Vegetation reconstruction structure and method for damaged side slope in high-cold and high-altitude area

Abstract

The invention discloses a vegetation reconstruction structure and method for a damaged side slope in a high-cold and high-altitude area. The method comprises the following steps: S1, trimming the surface of the side slope; s2, a first hanging net is laid on the trimmed slope surface; s3, a greening base material mixture is sprayed and sown on the first hanging net; s4, laying a second hanging net on the greening base material mixture; s5, a greening base material mixture containing grass seeds is sprayed and seeded on the second hanging net; s6, covering non-woven fabric after spray seeding. According to the method, vegetation reconstruction and restoration of the damaged slope in the high-cold and high-altitude area can be achieved, the restoration effect is natural, and the method can adapt to the special geographical environment of the high-cold and high-altitude area and coordinate with regional geodetic landscapes; the spray-seeding plants adopt elymus nutans, siberian wildrye and annual ryegrass, are creative combination test results of grass seeds, can well adapt to the local environment, are good in germination and growth performance, enhance the stability and anti-jamming capability of an ecological system, adopt the combination of annual and perennial grass seeds, give consideration to both the short-term effect and the long-term effect, and are suitable for large-scale popularization and application. And forward succession of plant communities is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of damaged slope vegetation reconstruction, and in particular to a damaged slope vegetation reconstruction structure and method in high-cold and high-altitude areas. Background Art

[0002] Taking both engineering construction and environmental protection into consideration is a major issue of sustainable development. Damaged slopes are a direct manifestation of the contradiction between resource development and utilization and ecological environmental protection. They are the key and difficult points of scientific greening and the essence of ecological civilization construction. Exposed slopes are one of the geological environments formed in various major engineering construction projects. They can not only cause geological disasters such as soil erosion and mountain collapse, but also cause ecological problems such as ecosystem fragmentation, ecological imbalance, and biodiversity reduction. It is urgent to carry out ecological reconstruction and restore biodiversity through engineering means and biological measures to establish an ecosystem with stable structure, perfect functions, and self-sustaining ability. The ecological restoration of damaged slopes is crucial to maintaining and enhancing ecosystem services. It is a major issue of soil and water conservation and ecological governance. Promoting the reconstruction of slope vegetation and repairing the "scars" of the ecosystem is an important task in the current ecological environmental governance and an urgent scientific and technological need for the implementation of ecological civilization construction.

[0003] Various engineering construction activities in the northwestern Sichuan Plateau have produced a large number of exposed and damaged slopes, aggravating the deterioration of the ecological environment and the degradation of the alpine and fragile ecosystem, threatening the ecological security of the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins. The region has a cold climate, long winters and no summers, great temperature differences, severe drought stress, fragile geographical environment, and extremely poor anti-interference ability. Once the ecosystem is destroyed, it is extremely difficult to recover. At present, the damaged slopes in the northwestern Sichuan Plateau basically rely on natural recovery after the end of their service life. In recent years, traditional simple restoration methods such as planting trees and grass, and three-dimensional net spraying grass seeds have been included in the scope of management, but the restoration effect is poor, and most of them form a large heterogeneity with the surrounding landscape. The research on restoration methods and technologies specifically for high-altitude and cold areas that can adapt to their special geographical environment and coordinate with the regional landscape is relatively weak. It is urgent to develop a method for vegetation reconstruction of damaged slopes in high-altitude and cold areas.

[0004] In view of this, this application is hereby filed. Summary of the invention

[0005] The problem with the existing technology is that the damaged slopes in the high-altitude and cold regions of northwest Sichuan are basically in a natural recovery state or are repaired using traditional methods after the service period ends. The repair effect is poor and there is a large heterogeneity with the surrounding landscape. The present invention provides a structure and method for reconstructing vegetation on damaged slopes in high-altitude and cold regions. For the damaged slopes in high-altitude and cold regions, the slope surface is trimmed with a double-layer hanging net laying method to achieve vegetation reconstruction and repair of the damaged slopes. The repair effect is natural, can adapt to the special geographical environment of high-altitude and cold regions, and be coordinated with the regional landscape.

[0006] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for reconstructing damaged slope vegetation in a high-cold and high-altitude area, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1, trimming the slope surface;

[0009] S2, laying the first hanging net on the trimmed slope;

[0010] S3, spraying the greening substrate mixture on the first hanging net;

[0011] S4, laying a second hanging net on the greening substrate mixture;

[0012] S5, spraying a greening substrate mixture containing grass seeds on the second hanging net;

[0013] S6, cover with non-woven fabric immediately after spraying.

