-proof display, and therefore, the display substrate disclosed by the invention can realize the peep-proof display on the basis of realizing the peep-proof display; and the light emitting brightness of the display substrate is further increased, so that the display effect is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of display technology, and in particular to a display substrate and a preparation method thereof, and a display device. Background Art

[0002] As the application of display devices becomes more and more widespread, users have found that although display devices in a shared state can effectively share information with people around them, this also brings some security risks. For example, in special circumstances, when users need to enter private information or view business contracts, they hope to have privacy to prevent the content displayed on the display panel from being seen by others. This display state is usually called anti-peeping state. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of the present application is to provide a display substrate and a manufacturing method thereof, and a display device.

[0004] Based on the above objectives, the first aspect of the present application provides a display substrate, including:

[0005] Driver substrate;

[0006] A plurality of light-emitting units are arranged at intervals on the driving substrate;

[0007] a refractive layer, located on the light-emitting unit;

[0008] A light shielding layer, located on the refractive layer, wherein the light shielding layer comprises a plurality of openings;

[0009] The refraction layer is configured to refract incident light emitted from the light emitting unit to the side wall of the light shielding layer, so that part of the incident light is emitted from the opening.

[0010] Optionally, the refractive layer is made of a negative refractive index material, and the refractive index of the negative refractive index material is a negative number.

[0011] Optionally, an encapsulation layer is further included, the encapsulation layer is located on a side of the refraction layer close to the driving substrate and covers the plurality of light-emitting units, and the refractive index of the refraction layer is greater than the refractive index of the encapsulation layer.

[0012] Optionally, the thickness of the refractive layer is negatively correlated with the refractive index of the refractive layer.

[0013] Optionally, the plurality of openings correspond one-to-one to the plurality of light-emitting units, and the opening includes a first opening end, the first opening end is arranged away from the driving substrate, and the orthographic projection of the first opening end on the driving substrate is located within the orthographic projection of the corresponding light-emitting unit on the base.

[0014] Optionally, the light shielding layer includes a plurality of light shielding patterns, the opening is provided between two adjacent light shielding patterns, the cross section of the light shielding pattern on a first plane is a trapezoid or an inverted trapezoid, and the first plane is a plane perpendicular to the drive substrate.

[0015] Optionally, the shading layer includes a plurality of shading patterns, the opening is provided between two adjacent shading patterns, the shading pattern includes a third plane and a first curved surface connected end to end, the first curved surface is arranged close to the driving substrate or the first curved surface is arranged away from the driving substrate.

[0016] Optionally, the first curved surface is a hemispherical surface, a cylindrical surface or a conical surface.

[0017] Optionally, the multiple light-emitting units include a first sub-unit and a second sub-unit arranged at intervals, the shading layer includes a plurality of shading patterns, the opening is provided between two adjacent shading patterns, each of the shading patterns corresponds to a first sub-unit and a second sub-unit, and the orthographic projection of each of the shading patterns on the driving substrate partially overlaps with the corresponding orthographic projection of the first sub-unit on the driving substrate and the orthographic projection of the second sub-unit on the driving substrate.

[0018] Optionally, a ratio of an orthographic projection of the shading pattern on the drive substrate to an orthographic projection of the first subunit on the drive substrate is greater than a ratio of an orthographic projection of the shading pattern on the drive substrate to an orthographic projection of the second subunit on the drive substrate.

[0019] Optionally, the ratio of the orthographic projection of the shading pattern on the driving substrate to the orthographic projection of the first subunit on the driving substrate is greater than 1:2, and the ratio of the orthographic projection of the shading pattern on the driving substrate to the orthographic projection of the second subunit on the driving substrate is less than or equal to 1:2.

[0020] A second aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing a display substrate, comprising:

[0021] Providing a driving substrate;

[0022] Manufacturing a plurality of light-emitting units at intervals on the driving substrate;

[0023] Making a refractive layer on the light-emitting unit;

[0024] Producing a light shielding layer on the refractive layer, wherein the light shielding layer includes a plurality of openings;

[0025] The refraction layer is configured to refract incident light emitted from the light emitting unit to the side wall of the light shielding layer, so that part of the incident light is emitted from the opening.

[0026] A third aspect of the present application provides a display device, comprising the display substrate described in any one of the first aspects above.

