Thermal management method based on nuclear power plant equipment and nuclear power plant heat source management system

Abstract

The application provides a nuclear power plant equipment-based heat management method and a nuclear power station heat source management system, and comprises the following steps: controlling a cascade waste heat utilization system to switch to a heat supply operation state, absorbing auxiliary equipment temperature through a low-temperature waste heat management system to provide low-temperature heat sources for a double-effect absorption heat pump system and a single-effect absorption heat pump system respectively, absorbing auxiliary waste heat through the double-effect absorption heat pump system, the single-effect absorption heat pump system and a first heat exchanger in a cascade mode to provide heat for heat supply water, and completing a heat supply cycle; controlling the cascade waste heat utilization system to switch to a cooling supply operation state, absorbing auxiliary waste heat through the double-effect absorption heat pump system, the single-effect absorption heat pump system and the first heat exchanger in a cascade mode and circulating heat dissipation through the low-temperature waste heat management system, and completing a cooling supply cycle. Through the double-effect absorption system, the single-effect absorption system and the heat exchange combination mode, the nuclear power plant steam internal energy is utilized in a gradient mode, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, and resource waste is avoided.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of nuclear power plant waste heat energy processing, and particularly relates to a heat management method based on nuclear power plant equipment and a nuclear power plant heat source management system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Nuclear power is a zero-carbon emission power generation method. In a nuclear reactor, nuclear fission generates energy which is converted into internal energy and absorbed by cooling water. The cooling water which has absorbed a large amount of energy is converted into high-temperature and high-pressure steam through a steam generator, and is input into a steam turbine generator. In the steam turbine generator, the steam pushes turbine blades to generate electricity, and converts the internal energy into electrical energy. The steam which flows out after electricity generation generally has a high temperature of 150 DEG C or above, and still has a high utilization value. The existing utilization method of the high-temperature steam is generally to exchange heat with a hot water production and distribution system to provide heating for a reactor building, a fuel building and the like under cold weather conditions. Under hot weather conditions, the hot water production and distribution system needs to provide 7 DEG C or so chilled water to a relay room, a direct current distribution room and the like to promptly take out heat generated by operation of key equipment, and ensure safe and normal operation of a nuclear power plant loop.

[0003] The existing nuclear power plant equipment heat management system has the problems of complex structure and low energy utilization rate. Specifically, in the heating process, auxiliary steam which is higher than 150 DEG C is used to produce 60-70 DEG C hot water through direct heat exchange. Because of a large heat exchange temperature difference, a large amount of energy loss is caused, and the heat of the steam after heat exchange cannot be utilized further, which causes energy waste. SUMMARY

[0004] Therefore, the present application aims to at least provide a heat management method based on nuclear power plant equipment and a nuclear power plant heat source management system, which utilize internal energy of nuclear power plant steam in a gradient manner through a combination of a double-effect absorption system, a single-effect absorption system and heat exchange, improve energy utilization efficiency, and avoid resource waste.

[0005] The present application mainly includes the following aspects:

[0006] ​In a first aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a heat management method based on nuclear power plant equipment. The method is applied to a nuclear power plant heat source management system, which includes a combined cooling heating and power (CCHP) system and a low-temperature waste heat management system. The CCHP system includes a double-effect absorption heat pump system, a single-effect absorption heat pump system, a first heat exchanger, and a cascade waste heat utilization system. Auxiliary steam is connected to a steam output end via the double-effect absorption heat pump system, the single-effect absorption heat pump system, and the first heat exchanger through a steam pipeline. The method includes: determining that a current ambient temperature is less than a first temperature threshold, and then performing a heating cycle: controlling the cascade waste heat utilization system to switch to a heating operation state, and causing heating water input from a heating return water end to flow into the double-effect absorption heat pump system, the single-effect absorption heat pump system, and the first heat exchanger in three paths, respectively; using the auxiliary steam to stepwise release heat from the heating water via the double-effect absorption heat pump system, the single-effect absorption heat pump system, and the first heat exchanger, and then outputting the three paths of heating water to a heating end; absorbing waste heat generated by auxiliary equipment in the nuclear power plant by the low-temperature waste heat management system, and providing low-temperature heat sources for the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system, respectively; determining that the current ambient temperature is greater than or equal to the first temperature threshold, and then performing a cooling cycle: controlling the cascade waste heat utilization system to switch to a cooling operation state, and causing cooling water input from a cooling return water end to flow into the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system in two paths, respectively; using the auxiliary steam to provide high-temperature heat sources for the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system, so that the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system absorb heat from the cooling water; outputting two paths of cooling water output by the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system to a cooling end; and using the low-temperature waste heat management system to dissipate heat from the auxiliary equipment, the double-effect absorption heat pump system, and the single-effect absorption heat pump system.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the combined cooling and heating system further comprises a first circulating pump, the cascade waste heat utilization system comprises a first stop valve, a second stop valve, a third stop valve, a fourth stop valve and a first three-way valve, one end of the first stop valve is connected to a heating return water end, the other end of the first stop valve is connected to a first end of the first three-way valve through a circulating water pipeline and the double-effect absorption heat pump system, and is connected to the first end of the first three-way valve through a circulating water pipeline and the single-effect absorption heat pump system, and is connected to the first end of the first three-way valve through a circulating water pipeline and the second stop valve and the first heat exchanger, a second end of the first three-way valve is connected to a heating end, one end of the third stop valve is connected to a cooling return water end, the other end of the third stop valve is connected to one end of the fourth stop valve through a circulating water pipeline and the single-effect absorption heat pump system, the other end of the fourth stop valve is connected to a cooling end, wherein, in the heating cycle, the method further comprises: controlling the first stop valve and the second stop valve to be opened and the third stop valve and the fourth stop valve to be closed; controlling the first end of the first three-way valve and the second end of the first three-way valve to be connected; controlling the heating water to be input into the first circulating pump through the first stop valve, so that the heating water is input into the double-effect absorption heat pump system, the single-effect absorption heat pump system and the first heat exchanger through the first circulating pump; performing first-stage heat absorption treatment on the auxiliary steam flowing from the steam input end through the heating water flowing into the double-effect absorption heat pump system, and inputting the auxiliary steam after the first-stage heat absorption treatment into the single-effect absorption heat pump system; performing second-stage heat absorption treatment on the auxiliary steam flowing from the steam input end through the heating water flowing into the single-effect absorption heat pump system, and inputting the auxiliary steam after the second-stage heat absorption treatment into the first heat exchanger; performing third-stage heat absorption treatment on the auxiliary steam input from the single-effect absorption heat pump system through the first heat exchanger, and outputting the auxiliary steam after the second-stage heat absorption treatment to the steam output end; and collecting the heating water after the heat absorption output by the double-effect absorption heat pump system, the single-effect absorption heat pump system and the first heat exchanger, and inputting the heating water into the heating end through the first end of the first three-way valve and the second end of the first three-way valve.

[0008] In a possible implementation, the step waste heat utilization system further comprises a second three-way valve, a third three-way valve, a fourth three-way valve and a fifth three-way valve, wherein the other end of the third stop valve is connected to the third end of the second three-way valve through the circulating water pipeline and the single-effect absorption heat pump system, the first end of the second three-way valve is connected to the first end of the third three-way valve, and the second end of the second three-way valve is connected to the third end of the fourth three-way valve through the circulating water pipeline and the double-effect absorption heat pump system; the other end of the third stop valve is also connected to the first end of the fourth three-way valve, and the second end of the fourth three-way valve is also connected to the third end of the fifth three-way valve; the other end of the first stop valve is also connected to the first end of the fifth three-way valve, the second end of the fifth three-way valve is connected to the second end of the third three-way valve through the circulating water pipeline and the low-temperature waste heat management system, and the third end of the third three-way valve is connected to the third end of the first three-way valve, wherein in the heating cycle, the method further comprises: controlling the second end of the second three-way valve and the first end of the second three-way valve, the first end of the third three-way valve and the second end of the third three-way valve, the second end of the fifth three-way valve and the third end of the fifth three-way valve, the first end of the fourth three-way valve and the second end of the fourth three-way valve, the first end of the fourth three-way valve and the third end of the fourth three-way valve, and the third end of the second three-way valve and the first end of the second three-way valve to be connected respectively; between the double-effect absorption heat pump system, the fourth three-way valve, the fifth three-way valve, the low-temperature waste heat management system, the third three-way valve and the second three-way valve, a first waste heat utilization loop is formed; between the single-effect absorption heat pump system, the fourth three-way valve, the fifth three-way valve, the low-temperature waste heat management system, the third three-way valve and the second three-way valve, a second waste heat utilization loop is formed; and low-temperature heat sources are provided to the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system through the first waste heat utilization loop and the second waste heat utilization loop.