[0014] In a specific implementation, in step S1, slope finishing includes two aspects: slope finishing and side slope finishing design. Specifically:

[0015] 1. Slope finishing:

[0016] a) Dangerous rocks, floating stones, floating roots of plants, weeds and garbage on the slope should be removed, and low-lying or flat areas on the slope should be placed to stabilize the slope;

[0017] b) Woody plants on the slope should be retained, and their branches and trunks may be pruned.

[0018] 2. Slope modification design:

[0019] If the slope surface meets the requirements for spraying after preparation, the above steps can be followed to carry out net laying and spraying.

[0020] If the slope still cannot meet the requirements of spraying after slope preparation, then for stable slopes with a slope ratio greater than 1:1.0, if conditions permit, it is necessary to formulate a special design plan for slope finishing and carry out slope finishing, and then lay the net for spraying after the slope is slowed down.

[0021] Among them, the slope modification mainly includes slope rate design, slope shape design, dangerous rock mass treatment, etc. There are two specific modification methods: slope conversion and slope shaping;

[0022] (1) Slope to Staircase

[0023] a) Mechanical excavation and filling can be adopted, and rolling and compaction can be carried out; if the top of the terrace is a hard rock layer, it should be mechanically excavated into a "dog-tooth" groove, and then backfilled with planting soil;

[0024] b) Step specifications: ladder height ≤ 3.0m, ladder (upper) width ≥ 1.5m, slope ≤ 45°;

[0025] c) When trimming the slope, the disturbance surface should be minimized. During construction, the surface grass layer should be placed aside and the topsoil should be cleaned and piled together;

[0026] d) After the slope is trimmed, the surface grass layer is fixed in the area with poor soil conditions on the stepped slope, and then watered and maintained, while the remaining areas are backfilled with planting soil and sown with grass seeds.

[0027] (2) Shaping and Slope Reduction

[0028] Use mechanical excavation and filling methods to appropriately expand the wound surface and reduce the slope gradient, so that the final repaired slope is perfectly connected with the surrounding original natural terrain. When shaping and lowering the slope, pay attention to protecting the original vegetation and topsoil, and use them in later ecological restoration.

[0029] The following basic requirements should also be noted when carrying out slope trimming:

[0030] a) Slope trimming should be carried out from top to bottom and in sections, and should not be carried out crosswise;

[0031] b) Slope repair can be done by mechanical excavation or blasting. Low-lying areas can be properly covered with soil and compacted or filled with soil in vegetation bags until the reverse slope disappears. Protruding areas can be flattened. If there are large stones protruding from the slope, they can be retained as landscape stones.

[0032] c) The trimmed slope should be as flat as possible and coordinated with the surrounding natural terrain curve;

[0033] d) The trimmed slope surface should be conducive to the adhesion of the spraying matrix, and the smooth slope surface should be roughened;

[0034] e) After the slope is trimmed, a stability assessment should be conducted, and the subsequent spraying construction process should not affect the stability of the slope;

[0035] f) When the slope is located in an area with frequent human and vehicle activities, facilities such as safety nets should be installed to prevent falling rocks.

[0036] The above slope finishing and side slope finishing adopt conventional slope finishing technology, so its specific construction operation can be appropriately selected and adjusted according to the actual situation of the slope, which will not be elaborated in detail here.

[0037] In a specific implementation, the slope needs to be trimmed to 30-40° by cutting and filling appropriately. That is, the result of the slope trimming is that the spraying operation surface of the first hanging net and the second hanging net is at an angle of 30-40° to the horizon, which is not only conducive to the stability of the slope, but also convenient for natural cutting into the surrounding terrain. Two points need to be noted when trimming the slope:

[0038] (1) When expanding the wound surface, pay attention to protecting the native vegetation and topsoil, and use them in the ecological restoration of the damaged slope;

[0039] (2) Ensure good connection with the surrounding natural terrain to make the final restoration effect natural.

[0040] In a specific embodiment, the first hanging net and the second hanging net both use double-layer 14# galvanized wire mesh with strong corrosion resistance. The mesh size of the galvanized wire mesh is not less than 50mm×50mm to ensure that the base material mixture will not clog the mesh. If the mesh is too small, the base material mixture will easily clog the mesh during spraying construction, making it impossible to effectively spray the base material mixture under the net and in a suspended state.

