Antibacterial high-flame-retardant ABS composite material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of high polymer materials, and discloses an antibacterial high-flame-retardant ABS composite material and a preparation method thereof, the antibacterial high-flame-retardant ABS composite material is processed from the following raw materials by weight: 100 parts of ABS resin, 15-25 parts of a composite flame retardant, 1-2 parts of a deodorant, 2-5 parts of a compatilizer, and 2.5-12 parts of a composite antibacterial agent. The ABS material has certain flame retardance, and ammonium polyphosphate, melamine polyphosphate, nano silicon dioxide and expanded graphite are mixed and added, so that the flame-retardant material can be decomposed at high temperature to generate a large amount of gas and water vapor, a protective layer is formed, flame spreading is prevented, the flame retardance of the material is greatly improved, and the flame-retardant performance of the material is improved. And by adding the compatilizer and the deodorant, the compatibility among the materials is high, no peculiar smell exists during production, the comfort degree during use is improved, the material is safe and environment-friendly, the product performance is improved, it is ensured that the material can be used in different fields, and the universality and practicability are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of polymer materials, and specifically relates to an antibacterial and highly flame-retardant ABS composite material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] ABS material is the abbreviation of acrylonitrile, butadiene and styrene copolymer board. It is a polymer artificial board that combines the excellent properties of PS board, SAN board, BS board, such as wear resistance, oil resistance, impact resistance, etc., and has become a new material in the fields of food industry parts, building models, refrigerator refrigeration industry, etc.

[0003] The antibacterial and highly flame-retardant ABS composite material is a high-performance composite material prepared by a special process on the basis of ABS by adding functional components such as flame retardants and antibacterial agents. This material has high flame retardancy and can meet the fire protection requirements of different application scenarios. The surface of the material can inhibit or kill microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses, improve the hygienic properties and safety of the material, so that the material is often used in the automotive industry to manufacture body parts and interior parts, such as dashboards, door panels, seats, headlight covers, etc. Its strength, impact resistance and chemical resistance make it an ideal material for the manufacture of automotive parts. In addition, the lightweight characteristics of ABS composite materials help reduce the weight of the vehicle, thereby saving fuel.

[0004] The addition of flame retardants to current ABS composite materials will affect the heat resistance of the material, making the composite material easily deformed or ineffective at high temperatures, limiting its application in high temperature environments. In addition, traditional composite materials have poor flame retardant effects. Increasing the amount of flame retardant added will affect the mechanical properties and processing properties of the material, so it needs to be improved and optimized. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide an antibacterial and highly flame-retardant ABS composite material and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical scheme: an antibacterial and highly flame-retardant ABS composite material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the antibacterial and highly flame-retardant ABS composite material is processed from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of ABS resin, 15-25 parts of a composite flame retardant, 1-2 parts of a deodorant, 2-5 parts of a compatibilizer, and 2.5-12 parts of a composite antibacterial agent.

[0007] Preferably, the preparation method is as follows:

[0008] S1, mixing ammonium polyphosphate, melamine polyphosphate, nano silicon dioxide, expanded graphite, a deodorant and a compatibilizer to obtain a flame retardant mixture;

[0009] S2, coating the nano silver particles with a polymer coating material;

[0010] S3, mixing the coated nano silver particles, quaternary ammonium salt, nano titanium dioxide and compatibilizer to obtain an antibacterial agent mixture;

[0011] S4, melt-blending the ABS resin with the flame retardant mixture and the antibacterial agent mixture in a molten state;

[0012] S5, after melt blending at 200-250° C. for 10-30 minutes, extruding through an extruder, and then cooling and pelletizing to complete the preparation.

[0013] Preferably, the composite flame retardant is composed of ammonium polyphosphate, melamine polyphosphate, nano silicon dioxide, expanded graphite and deodorant;

[0014] The mass ratio is (15-20):(5-10):(2-5):(3-8):(1-2).

[0015] Preferably, the preparation method of the composite flame retardant is:

[0016] A1, prepare the required materials and weigh the quantity of each material;

[0017] A2, premixing ammonium polyphosphate, melamine polyphosphate and nano silicon dioxide;

[0018] A3, add expanded graphite after mixing to avoid premature expansion of expanded graphite during the mixing process, which affects the mixing effect;

[0019] A4, after adding the expanded graphite, add the deodorant and compatibilizer to the mixture, put it into a high-speed mixer and mix it at an appropriate speed and time;

[0020] A5, During the mixing process, the state of the mixture should be observed regularly to ensure its uniformity and consistency, and finally a composite flame retardant mixture is obtained.

