Solar energy and wind energy temperature increasing hanging paving system and method for preventing freezing injury of tunnel in cold region

Abstract

The invention discloses a solar energy and wind energy temperature increasing hanging and paving system and method for preventing freezing injury of a tunnel in a cold region. The system comprises a solar power generation device, a wind energy power generation device, a solar cooker, a hanging and paving pulley device and a heating cable pipeline. The solar cooker is connected with a tunnel entrance section heating cable pipeline; the heating cable pipeline is laid on the surface of a tunnel center ditch and the surface of a tunnel second lining. The solar power generation device and the wind power generation device are located on the outer side of the tunnel entrance section and provide electric energy for a power source in the tunnel. The hanging and laying pulley device is embedded in the surface of the tunnel secondary lining and can drive a heating cable pipeline on the surface of the tunnel secondary lining to move in the longitudinal direction of a tunnel. Clean energy in the cold region can be fully utilized, the heating efficiency is high, the heat preservation effect is good, the device structure is simple, the heating power can be automatically adjusted according to the environment temperature, manual guarding is not needed, the problem of cold region tunnel freezing damage can be thoroughly solved, the tunnel structure durability is enhanced, and driving safety is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of freezing protection for tunnels in cold regions, and in particular to a solar and wind energy heating and hanging paving system and method for freezing protection for tunnels in cold regions. Background Art

[0002] More and more tunnel projects are being built in cold regions, which are widely distributed and concentrated in high latitudes and high altitudes. The freeze-thaw effects faced by construction and operation of tunnels will cause lining damage and expansion cracks, vault ice, drainage system freezing, roadbed ice accumulation and expansion cracks, sidewall ice accumulation and cracking, etc., which will cause serious damage and destruction to the tunnel structure and greatly shorten its service life. In addition, if the accumulation of water and ice on the lining structure is not solved in time, the resulting icicles and ice cones will also invade the tunnel limit, and the block falling and roadbed freezing caused by expansion and cracking will bring major hidden dangers to the safety of driving and personnel in the tunnel.

[0003] In order to improve the antifreeze and heat preservation capacity of tunnels in cold regions and reduce the engineering diseases caused by freeze-thaw cycles, scholars at home and abroad have conducted a lot of research work. Conventional tunnel frost damage prevention and control technologies can be divided into passive prevention and control and active prevention and control. Passive prevention and control measures mainly include setting up cold-proof and heat-insulating doors and laying heat-insulating layers, while active prevention and control measures include electric heating, ground-source heat pump, air curtain insulation, etc. At present, the cold-region tunnel frost damage prevention and control measures are mainly passive prevention and control, with complex construction technology, high cost investment and high maintenance costs. The electric heating method in the active prevention and control measures uses electric heating wire to convert electrical energy into thermal energy and transfer it to the heated body to achieve the heating and heat preservation effect required by the system. Through heat dissipation, the tunnel drainage system is always maintained at a positive temperature state, thereby achieving the purpose of tunnel cold protection. However, this method consumes a lot of energy, especially when the tunnel is long, the electric heating system for tunnel cold protection will consume more electricity; in addition, the tunnel entrance is connected to the external environment, and the electric heating system heats up the tunnel entrance slowly, resulting in the tunnel entrance being prone to frost damage. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a solar and wind energy heating hanging paving system and method for preventing freezing damage in cold-region tunnels, so as to completely solve the freezing damage problem in cold-region tunnels and ensure the normal operation of the tunnels.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] In the first aspect of the present invention, a solar and wind energy heating hanging paving system for preventing freezing damage in cold-region tunnels is provided, comprising a solar power generation device, a wind power generation device, a solar cooker, a hanging paving pulley device and a heating cable pipeline; the solar cooker is connected to the heating cable pipeline at the entrance section of the tunnel; the heating cable pipeline is laid in the central ditch of the tunnel and on the surface of the secondary lining of the tunnel; the solar power generation device and the wind power generation device are located outside the entrance section of the tunnel, and provide electrical energy to the power supply in the tunnel respectively; the hanging paving pulley device is embedded in the surface of the secondary lining of the tunnel, and the hanging paving pulley device can drive the heating cable pipeline on the surface of the secondary lining of the tunnel to move longitudinally along the tunnel.

