Evaluation method for leisure and recreation functions in green open space of community life circle

Abstract

The invention provides a method for evaluating a leisure and recreation function in a green open space of a community life circle, and the method comprises the steps: 1, carrying out the collection of multi-source data, and enabling the multi-source data to comprise behavior activity data and ecological and built environment data; step 2, carrying out leisure and recreation function identification; 3, carrying out the supply and demand classification evaluation of the leisure and rest functions, and carrying out the evaluation from the three functional levels of recreation space, recreation travel and recreation facilities, and obtaining an evaluation result; and 4, carrying out overall evaluation on the supply-demand relationship of the leisure and recreation functions to obtain spatial distribution characteristics, and forming the evaluation method of the leisure and recreation functions. According to the evaluation method for the leisure and recreation functions of the green open space of the community life circle, supply-demand ratio and supply-demand coupling evaluation is carried out on the leisure and recreation functions of the green open space of the community from three levels of recreation travel, recreation space and recreation facilities around six indexes based on a supply-demand theory framework; and a reference is provided for improving the spatial layout validity and optimizing the quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of urban built environment evaluation, and in particular to an evaluation method for the leisure and recreation function of green open space in a community living circle. Background Art

[0002] The 15-minute community living circle is the basic unit of urban community life, that is, within a 15-minute walking distance, it is equipped with basic service functions and public spaces required for life, forming a safe, convenient and comfortable social basic life platform. Community green open space refers to urban green space and outdoor public activity venues within the community's "15-minute living circle" that meet the various needs of residents for leisure, recreation, sports, health and fitness, cultural entertainment, children's games, etc., including community parks, community sports parks, pocket parks, community slow-moving spaces and other types.

[0003] Ecosystem-cultural services are a type of service that directly affects human well-being. They provide important functions such as leisure and recreation, aesthetic value, education and popular science, spiritual satisfaction and a sense of belonging, and improve the living environment and health and well-being of urban residents. Community green open spaces are important spatial carriers of leisure and recreation functions in ecosystem-cultural services, providing residents with an environment for leisure and relaxation, and providing a place for communication and interaction between residents.

[0004] The supply and demand theory of ecosystem services explains how green open space is transformed into residents' well-being and provides benefits from the perspectives of supply and demand. It is an important service function evaluation tool. The recreation function can be evaluated from the perspectives of space supply and use demand. The models and methods such as supply and demand coupling coordination degree and supply and demand ratio can be used to evaluate the recreation function from the perspectives of space supply and use demand. Among them, the evaluation of space supply includes the measurement of space opportunities and space conditions. Space opportunities emphasize potential services, which are generally quantified by space accessibility and space quantity; while space conditions emphasize the quality of available space, the attractiveness of landscape and facilities, the perceived green volume, thermal comfort, etc. Since socioeconomic factors affect residents' demand for space resources, population size is usually used to represent the objective demand for space and the intensity of use; cognition and views are generally used to represent subjective needs, which are manifested in residents' cognition, behavior patterns, and internal views.

[0005] In terms of the research objects of leisure and recreation evaluation, current research is mainly focused on urban parks and green spaces, and there are few systematic evaluation studies on such functions in communities; in terms of the evaluation methods of leisure and recreation functions, most of them are focused on the accessibility, performance, and distribution fairness of park green spaces, and there are few evaluations of leisure and recreation functions from the perspective of supply and demand evaluation. For this reason, we have invented a new evaluation method for the leisure and recreation functions of green open spaces in community living circles. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an evaluation method for the leisure and recreation function of green open spaces in community living circles, which can compare the supply and demand and evaluate the leisure and recreation function of community green open spaces, and provide a reference for improving the validity of spatial layout and optimizing quality.

[0007] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical measures: a method for evaluating the leisure and recreation function of green open space in a community living circle, the method for evaluating the leisure and recreation function of green open space in a community living circle comprises:

[0008] Step 1: Collect multi-source data, including behavioral activity data and ecological and built environment data;

[0009] Step 2, identifying the leisure and recreation functions;

[0010] Step 3: Conduct a classified assessment of the supply and demand of leisure and recreation functions, and evaluate them from the three functional levels of recreation space, recreation travel, and recreation facilities to obtain the assessment results;

[0011] Step 4: Conduct an overall evaluation of the supply and demand relationship of leisure and recreation functions, derive the spatial distribution characteristics, and form an evaluation method for leisure and recreation functions.

[0012] The purpose of the present invention can also be achieved by the following technical measures:

[0013] In step 1, behavioral activity data include behavioral activity trajectories, distribution, and residents' subjective preferences and opinions; ecological and built environment data include land cover, land use type, environmental form and quality; behavioral activity trajectories, distribution, and residents' subjective preferences and opinions are used to represent the demand for the use of leisure and recreation functions, and land cover, land use type, environmental form and quality are used to represent the space supply of leisure and recreation functions.

[0014] In step 2, the identification of leisure and recreation functions includes identifying the corridor space of community slow-moving space and the patch space of pocket parks, community parks, and comprehensive parks on the supply side of leisure and recreation space, integrating the number, area, quality, and facility type of space as supply representations, and identifying the diverse usage needs at objective and subjective levels such as recreational travel, population distribution, and cognitive preferences on the demand side of leisure and recreation functions.

[0015] In step 2, the identification of the supply of recreational and leisure functional spaces includes:

[0016] (2a) Identify park green space patches; cluster them according to patch area and land use type and divide them into three types of green open spaces with different functions, including comprehensive parks, community parks, and pocket parks; extract the centroid of pocket parks, and select the entrances and exits of community parks and comprehensive parks according to POI as supply points;

[0017] (2b) Identify the types and distribution of recreational facilities within park green space patches; the types and distribution of recreational facilities are obtained through field surveys of various recreational facilities in park green space, including activity venues, barrier-free facilities, trails, courts, leisure seats, fitness equipment, entertainment equipment, and public toilets. According to the park green space design specifications, the types of facilities are divided into four categories: sports, leisure, service, and culture; POI is combined to assist in identifying the distribution of public service facilities in park green space and its internal distribution;

[0018] (2c) Identification of community slow-moving spaces and their elements. The identification of community slow-moving space elements combines high-precision remote sensing interpretation and Baidu Street View data. The tree coverage rate is obtained by identifying the proportion of trees in the analysis unit. The street view green view rate is obtained by setting street view sampling points at regular intervals on the road. The merged images are passed through the InternImage deep learning model to identify the view area proportion of green elements such as trees and vegetation in street view images.

[0019]

[0020] GV i V is the percentage of tree view in the four directions of the Baidu Street View sampling point above, below, left, and right of the i-th slow-moving space; i is the total number of pixels in the image.

[0021] In step 2, the identification of recreational function use needs includes:

[0022] (21) Identify the community population distribution; the identification of community population distribution is divided into two aspects: static distribution and dynamic distribution. In the identification of the static distribution of the residential population, first, the residential population distribution is corrected based on the population statistics of the communities under the jurisdiction of the street, the building area of ​​the residential area, and the number of building floors, and the granularity of the population demand data is increased to the building scale; second, the entrances and exits of the residential area are identified to improve the accuracy of the calculation results of the accessibility of the green open space; finally, the total population of each residential area is evenly distributed to each entrance and exit according to the number of entrances and exits, and the number of entrance and exit population demand is obtained.

[0023]

[0024] Where, RD i is the residential building population density of the ith community, P i is the total population of the ith community, A ij is the floor area of ​​the jth residential building in the ith community, and n is the total number of residential buildings in the ith community;

[0025]

[0026] Where, RD ik A is the number of people corresponding to each entrance and exit of the residential area k, k is the total building area of ​​the kth residential area, E ik is the number of entrances and exits of residential area k;

[0027] In terms of identifying the dynamic distribution of the population, Baidu API is used to obtain the cumulative number of people and their distribution in the park green space.