[0009] In a possible implementation, the waste heat management system comprises an auxiliary equipment heat exchanger, a cold source heat exchanger and a second circulating pump, wherein during the heat supply cycle, the method further comprises: absorbing heat from the nuclear power production auxiliary equipment through the auxiliary heat exchanger to transfer the corresponding production waste heat of the nuclear power production auxiliary equipment to the circulating water in the waste heat management system; circulating water output by the auxiliary heat exchanger flows into the fourth three-way valve through the fifth three-way valve, respectively, and is divided into two paths through the fourth three-way valve, one path of which releases heat through the evaporator in the double-effect absorption heat pump system to provide a low-temperature heat source for the double-effect absorption heat pump system, and the other path releases heat through the evaporator in the single-effect absorption heat pump system to provide a low-temperature heat source for the single-effect absorption heat pump system; the two paths of circulating water output by the evaporator in the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the evaporator in the single-effect absorption heat pump system are received and combined through the second three-way valve, and are input into the cold source heat exchanger through the third three-way valve to release heat, so as to discharge the excess heat in the circulating water that is not utilized through the cold source heat exchanger; the circulating water output by the cold source heat exchanger is input into the auxiliary equipment heat exchanger again in the form of circulating return water through the second circulating pump, so as to complete the energy supply process of the low-temperature waste heat management system to the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system.

[0010] In a possible implementation, the cascade waste heat utilization system further comprises a third circulating pump, wherein performing the cooling supply cycle further comprises: respectively controlling the third stop valve and the fourth stop valve to be opened and the first stop valve to be closed; respectively connecting the second end of the second three-way valve and the third end of the second three-way valve and connecting the first end of the fourth three-way valve and the third end of the fourth three-way valve; controlling the cooling water input from the cooling return water end to be input into the third stop valve through the third circulating pump; dividing the cooling water into two paths, and respectively sending one path of the cooling water to the evaporator in the double-effect absorption heat pump system to release heat and directly sending another path of the cooling water to the evaporator in the single-effect absorption heat pump system to release heat; outputting the cooling water output by the evaporator in the double-effect absorption heat pump system to the cooling end through the fourth throttling valve through the second three-way valve; and outputting the cooling water output by the evaporator in the single-effect absorption heat pump system to the cooling end through the fourth throttling valve.

[0011] In a possible implementation, the executing the cooling cycle further includes: connecting the first end of the fifth three-way valve and the second end of the fifth three-way valve, connecting the second end of the fifth three-way valve and the third end of the fifth three-way valve, connecting the first end of the first three-way valve and the third end of the first three-way valve, and connecting the third end of the third three-way valve and the second end of the third three-way valve; forming a first heat release circuit between the low-temperature waste heat management system, the fifth three-way valve, the double-effect absorption heat pump system, the first three-way valve, and the third three-way valve; forming a second heat release circuit between the low-temperature waste heat management system, the fifth three-way valve, the single-effect absorption heat pump system, the first three-way valve, and the third three-way valve; and dissipating heat from the auxiliary equipment, the double-effect absorption heat pump system, and the single-effect absorption heat pump system using the first heat release circuit and the second heat release circuit.

[0012] In a possible implementation, the waste heat management system includes an auxiliary equipment heat exchanger, a cold source heat exchanger, and a third circulating pump, and in the cooling cycle, dissipating heat from the auxiliary equipment, the double-effect absorption heat pump system, and the single-effect absorption heat pump system using the first heat release circuit and the second heat release circuit includes: absorbing heat from the nuclear power production auxiliary equipment through the auxiliary equipment heat exchanger to transfer the corresponding production waste heat of the nuclear power production auxiliary equipment to the circulating water in the waste heat management system; inputting the circulating water output by the auxiliary equipment heat exchanger into the fifth three-way valve; dividing the circulating water input into the fifth three-way valve into two paths via the fifth three-way valve, one path of the circulating water sequentially absorbing heat in the absorber and the condenser of the double-effect absorption heat pump system, and the other path of the circulating water absorbing heat in the absorber and the condenser of the single-effect absorption heat pump system; receiving and merging the two paths of the circulating water output by the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system through the first three-way valve, and inputting the circulating water into the cold source heat exchanger through the first three-way valve and the third three-way valve to release heat to discharge the heat carried by the circulating water through the cold source heat exchanger; and inputting the circulating water output by the cold source heat exchanger into the auxiliary equipment heat exchanger again in the form of circulating return water through the second circulating pump.

[0013] In a possible implementation, the double-effect absorption heat pump system comprises a first high-pressure generator, a first solution heat exchanger, a first absorber, a low-pressure generator, a first condenser, a first evaporator, a first throttling valve, a second throttling valve, a third throttling valve, a fourth throttling valve, a first solution pump, and a second solution pump, the first high-pressure generator is connected to auxiliary steam provided by a nuclear power plant device through a steam pipeline, the first high-pressure generator is connected to the first absorber through a solution pipeline in sequence via the first solution pump, the first solution heat exchanger, and the second solution pump, the first high-pressure generator is also connected to the first absorber through the solution pipeline in sequence via the first throttling valve, the first solution heat exchanger, and the second throttling valve, the first high-pressure generator, the low-pressure generator, and the third throttling valve are connected to the first condenser through the solution pipeline in sequence, the low-pressure generator is connected to the solution pipeline between the first solution heat exchanger and the first solution pump, the low-pressure generator is also connected to the solution pipeline between the first throttling valve and the first solution heat exchanger, the first condenser is connected to the first evaporator through the solution pipeline via the fourth throttling valve, and the first evaporator is connected to the first absorber through a steam pipeline, wherein the double-effect absorption heat pump system absorbs heat of the auxiliary steam in the following manner: the first high-pressure generator absorbs heat of the auxiliary steam to generate high-pressure refrigerant steam and a concentrated refrigerant solution by using a refrigerant solution in the first high-pressure generator, the high-pressure refrigerant steam is delivered to the low-pressure generator and the auxiliary steam after heat release is delivered to a single-effect absorption heat pump system, respectively, the high-pressure refrigerant steam is sequentially subjected to heat release of circulating water flowing into the double-effect absorption heat pump system through the low-pressure generator, the third throttling valve, the first condenser, and the fourth throttling valve, to obtain liquid refrigerant and input the first evaporator, the liquid refrigerant is subjected to heat absorption and evaporation by using a low-temperature heat source provided by a low-temperature waste heat management system and the first evaporator to generate gaseous refrigerant flowing into the first absorber, the gaseous refrigerant is absorbed by an absorbent in the first absorber to obtain a dilute refrigerant solution, heat generated in the absorption process is released to the circulating water flowing into the double-effect absorption heat pump system, the dilute refrigerant solution is pressurized by the second solution pump and input the first solution heat exchanger, the dilute refrigerant solution is preliminarily subjected to heat absorption by the first solution heat exchanger, a part of the dilute refrigerant solution is input the low-pressure generator, and another part of the dilute refrigerant solution is pressurized by the first solution pump and delivered to the first high-pressure generator, the concentrated refrigerant solution obtained after the first high-pressure generator generates is mixed with the concentrated refrigerant solution flowing out of the low-pressure generator after pressure reduction via the first throttling valve, is subjected to heat release by the first solution heat exchanger, and is input the first absorber after pressure reduction again via the second throttling valve.