[0041] In a specific embodiment, the first hanging net and the second hanging net are fixed on the slope surface by anchor rods. The anchor rods are made of A3 steel, #12, asphalt anti-corrosion, the steel pad size is 60mm×60mm×3mm, and the cement roll is anchored. The rock surface of the slope is relatively broken, and two types of long and short anchor rods are used, with anchor depths of 100cm and 50cm respectively. The anchor rod spacing is 100cm.

[0042] Lay the galvanized wire mesh on the slope from top to bottom along the slope, keeping a smooth connection between the wire mesh and the slope. When laying the wire mesh, if the slope leveling treatment still cannot handle the depressions formed on the spot, you can fill them with materials such as straw.

[0043] In a specific embodiment, the total spraying thickness of the greening substrate mixture is 10 cm, wherein the spraying thickness of the greening substrate mixture containing grass seeds is 2 to 3 cm.

[0044] In a specific embodiment, the greening substrate mixture is mainly composed of greening substrate, planting soil and fiber mixed in a certain proportion; wherein the greening substrate adopts animal manure, pulp, compound fertilizer, water retaining agent, adhesive and water, the planting soil adopts clay loam that is crushed and air-dried and passed through an 8mm sieve, and the fiber adopts straw that is crushed into 10mm-15mm length.

[0045] In a specific embodiment, the greening substrate mixture includes the following components in parts by mass: 40-45 parts of clay loam, 530-540 parts of animal manure, 95-105 parts of pulp, 40-50 parts of fiber, 130-140 parts of compound fertilizer, 10-11 parts of water retaining agent, 10-11 parts of adhesive and 0.5-1 part of water.

[0046] In a specific embodiment, the greening substrate mixture includes the following components in parts by mass: 42.6 parts of clay loam, 533 parts of animal manure, 1005 parts of pulp, 45 parts of fiber, 133 parts of compound fertilizer, 10.67 parts of water retaining agent, 10.67 parts of adhesive and 0.67 parts of water.

[0047] In a specific embodiment, the mass ratio of grass seeds to greening substrate mixture in the greening substrate mixture containing grass seeds is 1:10-125.

[0048] In a specific embodiment, the grass seeds include one or more of Elymus nutans, Elymus sibiricus and annual ryegrass. The present invention adopts a mixed ratio of the above three grass seeds, all of which are native grass seeds, cold-resistant and drought-resistant, with strong ecological adaptability, and can germinate and grow well in a high-cold and high-altitude environment, enhancing the stability and anti-interference ability of the ecosystem. At the same time, the mixed configuration of perennial and annual grass seeds takes into account both short-term and long-term benefits, and can better promote the positive succession of plant communities.

[0049] In a specific embodiment, the grass seeds include Elymus nutans, Elymus sibiricus and annual ryegrass, and the mixing ratio of the three is 3:3:1.

[0050] In a specific implementation, the specific process of the spraying process is as follows:

[0051] Prepare various materials in proportion according to the capacity of the tank or barrel, add water to make it rotate and stir, then add materials in turn and stir for 30 minutes to make the slurry evenly mixed before spraying. During spraying, the centrifugal pump presses the slurry into the hose, sprays it out from the pipe head, and sprays it evenly. After each tank (or barrel) is sprayed, the above work should be repeated in time to prevent the material of the previous tank from being attached and deposited in the pipeline and pump. When spraying, spray in strips and blocks at a close distance, spray 4m to 6m each time, repeat and overlap 2m, and spray back and forth from the left and right directions. 5min-10min after spraying, water seeps down. At this time, the spraying thickness should be checked in time. If the thickness is insufficient, it should be sprayed immediately.

[0052] In a specific embodiment, after the spraying reaches the specified thickness, the non-woven fabric should be immediately covered to reduce water evaporation and prevent rain erosion. Specifically, a layer of 60g / m 2The non-woven fabric is fixed with 12# lead wire and 8# lead wire U-shaped nails. The lead wires are 1.5m apart horizontally and 2.0m apart vertically, and are pressed on the non-woven fabric. The U-shaped nails are 25cm long, 4cm wide, and 1.5m×2.0m apart to fix the lead wires. When the grass grows to about 3cm, the non-woven fabric should be uncovered to avoid hindering the growth of the grass.

[0053] In a specific implementation method, in order to prevent cattle and sheep from trampling and human interference and ensure the effectiveness of ecological restoration, it is advisable to implement fencing and enclose the slopes for ecological restoration and carry out closed management and protection. Fixed personnel are required to patrol for a long time, and relatively fixed and eye-catching signs are set up to indicate the method of closing, closing period, precautions, etc., and all kinds of human interference and livestock entry and exit are prohibited. If the closing period has been reached and the closing target has been achieved, the closing will be lifted in time; if the closing period has been reached but the closing target has not been achieved, the closing management and protection will continue.

