Tunnel structure waterproof and drainage process for railway engineering

Abstract

The invention provides a tunnel structure waterproof and drainage process for railway engineering, and relates to the technical field of tunnel structure waterproof and drainage. A tunnel structure waterproof and drainage process for railway engineering comprises preparation before construction, a water diversion and drainage construction process before primary support, a main tunnel lining waterproof and drainage construction process and construction quality inspection and control. From drainage before primary support to arrangement of a waterproof layer of a main tunnel lining and waterproof treatment of special parts such as construction joints, an all-directional and multi-layer waterproof system is constructed, an underground water leakage path is effectively blocked, the waterproof reliability of a tunnel structure is greatly improved, a perfect drainage network is formed, and the construction period is shortened. It is ensured that underground water can be timely and efficiently drained out of the tunnel, accumulated water is prevented from damaging the structure, drainage smoothness is powerfully guaranteed, the erosion effect of the underground water on tunnel lining concrete and reinforcing steel bars is effectively reduced, the structure degradation speed is slowed down, and the durability of the structure is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel structure drainage, and in particular to a tunnel structure drainage process for railway engineering. Background Art

[0002] In railway engineering, tunnel structure drainage is of vital importance. If the tunnel drainage measures are not appropriate, groundwater leakage will have a serious impact on the durability of the tunnel structure, such as corrosion of lining concrete and steel bars, which will affect the service life and safety of the tunnel. At the same time, the leakage of water may also affect the stability of the railway track, increase maintenance costs and operational risks.

[0003] At present, tunnel waterproofing and drainage face many challenges. On the one hand, the water inflow of tunnels under different geological conditions is complex and changeable. For example, tunnels in karst areas have complex underground water channels, large water volume and diverse sources of replenishment. On the other hand, traditional waterproofing and drainage technology has some limitations, such as the waterproof layer is not firmly fixed, and the waterproof treatment of construction joints and other parts is not fine enough, which easily becomes a leakage point.

[0004] Therefore, a more scientific and effective tunnel structure drainage technology is needed to solve these problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present application proposes a tunnel structure drainage process for railway engineering, which is implemented strictly in accordance with the principle of "combining prevention, drainage, interception and blocking, adapting to local conditions, comprehensive management and environmental protection", and accurately follows the principle of "multiple lines of defense, layer by layer defense" for karst tunnels and effectively implements the strategy of drainage-based and combined drainage and blocking; during the construction process, according to the geological survey data and the characteristics of the tunnel structure, the drainage facilities before the initial support are scientifically designed and accurately constructed, including determining the diameter and number of soft permeable pipes according to the surrounding rock water gushing conditions, reasonably constructing the longitudinal and transverse drainage systems, and effectively setting up auxiliary tunnels or drainage holes; in the tunnel lining drainage process, suitable waterproof layer materials are selected for different sections and the laying process is strictly implemented, and water stop strips and drainage boards that meet the specifications are used for key parts such as construction joints, and the installation and processing details are carefully controlled, so as to ensure that the tunnel structure has excellent drainage performance throughout the life cycle, ensure the stability of the tunnel structure and the safety of railway operation, and minimize the negative impact on the surrounding ecological environment.

[0006] In addition, a tunnel structure waterproofing and drainage process for railway engineering according to an embodiment of the present application also has the following additional technical features:

[0007] Preferably, the installation of soft permeable pipes in the drainage measures before initial support must meet the following requirements: the soft permeable pipes are installed in a ring around the rock wall according to the actual water gushing conditions of the surrounding rock; when there is a large concentrated water outlet point, the additional two or more soft permeable pipes should form a reliable drainage network with the original pipes, and the additional number and pipe diameters are determined by precise calculation based on the water gushing volume; the soft permeable pipes are fixed by special fixing fixtures.

[0008] Preferably, the longitudinal and transverse drainage systems in the drainage measures before initial support should meet the following requirements: the longitudinal permeable pipes and transverse drainage pipes arranged at the bottom of the two side walls are connected through tees, and the joints are sealed with sealants or rubber sealing rings. The sealing performance must be strictly tested to ensure that the drainage system is leak-free, the excavation size of the longitudinal permeable pipe trench is determined according to the pipe diameter, and the trench is filled with medium-coarse sand and vibrated to make it dense.