[0007] In some embodiments of the present invention, the heating cable pipeline at the central ditch of the tunnel is laid longitudinally along the tunnel, and the heating cable pipeline at the surface of the secondary lining of the tunnel is laid between the secondary lining of the tunnel and the insulation layer, and is laid circumferentially along the tunnel and distributed in an S shape.

[0008] In some embodiments of the present invention, the heating cable pipelines at the central water ditch of the tunnel and the surface of the secondary lining of the tunnel are connected to a power supply in the tunnel, and an NTC thermistor is arranged inside the power supply.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present invention, the heating cable pipeline includes a heating copper wire, an insulating material magnesium oxide and a stainless steel sheath arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside. The heating copper wire is used to generate heat, the magnesium oxide acts as an insulating material, and the stainless steel sheath conducts heat. The outside of the heating cable pipeline located at the tunnel entrance section is also provided with an insulating sleeve.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present invention, the solar cooker is arranged outside the tunnel entrance end, and the solar cooker heats the stainless steel jacket of the heating cable pipeline in the tunnel portal section.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present invention, the hanging pulley device includes a movable pulley, the bottom of the movable pulley is connected to the heating cable pipeline, and the movable pulley moves longitudinally along the tunnel, thereby driving the heating cable pipeline to move longitudinally along the tunnel.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of the paving hanging pulley devices are provided along the circumferential direction and the longitudinal direction of the tunnel.

[0013] In a second aspect of the present invention, a working method of a solar and wind energy heating hanging paving system for preventing freezing damage in cold-region tunnels is provided, comprising:

[0014] Independent solar heating: Solar energy is used in two parts. One part is to collect heat directly on the stainless steel sheath of the heating cable through the solar cooker, accelerate the temperature increase of the entrance section, and transfer the heat from the entrance section to the inside; the other part is to convert light energy into electrical energy through solar power generation equipment, store it in the power supply, and convert electrical energy into heat energy;

[0015] Wind energy independent warming method: wind energy is converted into electrical energy through wind power generation device, stored in power source, and electrical energy is converted into heat energy;

[0016] Solar-wind combined warming method: The tunnel is heated by solar cookers, solar power generation equipment, and wind power generation equipment.

[0017] In some embodiments of the present invention, during the process of heating the tunnel, the NTC thermistor in the power supply adjusts the heating power generated by the heating cable according to the ambient temperature.

[0018] In a third aspect of the present invention, a construction method of a solar and wind energy heating hanging paving system for preventing freezing damage in cold-region tunnels is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0019] Initial support and secondary lining after tunnel excavation;

[0020] Install a hanging pulley device on the secondary lining, and lay a heating cable pipeline on the surface of the secondary lining, connect it to the hanging pulley device, and connect it to the power supply in the tunnel to form a closed loop;

[0021] Lay a heating cable pipeline in the central ditch and connect it to the power supply in the tunnel to form a closed loop;

[0022] An NTC thermistor is installed in the power supply in the tunnel to adjust the output power according to the ambient temperature;

[0023] A solar cooker is arranged above the tunnel entrance section and connected to the heating cable pipeline in the tunnel;

[0024] An insulation layer is laid on the outside of the heating cable in the tunnel, and an insulation sleeve is installed on the outside of the heating cable at the entrance section;

[0025] Solar power generation devices and wind power generation devices are installed on the outside of the tunnel surrounding rock, and the output wires are connected to the power supply inside the tunnel to provide electricity for the normal operation of the system.

[0026] One or more technical solutions of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0027] (1) The solar and wind energy heating hanging laying system for preventing freezing damage in cold-region tunnels provided by the present invention can make full use of clean energy in cold regions, has high heating efficiency, good insulation effect, simple device structure, and can adjust the heating power according to the ambient temperature without manual supervision. At the same time, the heating cable and the insulation layer can be extended along the driving direction through the hanging laying pulley device, which is convenient to use. It can completely solve the freezing damage problem of tunnels in cold regions, enhance the durability of the tunnel structure, and ensure driving safety.