[0028]

[0029] Where: AD k is the active population density of the kth analysis unit area, people / m 2 , n is the number of pixels in the analysis unit, S i is the population in the ith pixel, R i is the total area of ​​the pixel;

[0030] (22) Identify recreational travel characteristics;

[0031] The identification of recreational travel characteristics is obtained by using two methods: walking path planning based on residential areas and park green spaces and counting the number of people based on Keepapp movement trajectories. First, the 15-minute walking path planning of residential areas and park green spaces is used to obtain the number of people using different paths, which is extracted based on OSM data. Roads of different levels are identified based on ArcGIS road network analysis. The 15-minute walking connection paths between the entrances and exits of each residential area and the entrances and exits of community parks and comprehensive parks are spatially connected with the existing road network to obtain the population density of the paths used for recreational travel.

[0032]

[0033] In the formula, gwd kp is the population density of the path from the entrance and exit of the residential area k to the park green space, person / m, RD ik is the number of people corresponding to the entrance and exit of the residential area k, L kp is the length of the path, m;

[0034] Based on the Keep app platform, we captured the walking and running trajectories including the number of people checking in, established spatial connections with the existing road network, and obtained the population density of the trajectories.

[0035]

[0036] In the formula, gwd ka is the population density of the keep movement trajectory (person / m), P keep is the number of people in the motion trajectory, L keep is the trajectory length (m);

[0037] (23) Conduct cognitive and preference profile identification;

[0038] Through a satisfaction questionnaire using the Likert scale, we learned about residents’ satisfaction with green open space facilities, and obtained residents’ satisfaction scores for a total of six facilities, including recreational facilities and sports facilities in pocket parks on the streets, and recreational facilities, sports facilities, cultural facilities and service facilities in community and comprehensive parks.

[0039] In step 3, based on the identification of supply and demand characteristics, and based on the characteristics of the supply and use demand of recreational space, the three functional levels of recreational space, recreational travel, and recreational facilities in the green open space of the 15-minute living circle of the community are respectively proposed to evaluate the supply and demand sides and obtain the evaluation results;

[0040] The supply and demand assessment selects quantitative indicators that are in line with the supply and use needs of space. The supply and demand of recreational space uses the park carrying capacity as the supply of recreational space, and the park service pressure as the demand for recreational space; the supply and demand of recreational travel uses the comfort of tree-shaded areas as the supply of recreational travel, and the intensity of slow-moving space use as the demand for recreational travel; the supply and demand of recreational facilities uses the weight and number of recreational facilities as the supply rate of recreational facilities, and the importance-satisfaction of recreational facilities as the demand index for recreational facilities. Six indicators are used to evaluate the leisure and recreation functions from the supply and demand indicators of space, travel, and facilities.

[0041] Step 3 specifically includes:

[0042] Step 31, conducting a supply and demand assessment of recreational space functions, including recreational space supply and recreational space demand;

[0043] Combined with field research, based on road network data and park green space distribution, the carrying capacity of pocket parks, community parks, and comprehensive parks within a 15-minute living circle is calculated as a recreational space supply assessment, and the recreational space supply RSS is calculated. i The calculation formula is as follows,

[0044]

[0045] In the formula, RSS j is the carrying capacity of each park green space j; is the green area of ​​the i-th park that carries activities; A gu is the per capita green space activity area; is the non-green area of ​​the i-th park that carries activities; Non-green space activity area per capita; is the daily opening hours of the i-th park; is the average activity time of visitors in each park;

[0046] The recreation service space demand (RSD) is assessed by calculating the number of people served by pocket parks within a 5-minute walk, community parks, and comprehensive parks within a 15-minute walk based on road network data. j , the calculation formula for recreational space demand based on park service pressure is as follows:

[0047]

[0048] In the formula, RSD j is the total service demand of each park green space j; D ik is the number of permanent residents corresponding to each residential area entrance and exit k; d kj is the road network distance between the residential entrance k and the community park and comprehensive park j. Unit k needs to be within a 5-minute walking distance from a pocket park and a 15-minute walking distance from a community park and comprehensive park, that is, d kj ≤d0;G(d ij ) is the Gaussian attenuation function considering spatial friction[1], and its specific form can be expressed as:

[0049]

[0050] Step 32, conducting an assessment of the supply and demand of recreational travel functions, including recreational travel supply and recreational travel demand;

[0051] Using the tree coverage rate and green view rate scoring coefficients in the road analysis unit, the equal weight method was selected from the two dimensions of plane distribution and pedestrian perspective to evaluate the shade comfort of the community slow-moving space. i The calculation formula is as follows:

[0052] WCI i =GA i ×S(GV i ) (10)

[0053]

[0054] Where, WCI i is the recreational travel comfort of the i-th road, GA i is the ratio of green pixel area in the buffer zone of the i-th road to the total area; studies have shown that 25% is the comfortable threshold for street view green vision, and 35% is the best green vision rate. Based on this principle, the green vision rate is assigned a score of 1-5 and the value is standardized. S(GV i ) is the standardized green viewing rate coefficient of the i-th slow-moving space;

[0055] The use intensity of community slow-moving space, which is composed of the number of people using the paths in residential areas and park green spaces and the number of people using the Keep app’s movement trajectories, is used to assess the demand for recreational travel. The intensity of recreational travel demand WUI j The calculation formula is as follows:

[0056]

[0057] Where WUI j is the slow-moving space usage intensity of road analysis unit j, gwd kp is the population density of the path from the entrance and exit of the residential area k to the park green space, person / m, gwd ka is the population density of the keep movement trajectory, person / m, and the total population density of the activities of a total of k paths or trajectories is summed up, l ij is the length of the road analysis unit, m;

[0058] Step 33, conducting a supply and demand assessment of recreational facility functions, including recreational facility supply and recreational facility demand;

[0059] The recreational facility supply rate is determined by the analytic hierarchy process to determine the recreational facility weights of various types of parks in the community. The recreational facility supply rate is obtained by combining the weights of park type facilities and the number of facilities;

[0060] Row i represents the park type, corresponding to pocket parks, community parks, and comprehensive parks; column j represents the facility type, corresponding to sports facilities, recreational facilities, cultural facilities, and service facilities;

[0061]

[0062] The facility weight matrix W represents the weights of different types of parks for different facilities; W ij represents the importance weight of the j-th type of facility to the i-th type of park,

[0063]

[0064] In the formula, RFS k is the facility supply rate of park k, F ij is the number of facilities of the jth type in the i-th park, Wij is the importance weight of the i-th park to the j-th facility, obtained from the weight matrix W, and Cij is the demand of the i-th park for the j-th facility, obtained based on the condition matrix C;

[0065] IPA is used to calculate the recreational facility demand index. The population aggregation characteristics based on Baidu Heat are used to represent the degree of importance, and the resident satisfaction is used to represent the degree of performance. The difference between the two constitutes the recreational facility demand index RFD of various parks. k , the specific calculation method is as follows,

[0066] RFD k =IAD k -RSI k (15)

[0067] Where, RFD k IAD is the recreational facility demand index. k represents the active population density AD of the i-th park based on Baidu Heat k The importance of the index is assigned using the natural interruption method; RSI k It represents the comprehensive satisfaction of residents with the recreational facilities of the kth park. The difference between the importance and satisfaction levels can form four types of demand index classification as shown in the following table.

[0068] In step 4, the overall evaluation of the supply and demand relationship of leisure and recreation functions is carried out through the supply and demand evaluation matrix and the supply and demand ratio to obtain the differences in leisure and recreation functions of different space types, and to obtain the spatial distribution characteristics, thus forming an evaluation method for leisure and recreation functions.