[0009] Preferably, before initial support, the interception and drainage measures for long-term recharge sources or when large groundwater channels are revealed should be as follows: the location and scale of the auxiliary tunnels or drainage holes are determined based on detailed geological survey results, the choice of excavation method should adapt to geological conditions, the design and construction of the support structure should ensure the structural stability and normal interception and drainage functions of the auxiliary tunnels or drainage holes during the construction process and use, and the construction process should comply with relevant safety and quality regulations.

[0010] Preferably, the requirements for laying waterproof layer in general sections of main tunnel lining and dark excavation are as follows: 1.5mm thick EVA waterproof board + geotextile is laid on the arch wall between the initial support and secondary lining of the tunnel as a waterproof layer, the base surface treatment should be two cycles ahead of the waterproof layer operation, and the base surface is ensured to be flat by shotcrete leveling or manual trimming, and there are no sharp protrusions on the surface. The waterproof board is laid with a waterproof board trolley or a manual step frame, and fixed with a hot-melt gasket. After welding, the weld is tested for sealing by inflation or vacuum method.

[0011] Preferably, the laying of waterproof layer in the main tunnel lining in the area with soluble rock and groundwater development should meet the following requirements: 1.2mm thick PE drainage board is laid as waterproof layer on the arch wall between the initial support and secondary lining of the tunnel, the base surface treatment is similar to that of general dark excavation and attention is paid to keeping it dry, special welding equipment is used for splicing between boards when laying PE drainage board, scratches on the board are prevented during the laying process, scratches are repaired in time, and the sealing of the welds is tested according to regulations after welding.

[0012] Preferably, the installation of waterstops at construction joints, settlement joints, and expansion joints of the main tunnel lining should comply with the following requirements: use embedded rubber waterstops, fix them with steel clamps during installation, use hot vulcanization or special adhesives for overlapping waterstops, and strictly inspect the connection quality at the overlapping joints to ensure no leakage.

[0013] Preferably, the installation of drain boards at construction joints, settlement joints, and expansion joints of the main tunnel lining should meet the following requirements: plastic drain boards are used, the width of which is determined according to the width of the joints, and they are clamped with steel bars. Both ends of the drain pipes are blocked with hemp tendons. During the installation process, the position of the drain board and the drain pipe must be fixed to prevent displacement and blockage during concrete pouring.

[0014] Preferably, the roughening treatment of the construction joints of the main tunnel lining must meet the following requirements: the construction joints are roughened in accordance with the specifications, and are rinsed clean with high-pressure water after roughening to ensure good bonding between the new and old concrete. The quality of the roughening treatment should be inspected and meet the relevant standards.

[0015] Preferably, the materials used in the entire construction process should comply with relevant standards, the construction equipment should be in good operating condition, the construction personnel should have the corresponding qualifications and operate in strict accordance with the construction process requirements, the quality control and inspection system during the construction process should be sound, and any problems found should be rectified and reviewed in a timely manner to ensure that the construction quality meets the design and specification requirements.

[0016] According to a tunnel structure waterproofing and drainage process for railway engineering according to an embodiment of the present application, the beneficial effects are:

[0017] 1. The waterproof reliability has been significantly improved. Through the implementation of the principle of "multiple lines of defense, layered defense", from the drainage before the initial support to the waterproof layer setting of the main tunnel lining and the waterproof treatment of special parts such as construction joints, a comprehensive and multi-level waterproof system has been constructed, which effectively blocks the groundwater leakage path and greatly improves the waterproof reliability of the tunnel structure.

[0018] 2. Effective guarantee of drainage smoothness. The annular soft permeable pipes before the initial support, the longitudinal and transverse drainage systems, and the auxiliary tunnels or drainage holes for large groundwater, together with the drainage boards and drainage pipes at the construction joints of the main tunnel lining, form a complete drainage network to ensure that groundwater can be discharged from the tunnel in a timely and efficient manner, avoiding damage to the structure caused by accumulated water, and effectively ensuring the smoothness of drainage.

[0019] 3. The geological adaptability is widely enhanced. Different waterproof layer schemes are adopted for general underground excavation areas and areas with soluble rocks and groundwater development. In addition, drainage facilities are flexibly set up according to the water gushing conditions of the surrounding rocks. This enables the technology to accurately adapt to the tunnel waterproofing and drainage needs under different geological conditions, thereby improving the wide adaptability of the technology.