[0028] (2) The solar and wind energy heating hanging system for preventing freezing damage in cold-region tunnels provided by the present invention has heating cables laid in the central ditch of the tunnel and the surface of the secondary lining of the tunnel, which can heat and insulate the central ditch and the lining structure to avoid freezing damage to the tunnel; the heating cables at the secondary lining of the tunnel are laid along the tunnel circumference and distributed in an S shape, and can be moved longitudinally along the tunnel through the hanging pulley device, and the heating range of the entrance section can be adjusted according to the on-site conditions.

[0029] (3) The solar and wind energy heating and hanging paving system for preventing freezing damage in cold-region tunnels provided by the present invention can select a suitable working mode according to weather conditions. During the operation of the system, the electric energy comes from solar energy and wind energy, realizing the utilization of clean energy. In addition, the comprehensive utilization of solar energy is realized by setting up a solar power generation device and a solar cooker. The solar cooker heats the stainless steel sheath of the heating cable pipeline at the entrance section of the tunnel, accelerates the temperature increase of the heating cable pipeline at the entrance section, and effectively reduces the probability of freezing damage at the tunnel entrance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the solar and wind energy heating hanging paving system for preventing freezing damage in cold-region tunnels of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of the heating cable pipeline arrangement of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A in the enlarged view;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the internal structure of the heating cable pipeline of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 The solar energy and wind energy power generation flow chart of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 The figure is a working principle diagram of the solar panel of the present invention.

[0036] In the figure: 1. initial support; 2. secondary lining; 3. insulation layer; 4. heating cable pipeline; 5. surrounding rock; 6. central ditch; 7. solar cooker; 8. solar power generation device; 9. wind power generation device; 10. insulation casing; 11. power supply; 12. hanging pulley device; 1201. U-shaped track; 1202. pulley; 1203. metal ring; 13. stainless steel sheath; 14. insulating material magnesium oxide; 15. heating copper wire. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] In view of the problems existing in the prior art mentioned in the background technology, the inventors found that cold regions have the regional characteristics of strong light and high winds, and solar energy and wind energy have the advantages of low carbon, energy saving, and renewable. However, due to the lack of adaptive devices and technologies, they have not been widely used in cold region tunnels, and the utilization rate of clean energy is still relatively low. Therefore, in a typical embodiment of the present invention, a solar and wind energy heating hanging system for preventing freezing damage in cold region tunnels is proposed, such as Figure 1-6 As shown, it includes a solar power generation device 8, a wind power generation device 9, a solar cooker 7, a hanging pulley device 12 and a heating cable pipeline 4; the solar cooker 7 is connected to the heating cable pipeline at the tunnel entrance section; the heating cable pipeline 4 is laid in the central ditch of the tunnel and the surface of the tunnel secondary lining; the solar power generation device 8 and the wind power generation device 9 are located outside the tunnel entrance section, and provide power to the power supply 11 in the tunnel respectively; the hanging pulley device 12 is embedded in the surface of the tunnel secondary lining, and the hanging pulley device 12 can drive the heating cable pipeline on the surface of the tunnel secondary lining to move along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel.

[0040] In this embodiment, the heating cable pipeline 4 at the central ditch 6 of the tunnel is laid along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and the heating cable pipeline 4 at the surface of the secondary lining of the tunnel is laid between the secondary lining 2 and the insulation layer 3 of the tunnel, close to the secondary lining 2, and the heating cable pipeline 4 is laid circumferentially along the tunnel and distributed in an S shape, and can be moved longitudinally along the tunnel through a hanging pulley device, and the heating range of the entrance section can be adjusted according to the on-site conditions.