[0014] In a possible implementation, the single-effect absorption heat pump system comprises a second high-pressure generator, a second solution heat exchanger, a second absorber, a second condenser, a second evaporator, a fifth throttling valve, a sixth throttling valve, and a third solution pump, the second high-pressure generator is connected to the auxiliary steam discharged by the double-effect absorption heat pump system through a steam pipeline, the second high-pressure generator is connected to the second absorber through a solution pipeline in sequence via the second solution heat exchanger and the third solution pump, the second high-pressure generator is connected to the second absorber through a solution pipeline in sequence via the second solution heat exchanger and the fifth throttling valve, the second high-pressure generator is connected to the second condenser through a solution pipeline, the second condenser is connected to the second evaporator through a solution pipeline via the sixth throttling valve, the second evaporator is connected to the second absorber through a steam pipeline, the heating water is connected to the circulating water pipeline of the second absorber through the first stop valve and the first circulating pump, and the solution pipeline in the second absorber is connected to the first end of the first three-way valve via the second condenser. The single-effect absorption heat pump system absorbs the heat of the auxiliary steam in the following manner: the refrigerant solution in the second high-pressure generator absorbs the heat of the auxiliary steam transferred by the double-effect absorption heat pump system to generate high-pressure refrigerant steam and a concentrated refrigerant solution; the high-pressure refrigerant steam is delivered to the second condenser; after the high-pressure refrigerant steam is discharged by the second condenser, liquid refrigerant is obtained and input into the second evaporator; the liquid refrigerant is evaporated by the low-temperature heat source provided by the low-temperature waste heat management system and the second evaporator to generate gaseous refrigerant flowing into the second absorber; the gaseous refrigerant is absorbed by the absorbent in the second absorber to obtain a dilute refrigerant solution, and the heat generated in the absorption process is discharged to the circulating water flowing into the single-effect absorption heat pump system; the dilute refrigerant solution is pressurized by the third solution pump and input into the second solution heat exchanger; the dilute refrigerant solution is cooled by the second solution heat exchanger and delivered to the second high-pressure generator; and the concentrated refrigerant solution obtained after the second high-pressure generator is generated and input into the second absorber in sequence via the second solution heat exchanger, heat discharge, and pressure reduction by the fifth throttling valve.

[0015] In a second aspect, the embodiments of the present application also provide a nuclear power plant heat source management system, which comprises a combined cooling heating and power system and a low-temperature waste heat management system, the combined cooling heating and power system comprises a double-effect absorption heat pump system, a single-effect absorption heat pump system, a first heat exchanger, and a cascade waste heat utilization system, the auxiliary steam is connected to a steam output end through the double-effect absorption heat pump system, the single-effect absorption heat pump system, and the first heat exchanger through a steam pipeline, and the nuclear power plant heat source management system further comprises a processor, which is applied to the heat management method based on nuclear power plant equipment provided in any one of the above embodiments.

[0016] The embodiments of the present application provide a thermal management method based on nuclear power plant equipment and a nuclear power plant heat source management system, including: controlling the cascade waste heat utilization system to switch to a heating operation state, absorbing the temperature of auxiliary equipment through the low-temperature waste heat management system to provide a low-temperature heat source for the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system respectively, and using the double-effect absorption heat pump system, the single-effect absorption heat pump system and the first heat exchanger to step-by-step absorb auxiliary waste heat to provide heat for hot water supply, thereby completing the heating cycle; controlling the cascade waste heat utilization system to switch to a cooling operation state, using the double-effect absorption heat pump system, the single-effect absorption heat pump system and the first heat exchanger to step-by-step absorb auxiliary waste heat and circulate the heat through the low-temperature waste heat management system to complete the cooling cycle. The present application uses a double-effect absorption system, a single-effect absorption system and a heat exchange combination to gradiently utilize the internal energy of nuclear power plant steam, improve energy utilization efficiency and avoid resource waste.

[0017] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, preferred embodiments are given below and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 A flow chart of a thermal management method based on nuclear power plant equipment provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0020] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a nuclear power plant heat source management system provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that the drawings in the present application only serve the purpose of illustration and description and are not used to limit the scope of protection of the present application. In addition, it should be understood that the schematic drawings are not drawn to scale. The flowcharts used in this application illustrate the operations implemented according to some embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that the operations of the flowcharts can be implemented out of sequence, and steps without logical context can be reversed or implemented simultaneously. In addition, those skilled in the art, under the guidance of the contents of this application, can add one or more other operations to the flowchart, or remove one or more operations from the flowchart.

[0022] In addition, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application generally described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the application for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0023] Nuclear power is a zero-CO2 emission method for generating electricity. In a nuclear reactor, the energy generated by nuclear fission is converted into internal energy, which is absorbed and carried away by the cooling water. This energy-rich cooling water is converted into high-temperature, high-pressure steam by a steam generator and fed into a steam turbine generator. Within the turbine, the steam drives the blades, generating electricity and converting the internal energy into electrical energy. The steam that flows out after power generation is typically over 150°C, yet still has high utilization value.

[0024] The current method of utilization generally uses heat exchange with the hot water production and distribution system (SES) to provide 60-70°C hot water for heating in reactor buildings, fuel plants, etc., to maintain the internal temperature of the plant in cold climates and improve the working comfort of maintenance personnel. In hot climates, the SES system needs to provide chilled water at around 7°C to relay rooms, DC distribution rooms, etc. to promptly remove heat generated by the operation of key equipment and ensure the safe and normal operation of the nuclear power plant circuit. The existing technology requires the refrigeration process to be completed by another additional compression refrigeration unit. In other words, the existing technology requires two independent cooling and heating systems to achieve cooling and heating in cold and hot climates respectively to meet the different temperature requirements within the nuclear power plant area.

[0025] The equipment used to build a nuclear power plant is mainly divided into three categories: nuclear island equipment, conventional island equipment, and auxiliary equipment. The heat generated by the operation of the auxiliary equipment is removed from the conventional island closed cooling water system through a plate heat exchanger and discharged into the seawater of the open circulating cooling water system. During the cold season, the equipment used to build a nuclear power plant is mainly divided into three categories: nuclear island equipment, conventional island equipment, and auxiliary equipment. The heat generated by the operation of the auxiliary equipment is removed from the conventional island closed cooling water system (SRI) through a plate heat exchanger and discharged into the seawater of the open circulating cooling water system. During the cold season, the waste heat temperature of the SRI system fluctuates between 25°C and 35°C, which is low-temperature waste heat that is directly discharged into the environment. The waste heat temperature fluctuates between 25°C and 35°C, which is low-temperature waste heat that is directly discharged into the environment.

[0026] The existing thermal management systems for nuclear power plant equipment have complex structures and low energy utilization rates, which are specifically reflected in the following aspects:

[0027] (1) In the heating process, the auxiliary steam over 150℃ is used to produce hot water of 60-70℃ by direct heat exchange, and due to the heat exchange temperature difference, a large amount of energy is lost; ;

[0028] (2) The steam is used by the traditional direct heat exchange, and due to the small temperature drop of the steam, the heat of the exchanged steam cannot be utilized, further causing energy waste;

[0029] (3) The low-temperature waste heat generated by the auxiliary equipment is directly discharged to the environment through the conventional island closed cooling water system, which affects the marine environment and causes energy waste.

[0030] Based on this, the embodiments of the present application provide a heat management method based on nuclear power plant equipment and a nuclear power plant heat source management system, which gradiently utilizes the internal energy of the nuclear power plant steam by the combination of double-effect absorption system, single-effect absorption system and heat exchange, improves the energy utilization efficiency, and avoids resource waste, specifically as follows:

[0031] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 a flow chart of a heat management method based on nuclear power plant equipment provided by the embodiments of the present application is shown. As Figure 1 shown, the method provided by the embodiments of the present application is applied to a nuclear power plant heat source management system.

[0032] Preferably, the nuclear power plant heat source management system includes a cold and hot combined supply system and a low-temperature waste heat management system, the cold and hot combined supply system includes a double-effect absorption heat pump system, a single-effect absorption heat pump system, a first heat exchanger and a cascade waste heat utilization system, and the auxiliary steam is connected to the steam output end through the double-effect absorption heat pump system, the single-effect absorption heat pump system and the first heat exchanger through a steam pipeline.

[0033] The heating return water end is connected to the double-effect absorption heat pump system, the single-effect absorption heat pump system and the first heat exchanger through the cascade waste heat utilization system respectively through a circulating water pipeline, and the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system are connected to the heat end through the cascade waste heat utilization system respectively through a circulating water pipeline.

[0034] The cooling return water end is connected to the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system through the cascade waste heat utilization system respectively through a circulating water pipeline, and the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system are connected to the cooling end through the cascade waste heat utilization system respectively through a circulating water pipeline.

[0035] The low-temperature waste heat management system is connected to the cascade waste heat utilization system to connect the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system through the cascade waste heat utilization system.

[0036] AsFigure 1 As shown, the method comprises:

[0037] S100, determining that the current ambient temperature is less than the first temperature threshold, then controlling the cascade waste heat utilization system to switch to a heating operation state, and making the heating water input from the heating return water end flow into the double-effect absorption heat pump system, the single-effect absorption heat pump system and the first heat exchanger in three paths respectively.

[0038] S200, using the auxiliary steam to stepwise release heat from the heating water through the double-effect absorption heat pump system, the single-effect absorption heat pump system and the first heat exchanger, and outputting the three paths of heating water to the heating end.