[0054] Among them, the type of fence adopts grassland braided net fence.

[0055] The fence standard refers to the "Technical Specifications for Grassland Net Fence Construction" (NY / T 1237-2006) and the national machinery industry standard JB / T 7137-93 7138.1-7138.3-93. The quality of the braided wire fence product meets the JB / T 51068-1999 first-class standard. It is recommended to use 8×120×50 galvanized steel wire braided wire fence.

[0056] Fence construction will be carried out after the main slope ecological restoration project is completed.

[0057] The fence and its supporting piles are made of materials that can withstand the climate of high-cold areas and are implemented according to the construction drawings to form a completely enclosed fence that is strong and sturdy and resistant to livestock collisions.

[0058] Due to the special climate of the high-altitude and cold regions, the fences are professionally maintained once a year and damaged fences are repaired.

[0059] In a specific implementation method, it is also necessary to perform maintenance management on the slope, as follows:

[0060] (1) Irrigation

[0061] After spraying, observe the soil moisture according to the local climate conditions and irrigate and water in time to ensure the normal growth of plants;

[0062] Watering should follow the principle of appropriate amount, multiple times and uniformity;

[0063] The soil must be kept moist before germination, and the moisture should be controlled after germination. If the humidity is too high for a long time, the seedlings are prone to rot.

[0064] When watering, the water flow should be thin and slow, use a direct current spray water gun, and water thoroughly each time. After the seedlings emerge neatly from the soil, the number of watering can be reduced, and water again when the soil is completely dry.

[0065] Watering time: in the morning or after sunset in summer, and in the high temperature of noon in winter.

[0066] (2) Fertilization

[0067] According to the growth status of plants, appropriate fertilization measures can be taken. The use of fertilizers should comply with the relevant provisions of the current industry standard "Technical Guidelines for Environmental Safety of Fertilizer Use" HJ555. After the seedlings emerge, apply thin foliar fertilizer in time with watering 0.2g / m 2 ~0.3g / m 2 (Mainly nitrogen fertilizer), apply once every 3 days; after the seedlings emerge in an orderly manner, apply compound fertilizer mainly composed of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers at 40g / m 2 ~60g / m 2 , once every 7 days to promote the strong growth and lateral growth of seedlings. After the growth stabilizes, quick-acting fertilizer is applied every 3-6 months, and slow-release fertilizer is applied every 2-3 years.

[0068] (3) Pest and disease control

[0069] Pest and disease control should follow the principles of prevention first and comprehensive management. If prevention is not possible, timely treatment should be carried out after discovery, and prevention and control measures with less impact on the environment should be adopted.

[0070] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a damaged slope vegetation reconstruction structure in high-cold and high-altitude areas, comprising a first mesh layer, a greening substrate mixture layer, a second mesh layer and a greening substrate mixture layer containing grass seeds, which are sequentially laid on the trimmed slope surface.

[0071] The present invention adopts the above structure to reconstruct the vegetation on the slope, wherein the first hanging mesh layer can stabilize the slope surface and increase the roughness of the slope surface, creating conditions for the successful attachment of the spraying matrix layer; the matrix layer is sprayed on the first hanging mesh layer to solve the inadequacy of the innate soil site conditions of the damaged slope and provide conditions for the growth of vegetation; the second hanging mesh layer plays a role in stabilizing the spraying base layer. The present invention can achieve the reconstruction of the vegetation on the damaged slope in a high-cold and high-altitude environment by trimming the slope surface as the spraying operation surface and combining the multi-layer structure of the first hanging mesh, the second hanging mesh, and the spraying matrix layer.

[0072] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0073] 1. A structure and method for revegetating damaged slopes in high-cold and high-altitude areas provided by an embodiment of the present invention is used for slope repair in high-cold and high-altitude areas. The structure and method are guided by the natural integration of the repair effect, and the double-layer hanging net is used to achieve vegetation reconstruction and repair of damaged slopes. The repair effect is natural, can adapt to the special geographical environment of high-cold and high-altitude areas, and coordinate with the regional landscape.