[0041] In this embodiment, the central ditch 6 of the tunnel and the heating cable pipeline 4 at the surface of the secondary lining 2 of the tunnel are connected to the power supply 11 in the tunnel. The power supply 11 is provided with an NTC thermistor. The NTC thermistor is made of metal oxides such as manganese, cobalt, nickel and copper as main materials. When the temperature is low, the number of carriers (electrons and holes) of these oxide materials is small, so its resistance value is relatively high; as the temperature rises, the number of carriers increases, so the resistance value decreases. The NTC thermistor changes the resistance value according to the ambient temperature, and then adjusts the heat generation power of the heating cable 4 to achieve temperature control of the heating cable pipeline 4.

[0042] like Figure 4As shown, the heating cable pipeline 4 includes a heating copper wire 15, an insulating material magnesium oxide 14 and a stainless steel sheath 13 arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside, wherein the stainless steel sheath acts as a protective tube, which has excellent thermal conductivity and strong corrosion resistance, and magnesium oxide powder is filled between the stainless steel sheath 13 and the heating copper wire 15, which is a ceramic material that acts as an insulator. Magnesium oxide insulating material is arranged outside the heating copper wire to prevent the current from contacting the sheath. Under normal pressure, magnesium oxide has very good thermal conductivity. High-purity magnesium oxide has excellent alkali resistance and electrical insulation at high temperatures, and has high thermal expansion coefficient and thermal conductivity and good light transmittance. It is widely used as a high-temperature heat-resistant material. Heat transfer is carried out by filling magnesium oxide, so that the heating cable can be heated both on the lining surface and at the central ditch, which can play a waterproof role.

[0043] Furthermore, a heat-insulating sleeve 10 is provided outside the heating cable pipeline at the tunnel entrance section, which can provide heat insulation for the heating cable pipeline at the tunnel entrance section.

[0044] In this embodiment, the heating pipeline 4 is divided into two parts. The heating pipeline 4 in the tunnel is heated by conduction, and the heating pipeline outside the tunnel is heated only by the solar cooker. The solar cooker 7 is connected to the heating pipeline outside the tunnel. The solar cooker 7 is arranged outside the tunnel entrance. The solar cooker 7 is used to heat the stainless steel jacket of the heating cable pipeline 4 in the tunnel entrance section. The stainless steel jacket is heat-conducted to heat the tunnel entrance. The heating pipeline outside the tunnel is connected to the heating pipeline inside the tunnel. The circuit of the heating pipeline inside the tunnel can be closed and heated by conduction.

[0045] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the hanging pulley device 12 includes a U-shaped track 1201, a pulley 1202, and a metal ring 1203. The heating cable is sleeved in the metal ring, and the movement of the pulley on the U-shaped track is controlled to drive the longitudinal movement of the heating cable pipeline in the tunnel, so that the heating range of the entrance section can be adjusted according to the on-site conditions, which is convenient for use.

[0046] Furthermore, a plurality of the paving hanging pulley devices 12 are provided along the circumferential direction and the longitudinal direction of the tunnel.

[0047] In this embodiment, if Figure 6 As shown, the solar panels of the solar power generation device can adjust the tilt angle of the solar panels in real time according to the light intensity, thereby ensuring that the solar power generation device has a higher power generation efficiency.

[0048] The solar and wind energy heating hanging paving system for preventing freezing damage in cold-region tunnels provided in this embodiment has three operating modes, including:

[0049] Including solar independent heating, wind independent heating, solar-wind combined heating. Usually solar-wind combined heating is used during the day, wind independent heating is used on rainy days or at night, and solar independent heating is used on windless days.

[0050] The first operating mode is the independent solar heating mode. The solar energy is utilized in two parts. One part is to directly gather the heat on the stainless steel sheath 13 of the heating cable through the solar cooker 7, accelerate the temperature increase of the entrance section, and transfer the heat from the entrance section to the inside; the other part is to convert the light energy into electrical energy through the solar power generation equipment 8 and store it in the power supply 11. The NTC thermistor in the power supply adjusts the heating power of the heating cable 4 according to the ambient temperature and converts the electrical energy into thermal energy.

[0051] The second operation mode is the wind energy independent heating mode, which converts wind energy into electrical energy through the wind power generation device 9 and stores it in the power supply 11. The NTC thermistor in the power supply adjusts the heating power of the heating cable 4 according to the ambient temperature to convert electrical energy into thermal energy.