[0027] From the above description, it can be seen that the display substrate, the preparation method thereof, and the display device provided by the present application, by setting a refractive layer between the light-emitting unit and the light-shielding layer, and the refractive layer can refract the incident light emitted from the light-emitting unit to the side wall of the light-shielding layer, so that part of the incident light is emitted from the opening, thereby reducing the number of incident light blocked by the light-shielding layer, increasing the number of light emitted from the opening, and thereby increasing the display brightness of the display substrate; at the same time, even if the incident light with a large incident angle is refracted in the refractive layer, its refracted light will still be blocked by the light-shielding layer, so that it cannot be emitted from the display substrate, so that the light-shielding layer can block this part of the large-angle light to achieve anti-peeping display. Therefore, the display substrate of the present application can further increase the light output brightness of the display substrate on the basis of achieving anti-peeping display to improve the display effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present application or related technologies, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or related technical descriptions are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a first structure of a display substrate according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the principle of the display substrate changing the optical path according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the refraction principle of the negative refractive index material of an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 4 A second structural schematic diagram of a display substrate according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 5 A third structural schematic diagram of a display substrate according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 6 A fourth structural schematic diagram of a display substrate according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 7 A fifth structural schematic diagram of a display substrate according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 8 This is a sixth structural schematic diagram of a display substrate according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Fig. 9 This is a seventh structural schematic diagram of the display substrate according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of an eighth structure of the display substrate according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Fig.11 A ninth structural schematic diagram of a display substrate according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Fig.12 This is a tenth structural schematic diagram of a display substrate according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Fig.13 This is an eleventh structural schematic diagram of the display substrate according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0042] In the figure: 1. driving substrate; 11. base; 12. driving layer; 121. gate insulating layer; 122. interlayer insulating layer; 123. source electrode; 124. passivation layer; 125. drain electrode; 126. active layer; 127. gate electrode; 2. pixel defining layer; 3. encapsulation layer; 4. refractive layer; 5. shading layer; 51. opening; 511. first opening end; 52. shading pattern; 521. first plane; 522. second plane; 523. third plane; 524. first curved surface; 6. light-emitting unit; 61. first electrode; 62. light-emitting layer; 63. second electrode; 64. second subunit; 65. first subunit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in combination with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0044] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the embodiments of the present application should be the usual meanings understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present application belongs. The "first", "second" and similar words used in the embodiments of the present application do not represent any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Including" or "comprising" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing in front of the word cover the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0045] The rise of display devices has made information sharing between users more and more convenient. In most cases, users like to share information, videos, text, etc. with others, and hope that the content displayed on the display device can be shared with others. This display state is usually called a sharing state. In the sharing state, the display panel can emit light from all angles, and users can see the content displayed on the display panel from all angles.

[0046] As the application of display devices becomes more and more widespread, users have discovered that although display devices in a shared state can effectively share information with people around them, this also brings some security risks. For example, in special circumstances, when users need to input private information or view business contracts, they hope to have privacy to prevent the content displayed on the display panel from being seen by others. This display state is usually called an anti-peeping state. In the anti-peeping state, the light output angle of the display panel is in a smaller range. For example, the light output angle is 0 to 45° (the angle between the light output direction and the direction perpendicular to the display panel). Users can only see the content displayed on the display panel within the range of 0 to 45°. Users within other ranges cannot see the content displayed on the display panel.

[0047] As the demand for anti-peeping is increasing, the industry is gradually conducting research on anti-peeping technology for display panels. Most of the current anti-peeping technologies are to build a light shielding layer into the display panel to block all light with an angle greater than a certain angle (for example, 45°), thereby achieving anti-peeping display.

[0048] However, although the shading layer can block the large-angle light, most of the large-angle light is blocked by the shading layer and cannot be emitted, resulting in a significant reduction in the light output of the display panel, which significantly reduces the light output brightness of the display panel and affects the display effect.

[0049] Therefore, a display substrate is provided which can realize anti-peeping and will not significantly reduce the light output brightness of the display panel.

[0050] Based on this, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the present application provides a display substrate, comprising:

[0051] Driving substrate 1;

[0052] A plurality of light emitting units 6 are arranged at intervals on the driving substrate 1;

[0053] A refractive layer 4, located on the light-emitting unit 6;

[0054] A light shielding layer 5, located on the refractive layer 4, the light shielding layer 5 comprises a plurality of openings 51;

[0055] The refraction layer 4 is configured to refract the incident light emitted from the light emitting unit 6 to the side wall of the light shielding layer 5 , so that part of the incident light is emitted from the opening 51 .

[0056] Specifically, the driving substrate 1 includes a base 11 and a driving layer 12 .

[0057] The substrate 11 may support and protect various components of the display substrate. The substrate 11 may be formed of glass, quartz, ceramics, or a flexible plastic material. For example, when the substrate 11 is formed of a plastic material, it may be formed of polyimide (PI).

[0058] The substrate 11 may be flexible, stretchable, foldable, bendable and / or rollable, so the display substrate may also be flexible, stretchable, foldable, bendable and / or rollable.

[0059] The substrate 11 includes a display area and a non-display area.

[0060] The display area is an area in which an image is displayed in the display substrate. In the display area, the light emitting unit 6 and various driving elements for driving the light emitting unit 6 may be provided. For example, the light emitting unit 6 may include a first electrode 61, a light emitting layer 62, and a second electrode 63. In addition, various elements such as wiring, capacitors, or thin film transistors for driving the light emitting unit 6 may be provided in the display area.