[0074] 2. The embodiment of the present invention provides a structure and method for revegetating damaged slopes in high-cold and high-altitude areas. The spraying plants are Elymus nutans, Elymus sibiricus and annual ryegrass, which are the results of creative combination experiments of grass species in the western Sichuan Plateau over the years. They can adapt well to local environmental conditions and have good germination and growth performance. In addition, the annual grass species and perennial grass species are configured in terms of life form, taking into account both short-term and long-term effects, which is conducive to the positive succession of plant communities.

[0075] 3. The embodiment of the present invention provides a structure and method for reconstructing damaged slope vegetation in high-cold and high-altitude areas. Cow and sheep manure is a good organic biological fertilizer and is easy to obtain. Therefore, the fertilizer uses local native materials, cow and sheep manure, which has good social, ecological and economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0076] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0077] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a slope vegetation reconstruction structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0078] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of slope repair provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0079] Figure 3 A damaged slope netting diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0080] Figure 4 A construction drawing of a net-hanging spraying operation provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0081] Figure 5 The damaged slope vegetation late maintenance diagram provided by the embodiment of the present invention

[0082] Figure 6 The initial image of the damaged slope vegetation reconstruction provided by the embodiment of the present invention

[0083] Figure 7 A one-year map of damaged slope vegetation reconstruction provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0084] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their description are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0085] In the following description, a large number of specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it is apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that these specific details need not be employed to practice the present invention. In other embodiments, in order to avoid confusing the present invention, well-known materials or methods are not specifically described.

[0086] Throughout the specification, references to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "an example," or "an example" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, the phrases "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "an example," or "an example" appearing in various places throughout the specification do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment or example. In addition, particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in one or more embodiments or examples in any suitable combination and or subcombination. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0087] The "range" disclosed in the present application is defined in the form of a lower limit and an upper limit, and a given range is defined by selecting a lower limit and an upper limit, and the selected lower limit and upper limit define the boundaries of the particular range. The range defined in this way can be inclusive or exclusive of the end values, and can be arbitrarily combined, that is, any lower limit can be combined with any upper limit to form a range. For example, if a range of 60 to 120 and 80 to 110 is listed for a particular parameter, it is understood that a range of 60 to 110 and 80 to 120 is also expected. In addition, if the minimum range values ​​1 and 2 are listed, and if the maximum range values ​​3, 4 and 5 are listed, the following ranges can all be expected: 1 to 3, 1 to 4, 1 to 5, 2 to 3, 2 to 4 and 2 to 5. In the present application, unless otherwise specified, the numerical range "a to b" represents an abbreviation of any real number combination between a and b, where a and b are both real numbers. For example, the numerical range "0-5" means that all real numbers between "0-5" are listed in this document, and "0-5" is just an abbreviation of these numerical combinations. In addition, when a parameter is expressed as an integer ≥ 2, it is equivalent to disclosing that the parameter is, for example, an integer of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, etc.

[0088] If there is no special explanation, all steps of the present application can be performed sequentially or randomly, preferably sequentially. For example, the method includes steps (a) and (b), which means that the method may include steps (a) and (b) performed sequentially, or may include steps (b) and (a) performed sequentially. For example, the method may further include step (c), which means that step (c) may be added to the method in any order. For example, the method may include steps (a), (b) and (c), or may include steps (a), (c) and (b), or may include steps (c), (a) and (b), etc.

[0089] Example 1

[0090] like Figure 1 to Figure 7 As shown, the present invention provides a method for reconstructing damaged slope vegetation in high-cold and high-altitude areas, comprising the following steps:

[0091] S1, trimming the slope surface;

[0092] In step S1, slope finishing includes two aspects: slope finishing and side slope finishing design. Specifically:

[0093] 1. Slope finishing:

[0094] a) Dangerous rocks, floating stones, floating roots of plants, weeds and garbage on the slope should be removed, and low-lying or flat areas on the slope should be placed to stabilize the slope;

[0095] b) Woody plants on the slope should be retained, and their branches and trunks may be pruned.