[0021] Preferably, the composite antibacterial agent is composed of nano silver particles, quaternary ammonium salt and nano titanium dioxide;

[0022] The mass ratio is (0.5-2):(2-5):(2-5).

[0023] Preferably, the preparation method of the composite antibacterial agent is:

[0024] B1, firstly coating the nano silver particles with a polymer coating material;

[0025] B2, according to the formula ratio, accurately weigh the amount of coated nano silver particles, quaternary ammonium salt antibacterial agent, nano titanium dioxide and compatibilizer;

[0026] B3, put the weighed materials into a high-speed mixer for high-speed mixing to ensure full contact and uniform dispersion between the materials;

[0027] B4, judge the mixing effect by observing the color, particle size and uniformity of the mixture;

[0028] B5, after the mixing is completed, a composite antibacterial agent mixture is obtained, and the ABS resin is melt-blended with the flame retardant mixture and the antibacterial agent mixture in a molten state.

[0029] Preferably, the deodorant uses activated carbon to reduce the odor generated by the flame retardant itself and during the processing;

[0030] The compatibilizer adopts maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene MAH-g-PE, which improves the compatibility of the flame retardant and the antibacterial agent with the ABS resin and ensures the uniform dispersion of the flame retardant in the material.

[0031] Preferably, after the nano-silver particles are coated with the polymer material, the contact between the particles is effectively isolated, and agglomeration is avoided, so that the nano-silver particles are more evenly dispersed in the ABS.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0033] 1. The present invention utilizes the flame retardancy of ABS material itself, and adds ammonium polyphosphate, melamine polyphosphate, nano-silicon dioxide and expanded graphite in combination, so that these flame retardant materials can decompose at high temperature to generate a large amount of gas and water vapor, forming a protective layer to prevent the spread of flames, thereby greatly improving the flame retardancy of the material. In addition, by adding compatibilizers and deodorizers, the materials are highly compatible, there is no odor during production, the comfort level during use is improved, safety and environmental protection are achieved, and product performance is improved.

[0034] 2. The present invention enables the material to destroy the cell wall and cell membrane of bacteria by adding coated nano-silver particles, thereby achieving a bactericidal effect. With the antibacterial properties of quaternary ammonium salts, the cationic active groups combine with the anions on the bacterial cell wall to change the permeability of the bacterial cell wall, further killing the bacteria, thereby greatly improving the antibacterial performance of the material, ensuring that the material can be used in different fields, and improving versatility and practicality.

[0035] 3. The present invention optimizes the antibacterial agent and the flame retardant so that the material has excellent comprehensive performance while ensuring its good mechanical properties and good impact resistance. It can be applied in a variety of application scenarios and provide users with efficient, safe and reliable solutions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 This is a formula diagram of the composite flame retardant of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a formula diagram of the composite antibacterial agent of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] like Figure 1 to Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides an antibacterial and highly flame-retardant ABS composite material and a preparation method thereof. The antibacterial and highly flame-retardant ABS composite material is processed from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of ABS resin, 15-25 parts of a composite flame retardant, 1-2 parts of a deodorant, 2-5 parts of a compatibilizer, and 2.5-12 parts of a composite antibacterial agent.

[0040] Through the flame retardancy of ABS material itself, in combination with the addition of ammonium polyphosphate, melamine polyphosphate, nano-silicon dioxide and expanded graphite, these flame retardant materials can decompose at high temperature to produce a large amount of gas and water vapor, forming a protective layer to prevent the spread of flames, greatly improving the flame retardancy of the material. In addition, through the addition of compatibilizers and deodorizers, the materials are highly compatible, there is no odor during production, the comfort level during use is improved, safety and environmental protection, and the product performance is improved.

[0041] Wherein, the preparation method is specifically as follows:

[0042] S1, ammonium polyphosphate (APP), melamine polyphosphate (MPP), nano silicon dioxide (SiO2), expanded graphite (EG), a deodorant and a compatibilizer (MAH-g-PE) are uniformly mixed to obtain a flame retardant mixture;

[0043] S2, coating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with a polymer coating material;

[0044] S3, mixing the coated nano silver particles, quaternary ammonium salt, nano titanium dioxide (TiO2) and a compatibilizer to obtain an antibacterial agent mixture;

[0045] S4, melt-blending the ABS resin with the flame retardant mixture and the antibacterial agent mixture in a molten state;

[0046] After mixing is completed, the mixing effect can be judged by observing the color, particle size and uniformity of the mixture. If the mixing effect is not good, it can be re-mixed. After preparation is completed, the prepared ABS material is subjected to performance tests, including flame retardant performance tests, antibacterial performance tests and mechanical performance tests, to ensure that it meets the requirements of practical applications.