[0052] The third operation mode is the solar-wind combined heating mode, in which the tunnel is heated by solar cooker 7, solar power generation equipment 8 and wind power generation equipment 9, and the NTC thermistor in power supply 11 adjusts the heat generation power of heating cable 4 according to the ambient temperature.

[0053] refer to Figure 1-6 The solar and wind energy heating hanging paving system for preventing freezing damage in cold-region tunnels can be implemented in the following steps:

[0054] 1. Initial support and secondary lining after tunnel excavation.

[0055] 2. Install the hanging pulley equipment.

[0056] 3. Lay heating cable pipelines on the secondary lining surface, connect them to the hanging and laying device, and connect them to the power supply in the tunnel to form a closed loop.

[0057] 4. Lay a heating cable pipeline in the central ditch and connect it to the power supply in the tunnel to form a closed loop.

[0058] 5. Install NTC thermistor in the power supply in the tunnel to adjust the output power according to the ambient temperature.

[0059] 6. Arrange a solar cooker above the tunnel entrance section and connect it to the heating cable in the tunnel.

[0060] 7. Lay an insulation layer on the outside of the heating cable in the tunnel, and install an insulation sleeve on the outside of the heating cable at the entrance section.

[0061] 8. Solar power generation devices and wind power generation devices are installed on the outside of the tunnel surrounding rock, and the output wires are connected to the power supply in the tunnel to provide power for the normal operation of the devices.

[0062] Example 2

[0063] In a typical embodiment of the present invention, a working method of a solar and wind energy heating hanging paving system for preventing freezing damage in cold-region tunnels is provided, comprising:

[0064] Independent solar heating: Solar energy is used in two parts. One part is to collect heat directly on the stainless steel sheath of the heating cable through the solar cooker, accelerate the temperature increase of the entrance section, and transfer the heat from the entrance section to the inside; the other part is to convert light energy into electrical energy through solar power generation equipment, store it in the power supply, and convert electrical energy into heat energy;

[0065] Wind energy independent warming method: wind energy is converted into electrical energy through wind power generation device, stored in power source, and electrical energy is converted into heat energy;

[0066] Solar-wind combined warming method: The tunnel is heated by solar cookers, solar power generation equipment, and wind power generation equipment.

[0067] Furthermore, during the process of heating the tunnel, the NTC thermistor in the power supply adjusts the heating power generated by the heating cable according to the ambient temperature.

[0068] Example 3

[0069] In a typical embodiment of the present invention, a construction method of a solar and wind energy heating hanging paving system for preventing freezing damage in cold-region tunnels is provided, comprising:

[0070] Initial support and secondary lining after tunnel excavation;

[0071] Install hanging and laying pulley equipment on the secondary lining, and lay heating cable pipelines on the surface of the secondary lining, connect them to the hanging and laying device, and connect them to the power supply in the tunnel to form a closed loop;

[0072] Lay a heating cable pipeline in the central ditch and connect it to the power supply in the tunnel to form a closed loop;

[0073] An NTC thermistor is installed in the power supply in the tunnel to adjust the output power according to the ambient temperature;

[0074] A solar cooker is arranged above the tunnel entrance section and connected to the heating cable pipeline in the tunnel;

[0075] An insulation layer is laid on the outside of the heating cable in the tunnel, and an insulation sleeve is installed on the outside of the heating cable at the entrance section;

[0076] Solar power generation devices and wind power generation devices are installed on the outside of the tunnel surrounding rock, and the output wires are connected to the power supply inside the tunnel to provide electricity for the normal operation of the system.

[0077] Although the above describes the specific implementation mode of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention without creative work are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solar and wind energy heating and hanging paving system for preventing freezing damage in cold-region tunnels, characterized in that: It includes a solar power generation device, a wind power generation device, a solar cooker, a hanging pulley device and a heating cable pipeline; the solar cooker is connected to the heating cable pipeline at the entrance section of the tunnel; the heating cable pipeline is laid in the central ditch of the tunnel and the surface of the secondary lining of the tunnel; the solar power generation device and the wind power generation device are located outside the entrance section of the tunnel, and provide power to the power supply in the tunnel respectively; the hanging pulley device is embedded in the surface of the secondary lining of the tunnel, and the hanging pulley device can drive the heating cable pipeline on the surface of the secondary lining of the tunnel to move longitudinally along the tunnel.