[0096] 2. Slope modification design:

[0097] If the slope meets the requirements for spraying after the slope is prepared, the net can be laid and sprayed according to the subsequent steps;

[0098] If the slope surface still cannot meet the requirements of spraying after the slope surface is tidied, then for stable slopes with a slope ratio greater than 1:1.0, if conditions permit, a special slope finishing design plan needs to be formulated to finish the slope and slow down the slope before laying the net for spraying;

[0099] Among them, the slope modification mainly includes slope rate design, slope shape design, dangerous rock mass treatment, etc. There are two specific modification methods: slope conversion and slope shaping;

[0100] (1) Slope to Staircase

[0101] a) Mechanical excavation and filling can be adopted, and rolling and compaction can be carried out; if the top of the terrace is a hard rock layer, it should be mechanically excavated into a "dog-tooth" groove, and then backfilled with planting soil;

[0102] b) Step specifications: ladder height ≤ 3.0m, ladder (upper) width ≥ 1.5m, slope ≤ 45°;

[0103] c) When trimming the slope, the disturbance surface should be minimized. During construction, the surface grass layer should be placed aside and the topsoil should be cleaned and piled together;

[0104] d) After the slope is trimmed, the surface grass layer is fixed in the area with poor soil conditions on the stepped slope, and then watered and maintained: the remaining areas are backfilled with planting soil and sown with grass seeds.

[0105] (2) Shaping and Slope Reduction

[0106] Use mechanical excavation and filling methods to appropriately expand the wound surface and reduce the slope gradient, so that the final repaired slope is perfectly connected with the surrounding original natural terrain. When shaping and lowering the slope, pay attention to protecting the original vegetation and topsoil, and use them in later ecological restoration.

[0107] The following basic requirements should also be noted when carrying out slope trimming:

[0108] a) Slope trimming should be carried out from top to bottom and in sections, and should not be carried out crosswise;

[0109] b) Slope repair can be done by mechanical excavation or blasting. Low-lying areas can be properly covered with soil and compacted or filled with soil in vegetation bags until the reverse slope disappears. Protruding areas can be flattened. If there are large stones protruding from the slope, they can be retained as landscape stones.

[0110] c) The trimmed slope should be as flat as possible and coordinated with the surrounding natural terrain curve;

[0111] d) The trimmed slope surface should be conducive to the adhesion of the spraying matrix, and the smooth slope surface should be roughened;

[0112] e) After the slope is trimmed, a stability assessment should be conducted, and the subsequent spraying construction process should not affect the stability of the slope;

[0113] f) When the slope is located in an area with frequent human and vehicle activities, facilities such as safety nets should be installed to prevent falling rocks.

[0114] The above slope finishing and side slope finishing adopt conventional slope finishing technology, so its specific construction operation can be appropriately selected and adjusted according to the actual situation of the slope, which will not be elaborated in detail here.

[0115] In a specific implementation, the slope needs to be trimmed by appropriately using the method of up-cutting and down-filling. The result of the slope trimming is that the spraying operation surface of the first hanging net and the second hanging net is at an angle of 30 to 40 degrees with the horizon, which is not only conducive to the stability of the slope, but also convenient for natural cutting into the surrounding terrain.

[0116] There are two points to note when tidying up the slope:

[0117] When expanding the wound surface, pay attention to protecting the native vegetation and topsoil, and use them in the ecological restoration of the damaged slopes;

[0118] Make good connections with the surrounding natural terrain to make the final restoration effect natural.

[0119] S2, laying the first hanging net on the trimmed slope;

[0120] (1) Netting quality requirements

[0121] The first hanging net and the second hanging net both use double-layer 14# galvanized wire mesh with strong corrosion resistance. The mesh size of the galvanized wire mesh is not less than 50mm×50mm to ensure that the base material mixture will not block the mesh. If the mesh is too small, the base material mixture will easily block the mesh during spraying construction, making it impossible to effectively spray the base material mixture under the net and in a suspended state.

[0122] (2) Anchor design

[0123] The main function is to fix the net on the slope. The anchor rod is made of A3 steel, #12, asphalt anti-corrosion, the steel pad size is 60mm×60mm×3mm, and the cement roll is anchored. The rock surface of the slope is relatively broken, and two types of anchor rods, long and short, are used, with anchor depths of 100cm and 50cm respectively. The anchor rod spacing is 100cm.

[0124] (3) Laying

[0125] Lay the galvanized wire mesh on the slope from top to bottom along the slope, keeping a smooth connection between the wire mesh and the slope. When laying the wire mesh, if the slope leveling treatment still cannot handle the depressions formed on the spot, you can fill them with materials such as straw.

[0126] S3, spraying the greening substrate mixture on the first hanging net;

[0127] Spraying matrix

[0128] The greening substrate mixture is mainly composed of greening substrate, planting soil and fiber mixed in a certain proportion; wherein the greening substrate adopts animal manure, pulp, compound fertilizer, water retaining agent, adhesive and water, the planting soil adopts clay loam that is crushed and air-dried and passed through an 8mm sieve, and the fiber adopts straw that is crushed into 10mm-15mm length.