[0069] Step 4 specifically includes:

[0070] Step 41, conduct a functional analysis based on the coupling evaluation matrix, construct a recreation function supply and demand coupling evaluation matrix, and obtain the evaluation coupling results of the three functions of recreation travel, recreation space and recreation facilities, as well as the supply and demand coupling evaluation results of different space types and specific samples through the supply and demand coupling evaluation of various recreation functions of community green open space leisure;

[0071] Step 42, conduct a functional level evaluation based on the supply-demand ratio model; refer to the ecosystem service supply-demand ratio model to quantify the relationship between the supply and demand of recreational functions, and use the supply-demand ratio results to visualize the spatial distribution; the supply-demand ratio is used to reflect the balance between the actual supply of recreational functions and residents' demand in a specific area, which may be expressed as a surplus or deficit; it can be used to reveal the supply and demand matching of recreational service functions in the study area, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0072]

[0073] Where: R LSD is the supply-demand ratio of recreational functions; S is the function supply; D is the function demand; S max The maximum value provided by the function; D max is the maximum value of the functional requirement; if R LSD >0, it means that supply exceeds demand, and there is a supply surplus; when R LSD =0, it indicates supply and demand balance; if R LSD <0, it means that supply exceeds demand, and there is a supply-demand deficit.

[0074] In step 41, firstly, on the basis of functional evaluation, a supply-demand coupling evaluation matrix of leisure and recreation functions of green open spaces around the community scale is established to form evaluation results representing different quadrants, thereby helping to understand the coupling coordination status of supply and demand; since the units and dimensions of supply and demand of leisure and recreation functions in different dimensions are different, the first step of the supply-demand coupling evaluation is to standardize the supply and demand evaluation data of different functions; secondly, a horizontal and vertical coordinate with a value of 0-1 is constructed according to the standardized supply and demand values ​​of recreation functions to form a coupling evaluation matrix; finally, the supply and demand evaluation results are distributed in a matrix to obtain the coupling relationship of supply and demand; according to the coupling status represented by the four quadrants, it can be divided into a coupling disorder zone of low supply and high demand, a coupling adaptation zone of high supply and high demand, a coupling hysteresis zone of low supply and low demand, and a coupling coordination zone of high supply and low demand;

[0075] For adaptation, it means that the supply of such functions is sufficient, while the residents' demand level is high, which is specifically manifested in high importance or low satisfaction; for coordination, it means that community residents have low demand for such functions, which is specifically manifested in low importance of the functions, or high satisfaction of residents with such functions; for disharmony, it means that the supply level of such functions is low, while the residents' demand level is high, indicating that the demand for such functions is not met; for lag, it means that the supply level of such functions is low, while the residents' demand level is also low. The reason may be that the importance is reduced due to the small population density of surrounding residents or the small number of active people.

[0076] The evaluation method of the leisure and recreation function of the green open space in the community living circle in the present invention involves the field of built environment supply and leisure and recreation demand evaluation. Based on the supply and demand theory framework, it compares and evaluates the leisure and recreation function of the green open space in the community from the three levels of recreation space, recreation travel, and recreation facilities, focusing on the supply of recreation space, the demand for recreation space, the supply of recreation travel, the intensity of recreation travel demand, the supply rate of recreation facilities, and the demand index of recreation facilities. A total of 6 indicators are used to compare and evaluate the supply and demand of the leisure and recreation function of the green open space in the community, providing a reference for improving the effectiveness of spatial layout and optimizing quality. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0077] 1. Identification of the supply and demand characteristics of leisure and recreation functions: sorting out the supply elements of various community green open spaces with obvious fragmentation characteristics and the diverse types of residents' needs, and further refining the identification method of the leisure and recreation functions of green open spaces in the 15-minute living circle of the community;

[0078] 2. Classification and evaluation of the supply and demand of recreational functions were conducted: Based on the identification of supply and demand characteristics, indicators were calculated for the supply and demand sides from the three functional levels of recreational space, recreational travel, and recreational facilities, and the evaluation results were obtained. This broke through the scale and accuracy of the previous evaluation of green open space ecosystem service functions and innovated the function evaluation calculation method based on supply and demand;

[0079] 3. An overall evaluation of the supply and demand relationship of leisure and recreation functions was conducted: Based on the evaluation dimensions of different types of patches and corridor spaces, the supply and demand relationship was divided into types and spatially distributed using the supply and demand evaluation matrix and the supply and demand ratio. A comprehensive evaluation method suitable for the leisure and recreation functions of green open spaces in the 15-minute living circle of the community was derived, providing a quantitative analysis method path for its updating and promoting the orderly upgrading of community green open spaces. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0080] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a specific embodiment of a method for evaluating the leisure and recreation function of a green open space in a community living circle of the present invention;

[0081] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the distribution of park green space and its entrances and exits in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0082] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the distribution of recreational facilities in a park green patch in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0083] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the distribution of community slow-moving spaces and identification of their elements in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0084] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of community population spatial distribution identification, population dynamic distribution identification and a method thereof in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0085] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the distribution of community recreational travel in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0086] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the satisfaction of various communities in different streets with various facilities in different parks in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0087] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the evaluation results of recreational space function supply and demand in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0088] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the supply and demand evaluation results of recreational travel functions in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0089] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of a recreational facility function supply evaluation result and a demand evaluation result in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0090] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of a recreational function supply-demand coupling evaluation matrix in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0091] Fig.12It is a schematic diagram of the recreation function supply and demand coupling evaluation matrix result in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0092] Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the evaluation result of the supply-demand ratio of recreational functions in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0093] Fig.14 It is a schematic diagram of the distribution of recreation function supply-demand ratio evaluation results in a specific embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0094] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and are intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0095] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations and / or combinations thereof.

[0096] like Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for evaluating the leisure and recreation function of a green open space in a community living circle of the present invention. The method for evaluating the leisure and recreation function of a green open space in a community living circle includes:

[0097] Step 1: Collect multi-source data, including behavioral activity data and ecological and built environment data. Behavioral activity data include the trajectory, distribution and subjective preferences / opinions of residents. Built environment data include land cover, land use type, environmental form and quality.

[0098] Behavioral activity trajectories, distribution and residents' subjective preferences / opinions are used to characterize the demand for the use of leisure and recreation functions, and land cover, land use type, environmental form and quality are used to characterize the supply of leisure and recreation function space.

[0099] Step 2: Identify the leisure and recreation functions.

[0100] Functional identification includes identifying the corridor space of community slow-moving space and the patch space of pocket parks, community parks, and comprehensive parks on the space supply side, integrating the quantity, area, quality, and facility type of space as supply representations, and identifying the diverse usage needs at objective and subjective levels such as recreational travel, population distribution, and cognitive preferences on the demand side.

[0101] Step 3: Conduct leisure and recreation function assessment.

[0102] Supply and demand assessment selects quantitative indicators that meet the supply and use needs of space. The supply and demand of recreational space utilizes the carrying capacity and service number of green open space, the supply and demand of recreational travel utilizes the comfort level and usage intensity of slow-moving space shade trees, and the supply and demand of recreational facilities utilizes the supply rate of recreational facilities and the facility demand index. The leisure and recreation functions are evaluated from the supply and demand indicators of space, travel, and facilities.

[0103] Step 4: Evaluate the leisure and recreation functions.

[0104] The supply and demand evaluation uses the supply and demand evaluation matrix and the supply and demand ratio to derive the differences in leisure and recreation functions of different space types, and derive the spatial distribution characteristics, forming an evaluation method for leisure and recreation functions, and further providing scientific support for the renewal strategies that urgently need to improve functions.