[0061] The display area may include a plurality of sub-pixels arranged in an array. A sub-pixel is the smallest unit for configuring a screen, and each of the plurality of sub-pixels may include a light-emitting unit 6 and a driving circuit. Each of the plurality of sub-pixels may emit light of different wavelengths. For example, the plurality of sub-pixels may include a red sub-pixel, a green sub-pixel, and a blue sub-pixel. However, the plurality of sub-pixels are not limited thereto and may also include a white sub-pixel.

[0062] The driving circuit of the sub-pixel is a circuit for controlling the driving of the light emitting unit 6. For example, the driving circuit may be configured to include a thin film transistor and a capacitor, but is not limited thereto.

[0063] The non-display area is an area in which no image is displayed, and various components for driving the plurality of sub-pixels provided in the display area may be provided. For example, a driver providing signals for driving the plurality of sub-pixels, a flexible film, etc. may be provided in the non-display area.

[0064] The non-display area may be an area surrounding the display area, but is not limited thereto. For example, the non-display area may be an area extending from the display area.

[0065] The driving layer 12 is disposed on the substrate 11. The driving layer 12 is a driving element of the display substrate, and is used to determine the light emitting unit 6. Exemplarily, the driving layer 12 may include a thin film transistor, which is a driving element of the display substrate. The thin film transistor includes an active layer 126, a gate electrode 127, a source electrode 123, and a drain electrode 125.

[0066] The active layer 126 is disposed on the substrate 11. The active layer 126 may be made of amorphous, polycrystalline semiconductor materials, oxide semiconductors or organic semiconductor materials. In addition, the active layer 126 includes a channel region in which impurities are not doped, and a source region and a drain region disposed on opposite sides of the communication region and doped with impurities.

[0067] The gate insulating layer is provided on the active layer 126. The gate insulating layer is a layer for electrically insulating the gate electrode 127 from the active layer 126, and may be formed of an insulating material. For example, the gate insulating layer may be formed of silicon nitride (SiN x ) or silicon oxide (SiO x ) or formed into a single layer of silicon nitride (SiN x ) or silicon oxide (SiO x ) layers, but the implementation is not limited thereto.

[0068] The gate electrode 127 is disposed on the gate insulating layer. The gate electrode 127 may overlap at least some of the active layer 126 and may overlap the channel region. The gate electrode 127 may be any one of a variety of metal materials, for example, any one of molybdenum (Mo), aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), gold (Au), titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), and copper (Cu), or an alloy of two or more thereof, or a multilayer thereof, but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0069] The interlayer insulating layer 122 is disposed on the gate electrode 127 and the gate insulating layer. The interlayer insulating layer 122 may be made of an inorganic insulating material or an organic insulating material.

[0070] A contact hole (not marked in the figure) overlapping at least a portion of the active layer 126 is formed in the gate insulating layer and the interlayer insulating layer 122 .

[0071] The source electrode and the drain electrode are disposed on the interlayer insulating layer 122. The source electrode and the drain electrode are disposed on the same layer and are spaced apart from each other. In addition, the source electrode and the drain electrode are respectively connected to the source region and the drain region of the active layer 126 through contact holes. The source electrode and the drain electrode may be formed of any one or more of a variety of metal materials, for example, any one of molybdenum (Mo), aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), gold (Au), titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd) and copper (Cu), or an alloy of two or more thereof, or a multilayer thereof, but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0072] As described above, the active layer 126, the gate electrode 127, the source electrode, and the drain electrode constitute a thin film transistor.

[0073] The structure of the thin film transistor is not limited to the aforementioned example, and can be modified to various optional structures. The light emitting diode display may include a switching transistor and a driving transistor, and the aforementioned thin film transistor may be a driving transistor. Although not shown, a switching thin film transistor may be provided.

[0074] The passivation layer 124 is disposed on the thin film transistor and the interlayer insulating layer 122. The passivation layer 124 is used to remove and / or flatten the steps of the aforementioned structure, thereby increasing the light emitting efficiency of the light emitting unit 6 to be formed thereon. A contact hole overlapping at least some of the drain electrode is formed in the passivation layer 124.

[0075] The passivation layer 124 may be formed of polyacrylate resin, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polyamide resin, polyimide resin, unsaturated polyester resin, polyphenylene resin, polyphenylene sulfide resin, and / or benzocyclobutene (BCB).

[0076] The array-arranged light-emitting units 6 are disposed on the passivation layer 124. The light-emitting units 6 include a first electrode 61, a second electrode 63 disposed on the first electrode 61, and a light-emitting layer 62 disposed between the first electrode 61 and the second electrode 63. Here, the light-emitting units 6 may be light-emitting diodes or organic light-emitting diodes.

