Millimeter wave tight coupling broadband wide scanning angle phased array antenna unit

Abstract

The invention discloses a millimeter wave tight coupling broadband wide-scanning-angle phased-array antenna unit. The phased-array antenna unit comprises three covering layers, a radiation patch antenna, a first dielectric plate, a feed patch, a parasitic patch, a second dielectric plate, a parasitic feed coupling patch, a feed port and a metal floor which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. The three covering layers comprise a first covering layer, a second covering layer and a third covering layer. The upper surface of the first covering layer is provided with a plurality of open circular metal patches which are uniformly spaced, the two sides of the second covering layer are cut to form an I-shaped covering layer, and the third covering layer is cut to form a square-shaped covering layer. The patch antenna is arranged on the upper surface of the first dielectric plate, the feed patch is arranged on the upper surface of the second dielectric plate, and the metal floor is arranged on the lower surface of the second dielectric plate. According to the millimeter wave tight coupling broadband wide-scanning-angle phased-array antenna unit, energy is capacitively coupled to the radiation patch antenna from the feed patch through the simple coaxial feed probe, the working bandwidth of the antenna unit is widened, the wide-angle scanning characteristic of the antenna unit is achieved by loading three different covering layers, and the antenna unit can serve 5G millimeter wave communication.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a millimeter wave tightly coupled wide bandwidth scanning angle phased array antenna unit. Background Art

[0002] At present, with the rapid development of wireless communication technology, especially the continuous advancement of mobile communication, satellite communication, radar communication and other fields, the demand for high-performance and high-reliability antenna systems has increased significantly. Wireless communication requires antennas to have wide frequency band characteristics to adapt to signal transmission in various frequency bands; antennas need to have high gain and directivity to achieve longer transmission distances and higher transmission rates; antennas need to be able to scan at large angles to achieve larger coverage areas. Compared with traditional antenna systems, phased array antennas have advantages and characteristics such as strong directivity, fast scanning speed, strong anti-interference, high precision and strong flexibility, so they have broad application prospects in many application fields. However, traditional phased array antenna systems have problems such as independence between antenna elements, low modularity, and large mutual interference between antenna units, which cannot meet the requirements of high performance and high reliability. Therefore, the research on tightly coupled phased array antennas came into being. Its main idea is to improve the accuracy and performance of antenna arrays by making the coupling between antenna units tighter. Compared with traditional phased array antennas, the coupling between units of tightly coupled phased array antennas is tighter, and the mutual influence of antenna units is greater. Therefore, the phase and amplitude adjustment of antenna units has a more significant impact on the radiation direction, and has higher precision and accuracy. It uses the idea of ​​coupling between units to avoid complex decoupling technology, which not only improves antenna performance but also reduces the difficulty of design. In addition, the spacing of tightly coupled phased array antennas is smaller, which avoids the grating lobe problem when scanning at large angles, and also reduces the aperture of the antenna array, making it cheaper to manufacture, smaller in size, and easier to install and maintain.

[0003] Millimeter wave communication has become a key driving technology for 5G applications today due to its rich spectrum advantage. The millimeter wave band has an extremely wide bandwidth, which is 10 times the total bandwidth of the frequency band below microwave. Nowadays, frequency resources are becoming increasingly scarce, so millimeter wave communication is more attractive. Secondly, the millimeter wave antenna array has a narrower radiation beam, and the narrower beam has better performance in resolution, that is, in distinguishing objects at a close distance. In addition, millimeter wave communication has a higher signal transmission quality. On the one hand, due to the very few interference sources in the high-frequency band, the millimeter wave channel is very stable and reliable, and the transmission quality is comparable to that of optical cables. On the other hand, the communication signal will be blocked to a certain extent during the free space transmission process, such as dust and smoke. The signal of the ordinary frequency band will be seriously affected and interrupted, but the signal of the millimeter wave band can penetrate such substances, and the signal quality remains good without attenuation. Frequency is inversely proportional to wavelength, so the wavelength of the millimeter wave band will be much smaller than that of the microwave frequency band, and the size of the electronic device is proportional to the wavelength, that is, the electronic device working in the millimeter wave band will have a very small physical volume, thus achieving miniaturization. Based on the above advantages of millimeter wave communication, in recent years, with the continuous growth of mobile communication business volume, the millimeter wave frequency band has become a hot spot in demand for the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication.

[0004] It can be seen that millimeter-wave tightly coupled wide-bandwidth scanning angle phased array antenna will be a research hotspot in the future communication era and future mobile architecture. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a millimeter-wave tightly coupled wide-bandwidth scanning angle phased array antenna unit, which can integrate the millimeter-wave frequency band, wide bandwidth, low profile and beam scanning characteristics into one antenna, aiming to meet the future wireless communications for high speed, low latency, large coverage, beam switching and other requirements.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A millimeter wave tightly coupled wide bandwidth scanning angle phased array antenna unit, comprising a cover layer for increasing the scanning angle, a first dielectric plate 7, a second dielectric plate 2 for supporting and fixing, and a metal floor 1 for suppressing back radiation, which are of the same size and arranged in sequence from top to bottom; A group of radiation patches for radiating electromagnetic waves are also arranged on the upper surface of the first dielectric plate 7, and the individual radiation patches 8 have the same size and structure and are symmetrically arranged at left and right intervals; A parasitic patch 3 and a feeding patch 6 for enhancing the capacitive coupling between the units are arranged above the second dielectric plate 2; A coaxial feeding probe, two groups of metal columns 13 for removing the abnormal matching resonance points within the working frequency band, a parasitic feeding coupling patch 5 that helps to fully transmit energy to the feeding patch 6 through the coaxial feeding probe, and two groups of semi-cylindrical metal columns are arranged between the second dielectric plate 2 and the metal floor 1.