[0105] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, a method for evaluating the leisure and recreation function of the green open space in the community living circle of Xiangshan Street in Xiangshan District, Guilin City specifically includes:

[0106] Step 1. Identification of supply and demand characteristics of leisure and recreation functions

[0107] 1.1 Multi-source data collection

[0108] Table 1. Research data and sources

[0109]

[0110] 1.2 Identification of the supply of recreational and leisure functional spaces

[0111] (1) Park green space patch identification

[0112] Based on the functional classification and spatial scale division of green open space in the "Guidelines for the Classification of Land and Sea Use in National Space", "Classification of Urban Green Space Systems" and "Guidelines for Community Green Open Space", a total of 24 patches, including park green space, squares, tree and shrub woodlands, and tidal flats, were identified through land classification data. By obtaining the Guilin Central Urban Area Control Detailed Plan (2017-2035) and remote sensing satellite images and field survey results, a total of 45 park green space patches in actual use were obtained (Table 2). According to the patch area and land use type, they were clustered into four types of green open space with different functions, including comprehensive parks, community parks, and pocket parks (including activity squares and residential attached green spaces). Among them, the centroid of pocket parks was extracted, and the entrances and exits of community parks and comprehensive parks were selected according to the points of interest (POI) as supply points ( Figure 2 ).

[0113] Table 2. Park green space patch types and overview

[0114]

[0115] (2) Types and distribution of recreational facilities within park green space patches

[0116] The types and distribution of recreational facilities were identified through field surveys of various recreational facilities in park green spaces. The facilities include activity venues, barrier-free facilities, trails, courts, leisure seats, fitness equipment, entertainment equipment, public toilets, etc. According to the park green space design specifications, the facility types are divided into four types: sports, leisure, service and culture (Table 3). POI was used to assist in the identification of the distribution of public service facilities in park green spaces and their internal distribution. In combination with the Erbu Road app, 45 park green space patches in Xiangshan Street were visited, and the distribution and types of recreational facilities in park green space patches were obtained by combining the two data ( Figure 3 ).

[0117] Table 3. Types and overview of recreational facilities in park green space patches

[0118]

[0119] (3) Identification of community slow-moving spaces and their elements

[0120] The identification of community slow-moving spaces is based on the road network data of the OpenStreetMap (OSM) updated in 2024. The road segments are divided into sections less than or equal to 25 meters as analysis units, and buffers are set based on different levels of roads to identify the elements. The buffer distance is 50m for main streets, 20m for secondary streets, 15m for branch roads I, and 10m for branch roads II (Table 4).

[0121] Table 4. Types and overview of community slow-moving spaces

[0122]

[0123]

[0124] The identification of slow-moving space elements in the community is based on a combination of high-precision remote sensing interpretation and Baidu Street View data. The tree coverage rate is obtained by identifying the proportion of trees in the analysis unit. The street view greening rate is determined by setting street view sampling points every 25 meters on the road, capturing street view images of 735 points in total. The merged images are then passed through the InternImage deep learning model to identify the view area proportion of green elements such as trees and vegetation in the street view images.

[0125]

[0126] GV iV is the percentage of tree view in the four directions of the Baidu Street View sampling point above, below, left, and right of the i-th slow-moving space; i is the total number of pixels in the image.

[0127] like Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 a is a schematic diagram of the distribution of community slow-moving space types and their element identification; Figure 4 b is a schematic diagram of the identification of the tree-shaded coverage rate of the community slow-moving space; Figure 4 c is a schematic diagram of the green view rate identification of community slow-moving space; Figure 4 d is a schematic diagram of the green view rate identification method for community slow-moving spaces.

[0128] 1.3 Identification of demand for leisure and recreation functions

[0129] (1) Identification of community population distribution

[0130] The identification of community population distribution is divided into two aspects: static distribution and dynamic distribution. In terms of the identification of the static distribution of the residential population, firstly, the distribution of the residential population is corrected based on the population statistics of the communities under the jurisdiction of the street, the building area of ​​the residential area, and the number of building floors, and the granularity of the population demand data is increased to the building scale (Table 5); secondly, the entrances and exits of the residential area are identified to improve the accuracy of the calculation results of the accessibility of the green open space; finally, the total population of each residential area is evenly distributed to each entrance and exit according to the number of entrances and exits, and the number of entrance and exit population demand is obtained, such as Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 a is a schematic diagram of the spatial distribution identification of community population. Figure 5 The four figures in b are schematic diagrams of community population dynamic distribution identification and its methods.

[0131]

[0132] Where, RD i is the residential building population density of the ith community, P i is the total population of the ith community, A ij is the floor area of ​​the jth residential building in the ith community, and n is the total number of residential buildings in the ith community.

[0133]

[0134] Where, RD ik A is the number of people corresponding to each entrance and exit of the residential area k, k is the total building area of ​​the kth residential area, E ik is the number of entrances and exits of residential area k.

[0135] After calculation, a total of 40 residential areas and 1,470 residential buildings were identified in Xiangshan Street. Based on the population census and community survey, the population density of each residential building was obtained according to the building area and the number of community population as shown in (Table 5). According to Baidu Maps, a total of 87 entrances and exits of the residential area in Xiangshan Street were obtained through manual crawling. The population number of each entrance and exit was obtained in summary ( Figure 5 a).

[0136] Table 5. Community demographics

[0137]

[0138] In terms of identifying the dynamic distribution of population, Baidu heat map is an open source data that can dynamically reflect the characteristics of urban population aggregation, which can make up for the lack of timeliness and dynamism of traditional population data. Using Baidu's Application Programming Interface (API), we obtained the cumulative number of people and their distribution in the park green space of Xiangshan Street from 6:00 am to 11:00 pm every day from October 11 to October 18 ( Figure 5 b).

[0139]

[0140] Where: AD k is the active population density (people / m 2 ), n is the number of pixels in the analysis unit, S i is the population in the ith pixel, R i is the total pixel area.

[0141] (2) Identification of recreational travel characteristics

[0142] The identification of recreational travel characteristics is obtained by using two methods: walking path planning based on residential areas and park green spaces and counting the number of people based on the Keepapp movement trajectory, such as Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 a is a schematic diagram of walking path planning based on residential areas and park green spaces. Figure 6 b is a schematic diagram of the number of people based on the movement trajectory of the Keep app. First, the 15-minute walking path planning of residential areas and park green spaces was used to obtain the number of people using different paths. A total of 838 roads of different levels in Xiangshan Street were extracted based on OSM data. A total of 1,843 15-minute walking connection paths between the entrances and exits of various residential areas and the entrances and exits of community parks and comprehensive parks were identified through road network analysis in ArcGIS10.8. Spatial connections were established with the existing road network to obtain the population density of paths used for recreational travel.

[0143]

[0144] In the formula, gwd kp is the population density (person / m) along the path from the entrance and exit of the residential area k to the park green space, RD ik is the number of people corresponding to the entrance and exit of the residential area k, L kp is the length of the path (m).

[0145] Based on the Keep app platform, a total of 395 walking and running trajectories with number of check-ins were captured, and spatial connections were established with the existing road network to obtain the population density of the movement trajectories.

[0146]

[0147] In the formula, gwd ka is the population density of the keep movement trajectory (person / m), P keep is the number of people in the motion trajectory, L keep is the trajectory length (m).

[0148] (3) Identification of cognitive and preference characteristics

[0149] The satisfaction of residents in Xiangshan Street with green open space facilities was investigated through a Likert scale satisfaction questionnaire. A total of 198 survey questionnaires were distributed to 7 communities in Xiangshan Street, and 183 valid questionnaires were collected (Table 6). The residents' satisfaction scores for the recreational facilities and sports facilities in pocket parks in the streets, as well as the recreational facilities, sports facilities, cultural facilities and service facilities in community and comprehensive parks, a total of 6 facilities, were obtained (Table 8. Figure 7 ). Using SPSS statistical software to conduct a reliability test of the Cronbach coefficient α on the questionnaire results, it was found that the α coefficients of residents' satisfaction with pocket park facilities and community / comprehensive park facilities were 0.993 and 0.893, respectively, and the results were highly reliable (Table 7).