[0077] The first electrode 61 is disposed on the passivation layer 124. The first electrode 61 may be made of, for example, indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ), or is formed of a metal such as lithium (Li), calcium (Ca), lithium fluoride / calcium (LiF / Ca), lithium fluoride / aluminum (LiF / Al), aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), gold (Au), etc. The first electrode 61 is electrically connected to the drain electrode of the thin film transistor via a contact hole formed in the passivation layer 124 to serve as an anode of the light emitting unit 6.

[0078] The first electrode 61 may include a first transparent electrode and a second transparent electrode including a transparent conductive material, and a semi-transmissive layer disposed between the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode to form a microcavity together with the second electrode 63. For example, the first electrode 61 may be formed as a multilayer including a layer made of a transparent conductive material and a layer made of a reflective metal material.

[0079] The light emitting layer 62 is disposed on the first electrode 61. The light emitting layer 62 may include an emission layer, a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), an electron transport layer (ETL), and / or an electron injection layer (EIL).

[0080] The light-emitting layer 62 is a layer for emitting light having a specific color, and the light-emitting layer 62 may include at least one or more of a red light-emitting layer 62 for emitting red light, a green light-emitting layer 62 for emitting green light, a blue light-emitting layer 62 for emitting blue light, and a white light-emitting layer 62 for emitting white light.

[0081] The white light emitting layer 62 described here may be formed as a single light emitting layer 62, or may be formed as a plurality of stacked light emitting layers 62, so that white light may be emitted. For example, a structure emitting white light by combining at least one yellow light emitting layer 62 and at least one blue light emitting layer 62, a structure emitting white light by combining at least one cyan light emitting layer 62 and at least one red light emitting layer 62, and a structure emitting white light by combining at least one magenta light emitting layer 62 and at least one green light emitting layer 62162 may be included.

[0082] The second electrode 63 is disposed on the light emitting layer 62 and the pixel defining layer 2. The second electrode 63 may be formed of a transparent conductive material such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), indium oxide (In2O3), etc., or a reflective metal such as lithium (Li), calcium (Ca), lithium fluoride / calcium (LiF / Ca), lithium fluoride / aluminum (LiF / Al), aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), gold (Au), etc. The second electrode 63 serves as a cathode of the light emitting unit 6.

[0083] The encapsulation layer 3 is disposed on the second electrode 63. The top surface of the second electrode 63 may be uneven. The portion of the second electrode 63 overlapping the pixel defining layer 2 may protrude beyond the other portions. This may be caused by the pixel defining layer 2 being thicker than the other constituent elements. The encapsulation layer 3 may be formed of a transparent organic material. For example, the encapsulation layer 3 may be formed of a polyacrylate resin, an epoxy resin, a phenolic resin, a polyamide resin, a polyimide resin, an unsaturated polyester resin, a polyphenylene resin, a polyphenylene sulfide resin and / or a benzocyclobutene (BCB).

[0084] The encapsulation layer 3 is formed thick enough so that its top surface can be flattened. When the substrate 11 is bent to implement a flexible display device, etc., the encapsulation layer 3 can be used to absorb impact transmitted to elements such as thin film transistors, first electrodes 61 and second electrodes 63 to increase the safety of the elements.

[0085] The refractive layer 4 is disposed on the encapsulation layer 3 , and the refractive layer 4 is formed into a whole-layer structure.

[0086] The light shielding layer 5 is located on the refractive layer 4 , and the light shielding layer 5 includes a plurality of openings 51 , and the plurality of openings 51 are used to allow the light emitted from the light emitting unit 6 to be emitted from the openings 51 , so as to realize the light emission of the display substrate.

[0087] The light shielding layer 5 is made of a light shielding material. For example, the light shielding material may be chromium, chromium oxide, black resin, or the like.

[0088] The refractive layer 4 is configured to refract the incident light from the light emitting unit 6 to the side wall of the light shielding layer 5 so that part of the incident light is emitted from the opening 51. The side wall of the light shielding layer 5 refers to the side wall of the light shielding layer 5 close to the opening 51.

[0089] See also Figure 2 As shown, if the refractive layer 4 is not provided, the incident light from the light emitting unit 6 to the side wall of the light shielding layer 5 will be directly blocked by the light shielding layer 5 (such as Figure 2 OA in the figure) so that it cannot be emitted from the display substrate.

[0090] However, after the refractive layer 4 is provided, the incident light (such as Figure 2 The middle ray MO) will be refracted at the refractive layer 4, so that part of the incident light can be emitted from the opening 51 (as shown in FIG. Figure 2 As shown by the middle ray CB, compared with the method without setting the refractive layer 4, the amount of light emitted from the opening 51 is significantly increased, thereby increasing the light output brightness of the display substrate.

[0091] At the same time, there are also some incident rays, that is, incident rays with large incident angles (such as Figure 2 Even if refraction occurs, the refracted light (as shown in the middle ray MN) Figure 2 The middle ray NP) will still be blocked by the light shielding layer 5 so as to be unable to emit out of the display substrate. In this way, the light shielding layer 5 can shield this part of the large-angle light to achieve anti-peeping display.