[0039] S300, absorbing the waste heat generated by the auxiliary equipment in the nuclear power plant through the low-temperature waste heat management system, and providing low-temperature heat sources for the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system respectively to complete the heating cycle.

[0040] S400, determining that the current ambient temperature is greater than or equal to the first temperature threshold, then controlling the cascade waste heat utilization system to switch to a cooling operation state, and making the cooling water input from the cooling return water end flow into the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system in two paths respectively.

[0041] S500, using the auxiliary steam to provide high-temperature heat sources for the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system, so that the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system absorb heat from the cooling water.

[0042] S600, outputting the two paths of cooling water output after releasing heat through the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system to the cooling end.

[0043] S700, using the low-temperature waste heat management system to dissipate heat from the auxiliary equipment, the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system to complete the cooling cycle.

[0044] In the steps S100-S600 provided in the present application, the current environment temperature or the required temperature in the target nuclear power plant workshop is detected first, and the target nuclear power plant workshop is the nuclear power plant workshop that needs to be cooled or heated, and then based on the current environment temperature or the required temperature, the cooling cycle or the heating cycle process is determined to be executed, specifically, the cascade waste heat utilization system can realize the switching of the nuclear power plant heat source management system in the cooling cycle or the heating cycle, on the one hand, in the heating process, the nuclear power plant heat source management system provided in the present application uses the auxiliary steam as the high-temperature heat source of the double-effect absorption heat pump, the single-effect absorption heat pump and the heat exchange process in turn, so as to recycle the sensible heat of the steam condensing heat, the high-temperature condensing water and the medium-temperature condensing water by using the auxiliary steam waste heat of the nuclear power plant through the double-effect absorption heat pump, the single-effect absorption heat pump and the first heat exchanger, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of the high-temperature heat source provided by the auxiliary steam and reducing the loss.

[0045] In addition, in the refrigeration process, the nuclear power plant heat source management system provided in the present application gradiently uses the condensing heat and the sensible heat of the auxiliary steam as the high-temperature heat source of the double-effect absorption refrigeration cycle and the single-effect absorption refrigeration cycle, so that the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system absorb heat from the cooling water under the driving of the high-temperature heat source, thereby realizing the cooling of the cooling water and reducing the power consumption, in addition, the low-temperature waste heat management system not only dissipates heat for the auxiliary equipment, but also dissipates heat for the internal circulation of the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system.

[0046] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 a structure schematic diagram of the nuclear power plant heat source management system provided in the embodiment of the present application. As Figure 2 shown, the combined cooling and heating system further comprises a first circulating pump R1.

[0047] The cascade waste heat utilization system comprises a first stop valve V1, a second stop valve V2, a third stop valve V3, a fourth stop valve V4, a first three-way valve Q1, a second three-way valve Q2, a third three-way valve Q3, a fourth three-way valve Q4 and a fifth three-way valve Q5, and a third circulating pump R3.

[0048] The waste heat management system comprises an auxiliary equipment heat exchanger 13, a cold source heat exchanger 14 and a second circulating pump R2.

[0049] The double-effect absorption heat pump system comprises a first high-pressure generator 1, a first solution heat exchanger 2, a first absorber 3, a low-pressure generator 4, a first condenser 5, a first evaporator 6, a first throttling valve S1, a second throttling valve S2, a third throttling valve S3, a fourth throttling valve S4, a first solution pump P1 and a second solution pump P2.

[0050] The single-effect absorption heat pump system comprises a second high-pressure generator 7, a second solution heat exchanger 8, a second absorber 9, a second condenser 10, a second evaporator 11, a fifth throttling valve S5, a sixth throttling valve S6 and a third solution pump P3.

[0051] One end of the first stop valve V1 is connected to the heat supply return water end C, and the other end of the first stop valve V1 is connected to the first end m of the first three-way valve Q1 through the circulating water pipeline and the first absorber 3 and the first condenser 5 in the double-effect absorption heat pump system.

[0052] The other end of the first stop valve V1 is also connected to the first end m of the first three-way valve Q1 through the circulating water pipeline and the second absorber 9 and the second condenser 10 in the single-effect absorption heat pump system.

[0053] The other end of the first stop valve V1 is also connected to the first end m of the first three-way valve Q1 through the circulating water pipeline, the second stop valve V2 and the first heat exchanger 12.

[0054] The second end o of the first three-way valve Q1 is connected to the heat utilization end D, one end of the third stop valve V3 is connected to the cooling return water through the third circulating pump, and the other end of the third stop valve V3 is connected to one end of the fourth stop valve V4 through the circulating water pipeline and the second evaporator in the single-effect absorption heat pump system, and the other end of the fourth stop valve V4 is connected to the cooling end F.

[0055] In this application, the auxiliary steam generated after nuclear power generation is input through the high-temperature heat source input end A, and then flows into the steam recovery end B through the steam pipeline in turn through the first high-pressure generator 1, the second high-pressure generator 7 and the first heat exchanger 12.

[0056] The nuclear power plant heat source management system of the present application includes the following modes in the process of performing the heat supply cycle:

[0057] The first stop valve V1 and the second stop valve V2 are controlled to be opened, the third stop valve V3 and the fourth stop valve V4 are controlled to be closed, the first end m of the first three-way valve Q1 and the second end o of the first three-way valve Q1 are controlled to be connected, and the heat supply water connected from the heat supply return water end C is input into the first circulating pump R1 through the first stop valve V1, so that the heat supply water is divided into three paths (including the first path heat supply water, the second path heat supply water and the third path heat supply water) under the action of the first circulating pump R1, and is respectively input into the double-effect absorption heat pump system, the single-effect absorption heat pump system and the first heat exchanger 12.

[0058] Specifically, the auxiliary steam input from the high-temperature heat source input end A first enters the first high-pressure generator in the double-effect absorption heat pump system, and is subjected to the first-stage heat absorption treatment by the first high-pressure generator to provide a high-temperature heat source for the heating cycle of the double-effect absorption heat pump system. The first hot water output by the first circulation pump R1 absorbs heat through the first absorber 3 and the first condenser 5, and is then input to the first end m of the first three-way valve.

[0059] The auxiliary steam output by the first high-pressure generator 1 is input into the second high-pressure generator 7 in the single-effect absorption heat pump system, so as to undergo a second-stage heat absorption treatment on the auxiliary steam through the second high-pressure generator 7, so as to provide a high-temperature heat source for the heating cycle of the single-effect absorption heat pump system. The second hot water output by the first circulation pump R1 absorbs heat through the second absorber 9 and the second condenser 10, and then is input into the first end m of the first three-way valve Q1.

[0060] The auxiliary steam output by the second high-pressure generator 7 is input into the first heat exchanger 12. The third hot water output by the first circulating pump R1 is input into the first heat exchanger 12 via the second stop valve V2, and then directly exchanges heat with the auxiliary steam input into the first heat exchanger 12 to complete the third-stage heat absorption treatment of the auxiliary steam. The auxiliary steam after the third-stage heat absorption treatment is input into the steam recovery end B through the steam pipeline, and the hot water output by the first heat exchanger is input into the first end m of the first three-way valve Q1 through the circulating water pipeline.

[0061] The first condenser 5, the second condenser 10 and the three-way hot water after heat absorption are collected and connected to the hot end D through the first end m of the first three-way valve Q1 and the second end n of the first three-way valve Q1.

[0062] In a preferred embodiment, if Figure 2 As shown, the other end of the third stop valve V3 is connected to the third end e of the second three-way valve Q2 through the second evaporator 11 in the single-effect absorption heat pump system via the circulating water pipeline, the first end f of the second three-way valve Q2 is connected to the first end g of the third three-way valve Q3, and the second end d of the second three-way valve Q2 is connected to the third end c of the fourth three-way valve Q4 through the circulating water pipeline via the first evaporator 6 in the double-effect absorption heat pump system.

[0063] The other end of the third shut-off valve V3 is also connected to the first end a of the fourth three-way valve Q4 , and the second end b of the fourth three-way valve Q4 is also connected to the third end k of the fifth three-way valve Q5 .

[0064] The other end of the first stop valve V1 is also connected to the first end l of the fifth three-way valve Q5. The second end j of the fifth three-way valve Q5 is connected to the second end i of the third three-way valve Q3 through the circulating water pipeline, the auxiliary equipment heat exchanger 13, the second circulating pump R2 and the cold source heat exchanger 14 in the low-temperature waste heat management system. The third end h of the third three-way valve Q3 is connected to the third end n of the first three-way valve Q1.