[0150] Table 6. Descriptive statistics of satisfaction survey questionnaires for each community in the subdistrict

[0151]

[0152] Table 7. Reliability test of satisfaction survey

[0153]

[0154] Table 8. Satisfaction with various facilities in different parks

[0155]

[0156] Step 2. Classification and assessment of supply and demand of recreational functions

[0157] On the basis of identifying supply and demand characteristics, and based on the characteristics of supply and use demand of leisure and recreation space, this paper puts forward targeted evaluation indicators and calculation formulas for the three functional levels of "recreation space", "recreation travel" and "recreation facilities" for leisure and recreation in the green open space of the community's fifteen-minute living circle, and obtains the evaluation results.

[0158] 2.1 Supply and demand assessment of recreational space functions

[0159] Xiangshan Subdistrict in Guilin is mainly composed of old communities. Comprehensive and community parks such as Xiangshan Park and Sun and Moon Twin Pagoda Park are distributed in the north and middle sections. Only in the residential areas newly built after the 1990s in the south section are there pocket parks. The per capita green space for leisure and recreation is 5.2m 2 / person, but the distribution of different types of leisure and recreation spaces is uneven. Based on the following recreation space supply and demand calculation, the supply and demand assessment results of Xiangshan Street recreation space are obtained, such as Figure 8 As shown, Figure 8 a is a schematic diagram of the evaluation results of recreational space function supply. Figure 8 b is a schematic diagram of the functional demand assessment results of recreational space. The specific supply and demand assessment calculation method is as follows:

[0160] (1) Recreational space supply

[0161] This paper combines field research with road network data and park green space distribution to calculate the carrying capacity of 45 pocket parks, community parks, and comprehensive parks within a 15-minute living circle as a recreational space supply assessment. The recreational space supply RSS j The calculation formula is as follows,

[0162]

[0163] In the formula, RSS j is the carrying capacity of each park green space j; is the green area of ​​the i-th park that carries activities; A gu is the per capita green space activity area; is the non-green area of ​​the i-th park that carries activities; Non-green space activity area per capita; is the daily opening hours of the i-th park; The average activity time of visitors in each park. Among them, the area of ​​green space and non-green space (park paths, squares) is obtained by high-precision remote sensing interpretation. Referring to the "Guilin Land Space Master Plan (2021-2035)", the per capita green space area in the central urban area is taken as 10m per person. 2 As a measurement standard, the per capita non-green area in the central urban area is 4.42m 2As a measurement standard, the average stay time in comprehensive parks is 2 hours, and the actual activity time in the park is 12 hours. The average stay time in pocket parks is 1 hour, and the actual activity time is 18 hours.

[0164] (2) Demand for recreational space

[0165] The present invention uses the road network data to calculate the population served by pocket parks within a 5-minute walk, community parks and comprehensive parks within a 15-minute walk to assess the recreational service space demand (RSD). j ). The formula for calculating the demand for recreational space based on park service pressure is as follows:

[0166]

[0167] In the formula, RSD j is the total service demand of each park green space j; D ik is the number of permanent residents corresponding to each residential area entrance and exit k; d kj is the road network distance between the residential entrance k and the community park and comprehensive park j (for parks with multiple entrances and exits, the road network distance from the demand unit to the nearest park entrance is selected). Unit k must be within a 5-minute (400 m) walking distance from a pocket park and a 15-minute walking distance (1200 m) from a community park and comprehensive park (i.e., d kj ≤d0); G(d ij ) is the Gaussian attenuation function considering spatial friction[1], and its specific form can be expressed as:

[0168]

[0169] 2.2 Assessment of supply and demand of recreational travel functions

[0170] In terms of road grade and traffic flow in Xiangshan Street, Guilin, Zhongshan Middle Road and Shanghai Road are main roads, Nanhuan Road-Xinyi Road are secondary roads, and the rest are branch roads. The section from Minzhu Road to Wenming Road is close to Xiangshan Park and Sun Moon Twin Pagoda Park, so the traffic volume is large. Overall, the tree-lined coverage rate of branch roads is better than that of main roads. Based on the following calculation of recreational travel supply and demand, the evaluation results of recreational travel supply and demand in Xiangshan Street are obtained, as follows: Fig. 9 As shown, Fig. 9 a is a schematic diagram of the evaluation results of recreational travel functions. Fig. 9 b is a schematic diagram of the evaluation results of recreational travel function demand. The specific supply and demand evaluation calculation method is as follows:

[0171] (1) Recreational travel supply

[0172] The present invention uses the tree coverage rate and green view rate scoring coefficient in the road analysis unit, and selects an equal weight method from the two dimensions of plane distribution and pedestrian perspective to evaluate the shade comfort of the community slow-moving space. i The calculation formula is as follows:

[0173] WCI i =GA i ×S(GV i ) (10)

[0174]

[0175] Where, WCI i is the recreational travel comfort of the i-th road, GA i is the ratio of green pixel area in the buffer zone of the i-th road to the total area; studies have shown that 25% is the comfortable threshold for street view green vision, and 35% is the best green vision rate. Based on this principle, the green vision rate is assigned a score of 1-5 and the value is standardized. S(GV i ) is the standardized green viewing rate coefficient of the i-th slow-moving space.

[0176] (2) Demand for recreational travel

[0177] The present invention uses the number of people using the paths in residential areas and park green spaces and the number of people using the movement tracks of the Keep app to jointly constitute the use intensity of the community slow-moving space to evaluate the demand for recreational travel. The recreational travel demand intensity WUI j The calculation formula is as follows:

[0178]

[0179] Where WUI j is the slow-moving space usage intensity of road analysis unit j, gwd kp is the population density (person / m) of the path from the entrance and exit of the residential area k to the park green space, gwd ka is the population density of the keep movement trajectory (people / m), and the total population density of activities in a total of k paths or trajectories is summed up, l ij is the length of the road analysis unit (m).

[0180] 2.3 Supply and demand assessment of recreational facilities

[0181] The recreational facilities in the parks and green spaces of Xiangshan Subdistrict in Guilin are mainly concentrated in comprehensive and community parks such as Xiangshan Scenic Area, Sun and Moon Twin Pagoda Park, and Taohuajiang Park. As for pocket parks and community parks, only the South Gate Park of Xiangshan Scenic Area, Anxin Community Green Space, and Anjiazhou Community have fitness-type recreational facilities. Most of the other pocket parks have resting benches as the main facility type. The overall satisfaction of residents with the facilities is low. Based on the following recreational facility supply and demand calculation, the supply and demand evaluation results of recreational facilities in Xiangshan Subdistrict are obtained, such as Fig.10 As shown, Fig.10 a is a schematic diagram of the evaluation results of recreational facilities function supply; Fig.10 b is a schematic diagram of the functional demand assessment results of recreational facilities. The specific supply and demand assessment calculation method is as follows:

[0182] (1) Supply of recreational facilities

[0183] According to the requirements of the "Park Design Code" GB 51192-2016 for recreational facilities in parks of different sizes, pocket parks need to include recreational facilities and sports facilities, and community parks and comprehensive parks larger than 2 hectares need to include recreational, sports, service and cultural facilities. The recreational facility supply rate is determined by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine the recreational facility weights of various types of parks in the community. The recreational facility supply rate is obtained by combining the weights of park type facilities and the number of facilities.

[0184] Row i represents the park type, corresponding to pocket parks, community parks, and comprehensive parks. Column j represents the facility type, corresponding to sports facilities, recreational facilities, cultural facilities, and service facilities.