[0020] 4. The structural durability is greatly extended. The good drainage effect effectively reduces the erosion of groundwater on the tunnel lining concrete and steel bars, slows down the rate of structural deterioration, and thus significantly extends the service life of the tunnel structure, reduces maintenance frequency and cost, and greatly improves the durability of the structure.

[0021] 5. The safety of railway operations is firmly guaranteed. The stable tunnel structure and efficient drainage measures provide a solid foundation for the railway tracks, effectively reducing safety hazards such as track deformation and settlement caused by tunnel leakage, ensuring safe, stable and smooth train operation, and effectively guaranteeing the safety of railway operations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the implementation methods of the present application, the drawings required for use in the implementation methods will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a tunnel structure waterproofing and drainage process for railway engineering according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 2 is a block diagram of pre-construction preparation according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a flow chart of the initial support front drainage construction according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a flow chart of the drainage construction of the main tunnel lining according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 5 It is a block diagram of construction quality inspection and control according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the implementation methods of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the implementation methods of this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the implementation methods of this application. Obviously, the described implementation methods are part of the implementation methods of this application, not all of the implementation methods. Based on the implementation methods in this application, all other implementation methods obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0029] The invention discloses a tunnel structure drainage technology for railway engineering, which includes pre-construction preparation, drainage construction process before initial support, drainage construction process of main tunnel lining and construction quality inspection and control.

[0030] The following is a detailed description through specific implementation methods:

[0031] (I) Preparation before construction

[0032] 1. Form a professional construction team: bring together geological survey experts, experienced engineers and skilled technical workers to conduct systematic technical briefings and comprehensive safety training for all construction personnel to ensure that the construction personnel have a deep understanding of the process requirements and operating specifications and firmly establish a sense of safe construction.

[0033] 2. Detailed geological survey: Use drilling, geophysical exploration and other advanced survey methods to conduct comprehensive and in-depth surveys of the tunnel construction area, accurately grasp key information such as groundwater distribution, surrounding rock characteristics, geological structure, etc., and provide detailed basis for the design of drainage schemes.

[0034] 3. Scientific scheme design and drawing: Based on the survey results, combined with tunnel design specifications and actual project requirements, carefully formulate a detailed and scientific drainage construction plan, accurately draw construction drawings, and clarify the specific parameters, construction process and technical requirements of the drainage facilities in each part.

[0035] 4. Strict material and equipment preparation: Purchase sufficient waterproofing and drainage materials that meet national or industry standards, such as soft permeable pipes, EVA waterproof boards, PE waterproofing and drainage boards, water stop strips, geotextiles, hot melt washers, steel bars, hemp tendons, etc., and conduct strict on-site inspections of the materials. At the same time, prepare all kinds of mechanical equipment required for construction, such as waterproof board trolleys, electric welders, concrete sprayers, etc., and conduct comprehensive commissioning and maintenance to ensure stable operation and good performance of the equipment.

[0036] (II) Construction process of drainage before initial support

[0037] 1. Precise installation of soft water pipe

[0038] According to the design plan and actual water inflow measurement data, after tunnel excavation and before initial support, high-precision measuring instruments are used to accurately determine the position of the rock wall, and soft water-permeable pipes are accurately installed along the ring of the rock wall. Special fixing fixtures are used to firmly fix the soft water-permeable pipes on the rock wall, and the fixing spacing is strictly controlled to be no more than 1m to ensure its stable position. When a large concentrated water outlet point is found, the number and diameter of two or more soft water-permeable pipes are determined based on the pre-calculated water inflow data. The additional water-permeable pipes are reliably connected to the original ring-shaped water-permeable pipes, such as special joints or thermal welding, to form an efficient drainage channel.

[0039] 2. Standard construction of longitudinal and transverse drainage systems

[0040] At the bottom of the two side walls of the tunnel, the trench for installing the longitudinal water-permeable pipe is accurately measured and excavated according to the design requirements. The depth and width of the trench are accurately calculated and determined based on the diameter of the longitudinal water-permeable pipe. Generally, the depth is 10-20cm larger than the diameter, and the width is 20-30cm larger than the diameter. The longitudinal water-permeable pipe is placed stably in the trench, and the trench is filled with medium-coarse sand and vibrated densely with a vibrating device to ensure that the filling around the longitudinal water-permeable pipe is uniform and there are no gaps. At the connection between the longitudinal water-permeable pipe and the transverse drainage pipe, a special tee pipe that meets the specifications is used for connection, and sealant is applied or a rubber sealing ring is installed at the connection, and strict sealing performance tests, such as pressure tests, are carried out to ensure that the connection is tight and leak-free.