[0065] In a preferred embodiment, the nuclear power plant heat source management system of the present application further comprises the following modes during the execution of the heat supply cycle:

[0066] The second end d of the second three-way valve Q2 and the first end f of the second three-way valve Q2 are connected, the first end g of the third three-way valve Q3 and the second end i of the third three-way valve Q3 are connected, the second end j of the fifth three-way valve Q5 and the third end k of the fifth three-way valve Q5 are connected, the first end a of the fourth three-way valve Q4 and the second end b of the fourth three-way valve Q4 are connected, the first end a of the fourth three-way valve Q4 and the third end c of the fourth three-way valve Q4 are connected, and the third end e of the second three-way valve Q2 and the first end f of the second three-way valve Q2 are connected.

[0067] Between the first evaporator 6, the fourth three-way valve Q4, the fifth three-way valve Q5, the auxiliary equipment heat exchanger 13, the second circulating pump R2, the cold source heat exchanger 14, the third three-way valve Q3 and the second three-way valve Q2, a first waste heat utilization circuit is formed.

[0068] Between the second evaporator 11, the fourth three-way valve, the fifth three-way valve, the auxiliary equipment heat exchanger 13, the second circulating pump R2, the cold source heat exchanger 14, the third three-way valve Q3 and the second three-way valve Q2, a second waste heat utilization circuit is formed.

[0069] The low-temperature heat source is provided to the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system through the first waste heat utilization circuit and the second waste heat utilization circuit.

[0070] In a specific embodiment, the step of providing the low-temperature heat source to the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system through the first waste heat utilization circuit and the second waste heat utilization circuit comprises:

[0071] The circulating water in the low-temperature waste heat management system is driven by the second circulating pump R2 to absorb heat from the nuclear power production auxiliary equipment through the auxiliary equipment heat exchanger 13, and the circulating water that has absorbed the auxiliary equipment waste heat flows into the second end b of the fourth three-way valve Q4 through the second end j and the third end k of the fifth three-way valve Q5.

[0072] The fourth three-way valve Q4 divides the circulating water into two paths, one of which is output to the first evaporator 6 in the double-effect absorption heat pump system through the third end c of the fourth three-way valve Q4 to release heat, thereby providing a low-temperature heat source for the double-effect absorption heat pump system, and the other of which is output to the second evaporator 11 in the single-effect absorption heat pump system through the first end a of the fourth three-way valve Q4 to release heat, thereby providing a low-temperature heat source for the single-effect absorption heat pump system.

[0073] One of the circulating water is input to the second end d of the second three-way valve Q2 after heat release through the first evaporator 6, and the other of the circulating water is input to the second end d of the second three-way valve Q2 after heat release through the second evaporator 11, the two circulating water are converged at the second end d of the second three-way valve Q2, and then input to the cold source heat exchanger 14 through the first end f of the second three-way valve Q2, the first end g of the third three-way valve Q3 and the second end i of the third three-way valve, to release heat and discharge the excess heat in the circulating water through the cold source heat exchanger 14, and then the circulating water after heat exchange treatment in the cold source heat exchanger 14 is input to the auxiliary equipment heat exchanger 13 in the form of circulating return water through the second circulating pump R2, to complete the energy supply process of the low-temperature waste heat management system to the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system.

[0074] Therefore, the heat management method provided by the application can utilize the latent heat and sensible heat of the auxiliary steam to heat release to the generator in the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system through the double-effect absorption heat pump system, the single-effect absorption heat pump system and the first heat exchanger in the heat supply cycle, to drive the heat pump system to operate, reduce heat loss and expand heat, and the gradient utilization can reduce the return water temperature of the auxiliary steam and reduce the loss of the high-temperature heat exchange process.

[0075] On the other hand, the low-temperature waste heat generated by the auxiliary equipment is partially absorbed by the cold and heat combined supply system through the low-temperature heat management system, which can reduce the heat discharge amount of the auxiliary equipment to the cold source heat exchanger, avoid resource waste and damage to the environment.

[0076] The nuclear power plant heat source management system of the application includes the following modes in the process of performing the cooling cycle:

[0077] The third stop valve V3 and the fourth stop valve V4 are controlled to be opened respectively, the first stop valve V1 is controlled to be closed, the second end d of the second three-way valve Q2 and the third end e of the second three-way valve Q2 are connected respectively, and the first end a of the fourth three-way valve Q4 and the third end c of the fourth three-way valve Q4 are connected.

[0078] The cooling water input from the cooling return water end E is input to the third stop valve V3 under the action of the third circulating pump, the cooling water output from the third stop valve V3 is divided into two paths, one of which is input to the first evaporator 6 through the first end a of the fourth three-way valve Q4 and the third end c of the fourth three-way valve, and the other of which is directly input to the second evaporator 11.

[0079] The cooling water output from the first evaporator 6 after heat absorption is received by the second end d of the second three-way valve Q2, and then output to one end of the fourth stop valve V4 through the third end e of the second three-way valve Q2, mixed with the cooling water output from the second evaporator 11, and then input to the cooling end through the fourth stop valve V4.​

[0080] In a specific embodiment, the cooling cycle further comprises:

[0081] The first end I of the fifth three-way valve Q5 and the second end J of the fifth three-way valve Q5 are connected, the second end J of the fifth three-way valve Q5 and the third end K of the fifth three-way valve Q5 are connected, the first end M of the first three-way valve Q1 and the third end N of the first three-way valve Q1 are connected, and the third end H of the third three-way valve Q3 and the second end I of the third three-way valve Q3 are connected.

[0082] A first heat release loop is formed between the auxiliary equipment heat exchanger 13, the fifth three-way valve Q5, the first absorber 3 in the double-effect absorption heat pump system, the first condenser 5, the first three-way valve Q1, the third three-way valve Q3, and the cold source heat exchanger 14.

[0083] A second heat release loop is formed between the auxiliary equipment heat exchanger 13, the fifth three-way valve Q5, the second absorber 9 in the single-effect absorption heat pump system, the second condenser 10, the first three-way valve Q1, the third three-way valve Q3, and the cold source heat exchanger 14.

[0084] The first heat release loop and the second heat release loop are used to dissipate heat generated by the auxiliary equipment, the double-effect absorption heat pump system, and the single-effect absorption heat pump system.

[0085] In a specific embodiment, the first heat release loop and the second heat release loop are used to dissipate heat generated by the auxiliary equipment, the double-effect absorption heat pump system, and the single-effect absorption heat pump system, including:

[0086] The auxiliary equipment heat exchanger 13 absorbs heat from the nuclear power production auxiliary equipment to transfer the corresponding production waste heat of the nuclear power production auxiliary equipment to the circulating water in the waste heat management system. The circulating water output by the auxiliary equipment heat exchanger 13 is input into the second end J of the fifth three-way valve Q5, and the circulating water input into the fifth three-way valve Q5 is divided into two paths via the fifth three-way valve Q5. One path of the circulating water absorbs heat in the first absorber 3 and the first condenser 5 in sequence via the first end I of the fifth three-way valve Q5, and the other path of the circulating water absorbs heat in the second absorber 9 and the second condenser 10 in the single-effect absorption heat pump system via the first end I of the fifth three-way valve Q5. The two paths of circulating water output by the first condenser 5 and the second condenser 10 are received and combined by the first end M of the first three-way valve Q1, and then the combined circulating water is input into the cold source heat exchanger 14 in sequence via the third end N of the first three-way valve, the third end H of the third three-way valve Q3, and the second end I of the third three-way valve Q3 for heat release. The heat released by the cold source heat exchanger 14 is discharged from the circulating water, and the circulating water output after heat release by the second circulating pump R2 is again input into the auxiliary equipment heat exchanger 13 in the form of circulating return water.

[0087] Specifically, the heat management method provided by the application reduces refrigeration energy consumption in the cooling cycle process through the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system, the auxiliary steam is discharged to the generator inside the single-effect and double-effect absorption heat pump systems to drive the single-effect and double-effect absorption heat pump systems to operate, the cooling return water is divided into two paths and discharged to the first evaporator 6 and the second evaporator 11 to release heat and reduce temperature, which is used for the refrigeration cycle, in addition, the waste heat generated by the absorber and the condenser inside the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system can be discharged to the cold source through the low-temperature heat management system to achieve effective heat dissipation of the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system.