[0092] In the present application, a refractive layer 4 is provided between the light-emitting unit 6 and the light-shielding layer 5, and the refractive layer 4 can refract the incident light emitted from the light-emitting unit 6 to the side wall of the light-shielding layer 5, so that part of the incident light is emitted from the opening 51. In this way, the number of incident light rays blocked by the light-shielding layer 5 can be reduced, and the number of light rays emitted from the opening 51 is increased, thereby increasing the display brightness of the display substrate. At the same time, even if the incident light rays with a large incident angle are refracted in the refractive layer 4, the refracted light rays will still be blocked by the light-shielding layer 5, so that they cannot be emitted from the display substrate. In this way, the light-shielding layer 5 can block this part of the light emitted at a large angle to achieve anti-peeping display. Therefore, the display substrate of the present application can further increase the light emission brightness of the display substrate on the basis of achieving anti-peeping display to improve the display effect.

[0093] In some embodiments, see Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the refractive layer 4 is made of a negative refractive index material, and the refractive index of the negative refractive index material is a negative number.

[0094] Specifically, the dielectric constant or magnetic permeability of negative refractive index materials is negative. Materials with negative refractive index, dielectric constant or magnetic permeability are also called double negative materials. Light waves propagate backwards in such media. The only materials with negative refractive index are artificially structured materials, which are composed of periodic arrangement of metal wires and non-closed metal rings. In this material, the direction of the electric field, magnetic field and wave vector obeys the "left-hand" rule, rather than the "right-hand" rule in conventional materials. Therefore, this material with a negative refractive index is also called a left-handed material. When light waves propagate in it, the direction of the energy flow is opposite to the direction of the wave vector.

[0095] See also Figure 3 As shown, when a light wave is incident from a material with a positive refractive index to an interface with a material with a negative refractive index, the refraction of the light wave is opposite to the conventional refraction, and the incident wave and the refracted wave are on the same side of the normal direction of the interface (normally when the light wave is incident from a positive refractive index material to a positive refractive index material, the refracted wave and the incident wave are on both sides of the normal).

[0096] Continue to see Figure 4 As shown, when the refractive layer 4 described in the present application is made of a negative refractive index material, the incident light (i.e. Figure 4The incident light ray OW and the incident light ray RV are refracted at the refractive layer 4, and the refracted light ray and the incident light ray are located on the same side of the normal line. That is, the incident light ray QW corresponds to the refracted light ray WE, and the incident light ray RV corresponds to the refracted light ray VU. Thus, the incident light rays OW and RV, which should have been blocked by the light shielding layer 5 and could not be emitted, can be emitted from the opening 51 after being refracted by the refractive layer 4, thereby increasing the amount of light emitted from the opening 51 and improving the light output brightness of the display substrate.

[0097] At the same time, there is also a part of the incident light, that is, the incident light with a large incident angle (even if refraction occurs, the refracted light will still be blocked by the light shielding layer 5, so that it cannot be emitted from the display substrate. In this way, the light shielding layer 5 can block this part of the large-angle light to achieve anti-peeping display.

[0098] In some embodiments, see Figure 5 As shown, it also includes an encapsulation layer 3 , which is located on a side of the refractive layer 4 close to the driving substrate 1 and covers the multiple light-emitting units 6 , and the refractive index of the refractive layer 4 is greater than the refractive index of the encapsulation layer 3 .

[0099] Specifically, since the refractive index of the refractive layer 4 is greater than the refractive index of the encapsulation layer 3, according to the refractive index formula, it can be seen that the refraction angle of the shading light is smaller than the incident angle of the incident light, and the refracted light will be deflected in the direction of the normal, that is, the refracted light will be deflected in the direction close to the opening 51, so that the refracted light can be emitted from the opening 51, thereby increasing the amount of light emitted from the opening 51 and improving the light output brightness of the display substrate.

[0100] In some embodiments, the thickness of the refractive layer 4 is negatively correlated with the refractive index of the refractive layer 4 .

[0101] Specifically, the refractive layer 4 can be made of a high-transmittance and high-refractive material, for example, the refractive layer 4 can be made of an acrylic or epoxy resin material. The thickness of the refractive layer 4 and the refractive index of the selected preparation material are defined according to the required anti-peeping viewing angle.

[0102] When the light output angle is maintained and the thickness of the light shielding layer 5 remains unchanged, the thinner the refractive layer 4 is, the greater the refractive index should be, so that the refracted light can be obviously deflected toward the opening 51, thereby increasing the light output brightness.

[0103] In some embodiments, see Figure 2 As shown, the multiple openings 51 correspond one-to-one to the multiple light-emitting units 6, and the opening 51 includes a first opening 51 end, which is arranged away from the driving substrate 1, and the orthographic projection of the first opening 51 end on the driving substrate 1 is located within the orthographic projection of the corresponding light-emitting unit 6 on the base 11.