[0041] 3. Scientific construction of auxiliary tunnels or drainage holes (if necessary)

[0042] When encountering a long-term recharge source or revealing a large underground water channel, organize an expert team to conduct a detailed on-site demonstration to determine the optimal location and reasonable scale of the auxiliary tunnel or drainage hole based on the geological conditions. Select the appropriate excavation method according to the geological conditions and engineering requirements. For example, when the surrounding rock is relatively stable, mechanical excavation can be used to improve construction efficiency and accuracy. When the surrounding rock is relatively stable, the drilling and blasting method is used and the blasting parameters are strictly controlled. During the excavation process, support is carried out in a timely manner according to the design requirements while excavating. The support structure is selected according to the specific geological conditions and mechanical calculations. For example, in areas with weak surrounding rocks, a combination of anchor support, shotcrete support and steel arch support is used to ensure the construction safety of the auxiliary tunnel or drainage hole and the effective function of interception and drainage. During the construction process, strictly follow the relevant safety regulations and quality standards, and conduct real-time monitoring and quality control.

[0043] (III) Construction process of tunnel lining waterproofing and drainage

[0044] 1. Underground excavation construction in general areas, including: base surface treatment and waterproof layer laying.

[0045] After the initial support of the tunnel is completed, the base surface is processed. First, the base surface is cleaned with high-pressure air or high-pressure water to remove dust, debris and loose rocks on the surface. For uneven base surfaces, sprayed concrete is used for leveling. The spraying thickness is determined according to the unevenness, generally controlled at 5-10cm, to ensure that the base surface flatness error does not exceed 5cm. After the sprayed concrete reaches a certain strength, manual finishing is carried out, and sharp protrusions on the base surface are polished off with tools such as steel brushes or grinding wheels to make the surface smooth.

[0046] Before laying the waterproof board, lay the geotextile on the base surface. The geotextile is fixed to the base surface with a special adhesive or nails, and the spacing between the fixing points is not more than 1m. Then use a waterproof board trolley or a manpower step frame to lay the 1.5mm thick EVA waterproof board on the geotextile. The waterproof board should be laid flat and wrinkle-free. Hot melt welding is used between adjacent waterproof boards. The welding temperature is controlled at 200-250℃. The welding speed is determined according to the welding equipment and the operator's experience, generally controlled at 0.1-0.2m / s. After welding, the weld is checked. The sealing of the weld is checked by inflation or vacuum method to ensure that there is no leakage in the weld. The waterproof board is fixed to the base surface with hot melt gaskets. The spacing between hot melt gaskets is controlled at 50-80cm. Each hot melt gasket uses a special hot melt welding tool to firmly weld the waterproof board to the base surface.

[0047] 2. Construction in areas with soluble rock and groundwater

[0048] Includes: base surface treatment and waterproof layer laying.

[0049] Similarly, after the initial support is completed, the base surface treatment is carried out. The treatment method is similar to that of general dark excavation areas, but more attention should be paid to the dryness of the base surface. Ventilation or heating can be used to reduce the humidity of the base surface.

[0050] Lay 1.2mm thick PE drainage board at the arch wall. Use special welding equipment to weld the PE drainage boards. Align the board edges before welding. The welding width should not be less than 10cm. The welding temperature is determined according to the characteristics of the board, generally controlled at 250-300℃. After welding, check the weld seam. The inspection method is the same as that of EVA waterproof board weld seam. During the laying process, pay attention to avoid scratching the board. If there is any scratch, repair it in time to ensure the integrity and waterproof performance of the board.

[0051] 3. Construction at construction joints, settlement joints, and expansion joints, including: installation of waterstop strips, installation of drainage boards, and roughening of construction joints.

[0052] Install waterstops at construction joints, settlement joints, and expansion joints. The waterstops are embedded rubber waterstops. When installing, first fix the steel bar clamps on both sides of the joint. The spacing between the steel bar clamps should not exceed 30cm. The waterstops are clamped between the steel bar clamps to ensure that the waterstops are accurately positioned and firmly fixed. At the overlap of the waterstops, hot vulcanization or special adhesives are used for connection. The overlap length is not less than 10cm. After the connection is completed, check to ensure that the connection is tight and leak-free.