[0088] In a preferred embodiment, for the double-effect absorption heat pump system, the first high-pressure generator 1 is connected to the auxiliary steam provided by the nuclear power plant equipment through the steam pipeline, the first high-pressure generator 1 is connected to the first absorber 3 through the solution pipeline in sequence via the first solution pump P1, the first solution heat exchanger 2 and the second solution pump P2, the first high-pressure generator 1 is also connected to the first absorber 3 through the solution pipeline in sequence via the first throttling valve S1, the first solution heat exchanger 2 and the second throttling valve S2, the first high-pressure generator 1, the low-pressure generator 4 and the third throttling valve S3 are connected through the solution pipeline in sequence, the low-pressure generator 4 is connected to the solution pipeline between the first solution heat exchanger 2 and the first solution pump P1, the low-pressure generator 4 is also connected to the solution pipeline between the first throttling valve S1 and the first solution heat exchanger 2, the first condenser 5 is connected through the solution pipeline between the fourth throttling valve S4 and the first evaporator 6, and the first evaporator 6 is connected to the first absorber 3 through the steam pipeline.

[0089] In a specific embodiment, the double-effect absorption heat pump system absorbs the heat of the auxiliary steam in the following way:

[0090] The refrigerant solution in the first high-pressure generator 1 absorbs the heat of the auxiliary steam to generate high-pressure refrigerant steam and concentrated refrigerant solution, the high-pressure refrigerant steam is transported to the low-pressure generator 4, and the auxiliary steam after heat release is transported to the second high-pressure generator 7 in the single-effect absorption heat pump system.

[0091] The high-pressure refrigerant steam flows into the low-pressure generator 4, the third throttling valve S3 and the first condenser 5 in sequence to release heat to the circulating water flowing into the double-effect absorption heat pump system, and the liquid refrigerant obtained after heat release treatment through the first condenser 5 is input into the first evaporator 6 through the fourth throttling valve S4, in the first evaporator 6, the liquid refrigerant is evaporated by absorbing the low-temperature heat source provided by the low-temperature waste heat management system to generate gaseous refrigerant flowing into the first absorber 3.

[0092] The gaseous refrigerant is absorbed by the absorbent in the first absorber 3 to obtain a dilute refrigerant solution, and the heat generated in the absorption process is released to the circulating water flowing into the double-effect absorption heat pump system. The dilute refrigerant solution is pressurized by the second solution pump P2 and then input into the first solution heat exchanger 2. After the dilute refrigerant solution is preliminarily absorbed by the first solution heat exchanger 2, part of the dilute refrigerant solution is input into the low-pressure generator 4, and the other part of the dilute refrigerant solution is pressurized by the first solution pump P1 and then delivered to the first high-pressure generator 1.

[0093] The concentrated refrigerant solution obtained after the first high-pressure generator 1 generates is depressurized by the first throttling valve S1 and mixed with the concentrated refrigerant solution flowing out of the low-pressure generator 4, and then released by the first solution heat exchanger 2 and re-depressurized by the second throttling valve S2 before being input into the first absorber 3.

[0094] In another preferred embodiment, the single-effect absorption heat pump system includes a second high-pressure generator 7, a second solution heat exchanger 8, a second absorber 9, a second condenser 10, a second evaporator 11, a fifth throttling valve S5, a sixth throttling valve S6, and a third solution pump P3.

[0095] The second high-pressure generator 7 is connected to the second absorber 9 through the solution pipe and in sequence through the second solution heat exchanger 8 and the third solution pump P3, and is also connected to the second absorber 9 through the solution pipe and in sequence through the second solution heat exchanger 8 and the fifth throttling valve V5. The second high-pressure generator 7 is connected to the second condenser 10 through the solution pipe, and the second condenser 10 is connected to the second evaporator 11 through the solution pipe and in sequence through the sixth throttling valve V6. The second evaporator 11 is connected to the second absorber 9 through the steam pipe. The heating water is connected to the circulating water pipe of the second absorber 9 through the first stop valve V1 and the first circulating pump R1. The solution pipe in the second absorber 9 is also connected to the first end m of the first three-way valve Q1 through the second condenser 10.

[0096] In a specific embodiment, the single-effect absorption heat pump system absorbs the heat of the auxiliary steam in the following way:

[0097] The refrigerant solution in the second high-pressure generator 7 absorbs the heat of the auxiliary steam transferred by the first evaporator 6 to generate high-pressure refrigerant steam and concentrated refrigerant solution. The high-pressure refrigerant steam is delivered to the second condenser 10, and after the high-pressure refrigerant steam is released by the second condenser 10, liquid refrigerant is obtained and input into the second evaporator 11.

[0098] The low-temperature heat source provided by the low-temperature waste heat management system and the second evaporator 11 are used to evaporate the liquid refrigerant by absorbing heat, and the gaseous refrigerant is flowed into the second absorber 9, and the gaseous refrigerant is absorbed by the absorbent in the second absorber 9 to obtain a dilute refrigerant solution, and the heat generated in the absorption process is discharged to the circulating water flowed into the single-effect absorption heat pump system, and the dilute refrigerant solution is pressurized by the third solution pump P3 and input into the second solution heat exchanger 8, and the dilute refrigerant solution is cooled by the second solution heat exchanger 8 and then transported to the second high-pressure generator 7, and the concentrated refrigerant solution obtained after the second high-pressure generator 7 is generated is sequentially discharged by the second solution heat exchanger 8, the fifth throttling valve V5 is reduced in pressure, and then input into the second absorber 9.

[0099] In a preferred embodiment, the absorbent and the refrigerant in the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system can be replaced and optimized according to actual needs.

[0100] Preferably, the circulating working medium in the cooling cycle for delivering cold energy to the cold end and the heating cycle for delivering heat to the hot end is usually water, which can be replaced by other working media according to actual operation needs.

[0101] In the case that the current ambient temperature is lower than the freezing risk threshold, the circulating working medium flowed in the low-temperature waste heat management system is replaced by the antifreeze.

[0102] In a preferred embodiment, the nuclear power plant heat source management system provided by the present application further comprises a processor, and the processor executes the heat management method provided by any of the above-mentioned embodiments. Specifically, the processor can be connected to the cascade waste heat utilization system to control the state of the stop valve, the three-way valve, the solution pump, the circulating pump and the throttling valve in the cascade waste heat utilization system, so as to realize the switching of the operation mode of the nuclear power plant heat source management system.

[0103] In another preferred embodiment, the internal operation pressure and working temperature of the combined cooling and heating system can be adjusted by setting the solution concentration, the circulation ratio and the mass flow distribution of the high-pressure generator and the low-pressure generator in the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system, that is, the optimal solution concentration, the circulation ratio and the flow distribution are obtained according to the required temperature, the equipment operation pressure range and the efficiency optimization calculation.

[0104] In a possible implementation, the refrigerating capacity and the heating capacity of the system can be further designed by adjusting the solution amount, the circulation rate and the heat transfer rate of the heat exchanger in the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system.

[0105] Further, in the combined cooling and heating system, the auxiliary steam is cooled and condensed into high-temperature liquid water, and then is cooled again. The first high-pressure generator in the double-effect absorption heat pump system utilizes the heat released by the cooling and condensing of the auxiliary steam. The second high-pressure generator and the first heat exchanger in the single-effect absorption heat pump system utilize the heat released by the cooling of the liquid water output by the first high-pressure generator after processing the auxiliary steam. The condensing temperature is controlled by adjusting the pressure of the auxiliary steam, so as to control the heat supply of the three driving heat sources.

[0106] In a preferred embodiment, the cooling supply cycle from the cooling return water end E to the cooling end F includes two cooling water branches, and the heating supply cycle from the heating return water end C to the heating end D includes three heating water branches. The present application can obtain different output powers of the cooling supply cycle by adjusting the flow distribution of each cooling water branch in the cooling supply cycle, and can obtain different output powers of the heating supply cycle by adjusting the flow distribution of each heating water branch in the heating supply cycle.

[0107] Further, in the combined cooling and heating system provided by the present application, the auxiliary steam heat supply is matched with the output power of the cooling supply cycle and the output power of the heating supply cycle, respectively.

[0108] Specifically, in the heating cycle, the auxiliary steam heat distribution is matched with the heating output power of the three loops of the double-effect energy absorption system, the single-effect energy absorption system, and the first heat exchanger, and the return water temperature of the auxiliary steam loop is matched with the heating cut-off temperature of the first heat exchanger.

[0109] In the cooling cycle, the auxiliary steam heat distribution is matched with the cooling output power of the two loops of the double-effect energy absorption system and the single-effect energy absorption system.

[0110] In a preferred embodiment, the combined cooling and heating system provided by the present application is matched with the low-temperature waste heat management system.