[0104] Specifically, the orthographic projection of the end of the first opening 51 on the driving substrate 1 is located within the orthographic projection of the corresponding light-emitting unit 6 on the substrate 11. In this way, the orthographic projection size of the end of the first opening 51 is smaller than the size of the orthographic projection of the corresponding light-emitting unit 6, so that the shading layer 5 on both sides of the opening 51 can cover the light-emitting boundary of the light-emitting unit 6, and then the shading layer 5 can block the large-angle light emitted by the light-emitting unit 6 to achieve anti-peeping display.

[0105] In some embodiments, see Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the shading layer 5 includes a plurality of shading patterns 52 , and an opening 51 is provided between two adjacent shading patterns 52 . The cross section of the shading pattern 52 on a first plane 521 is a trapezoid or an inverted trapezoid, and the first plane 521 is a plane perpendicular to the drive substrate 1 .

[0106] Specifically, Figure 4 As shown, the cross section of the light shielding pattern 52 on the first plane 521 is an inverted trapezoid.

[0107] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the cross section of the light shielding pattern 52 on the first plane 521 is a trapezoid, wherein: Figure 5 It is shown that the refractive layer 4 is made of high refractive index material. Figure 6 It is shown that the refractive layer 4 is made of a negative refractive index material.

[0108] Continue to see Figure 5 and Figure 6 It can be seen that when the cross-section of the light shielding pattern 52 on the first plane 521 is a trapezoid, when the refractive layer 4 is made of different materials, the refractive effect is different, so that the light emitting angle of the display substrate finally obtained is different. Figure 5 and Figure 6 It can be seen that the refractive layer 4 made of negative refractive index material has a better refractive effect, and ultimately obtains more light output and a larger light output angle.

[0109] Continue to see Figure 4 and Figure 6 It can be seen that when the refractive layer 4 is made of negative refractive index material, different cross-sectional shapes of the light shielding pattern 52 will also produce different refractive effects, and the corresponding light emission angles will also be different.

[0110] In the present application, by adjusting the different preparation materials of the refractive layer 4 and the different cross-sectional shapes of the shading pattern 52, different light output amounts and different light output angles can be adjusted, so that the display substrate can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual light output angle requirements and has a wider range of applications.

[0111] In some embodiments, see Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Fig. 9 and Fig.10 As shown, the shading layer 5 includes a plurality of shading patterns 52, an opening 51 is provided between two adjacent shading patterns 52, the shading pattern 52 includes a third plane 523 and a first curved surface 524 connected end to end, and the first curved surface 524 is arranged close to the driving substrate 1 or the first curved surface 524 is arranged away from the driving substrate 1.

[0112] Specifically, the first curved surface 524 is a hemispherical surface, a cylindrical surface or a conical surface. The shape of the first curved surface 524 is not limited and is selected according to the actual light output angle requirements.

[0113] Exemplarily, take the first curved surface 524 as a hemispherical surface as an example.

[0114] Figure 7 and Figure 8 Schematic diagram showing the structure when the first curved surface 524 is arranged close to the driving substrate 1. Figure 7 The refractive layer 4 is made of a high refractive index material. Figure 8 The refractive layer 4 is made of a negative refractive index material. Figure 7 and Figure 8 It is obvious that when the refractive layer 4 is made of a negative refractive index material, the light deflection effect is greater, so that the light output amount and light output brightness of the display substrate are greater, and the effect of improving the light output brightness is better.

[0115] Fig. 9 and Fig.10 It shows a structural schematic diagram when the first curved surface 524 is arranged away from the driving substrate 1 .

[0116] in, Figure 7 The refractive layer 4 is made of a high refractive index material. Figure 8 The refractive layer 4 is made of a negative refractive index material. Figure 7 and Figure 8 It is obvious that when the refractive layer 4 is made of a negative refractive index material, the light deflection effect is greater, so that the light output amount and light output brightness of the display substrate are greater, and the effect of improving the light output brightness is better.

[0117] In the present application, by adjusting the different preparation materials of the refractive layer 4 and the different cross-sectional shapes of the shading pattern 52, different light output amounts and different light output angles can be adjusted, so that the display substrate can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual light output angle requirements and has a wider range of applications.

[0118] In some embodiments, see Fig.11 , Fig.12 and Fig.13 As shown, the multiple light-emitting units 6 include first sub-units 65 and second sub-units 64 that are spaced apart, the shading layer 5 includes multiple shading patterns 52, an opening 51 is provided between two adjacent shading patterns 52, each of the shading patterns 52 corresponds to a first sub-unit 65 and a second sub-unit 64, and the orthographic projection of each of the shading patterns 52 on the driving substrate 1 partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the corresponding first sub-unit 65 on the driving substrate 1 and the orthographic projection of the second sub-unit 64 on the driving substrate 1.