[0129] In a specific embodiment, the total spraying thickness of the greening substrate mixture is 10 cm, and the spraying thickness of the greening substrate mixture containing grass seeds is 2 cm.

[0130] In a specific embodiment, the greening substrate mixture includes the following components in parts by mass: 40-45 parts of clay loam, 530-540 parts of animal manure, 95-105 parts of pulp, 40-50 parts of fiber, 130-140 parts of compound fertilizer, 10-11 parts of water retaining agent, 10-11 parts of adhesive and 0.5-1 part of water.

[0131] S4, laying a second hanging net on the greening substrate mixture;

[0132] S5, spraying a greening substrate mixture containing grass seeds on the second hanging net;

[0133] The greening substrate mixture containing grass seeds is formed by mixing the greening substrate mixture and plant seeds. The greening substrate mixture is mainly formed by mixing greening substrate, planting soil and fiber in a certain proportion, and the proportion of the ingredients is consistent with the above.

[0134] Grass Seed Plant Selection

[0135] According to the actual situation of the damaged slope plots and the grass seed combination screening tests in the western Sichuan Plateau over the years, the selected grass seeds must adapt to the local environmental conditions and have good germination and growth performance. The selected grass seeds are drooping spikelet alkali grass, old sibiricus, and annual ryegrass. The seed amount is determined according to local conditions. The average amount of grass seed sprayed per hectare is 105kg (including reseeding). The average reference seeding amount for spraying in the treated plots: drooping spikelet alkali grass 45kg / hm 2 + Old sibiricum 45kg / hm 2 + Annual ryegrass 15kg / hm 2 .

[0136] In a specific embodiment, the amount of the grass seed-containing greening substrate mixture spraying material per mu is as follows:

[0137]

[0138] In a specific implementation, the specific process of the spraying process is as follows:

[0139] Prepare various materials in proportion according to the capacity of the tank or barrel, add water to make it rotate and stir, then add materials in turn and stir for 30 minutes to make the slurry evenly mixed before spraying. During spraying, the centrifugal pump presses the slurry into the hose, sprays it out from the pipe head, and sprays it evenly. After each tank (or barrel) is sprayed, the above work should be repeated in time to prevent the material of the previous tank from being attached and deposited in the pipeline and pump. When spraying, spray in strips and blocks at a close distance, spray 4m to 6m each time, repeat and overlap 2m, and spray back and forth from the left and right directions. 5min-10min after spraying, water seeps down. At this time, the spraying thickness should be checked in time. If the thickness is insufficient, it should be sprayed immediately.

[0140] S6, nonwoven fabric immediately covered after spraying;

[0141] When the spraying reaches the specified thickness, it should be covered with non-woven fabric immediately to reduce water evaporation and prevent rain erosion. Specifically, a layer of 60g / m 2 The non-woven fabric is fixed with 12# lead wire and 8# lead wire U-shaped nails. The lead wires are 1.5m apart horizontally and 2.0m apart vertically, and are pressed on the non-woven fabric. The U-shaped nails are 25cm long, 4cm wide, and 1.5m×2.0m apart to fix the lead wires. When the grass grows to about 3cm, the non-woven fabric should be uncovered to avoid hindering the growth of the grass.

[0142] S7: To prevent cattle and sheep from trampling and human interference and to ensure the effectiveness of ecological restoration, it is advisable to fence off the slopes for ecological restoration and carry out closed management and protection;

[0143] Fixed personnel are required to patrol the area for a long time, and relatively fixed and eye-catching signs are set up to indicate the method of closure, closure period, precautions, etc., and all kinds of human interference and livestock entry and exit are prohibited. If the closure period has been reached and the closure target has been achieved, the closure will be lifted in a timely manner; if the closure period has been reached but the closure target has not been achieved, the closure management and protection will continue.

[0144] In a specific embodiment, the type of fence is a prairie net fence.

[0145] The fence standard refers to the "Technical Specifications for Grassland Net Fence Construction" (NY / T 1237-2006) and the national machinery industry standard JB / T 7137-93 7138.1-7138.3-93. The quality of the braided wire fence product meets the JB / T 51068-1999 first-class standard. It is recommended to use 8×120×50 galvanized steel wire braided wire fence.

[0146] Fence construction will be carried out after the main slope ecological restoration project is completed.

[0147] The fence and its supporting piles are made of materials that can withstand the climate of high-cold areas and are implemented according to the construction drawings to form a completely enclosed fence that is strong and sturdy and resistant to livestock collisions.