[0111] Specifically, in the heating process, the evaporation efficiency and the evaporation temperature of the evaporators of the single-effect absorption heat pump system and the double-effect absorption heat pump system are matched with the heating efficiency and the heating temperature of the low-temperature waste heat management system.

[0112] In the cooling process, the total heat production of the auxiliary equipment heat exchanger, the absorber, and the condenser in the single-effect absorption heat pump system and the double-effect absorption heat pump system is matched with the heat release of the cold source heat exchanger.

[0113] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of the description, the specific working process of the system and the device described above can refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here. In several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed system, device and method can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are only schematic, for example, the division of the units is only a logical function division, and there can be another division manner in actual implementation, for example, a plurality of units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection between the units shown or discussed can be indirect coupling or communication connection through some communication interfaces, devices or units, and can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0114] The units described as separate components can or can not be physically separate, and the components shown as units can or can not be physical units, i.e., can be located in one place or can be distributed on a plurality of network units. Part or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the embodiment.

[0115] In addition, the functional units in each embodiment of the present application can be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically, or two or more units can be integrated in one unit.

[0116] If the functions are realized in the form of software function units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a non-volatile computer readable storage medium executable by a processor. Based on this understanding, the technical solutions of the present application essentially or the parts that contribute to the prior art or the parts of the technical solutions can be embodied in the form of software products, and the computer software products are stored in a storage medium, including a plurality of instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the embodiments of the present application. The foregoing storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), magnetic disk or optical disk, and various program code storage media.

[0117] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A thermal management method based on nuclear power plant equipment, characterized in that: The method is applied to a heat source management system of a nuclear power plant, which includes a combined cooling and heating system and a low-temperature waste heat management system. The combined cooling and heating system includes a double-effect absorption heat pump system, a single-effect absorption heat pump system, a first heat exchanger, and a cascade waste heat utilization system. Auxiliary steam is connected to a steam output end through a steam pipeline via the double-effect absorption heat pump system, the single-effect absorption heat pump system, and the first heat exchanger. Among them, the methods include: If it is determined that the current ambient temperature is less than the first temperature threshold, the cascade waste heat utilization system is controlled to switch to a heating operation state, so that the hot water input from the heating return end is divided into three paths and flows into the double-effect absorption heat pump system, the single-effect absorption heat pump system, and the first heat exchanger respectively; The auxiliary steam is used to release the hot water in a step-by-step manner through the double-effect absorption heat pump system, the single-effect absorption heat pump system and the first heat exchanger, and the three hot water supplies are output to the heat-using end in a combined manner; The low-temperature waste heat management system absorbs waste heat generated by production auxiliary equipment in the nuclear power plant and provides low-temperature heat sources for the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system, completing the heating cycle. If it is determined that the current ambient temperature is greater than or equal to the first temperature threshold, the cascade waste heat utilization system is controlled to switch to a cooling operation state, so that the cooling water input from the cooling return end flows into the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system respectively; Gradient utilization of auxiliary steam to provide a high-temperature heat source for the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system, so that the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system absorb heat from the cooling water; The cold end is used to aggregate the two cold water supply outputs of the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system; The low-temperature waste heat management system is used to dissipate waste heat generated by auxiliary equipment, and the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system are used to dissipate heat to complete the cooling cycle.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The combined cooling and heating system further includes a first circulation pump, and the cascade waste heat utilization system includes a first stop valve, a second stop valve, a third stop valve, a fourth stop valve and a first three-way valve. One end of the first stop valve is connected to the heating return water end, and the other end of the first stop valve is connected to the first end of the first three-way valve through the double-effect absorption heat pump system through a circulating water pipeline, and is connected to the first end of the first three-way valve through the single-effect absorption heat pump system through a circulating water pipeline, and is connected to the first end of the first three-way valve through the second stop valve and the first heat exchanger through a circulating water pipeline. The second end of the first three-way valve is connected to the heating end, one end of the third stop valve is connected to the cooling return water end, and the other end of the third stop valve is connected to one end of the fourth stop valve through the circulating water pipeline through the single-effect absorption heat pump system. The other end of the fourth stop valve is connected to the cooling end. Wherein, during the heat supply cycle, the method further comprises: Respectively control the first stop valve and the second stop valve to open and the third stop valve and the fourth stop valve to close; Controlling the first end of the first three-way valve to be connected with the second end of the first three-way valve; Controlling the hot water supply to be input into the first circulation pump through the first stop valve, so that under the action of the first circulation pump, the hot water supply is divided into three paths and input into the double-effect absorption heat pump system, the single-effect absorption heat pump system and the first heat exchanger respectively; The auxiliary steam flowing in from the steam input end is subjected to a first-stage heat absorption treatment by the hot water flowing into the double-effect absorption heat pump system, and the auxiliary steam after the first-stage heat absorption treatment is input into the single-effect absorption heat pump system; The auxiliary steam flowing in from the steam input end is subjected to a second-stage heat absorption treatment by the hot water flowing into the single-effect absorption heat pump system, and the auxiliary steam after the second-stage heat absorption treatment is input into the first heat exchanger; The auxiliary steam input from the single-effect absorption heat pump system is subjected to a third-stage heat absorption treatment by the first heat exchanger, and the auxiliary steam after the second-stage heat absorption treatment is output to the steam output end; The heated water outputted from the double-effect absorption heat pump system, the single-effect absorption heat pump system and the first heat exchanger is collected and connected to the heat end through the first end and the second end of the first three-way valve.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The cascade waste heat utilization system further includes a second three-way valve, a third three-way valve, a fourth three-way valve and a fifth three-way valve. The other end of the third stop valve is connected to the third end of the second three-way valve through a circulating water pipeline via a single-effect absorption heat pump system, the first end of the second three-way valve is connected to the first end of the third three-way valve, and the second end of the second three-way valve is connected to the third end of the fourth three-way valve through a circulating water pipeline via a double-effect absorption heat pump system. The other end of the third stop valve is also connected to the first end of the fourth three-way valve, and the second end of the fourth three-way valve is also connected to the third end of the fifth three-way valve; The other end of the first stop valve is also connected to the first end of the fifth three-way valve, the second end of the fifth three-way valve is connected to the second end of the third three-way valve through the circulating water pipeline and the low-temperature waste heat management system, and the third end of the third three-way valve is connected to the third end of the first three-way valve. Wherein, during the heat supply cycle, the method further comprises: Respectively controlling the second end of the second three-way valve to be connected to the first end of the second three-way valve, the first end of the third three-way valve to be connected to the second end of the third three-way valve, the second end of the fifth three-way valve to be connected to the third end of the fifth three-way valve, the first end of the fourth three-way valve to be connected to the second end of the fourth three-way valve, the first end of the fourth three-way valve to be connected to the third end of the fourth three-way valve, and the third end of the second three-way valve to be connected to the first end of the second three-way valve; A first waste heat utilization loop is formed between the double-effect absorption heat pump system, the fourth three-way valve, the fifth three-way valve, the low-temperature waste heat management system, the third three-way valve and the second three-way valve; a second waste heat utilization loop between the single-effect absorption heat pump system, the fourth three-way valve, the fifth three-way valve, the low-temperature waste heat management system, the third three-way valve, and the second three-way valve; A low-temperature heat source is provided to the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system through the first waste heat utilization loop and the second waste heat utilization loop.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The waste heat management system includes an auxiliary equipment heat exchanger, a cold source heat exchanger and a second circulation pump. Wherein, during the heat supply cycle, the method further comprises: absorbing heat from the nuclear power production auxiliary equipment through the auxiliary heat exchanger to transfer the production waste heat corresponding to the nuclear power production auxiliary equipment to the circulating water in the waste heat management system; The circulating water output from the auxiliary heat exchanger flows into the fourth three-way valve through the fifth three-way valve, and is divided into two paths of circulating water by the fourth three-way valve, one of which is passed through the evaporator in the double-effect absorption heat pump system to release heat, providing a low-temperature heat source for the double-effect absorption heat pump system, and the other is passed through the evaporator of the single-effect absorption heat pump system to release heat, providing a low-temperature heat source for the single-effect absorption heat pump system; The two circulating water outputs from the evaporator in the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the evaporator in the single-effect absorption heat pump system are received and merged through the second three-way valve, and input into the cold source heat exchanger through the third three-way valve for heat release, so as to discharge the unused excess heat in the circulating water through the cold source heat exchanger; The circulating water output from the cold source heat exchanger is again connected to the auxiliary equipment heat exchanger in the form of circulating return water through the second circulating pump to complete the energy supply process of the low-temperature waste heat management system to the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The cascade waste heat utilization system also includes a third circulation pump, The execution of the cooling cycle also includes: Respectively control the third stop valve and the fourth stop valve to open and the first stop valve to close; Respectively connecting the second end of the second three-way valve and the third end of the second three-way valve and connecting the first end of the fourth three-way valve and the third end of the fourth three-way valve; Controlling the cooling water input from the cooling return water end to be input into the third stop valve via the third circulation pump; Divide the cooling water supply into two routes, one of which is transported to the evaporator in the double-effect absorption heat pump system through the fourth three-way valve for heat release, and the other is directly transported to the evaporator in the single-effect absorption heat pump system for heat release; The cooling water outputted from the evaporator in the double-effect absorption heat pump system is outputted to the cold end through the fourth throttle valve via the second three-way valve; The cooling water output from the evaporator in the single-effect absorption heat pump system is output to the cold end through the fourth throttle valve.

6. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that Executing a cooling cycle also includes: Respectively connecting the first end of the fifth three-way valve and the second end of the fifth three-way valve, connecting the second end of the fifth three-way valve and the third end of the fifth three-way valve, connecting the first end and the third end of the first three-way valve, connecting the third end of the third three-way valve and the second end of the third three-way valve; A first heat release loop is formed between the low-temperature waste heat management system, the fifth three-way valve, the double-effect absorption heat pump system, the first three-way valve, and the third three-way valve; A second heat release loop is formed between the low-temperature waste heat management system, the fifth three-way valve, the single-effect absorption heat pump system, the first three-way valve, and the third three-way valve; The first heat release loop and the second heat release loop are used to dissipate waste heat generated by auxiliary equipment, the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The waste heat management system includes an auxiliary equipment heat exchanger, a cold source heat exchanger and a third circulation pump. In the cooling cycle, the first heat release circuit and the second heat release circuit are used to dissipate waste heat generated by auxiliary equipment, the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system, including: absorbing heat from the nuclear power production auxiliary equipment through the auxiliary equipment heat exchanger to transfer the production waste heat corresponding to the nuclear power production auxiliary equipment to the circulating water in the waste heat management system; inputting the circulating water outputted from the auxiliary equipment heat exchanger into a fifth three-way valve; The circulating water input into the fifth three-way valve is divided into two paths via the fifth three-way valve, one of which is passed through the absorber and condenser in the double-effect absorption heat pump system to absorb heat, and the other is passed through the absorber and condenser in the single-effect absorption heat pump system to absorb heat; The two circulating water outputs of the double-effect absorption heat pump system and the single-effect absorption heat pump system are received and merged through the first three-way valve, and input into the cold source heat exchanger through the first three-way valve and the third three-way valve for heat release, so as to discharge the heat carried in the circulating water through the cold source heat exchanger; The circulating water output from the cold source heat exchanger is fed back into the auxiliary equipment heat exchanger in the form of circulating return water through the second circulating pump.

8. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The double-effect absorption heat pump system includes a first high-pressure generator, a first solution heat exchanger, a first absorber, a low-pressure generator, a first condenser, a first evaporator, a first throttle valve, a second throttle valve, a third throttle valve, a fourth throttle valve, a first solution pump and a second solution pump. The first high-pressure generator is connected to the auxiliary steam provided by the nuclear power plant equipment through a steam pipeline. The first high-pressure generator is connected to the first absorber through a solution pipeline in sequence through the first solution pump, the first solution heat exchanger and the second solution pump. The first high-pressure generator is also connected to the first absorber through a solution pipeline in sequence through the first throttle valve, the first solution heat exchanger and the second throttle valve. The first high-pressure generator, the low-pressure generator, the third throttle valve and the first condenser are connected in sequence through a solution pipeline. The low-pressure generator is connected to the solution pipeline between the first solution heat exchanger and the first solution pump. The low-pressure generator is also connected to the solution pipeline between the first throttle valve and the first solution heat exchanger. The first condenser is connected to the first evaporator through a solution pipeline through the fourth throttle valve. The first evaporator and the first absorber are connected through a steam pipeline. Among them, the double-effect absorption heat pump system absorbs auxiliary steam heat in the following ways: Utilizing the refrigerant solution in the first high-pressure generator to absorb the heat of the auxiliary steam to generate high-pressure refrigerator steam and concentrated refrigerant solution, respectively delivering the high-pressure refrigerator steam to the low-pressure generator and delivering the auxiliary steam after heat release to the single-effect absorption heat pump system; The high-pressure refrigerator steam is sequentially passed through the low-pressure generator, the third throttle valve, the first condenser, and the fourth throttle valve to release heat to the circulating water flowing into the double-effect absorption heat pump system to obtain liquid refrigerant and input it into the first evaporator; The low-temperature heat source provided by the low-temperature waste heat management system and the first evaporator are used to absorb heat and evaporate the liquid refrigerant, generating a gaseous refrigerant that flows into the first absorber; The absorbent in the first absorber absorbs the gaseous refrigerant to obtain a dilute refrigerant solution, and the heat generated during the absorption process is released to the circulating water flowing into the double-effect absorption heat pump system; The dilute refrigerant solution is pressurized by the second solution pump and then fed into the first solution heat exchanger. After the dilute refrigerant solution is initially heat-absorbed by the first solution heat exchanger, a portion of the dilute refrigerant solution is fed into the low-pressure generator, and the other portion of the dilute refrigerant solution is pressurized by the first solution pump and then fed into the first high-pressure generator. The concentrated refrigerant solution obtained after the first high-pressure generator is reduced in pressure by the first throttle valve and mixed with the concentrated refrigerant solution flowing out of the low-pressure generator, releases heat through the first solution heat exchanger, and is reduced in pressure again by the second throttle valve before being input into the first absorber.

9. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The single-effect absorption heat pump system includes a second high-pressure generator, a second solution heat exchanger, a second absorber, a second condenser, a second evaporator, a fifth throttle valve, a sixth throttle valve and a third solution pump. The second high-pressure generator is connected to the auxiliary steam after heat release by the double-effect absorption heat pump system through a steam pipeline. The second high-pressure generator is connected to the second absorber through a solution pipeline in sequence through the second solution heat exchanger and the third solution pump. The second high-pressure generator is also connected to the second absorber through a solution pipeline in sequence through the second solution heat exchanger and the fifth throttle valve. The second high-pressure generator is connected to the second condenser through a solution pipeline. The second condenser is connected to the second evaporator through a solution pipeline through the sixth throttle valve. The second evaporator is connected to the second absorber through a steam pipeline. The hot water is connected to the circulating water pipeline of the second absorber through the first stop valve and the first circulating pump. The solution pipeline in the second absorber is also connected to the first end of the first three-way valve through the second condenser. Among them, the single-effect absorption heat pump system absorbs auxiliary steam heat in the following ways: utilizing the refrigerant solution in the second high-pressure generator to absorb the auxiliary steam heat transferred by the double-effect absorption heat pump system to generate high-pressure refrigerator steam and concentrated refrigerant solution; conveying high-pressure refrigerator vapor to a second condenser; After the high-pressure refrigerator steam releases heat through the second condenser, liquid refrigerant is obtained and input into the second evaporator; The liquid refrigerant is evaporated by absorbing heat using the low-temperature heat source provided by the low-temperature waste heat management system and the second evaporator, generating a gaseous refrigerant that flows into the second absorber; The absorbent in the second absorber absorbs the gaseous refrigerant to obtain a dilute refrigerant solution, and the heat generated during the absorption process is released to the circulating water flowing into the single-effect absorption heat pump system; The dilute refrigerant solution is pressurized and input into the second solution heat exchanger by a third solution pump; The dilute refrigerant solution is transported to the second high-pressure generator after absorbing heat from the dilute refrigerant solution by the second solution heat exchanger; The concentrated refrigerant solution obtained after the second high-pressure generator is sequentially fed into the second absorber after releasing heat through the second solution heat exchanger and reducing pressure through the fifth throttle valve.

10. A nuclear power plant heat source management system, characterized in that: The nuclear power plant heat source management system includes a combined cooling and heating system and a low-temperature waste heat management system. The combined cooling and heating system includes a double-effect absorption heat pump system, a single-effect absorption heat pump system, a first heat exchanger, and a cascade waste heat utilization system. Auxiliary steam is connected to the steam output end through a steam pipeline via the double-effect absorption heat pump system, the single-effect absorption heat pump system, and the first heat exchanger. The nuclear power plant heat source management system further includes a processor, which is applied to the thermal management method based on nuclear power plant equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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