[0119] Specifically, each of the shading patterns 52 corresponds to a first subunit 65 and a second subunit 64, and the orthographic projection of each of the shading patterns 52 on the driving substrate 1 partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the corresponding first subunit 65 on the driving substrate 1 and the orthographic projection of the second subunit 64 on the driving substrate 1, that is, each of the shading patterns 52 covers part of the first subunit 65 and the second subunit 64, while part of the first subunit 65 and the second subunit 64 is not covered. In this way, when the first subunit 65 and the second subunit 64 are both lit, most of the light emitted by the first subunit 65 and the second subunit 64 can be emitted from the opening 51 to achieve normal light emission.

[0120] Exemplarily, the first subunit 65 and the second subunit 64 can be used as anti-peeping pixels and normal pixels, respectively. Exemplarily, the second subunit 64 is a normal pixel, and the first subunit 65 is an anti-peeping pixel. When anti-peeping is not required, the first subunit 65 and the second subunit 64 are lit at the same time to achieve normal light emission; when anti-peeping is required, only the second subunit 64 is lit, and the light of the second subunit 64 can be emitted from the outlet normally, while the first subunit 65 does not emit light, thus achieving anti-peeping state display.

[0121] In the present application, the positional relationship between the shading layer 5 and the first subunit 65 and the second subunit 64 is set so that the display substrate can flexibly switch between the normal state and the anti-peeping state by lighting up different subunits, thereby increasing the flexibility of use of the display substrate.

[0122] In some embodiments, the ratio of the orthographic projection of the shading pattern 52 on the driving substrate 1 to the orthographic projection of the first sub-unit 65 on the driving substrate 1 is greater than the ratio of the orthographic projection of the shading pattern 52 on the driving substrate 1 to the orthographic projection of the second sub-unit 64 on the driving substrate 1. That is, the portion of the first sub-unit 65 covered by the shading pattern 52 is greater than the portion of the second sub-unit 65 covered by the shading pattern 52.

[0123] In a specific implementation, the second sub-unit 64 is a normal pixel, and the first sub-unit 65 is an anti-peeping pixel.

[0124] The second subunit 64 is less covered, so that the light emitted by the second subunit 64 is less blocked by the shading pattern 52, thereby ensuring the brightness of the light during normal display and anti-peeping display.

[0125] The first subunit 65 is covered with a larger portion, so that in the anti-peeping state, the large-angle light emitted by the second subunit 64 adjacent to the first subunit 65 (such as Fig.13 The light emitted in the direction SD (as shown in the figure) can be blocked by the light shielding pattern 52, so that the light emitted at a large angle cannot be emitted, thereby realizing anti-peeping display.

[0126] Exemplarily, the ratio of the orthographic projection of the shading pattern 52 on the drive substrate 1 to the orthographic projection of the first subunit 65 on the drive substrate 1 is greater than 1:2. The ratio of the orthographic projection of the shading pattern 52 on the drive substrate 1 to the orthographic projection of the second subunit 64 on the drive substrate 1 is less than or equal to 1:2.

[0127] In some embodiments, a filling layer may be provided in the opening 51 , and the filling layer is flush with the top surface of the light shielding layer 5 , so that the top surface of the entire display substrate is flush with the subsequent film layer production. Exemplarily, the preparation material of the filling layer may be the same as the preparation material of the encapsulation layer 3 .

[0128] In the present application, by controlling the extent to which the first subunit 65 and the second subunit 64 are covered by the shading pattern 52 , anti-peeping display can be achieved while ensuring the brightness of the light output.

[0129] The present application also provides a method for preparing a display substrate, comprising:

[0130] Providing a driving substrate 1;

[0131] A plurality of light emitting units 6 are formed on the driving substrate 1 at intervals;

[0132] Making a refractive layer 4 on the light-emitting unit 6;

[0133] A light shielding layer 5 is formed on the refractive layer 4, wherein the light shielding layer 5 comprises a plurality of openings 51;

[0134] The refraction layer 4 is configured to refract the incident light emitted from the light emitting unit 6 to the side wall of the light shielding layer 5 , so that part of the incident light is emitted from the opening 51 .

[0135] Specifically, a driving layer 12 is deposited on the substrate 11 to form a driving element. The driving layer 12 includes a plurality of thin film transistors for driving the light emitting unit 6 and controlling the opening and closing of the anti-peeping mode.

[0136] A first electrode 61 layer (exemplarily, an anode layer) is deposited, and the material is a conductive metal oxide, such as indium tin oxide.

[0137] The pixel definition layer and the pixel layer are deposited, and the pixel arrangement is not specifically limited in this application.

[0138] The cathode protection layer, the encapsulation layer 3 and the refractive layer 4 are deposited.

[0139] The light shielding layer 5 is deposited in a patterned manner.

[0140] Different patterns of the light shielding layer 5 achieve different control viewing angles. The light shielding layer 5 is used to block possible leakage light to ensure that the emitted light cannot be observed from the side of the display screen. The material of the light shielding layer 5 can be chromium, chromium oxide, black resin, etc. By calculating and designing the position of the light shielding layer 5, active peeping protection can be achieved.