[0185]

[0186] The facility weight matrix W represents the weights of different types of parks for different facilities. ij Represents the importance weight of the j-th type of facility to the i-th type of park.

[0187]

[0188] In the formula, RFS k is the facility supply rate of park k, F ij is the number of facilities of the jth type in the i-th park, Wij is the importance weight of the i-th park to the j-th facility (obtained from the weight matrix W), and Cij is the demand of the i-th park for the j-th facility (based on the condition matrix C).

[0189] (2) Demand for recreational facilities

[0190] IPA (Importance-Performance Analysis) is used to calculate the recreational facility demand index. The population aggregation characteristics based on Baidu Heat are used to represent the degree of importance, and the resident satisfaction is used to represent the degree of performance. The difference between the two constitutes the recreational facility demand index RFD of various parks. k , the specific calculation method is as follows,

[0191] RFD k =IAD k -RSI k (15)

[0192] Where, RFD k IAD is the recreational facility demand index. k represents the active population density AD of the i-th park based on Baidu Heat k The importance of the index is scored using the natural discontinuity method (1-5 points); RSI k It represents the comprehensive satisfaction of residents with the recreational facilities of the kth park (1-5 points). The difference between the importance and satisfaction levels can form four types of demand index classification as shown in the following table.

[0193] Table 9. Demand index for various types of facilities in different parks

[0194]

[0195] Step 3. Overall evaluation of the supply and demand relationship of leisure and recreation functions

[0196] 3.1 Functional analysis based on coupling evaluation matrix

[0197] (1) Construction of the evaluation matrix for the coupling of recreational function supply and demand

[0198] The present invention first establishes a supply and demand coupling evaluation matrix of the leisure and recreation functions of green open spaces around the community scale on the basis of functional evaluation, and forms evaluation results representing different quadrants, which helps to understand the coupling and coordination status of supply and demand. Since the units and dimensions of supply and demand of leisure and recreation functions in different dimensions are different, the first step of the supply and demand coupling evaluation is to standardize the supply and demand evaluation data of different functions; secondly, the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the values ​​(0-1) are constructed according to the standardized recreation function supply and demand values ​​to form a coupling evaluation matrix; finally, the supply and demand evaluation results are distributed in a matrix to obtain the supply and demand coupling relationship. According to the coupling status represented by the four quadrants, it can be divided into a coupling imbalance zone of low supply and high demand, a coupling adaptation zone of high supply and high demand, a coupling lag zone of low supply and low demand, and a coupling coordination zone of high supply and low demand (Table 10, Fig.11 ).

[0199] Table 10. Demand index for various types of facilities in different parks

[0200]

[0201] For adaptation, it means that the supply of such functions is sufficient, while the residents' demand level is high, which is specifically manifested in high importance or low satisfaction; for coordination, it means that community residents have low demand for such functions, which is specifically manifested in low importance of the functions, or high satisfaction of residents with such functions; for disharmony, it means that the supply level of such functions is low, while the residents' demand level is high, indicating that the demand for such functions is not met; for lag, it means that the supply level of such functions is low, while the residents' demand level is also low. The reason may be that the importance is reduced due to the small population density of surrounding residents or the small number of active people.

[0202] (2) Coupling evaluation results of recreational functions of different community green open space types

[0203] Through the evaluation of the supply and demand coupling of various recreational functions in community green open spaces, the evaluation coupling results of the three functions of recreational travel, recreational space and recreational facilities, as well as the supply and demand coupling evaluation results of different space types and specific samples were obtained ( Fig.12 ). First, in terms of recreational travel supply, the supply level of secondary roads and branch roads (level II) is higher than that of main roads and branch roads (level I). In terms of recreational travel demand, branch roads (level I) and secondary roads are much higher than main roads and branch roads (level II) ( Fig.12 a, b); secondly, in terms of recreational space supply, comprehensive parks and community parks are higher than pocket parks, while in terms of recreational space demand, community parks have the highest demand ( Fig.12 c, d); Finally, in terms of the supply of recreational facilities, community parks have a relatively high supply of facilities, while pocket parks and community parks have a higher demand for recreational facilities ( Fig.12 e, f).

[0204] 3.2 Functional level evaluation based on the supply-demand ratio model

[0205] The present invention refers to the ecosystem service supply-demand ratio model to quantify the relationship between the supply and demand of recreational functions, and uses the results of the supply-demand ratio to visualize the spatial distribution. The supply-demand ratio is used to reflect the balance between the actual supply of recreational functions and residents' demand in a specific area, which may be expressed as a surplus or deficit. It can be used to reveal the supply and demand matching of recreational service functions in the study area ( Fig.13 , Table 11). The calculation formula is as follows:

[0206]

[0207] Where: R LSD is the supply-demand ratio of recreational functions; S is the function supply; D is the function demand; Smax The maximum value provided by the function; D max is the maximum value of the functional requirement. LSD >0, it means that supply exceeds demand, and there is a supply surplus; when R LSD =0, it indicates supply and demand balance; if R LSD <0, it means that supply exceeds demand, and there is a supply-demand deficit.

[0208] (1) Differences in the supply-demand ratio of recreational functions for different types of community green open spaces Table 11. Evaluation of the supply-demand ratio of recreational spaces and recreational facilities

[0209]

[0210] (2) Spatial distribution of the supply-demand ratio of recreational functions for different community space types

[0211] After calculating the supply and demand of various recreational functions in community green open spaces, the supply-demand ratio results were obtained. The evaluation results were divided into five levels using the natural breakpoint method, and the spatial distribution of the supply-demand ratio of different types of recreational functions in Xiangshan Street community green open spaces was obtained, such as Fig.14 As shown, Fig.14 a is a schematic diagram of the distribution of evaluation results of the supply-demand ratio of recreational travel functions; Fig.14 b is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the evaluation results of the supply-demand ratio of recreational space functions; Fig.14 c is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the evaluation results of the functional supply-demand ratio of recreational facilities. The spatial distribution of supply and demand levels shows significant differences overall.

[0212] In terms of recreational travel, the supply-demand ratio of secondary roads and branch roads (Level II) including walking paths and trails is higher than that of branch roads (Level I) and main roads. In terms of spatial distribution, Minzhu Road-Wenming Road (Level I branch road) in Xiangshan Street is an important community service road due to the high population density around the road section, while the tree coverage rate and green view rate in the road buffer zone are low. Therefore, the supply-demand ratio of this road section is the lowest. The Level I branch roads in the Anjiazhou area and the Level II branch roads in the Xiangshan Scenic Area and the Ronghu Scenic Area have high tree coverage rates and low surrounding population density, so the supply and demand are relatively high.

[0213] In terms of recreational space, the supply-demand ratio of comprehensive parks is generally higher than that of community parks and pocket parks. In terms of the proportion of the number of park types with less supply than demand, pocket parks are 41%, community parks are 55%, and comprehensive parks are 17%. In terms of the average supply-demand ratio, pocket parks are 0.16, community parks are 0.11, and comprehensive parks are 0.22. In terms of spatial distribution, Anxin Community, Wumei Community, and Xicheng Community have greater population pressure, and the space capacity of various parks is insufficient, so the supply and demand are relatively low. Anjiazhou Community and Wenming Community have relatively high supply and demand because they have large comprehensive parks and suitable population numbers.

[0214] In terms of recreational facilities, the supply-demand ratio of various types of park facilities is low overall. In terms of the proportion of the number of park types with less supply than demand to all parks of that type, pocket parks are 65%, community parks are 73%, and comprehensive parks are 72%. In terms of the average supply-demand ratio, pocket parks are 0.41, community parks are 0.36, and comprehensive parks are -0.24. The supply-demand ratio of pocket park recreational facilities is significantly low. In terms of spatial distribution, only Xiangshan Park, Sun and Moon Twin Towers Cultural Park, and Taohuajiang Park in Xiangshan Street have a greater supply than demand, while the others are in a deficit state of less supply than demand. There are two main reasons. On the one hand, the supply rate of park facilities is seriously insufficient. For example, Anjiazhou Zhoutou Wetland Park has almost no park facilities. On the other hand, the distribution of active population is large and residents’ satisfaction is low, so the demand is high.