[0053] At the same time, the drain board is installed. The drain board is made of plastic drain board with a thickness of not less than 5mm. The width is determined according to the width of the seam, which is generally 10-20cm wider than the seam. The drain board is clamped on both sides of the seam with steel bars. The spacing between steel bars is not more than 50cm. The two ends of the drain pipe are tightly blocked with hemp tendons. The length of the hemp tendon blocking is not less than 10cm to prevent the drain board and drain pipe from shifting and blocking when pouring concrete.

[0054] The construction joints shall be roughened in accordance with the specifications, with the depth of roughening controlled at 5-10mm and the spacing no greater than 5cm. After roughening, they shall be rinsed clean with high-pressure water to ensure good bonding between the new and old concrete.

[0055] (IV) Construction quality inspection and control

[0056] 1. During the construction process, establish a strict quality inspection system and equip professional quality inspectors.

[0057] 2. Regularly check the installation quality of drainage facilities, including whether the connection of the permeable pipe is tight and damaged, whether the waterproof board is laid flat and fixed firmly, whether the welds are qualified, whether the installation of water stop strips and drainage boards is standardized and the position is accurate, etc.

[0058] 3. For problems found during the inspection, a rectification notice will be issued in a timely manner, requiring the construction personnel to rectify the problems within a time limit. After the rectification is completed, a re-inspection will be conducted to ensure that the problems are completely resolved.

[0059] 4. At the same time, strengthen the monitoring of the construction process, and make comprehensive records of the construction technology, material usage, construction environment, etc., to provide a basis for quality traceability and subsequent tunnel maintenance, and ultimately achieve good drainage and waterproofing effects for the entire tunnel structure.

[0060] The present application discloses a tunnel structure waterproofing and drainage process for railway engineering. Through the implementation of the principle of "multiple lines of defense, layers of defense", an all-round and multi-layered waterproofing system is constructed from the drainage before the initial support to the waterproofing layer setting of the main tunnel lining and the waterproofing treatment of special parts such as construction joints. The system effectively blocks the groundwater leakage path and greatly improves the waterproof reliability of the tunnel structure. The annular soft permeable pipes, longitudinal and transverse drainage systems, and auxiliary tunnels or drainage holes for large groundwater before the initial support, in coordination with the drainage boards and drainage pipes at the construction joints of the main tunnel lining, form a complete drainage network to ensure that the groundwater can be discharged from the tunnel in a timely and efficient manner, avoid water accumulation and damage to the structure, and effectively ensure the smoothness of drainage. Different waterproofing layer schemes are adopted in sections where soluble rocks and groundwater are developed, and drainage facilities are flexibly set up according to the water gushing conditions of the surrounding rocks, so that the process can accurately adapt to the tunnel drainage needs under different geological conditions, improving the wide adaptability of the process. The good drainage effect effectively reduces the erosion of groundwater on the tunnel lining concrete and steel bars, slows down the rate of structural deterioration, thereby significantly extending the service life of the tunnel structure, reducing the frequency and cost of maintenance, and greatly improving the durability of the structure. The stable tunnel structure and efficient drainage measures provide a solid foundation for the railway track, effectively reducing the safety hazards such as track deformation and settlement caused by tunnel leakage, ensuring safe, stable and smooth train operation, and effectively guaranteeing the safety of railway operations.

[0061] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention and are not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various similar deformations and changes can be made according to the concept of the present invention, and these deformations and changes should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel structure waterproofing and drainage process for railway engineering, characterized by: Strictly implement the principle of "combining prevention, drainage, interception and blocking, adapting to local conditions, comprehensive management and environmental protection", and accurately follow the principle of "multiple lines of defense and layered defense" for karst tunnels and effectively implement the strategy of drainage-based and combined drainage and blocking; During the construction process, based on geological survey data and tunnel structural characteristics, the drainage facilities before the initial support are scientifically designed and precisely constructed, including determining the diameter and number of soft permeable pipes according to the surrounding rock water gushing conditions, rationally constructing the longitudinal and transverse drainage systems, and effectively setting up auxiliary tunnels or drainage holes; In the process of main tunnel lining waterproofing and drainage, suitable waterproof layer materials are selected for different sections and the laying process is strictly implemented. Waterstop strips and drainage boards that meet the specifications are used for key parts such as construction joints, and the installation and processing details are carefully controlled to ensure that the tunnel structure has excellent waterproofing and drainage performance throughout its life cycle, ensuring the stability of the tunnel structure and the safety of railway operations, while minimizing the negative impact on the surrounding ecological environment.