[0141] The gaps in the light shielding layer 5 are filled and planarized, and the filling material may be the material of the encapsulation layer 3 .

[0142] The present application also provides a display device, comprising the display substrate described in any of the above embodiments.

[0143] The display device can be a product with an image display function, for example, it can be: a monitor, a television, a billboard, a digital photo frame, a laser printer with a display function, a telephone, a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a digital camera, a portable camcorder, a viewfinder, a navigator, a vehicle, a large-area wall, a home appliance, an information query device (such as business query equipment and monitors of e-government, banks, hospitals, power and other departments).

[0144] The display device has the technical effects described in any of the above embodiments, which will not be elaborated here.

[0145] It should be noted that the above describes some embodiments of the present application. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recorded in the claims can be performed in an order different from that in the above embodiments and still achieve the desired results. In addition, the processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require the specific order or continuous order shown to achieve the desired results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0146] A person skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely illustrative and is not intended to imply that the scope of the present application is limited to these examples. In line with the concept of the present application, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments may be combined, the steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the embodiments of the present application as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of simplicity.

[0147] The embodiments of the present application are intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications and variations that fall within the broad scope of the present application. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the embodiments of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A display substrate, characterized in that: include: Driver substrate; A plurality of light-emitting units are arranged at intervals on the driving substrate; a refractive layer, located on the light-emitting unit; A light shielding layer, located on the refractive layer, wherein the light shielding layer comprises a plurality of openings; The refraction layer is configured to refract incident light emitted from the light emitting unit to the side wall of the light shielding layer, so that part of the incident light is emitted from the opening.

2. The display substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The refractive layer is made of a negative refractive index material, and the refractive index of the negative refractive index material is a negative number.

3. The display substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an encapsulation layer, which is located on a side of the refraction layer close to the drive substrate and covers the plurality of light-emitting units, and the refractive index of the refraction layer is greater than the refractive index of the encapsulation layer.

4. The display substrate according to claim 3, characterized in that: The thickness of the refractive layer is negatively correlated with the refractive index of the refractive layer.

5. The display substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of openings correspond one-to-one to the plurality of light-emitting units, and the opening comprises a first opening end, the first opening end is arranged away from the driving substrate, and the orthographic projection of the first opening end on the driving substrate is located within the orthographic projection of the corresponding light-emitting unit on the base.

6. The display substrate according to claim 5, characterized in that: The light shielding layer includes a plurality of light shielding patterns, the opening is provided between two adjacent light shielding patterns, the cross section of the light shielding pattern on a first plane is a trapezoid or an inverted trapezoid, and the first plane is a plane perpendicular to the drive substrate.

7. The display substrate according to claim 5, characterized in that: The shading layer includes a plurality of shading patterns, the opening is provided between two adjacent shading patterns, the shading pattern includes a third plane and a first curved surface connected end to end, the first curved surface is arranged close to the driving substrate or the first curved surface is arranged away from the driving substrate.

8. The display substrate according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first curved surface is a hemispherical surface, a cylindrical surface or a conical surface.

9. The display substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multiple light-emitting units include first sub-units and second sub-units that are spaced apart from each other, the shading layer includes multiple shading patterns, the opening is provided between two adjacent shading patterns, each of the shading patterns corresponds to a first sub-unit and a second sub-unit, and the orthographic projection of each of the shading patterns on the driving substrate partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the corresponding first sub-unit on the driving substrate and the orthographic projection of the second sub-unit on the driving substrate.

10. The display substrate according to claim 9, characterized in that: A ratio of an orthographic projection of the shading pattern on the drive substrate to an orthographic projection of the corresponding first subunit on the drive substrate is greater than a ratio of an orthographic projection of the shading pattern on the drive substrate to an orthographic projection of the corresponding second subunit on the drive substrate.

11. The display substrate according to claim 10, characterized in that: The ratio of the orthographic projection of the shading pattern on the driving substrate to the orthographic projection of the corresponding first subunit on the driving substrate is greater than 1:2, and the ratio of the orthographic projection of the shading pattern on the driving substrate to the orthographic projection of the corresponding second subunit on the driving substrate is less than or equal to 1:

2.

12. A method for preparing a display substrate, characterized in that: include: Providing a driving substrate; Manufacturing a plurality of light-emitting units at intervals on the driving substrate; Making a refractive layer on the light-emitting unit; Producing a light shielding layer on the refractive layer, wherein the light shielding layer includes a plurality of openings; The refraction layer is configured to refract incident light emitted from the light emitting unit to the side wall of the light shielding layer, so that part of the incident light is emitted from the opening.

13. A display device, characterized in that: The invention comprises the display substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 11 or the display substrate prepared by the preparation method according to claim 12.

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