2. The solar and wind energy heating and hanging paving system for preventing freezing damage in cold-region tunnels as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: The heating cable pipeline at the central ditch of the tunnel is laid longitudinally along the tunnel, and the heating cable pipeline at the surface of the secondary lining of the tunnel is laid between the secondary lining of the tunnel and the insulation layer, and is laid circumferentially along the tunnel and distributed in an S shape.

3. The solar and wind energy heating and hanging paving system for preventing freezing damage in cold-region tunnels as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: The central water ditch of the tunnel and the heating cable pipelines at the surface of the secondary lining of the tunnel are both connected to a power supply in the tunnel, and an NTC thermistor is arranged inside the power supply.

4. The solar and wind energy heating and hanging paving system for preventing freezing damage in cold-region tunnels as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: The heating cable pipeline comprises a heating copper wire, an insulating material magnesium oxide and a stainless steel sheath which are arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside, wherein the outside of the heating cable pipeline located at the tunnel entrance section is also sheathed with a thermal insulation sleeve.

5. The solar and wind energy heating hanging paving system for preventing freezing damage in cold-region tunnels as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: The solar cooker is arranged outside the tunnel entrance end, and the solar cooker heats the stainless steel jacket of the heating cable pipeline in the tunnel opening section.

6. The solar and wind energy heating hanging paving system for preventing freezing damage in cold-region tunnels as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: The hanging pulley device comprises a moving pulley, the bottom of which is connected to a heating cable pipeline, and the moving pulley moves longitudinally along the tunnel, thereby driving the heating cable pipeline to move longitudinally along the tunnel.

7. The solar and wind energy heating and hanging paving system for preventing freezing damage in cold-region tunnels as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: The hanging and paving pulley devices are arranged in plurality along the circumferential direction and the longitudinal direction of the tunnel.

8. A working method of the solar and wind energy heating hanging paving system for preventing freezing damage in cold-region tunnels as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: include: Independent solar heating: Solar energy is used in two parts. One part is to collect heat directly on the stainless steel sheath of the heating cable through the solar cooker, accelerate the temperature increase of the entrance section, and transfer the heat from the entrance section to the inside; the other part is to convert light energy into electrical energy through solar power generation equipment, store it in the power supply, and convert electrical energy into heat energy; Wind energy independent warming method: wind energy is converted into electrical energy through wind power generation device, stored in power source, and electrical energy is converted into heat energy; Solar-wind combined warming method: The tunnel is heated by solar cookers, solar power generation equipment, and wind power generation equipment.

9. The working method of the solar and wind energy heating hanging paving system for preventing freezing damage in cold-region tunnels as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: During the tunnel heating process, the NTC thermistor in the power supply adjusts the heating power of the heating cable according to the ambient temperature.

10. A construction method for a solar and wind energy heating hanging paving system for preventing freezing damage in cold-region tunnels as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Initial support and secondary lining after tunnel excavation; Install a hanging pulley device on the secondary lining, and lay a heating cable pipeline on the surface of the secondary lining, connect it to the hanging pulley device, and connect it to the power supply in the tunnel to form a closed loop; Lay a heating cable pipeline in the central ditch and connect it to the power supply in the tunnel to form a closed loop; An NTC thermistor is installed in the power supply in the tunnel to adjust the output power according to the ambient temperature; A solar cooker is arranged above the tunnel entrance section and connected to the heating cable pipeline in the tunnel; An insulation layer is laid on the outside of the heating cable in the tunnel, and an insulation sleeve is installed on the outside of the heating cable at the entrance section; Solar power generation devices and wind power generation devices are installed on the outside of the tunnel surrounding rock, and the output wires are connected to the power supply inside the tunnel to provide electricity for the normal operation of the system.

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