[0215] This invention is based on the National Key R&D Program project "Evaluation and Construction of a Coupling Management and Control Platform for Urban Blue-Green Space Livability Demand and Ecological Service Supply" (2022YFC3802601), and the China Academy of Urban Construction's independent project "Research on Key Technologies for Physical Examination and Renewal of Street Open Spaces from a Health Perspective" (Y07C24007). It conducts a supply-demand ratio and evaluation of the leisure and recreation functions of community green open spaces, providing a reference for improving the effectiveness of spatial layout and optimizing quality.

[0216] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0217] Except for the technical features described in the specification, all other technical features are known technologies to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the leisure and recreation function of green open spaces in community living circles, characterized in that: The evaluation methods for the leisure and recreation functions of the green open space in the community life circle include: Step 1: Collect multi-source data, including behavioral activity data and ecological and built environment data; Step 2, identifying the leisure and recreation functions; Step 3: Conduct a classified assessment of the supply and demand of leisure and recreation functions, and evaluate them from the three functional levels of recreation space, recreation travel, and recreation facilities to obtain the assessment results; Step 4: Conduct an overall evaluation of the supply and demand relationship of leisure and recreation functions, derive the spatial distribution characteristics, and form an evaluation method for leisure and recreation functions.

2. The evaluation method for the leisure and recreation function of green open space in the community living circle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 1, behavioral activity data include behavioral activity trajectories, distribution, and residents' subjective preferences and opinions; ecological and built environment data include land cover, land use type, environmental form and quality; behavioral activity trajectories, distribution, and residents' subjective preferences and opinions are used to represent the demand for the use of leisure and recreation functions, and land cover, land use type, environmental form and quality are used to represent the space supply of leisure and recreation functions.

3. The evaluation method for the leisure and recreation function of green open space in community living circle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 2, the identification of leisure and recreation functions includes identifying the corridor space of community slow-moving space and the patch space of pocket parks, community parks, and comprehensive parks on the supply side of leisure and recreation space, integrating the number, area, quality, and facility type of space as supply representations, and identifying the diverse usage needs at objective and subjective levels such as recreational travel, population distribution, and cognitive preferences on the demand side of leisure and recreation functions.

4. The evaluation method for the leisure and recreation function of green open space in community living circle according to claim 3 is characterized in that: In step 2, the identification of the supply of recreational and leisure functional spaces includes: (2a) Identify park green space patches; cluster them according to patch area and land use type and divide them into three types of green open spaces with different functions, including comprehensive parks, community parks, and pocket parks; extract the centroid of pocket parks, and select the entrances and exits of community parks and comprehensive parks according to POI as supply points; (2b) Identify the types and distribution of recreational facilities within park green space patches; the types and distribution of recreational facilities are obtained through field surveys of various recreational facilities in park green space, including activity venues, barrier-free facilities, trails, courts, leisure seats, fitness equipment, entertainment equipment, and public toilets. According to the park green space design specifications, the types of facilities are divided into four categories: sports, leisure, service, and culture; POI is combined to assist in identifying the distribution of public service facilities in park green space and its internal distribution; (2c) Identification of community slow-moving spaces and their elements. The identification of community slow-moving space elements combines high-precision remote sensing interpretation and Baidu Street View data. The tree coverage rate is obtained by identifying the proportion of trees in the analysis unit. The street view green view rate is obtained by setting street view sampling points at regular intervals on the road. The merged images are passed through the InternImage deep learning model to identify the view area proportion of green elements such as trees and vegetation in street view images. GV i V is the percentage of tree view in the four directions of the Baidu Street View sampling point above, below, left, and right of the i-th slow-moving space; i is the total number of pixels in the image.

5. The evaluation method for the leisure and recreation function of green open space in community living circle according to claim 3 is characterized in that: In step 2, the identification of recreational function use needs includes: (21) Identify the community population distribution; the identification of community population distribution is divided into two aspects: static distribution and dynamic distribution. In the identification of the static distribution of the residential population, first, the residential population distribution is corrected based on the population statistics of the communities under the jurisdiction of the street, the building area of ​​the residential area, and the number of building floors, and the granularity of the population demand data is increased to the building scale; second, the entrances and exits of the residential area are identified to improve the accuracy of the calculation results of the accessibility of the green open space; finally, the total population of each residential area is evenly distributed to each entrance and exit according to the number of entrances and exits, and the number of entrance and exit population demand is obtained. Where, RD i is the residential building population density of the ith community, P i is the total population of the ith community, A ij is the floor area of ​​the jth residential building in the ith community, and n is the total number of residential buildings in the ith community; Where, RD ik A is the number of people corresponding to each entrance and exit of the residential area k, k is the total building area of ​​the kth residential area, E ik is the number of entrances and exits of residential area k; In terms of identifying the dynamic distribution of the population, Baidu API is used to obtain the cumulative number of people and their distribution in the park green space. Where: AD k is the active population density of the kth analysis unit area, people / m 2 , n is the number of pixels in the analysis unit, S i is the population in the ith pixel, R i is the total area of ​​the pixel; (22) Identify recreational travel characteristics; The identification of recreational travel characteristics was obtained by using two methods: walking path planning based on residential areas and park green spaces and counting the number of people based on the Keep app's movement trajectory. First, the 15-minute walking path planning of residential areas and park green spaces was used to obtain the number of people using different paths, which was extracted based on OSM data. Roads of different levels were identified based on ArcGIS road network analysis. The 15-minute walking connection paths between the entrances and exits of each residential area and the entrances and exits of community parks and comprehensive parks were spatially connected to the existing road network to obtain the population density of paths used for recreational travel. In the formula, gwd kp is the population density of the path from the entrance and exit of the residential area k to the park green space, person / m, RD ik is the number of people corresponding to the entrance and exit of the residential area k, L kp is the length of the path, m; Based on the Keep app platform, we captured the walking and running trajectories including the number of people checking in, established spatial connections with the existing road network, and obtained the population density of the trajectories. In the formula, gwd ka is the population density of the keep movement trajectory (person / m), P keep is the number of people in the motion trajectory, L keep is the trajectory length (m); (23) Conduct cognitive and preference profile identification; Through a satisfaction questionnaire using the Likert scale, we learned about residents’ satisfaction with green open space facilities, and obtained residents’ satisfaction scores for a total of six facilities, including recreational facilities and sports facilities in pocket parks on the streets, and recreational facilities, sports facilities, cultural facilities and service facilities in community and comprehensive parks.

6. The evaluation method of the leisure and recreation function of green open space in the community living circle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 3, based on the identification of supply and demand characteristics, and based on the characteristics of the supply and use demand of recreational space, the three functional levels of recreational space, recreational travel, and recreational facilities in the green open space of the 15-minute living circle of the community are respectively proposed to evaluate the supply and demand sides and obtain the evaluation results; The supply and demand assessment selects quantitative indicators that are in line with the supply and use needs of space. The supply and demand of recreational space uses the park carrying capacity as the supply of recreational space, and the park service pressure as the demand for recreational space; the supply and demand of recreational travel uses the comfort of tree-shaded areas as the supply of recreational travel, and the intensity of slow-moving space use as the demand for recreational travel; the supply and demand of recreational facilities uses the weight and number of recreational facilities as the supply rate of recreational facilities, and the importance-satisfaction of recreational facilities as the demand index for recreational facilities. Six indicators are used to evaluate the leisure and recreation functions from the supply and demand indicators of space, travel, and facilities.