2. A tunnel structure waterproofing and drainage process for railway engineering as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The installation of soft water-permeable pipes in the drainage measures before the initial support must meet the following requirements: the soft water-permeable pipes are installed in a ring around the rock wall according to the actual water gushing conditions of the surrounding rock. When there is a large concentrated water outlet point, the additional two or more soft water-permeable pipes should form a reliable drainage network with the original pipes, and the additional number and pipe diameters are determined by precise calculation based on the water gushing volume. The soft water-permeable pipes are fixed by special fixing fixtures.

3. A tunnel structure waterproofing and drainage process for railway engineering as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The longitudinal and transverse drainage systems in the drainage measures before initial support should meet the following requirements: the longitudinal permeable pipes and transverse drainage pipes installed at the bottom of the two side walls are connected through tees, and the joints are sealed with sealants or rubber sealing rings. The sealing performance must be strictly tested to ensure that the drainage system is leak-free. The excavation size of the longitudinal permeable pipe trench is determined according to the pipe diameter, and the trench is filled with medium-coarse sand and vibrated to make it dense.

4. A tunnel structure waterproofing and drainage process for railway engineering as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Before initial support, the interception and drainage measures for long-term recharge sources or when large groundwater channels are revealed should be as follows: the location and scale of the auxiliary tunnels or drainage holes should be determined based on detailed geological survey results, the excavation method should be selected to suit geological conditions, the design and construction of the support structure should ensure the structural stability and normal interception and drainage functions of the auxiliary tunnels or drainage holes during the construction and use period, and the construction process should comply with relevant safety and quality regulations.

5. The tunnel structure waterproofing and drainage process for railway engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The requirements for laying waterproof layers in general areas of main tunnel lining and dark excavation are as follows: 1.5mm thick EVA waterproof board + geotextile is laid on the arch wall between the initial support and secondary lining of the tunnel as a waterproof layer. The base surface treatment should be two cycles ahead of the waterproof layer operation. The base surface is ensured to be flat by shotcrete leveling or manual finishing, and there are no sharp protrusions on the surface. The waterproof board is laid with a waterproof board trolley or a manual step frame, and fixed with a hot-melt gasket. After welding, the weld is tested for sealing by inflation or vacuum method.

6. A tunnel structure waterproofing and drainage process for railway engineering as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The waterproof layer laying in the main tunnel lining area with soluble rock and groundwater development should meet the following requirements: 1.2mm thick PE drainage board is laid on the arch wall between the initial support and the secondary lining of the tunnel as a waterproof layer. The base surface treatment is similar to that of general dark excavation areas and attention is paid to keeping it dry. When laying the PE drainage board, special welding equipment is used to splice the boards. The board should be prevented from being scratched during the laying process and repaired in time if scratched. After welding, the welds should be tested for sealing according to regulations.

7. A tunnel structure waterproofing and drainage process for railway engineering as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The installation of waterstops at construction joints, settlement joints and expansion joints of the main tunnel lining should comply with the following requirements: use embedded rubber waterstops, fix them with steel clamps during installation, use hot vulcanization or special adhesives for overlapping waterstops, and strictly inspect the connection quality at the overlapping joints to ensure no leakage.

8. The tunnel structure waterproofing and drainage process for railway engineering as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The installation of drainage boards at construction joints, settlement joints, and expansion joints of the main tunnel lining should meet the following requirements: plastic drainage boards are used, the width of which is determined according to the width of the joints, and they are clamped with steel bars. Both ends of the drainage pipes are blocked with hemp tendons. During the installation process, the position of the drainage board and the drainage pipe must be fixed to prevent displacement and blockage during concrete pouring.

9. The tunnel structure waterproofing and drainage process for railway engineering as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The roughening treatment of the construction joints of the main tunnel lining must meet the following requirements: the construction joints must be roughened in accordance with the specifications and then rinsed clean with high-pressure water to ensure good bonding between the new and old concrete. The quality of the roughening treatment must be inspected and meet relevant standards.

10. The tunnel structure waterproofing and drainage process for railway engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The materials used in the entire construction process should comply with relevant standards, construction equipment should be in good operating condition, construction personnel should have corresponding qualifications and operate in strict accordance with the construction process requirements, the quality control and inspection system during the construction process should be sound, and any problems found should be rectified and reviewed in a timely manner to ensure that the construction quality meets the design and specification requirements.

Images