[0047] The composite flame retardant is composed of ammonium polyphosphate (APP), melamine polyphosphate (MPP), nano silicon dioxide (SiO2), expanded graphite (EG) and a deodorant;

[0048] The mass ratio is (15-20):(5-10):(2-5):(3-8):(1-2).

[0049] Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) can form a phosphate protective layer when burning, isolating oxygen and heat, while promoting the formation of a carbon layer and improving the flame retardant effect; melamine polyphosphate (MPP) combines the advantages of nitrogen-based and phosphorus-based flame retardants, can release nitrogen during combustion and promote the formation of a carbon layer, further enhancing the flame retardant properties; nano-silicon dioxide (SiO2) is an inorganic flame retardant that can enhance the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the material, while promoting the densification of the carbon layer and improving the flame retardant effect; expanded graphite (EG) can rapidly expand during combustion to form a carbon foam layer that isolates heat and oxygen and effectively prevents the spread of flames. Once the fire source disappears, the material will immediately extinguish and will not continue to burn, effectively reducing the losses caused by the fire.

[0050] Wherein, the preparation method of the composite flame retardant is:

[0051] A1, prepare the required materials and weigh the quantity of each material;

[0052] A2, premix the ammonium polyphosphate, melamine polyphosphate and nano-silicon dioxide (by manual stirring or using a low-speed stirrer);

[0053] A3, add expanded graphite after mixing to avoid premature expansion of expanded graphite during the mixing process, which affects the mixing effect;

[0054] A4, after adding the expanded graphite, add the deodorant and compatibilizer to the mixture, put it into a high-speed mixer and mix it at an appropriate speed and time;

[0055] A5, During the mixing process, the state of the mixture should be observed regularly to ensure its uniformity and consistency, and finally a composite flame retardant mixture is obtained.

[0056] Wherein, the composite antibacterial agent is composed of nano silver particles (AgNPs), quaternary ammonium salt and nano titanium dioxide (TiO2);

[0057] The mass ratio is (0.5-2):(2-5):(2-5).

[0058] Nanosilver particles (AgNPs) as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent can destroy the bacterial cell membrane and DNA, thereby inhibiting the growth and reproduction of bacteria; quaternary ammonium salts have broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and can destroy the bacterial cell wall and inhibit its growth; nano titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a photocatalytic antibacterial agent can produce highly oxidizing free radicals under ultraviolet light to kill bacteria. At the same time, nano titanium dioxide (TiO2) can also serve as a carrier to improve the dispersibility and stability of nanosilver particles (AgNPs).

[0059] By adding coated nanosilver particles, the material can destroy the cell walls and cell membranes of bacteria, thereby achieving a bactericidal effect. Assisted by the antibacterial properties of quaternary ammonium salts, the cationic active groups combine with the anions on the bacterial cell walls, changing the permeability of the bacterial cell walls and further killing the bacteria, thus greatly improving the antibacterial properties of the material and ensuring that the material can be used in different fields, improving its versatility and practicality.

[0060] Wherein, the preparation method of the composite antibacterial agent is:

[0061] B1, firstly, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are coated with a polymer coating material;

[0062] The coating process can be carried out by a solution method and an emulsion method. After the coating is completed, the coated nanosilver particles can be observed by electron microscopy to evaluate the coating effect and dispersibility.

[0063] B2, according to the formula ratio, accurately weigh the amount of coated nano silver particles, quaternary ammonium salt antibacterial agent, nano titanium dioxide (TiO2) and compatibilizer;

[0064] B3, put the weighed materials into a high-speed mixer for high-speed mixing to ensure full contact and uniform dispersion between the materials;

[0065] B4, judge the mixing effect by observing the color, particle size and uniformity of the mixture;

[0066] B5, after the mixing is completed, a composite antibacterial agent mixture is obtained, and the ABS resin is melt-blended with the flame retardant mixture and the antibacterial agent mixture in a molten state.

[0067] The deodorant uses activated carbon to reduce the odor generated by the flame retardant itself and during the processing;

[0068] The compatibilizer adopts maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene MAH-g-PE, which improves the compatibility of the flame retardant and the antibacterial agent with the ABS resin and ensures the uniform dispersion of the flame retardant in the material.