7. The evaluation method for the leisure and recreation function of green open space in community living circle according to claim 6 is characterized in that: Step 3 specifically includes: Step 31: Conduct a supply and demand assessment of recreational space functions, including recreational space supply and recreational space demand; combine field research, calculate the carrying capacity of pocket parks, community parks, and comprehensive parks within a 15-minute living circle based on road network data and park green space distribution as a recreational space supply assessment, and calculate the recreational space supply RSS. i The calculation formula is as follows, In the formula, RSS j is the carrying capacity of each park green space j; is the green area of ​​the ith park carrying activities; Agu is the per capita green area for activities; is the non-green area of ​​the i-th park that carries activities; Non-green space activity area per capita; is the daily opening hours of the i-th park; The average activity time of visitors in each park; The recreation service space demand (RSD) is assessed by calculating the number of people served by pocket parks within a 5-minute walk, community parks, and comprehensive parks within a 15-minute walk based on road network data. j , the calculation formula for recreational space demand based on park service pressure is as follows: In the formula, RSD j is the total service demand of each park green space j; D ik is the number of permanent residents corresponding to each residential area entrance and exit k; d kj is the road network distance between the residential entrance k and the community park and comprehensive park j. Unit k needs to be within a 5-minute walking distance from a pocket park and a 15-minute walking distance from a community park and comprehensive park, that is, d kj ≤d0;G(d ij ) is the Gaussian attenuation function considering spatial friction[1], and its specific form can be expressed as: Step 32, evaluate the supply and demand of recreational travel functions, including recreational travel supply and recreational travel demand; use the tree coverage rate and green view rate scoring coefficient in the road analysis unit, select the equal weight method from the two dimensions of plane distribution and pedestrian perspective to evaluate the shade comfort of the community slow-moving space, and the recreational travel supply WCI i The calculation formula is as follows: WCI i =GA i ×S(GV i ) (10) Where, WCI i is the recreational travel comfort of the i-th road, GA i is the ratio of green pixel area in the buffer zone of the i-th road to the total area; studies have shown that 25% is the comfortable threshold for street view green vision, and 35% is the best green vision rate. Based on this principle, the green vision rate is assigned a score of 1-5 and the value is standardized. S(GV i ) is the standardized green viewing rate coefficient of the i-th slow-moving space; The use intensity of community slow-moving space, which is composed of the number of people using the paths in residential areas and park green spaces and the number of people using the Keep app’s movement trajectories, is used to assess the demand for recreational travel. The intensity of recreational travel demand WUI j The calculation formula is as follows: Where WUI j is the slow-moving space usage intensity of road analysis unit j, gwd kp is the population density of the path from the entrance and exit of the residential area k to the park green space, person / m, gwd ka is the population density of the keep movement trajectory, person / m, and the total population density of the activities of a total of k paths or trajectories is summed up, l ij is the length of the road analysis unit, m; Step 33, conduct supply and demand assessment of recreational facilities, including recreational facility supply and recreational facility demand; the recreational facility supply rate is determined by using the hierarchical analysis method to determine the recreational facility weights of various types of parks in the community, and the recreational facility supply rate is obtained by integrating the park type facility weights and the number of facilities; Row i represents the park type, corresponding to pocket parks, community parks, and comprehensive parks; column j represents the facility type, corresponding to sports facilities, recreational facilities, cultural facilities, and service facilities; The facility weight matrix W represents the weights of different types of parks for different facilities; W ij represents the importance weight of the j-th type of facility to the i-th type of park, In the formula, RFS k is the facility supply rate of park k, F ij is the number of facilities of the jth type in the i-th park, Wij is the importance weight of the i-th park to the j-th facility, obtained from the weight matrix W, and Cij is the demand of the i-th park for the j-th facility, obtained based on the condition matrix C; IPA is used to calculate the recreational facility demand index. The population aggregation characteristics based on Baidu Heat are used to represent the degree of importance, and the resident satisfaction is used to represent the degree of performance. The difference between the two constitutes the recreational facility demand index RFD of various parks. k , the specific calculation method is as follows, RFD k =IAD k -RSI k (15) Where, RFD k IAD is the recreational facility demand index. k represents the active population density AD of the i-th park based on Baidu Heat k The importance of the index is assigned using the natural interruption method; RSI k It represents the comprehensive satisfaction of residents with the recreational facilities of the kth park. The difference between the importance and satisfaction levels can form four types of demand index classification as shown in the following table.

8. The method for evaluating the leisure and recreation function of green open space in a community living circle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 4, the overall evaluation of the supply and demand relationship of leisure and recreation functions is carried out through the supply and demand evaluation matrix and the supply and demand ratio to obtain the differences in leisure and recreation functions of different space types, and to obtain the spatial distribution characteristics, thus forming an evaluation method for leisure and recreation functions.

9. The method for evaluating the leisure and recreation function of green open space in community living circle according to claim 8 is characterized in that: Step 4 specifically includes: Step 41, conduct a functional analysis based on the coupling evaluation matrix, construct a recreation function supply and demand coupling evaluation matrix, and obtain the evaluation coupling results of the three functions of recreation travel, recreation space and recreation facilities, as well as the supply and demand coupling evaluation results of different space types and specific samples through the supply and demand coupling evaluation of various recreation functions of community green open space leisure; Step 42, conduct a functional level evaluation based on the supply-demand ratio model; refer to the ecosystem service supply-demand ratio model to quantify the relationship between the supply and demand of recreational functions, and use the supply-demand ratio results to visualize the spatial distribution; the supply-demand ratio is used to reflect the balance between the actual supply of recreational functions and residents' demand in a specific area, which may be expressed as a surplus or deficit; it can be used to reveal the supply and demand matching of recreational service functions in the study area, and the calculation formula is as follows: Where: R LSD is the supply-demand ratio of recreational functions; S is the function supply; D is the function demand; S max The maximum value provided by the function; D max is the maximum value of the functional requirement; if R LSD >0, it means that supply exceeds demand, and there is a supply surplus; when R LSD =0, it indicates supply and demand balance; if R LSD <0, it means that supply exceeds demand, and there is a supply-demand deficit.

10. The method for evaluating the leisure and recreation function of green open space in community living circle according to claim 9 is characterized in that: In step 41, first, based on the functional evaluation, a supply-demand coupling evaluation matrix of the leisure and recreation functions of green open spaces around the community scale is established to form evaluation results representing different quadrants, thereby helping to understand the coupling coordination status of supply and demand; since the units and dimensions of the supply and demand of leisure and recreation functions in different dimensions are different, the first step of the supply-demand coupling evaluation is to standardize the evaluation data of the supply and demand of different functions; Secondly, according to the standardized recreational function supply and demand values, horizontal and vertical coordinates with values ​​of 0-1 are constructed to form a coupling evaluation matrix; finally, the supply and demand evaluation results are distributed in a matrix to obtain the supply and demand coupling relationship; According to the coupling states represented by the four quadrants, it can be divided into a coupling mismatch zone of low supply and high demand, a coupling adaptation zone of high supply and high demand, a coupling hysteresis zone of low supply and low demand, and a coupling coordination zone of high supply and low demand; For adaptation, it means that the supply of such functions is sufficient, while the residents' demand level is high, which is specifically manifested in high importance or low satisfaction; for coordination, it means that community residents have low demand for such functions, which is specifically manifested in low importance of the functions, or high satisfaction of residents with such functions; for disharmony, it means that the supply level of such functions is low, while the residents' demand level is high, indicating that the demand for such functions is not met; for lag, it means that the supply level of such functions is low, while the residents' demand level is also low. The reason may be that the importance is reduced due to the small population density of surrounding residents or the small number of active people.

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