[0148] Due to the special climate of the high-altitude area, the fences are professionally maintained once a year and damaged fences are repaired.

[0149] S7, carry out maintenance and management of slope restoration plants, as follows:

[0150] (1) Irrigation

[0151] After spraying, observe the soil moisture according to the local climate conditions and irrigate and water in time to ensure the normal growth of plants;

[0152] Watering should follow the principle of appropriate amount, multiple times and uniformity;

[0153] The soil must be kept moist before germination, and the moisture should be controlled after germination. If the humidity is too high for a long time, the seedlings are prone to rot.

[0154] When watering, the water flow should be thin and slow, use a direct current spray water gun, and water thoroughly each time. After the seedlings emerge neatly from the soil, the number of watering can be reduced, and water again when the soil is completely dry.

[0155] Watering time: in the morning or after sunset in summer, and in the high temperature of noon in winter.

[0156] (2) Fertilization

[0157] According to the growth status of plants, appropriate fertilization measures can be taken. The use of fertilizers should comply with the relevant provisions of the current industry standard "Technical Guidelines for Environmental Safety of Fertilizer Use" HJ555. After the seedlings emerge, apply thin foliar fertilizer in time with watering 0.2g / m 2 ~0.3g / m 2 (Mainly nitrogen fertilizer), apply once every 3 days; after the seedlings emerge in an orderly manner, apply compound fertilizer mainly composed of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers at 40g / m 2 ~60g / m 2 , once every 7 days to promote the healthy growth and lateral growth of seedlings. After stable growth, quick-acting fertilizers are applied every 3 to 6 months, and slow-release fertilizers are applied every 2 to 3 years.

[0158] (3) Pest and disease control

[0159] Pest and disease control should follow the principles of prevention first and comprehensive management. If prevention is not possible, timely treatment should be carried out after discovery, and prevention and control measures with less impact on the environment should be adopted.

[0160] The specific implementation methods described above further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific implementation method of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for revegetation of damaged slopes in cold and high altitude areas, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, trimming the slope surface; S2, laying the first hanging net on the trimmed slope; S3, spraying the greening substrate mixture on the first hanging net; S4, laying a second hanging net on the greening substrate mixture; S5, spraying a greening substrate mixture containing grass seeds on the second hanging net; S6, cover with non-woven fabric immediately after spraying.

2. The method for revegetation of damaged slopes in high-cold and high-altitude areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S1, slope finishing includes slope finishing and side slope finishing design; The slope surface preparation includes removing dangerous rocks, floating stones, floating roots of plants, weeds or garbage from the slope surface; The slope modification design includes slope rate design, slope shape design and dangerous rock mass treatment.

3. The method for revegetation of damaged slopes in high-cold and high-altitude areas according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The slope angle is trimmed to 30-40° by cutting up and filling down.

4. The method for revegetation of damaged slopes in high-cold and high-altitude areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first hanging net and the second hanging net are both made of galvanized wire mesh, and the mesh size of the galvanized wire mesh is not less than 50mm×50mm.

5. The method for revegetation of damaged slopes in high-cold and high-altitude areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first hanging net and the second hanging net are fixed on the slope surface by anchor rods.

6. The method for revegetation of damaged slopes in high-cold and high-altitude areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The total spraying thickness of the greening base material mixture is 10 cm, wherein the spraying thickness of the greening base material mixture containing grass seeds is 2 to 3 cm.

7. The method for revegetating damaged slopes in high-cold and high-altitude areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The greening substrate mixture includes clay loam, animal excrement, paper pulp, fiber, compound fertilizer, water retaining agent, adhesive and water.

8. The method for revegetation of damaged slopes in high-cold and high-altitude areas according to claim 7, characterized in that: The greening substrate mixture comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-45 parts of clay loam, 530-540 parts of animal manure, 95-105 parts of pulp, 40-50 parts of fiber, 130-140 parts of compound fertilizer, 10-11 parts of water retaining agent, 10-11 parts of adhesive and 0.5-1 part of water.

9. The method for revegetating damaged slopes in cold and high altitude areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grass seeds include one or more of Elymus nutans, Elymus sibiricus and annual ryegrass.

10. A slope vegetation reconstruction structure based on the damaged slope vegetation reconstruction method in high-cold and high-altitude areas according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The method comprises a first mesh layer, a greening substrate mixture layer, a second mesh layer and a greening substrate mixture layer containing grass seeds, which are laid in sequence on the trimmed slope surface.

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