[0069] Among them, after the nanosilver particles (AgNPs) are coated with the polymer material, the mutual contact between the particles is effectively isolated to avoid agglomeration, so that the nanosilver particles (AgNPs) are more evenly dispersed in ABS. If the antibacterial agent has a poor dispersion effect in ABS resin and agglomeration or uneven distribution occurs, an appropriate amount of dispersant can be added to improve the dispersibility.

[0070] By optimizing the antimicrobial agent and flame retardant, the material has excellent comprehensive performance while ensuring its good mechanical properties and impact resistance. It can be used in a variety of application scenarios to provide users with efficient, safe and reliable solutions. It can be used in automotive accessories such as center consoles, battery casings, etc. to cope with possible fires or high temperature environments inside the car to ensure the safety of drivers and passengers.

[0071] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0072] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An antibacterial and highly flame-retardant ABS composite material, characterized by: The antibacterial and highly flame-retardant ABS composite material is processed from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of ABS resin, 15-25 parts of composite flame retardant, 1-2 parts of deodorant, 2-5 parts of compatibilizer, and 2.5-12 parts of composite antibacterial agent.

2. A method for preparing an antibacterial and highly flame-retardant ABS composite material, characterized in that: The preparation method is specifically as follows: S1, mixing ammonium polyphosphate, melamine polyphosphate, nano silicon dioxide, expanded graphite, a deodorant and a compatibilizer to obtain a flame retardant mixture; S2, coating the nano silver particles with a polymer coating material; S3, mixing the coated nano silver particles, quaternary ammonium salt, nano titanium dioxide and compatibilizer to obtain an antibacterial agent mixture; S4, melt-blending the ABS resin with the flame retardant mixture and the antibacterial agent mixture in a molten state; S5, after melt blending at 200-250° C. for 10-30 minutes, extruding through an extruder, and then cooling and pelletizing to complete the preparation.

3. The antibacterial and highly flame-retardant ABS composite material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The composite flame retardant is composed of ammonium polyphosphate, melamine polyphosphate, nano silicon dioxide, expanded graphite and deodorant; The mass ratio is (15-20):(5-10):(2-5):(3-8):(1-2).

4. The antibacterial and highly flame-retardant ABS composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the composite flame retardant is: A1, prepare the required materials and weigh the quantity of each material; A2, premixing ammonium polyphosphate, melamine polyphosphate and nano silicon dioxide; A3, add expanded graphite after mixing to avoid premature expansion of expanded graphite during the mixing process, which affects the mixing effect; A4, after adding the expanded graphite, add the deodorant and compatibilizer to the mixture, put it into a high-speed mixer and mix it at an appropriate speed and time; A5, During the mixing process, the state of the mixture should be observed regularly to ensure its uniformity and consistency, and finally a composite flame retardant mixture is obtained.

5. The antibacterial and highly flame-retardant ABS composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite antibacterial agent is composed of nano silver particles, quaternary ammonium salt and nano titanium dioxide; The mass ratio is (0.5-2):(2-5):(2-5).

6. The antibacterial and highly flame-retardant ABS composite material according to claim 5, characterized in that: The preparation method of the composite antibacterial agent is: B1, firstly coating the nano silver particles with a polymer coating material; B2, according to the formula ratio, accurately weigh the amount of coated nano silver particles, quaternary ammonium salt antibacterial agent, nano titanium dioxide and compatibilizer; B3, put the weighed materials into a high-speed mixer for high-speed mixing to ensure full contact and uniform dispersion between the materials; B4, judge the mixing effect by observing the color, particle size and uniformity of the mixture; B5, after the mixing is completed, a composite antibacterial agent mixture is obtained, and the ABS resin is melt-blended with the flame retardant mixture and the antibacterial agent mixture in a molten state.

7. The antibacterial and highly flame-retardant ABS composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The deodorant uses activated carbon to reduce the odor generated by the flame retardant itself and during the processing; The compatibilizer adopts maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene MAH-g-PE to improve the compatibility of the flame retardant and the antibacterial agent with the ABS resin and ensure the uniform dispersion of the flame retardant in the material.

8. The antibacterial and highly flame-retardant ABS composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the nano silver particles are coated with the polymer material, the mutual contact between the particles is effectively isolated, and the agglomeration phenomenon is avoided, so that the nano silver particles are dispersed more evenly in the ABS.

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