[0007] The covering layer comprises a first covering layer 11, a second covering layer 10 and a third covering layer 9 which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom; The first covering layer 11 includes a dielectric plate in the shape of a four-corner cut arc and an open annular metal patch 12. The open annular metal patch 12 is evenly arranged in a 4*4 arrangement on the upper surface of the dielectric plate in the shape of a four-corner cut arc. The second covering layer 10 is a covering layer in the shape of an "I" character. The third covering layer 9 is a covering layer in the shape of a "kou" character.

[0008] The open annular metal patch 12 consists of a circular metal patch 1201, a circular gap 1202 and a square gap 1203, wherein the radius of the circular metal patch 1201 is 0.225 mm, the radius of the circular gap 1202 is 0.1125 mm, and the opening width of the square gap 1203 is 0.15 mm.

[0009] A circular hole for impedance matching is opened on the single radiation patch 8, and the four edge corners of the single radiation patch 8 are cut corners, and the two cut corners on one side of the single radiation patches 8 that are adjacent to each other are straight cut corners, and the edges forming the straight cut corners extend outward in arc-shaped branches, and the ends of the arc-shaped branches are close to the circular hole side; the two cut corners on the other side of the single radiation patches 8 that are not adjacent to each other are arc cut corners.

[0010] The feed patch 6 includes a first circular feed patch 601, a second circular feed patch 602 and a strip feed patch 603, wherein the first circular feed patch 601 is located at the left end of the strip feed patch 603, and the second circular feed patch 602 is located at the right end of the strip feed patch 603, and the radii of the first circular feed patch 601 and the second circular feed patch 602 are both 0.175 mm, and the length of the strip feed patch 603 is 0.9 mm and the width is 0.08 mm.

[0011] The parasitic patch 3 comprises a first strip-shaped parasitic patch 301 and a second strip-shaped parasitic patch 302 , and the first strip-shaped parasitic patch 301 and the second strip-shaped parasitic patch 302 are respectively located at the left and right edges of the second dielectric plate.

[0012] The two groups of metal pillars 13 are composed of a first metal pillar 1301, a second metal pillar 1302, a third metal pillar 1303, a fourth metal pillar 1304, a fifth metal pillar 1305, a sixth metal pillar 1306, a seventh metal pillar 1307, an eighth metal pillar 1308, a ninth metal pillar 1309 and a tenth metal pillar 1310, and they have the same radius. The coaxial feeding probe 1311 is surrounded by the first metal pillar 1301, the second metal pillar 1302, the third metal pillar 1303, the fourth metal pillar 1304 and the fifth metal pillar 1305. The distance between the first metal pillar 1301, the second metal pillar 1302, the third metal pillar 1303, the fourth metal pillar 1304 and the fifth metal pillar 1305 and the coaxial feeding probe 1311 should be maintained at 0.45 mm to 0.55 mm. mm, the eleventh metal pillar 1312 is symmetrical with the coaxial feeding probe 1311 about the center of the second dielectric plate 2, and the eleventh metal pillar 1312 is surrounded by the sixth metal pillar 1306, the seventh metal pillar 1307, the eighth metal pillar 1308, the ninth metal pillar 1309, and the tenth metal pillar 1310, and is respectively symmetrical with the first metal pillar 1301, the second metal pillar 1302, the third metal pillar 1303, the fourth metal pillar 1304, and the fifth metal pillar 1305 about the second dielectric plate 2.

[0013] The two groups of semicircular metal columns are respectively located on the left and right sides between the second dielectric plate 2 and the metal ground plane. The semicircular metal columns on the left are recorded as the first semicircular metal column 1313, the second semicircular metal column 1314, the third semicircular metal column 1315, and the fourth semicircular metal column 1316. The semicircular metal columns on the right are recorded as the fifth semicircular metal column 1317, the sixth semicircular metal column 1318, the seventh semicircular metal column 1319 and the eighth semicircular metal column 1320. The upper ends of the semicircular metal columns are respectively connected to the first strip parasitic patch 301 and the second strip parasitic patch 302, and the lower ends are connected to the metal floor.

[0014] The parasitic feeding coupling patch 5 comprises a first rectangular parasitic feeding coupling patch 501, a second rectangular parasitic feeding coupling patch 502 and a first circular parasitic feeding coupling patch 503, wherein the first rectangular parasitic feeding coupling patch 501 is electrically connected to the third metal column 1303 and is horizontally arranged 0.25 mm above the metal floor 1; the second rectangular parasitic feeding coupling patch 502 is electrically connected to the coaxial feeding probe 1311 and is horizontally arranged 0.125 mm above the metal floor 1; the first circular parasitic feeding coupling patch 503 is sleeved on the eleventh metal column 1312 and is electrically connected to the eleventh metal column; the first circular parasitic feeding coupling patch 503 is located 0.0813 mm directly below the second circular feeding patch 602, and the radius of the first circular parasitic feeding coupling patch 503 and the second circular feeding patch 602 are the same.

[0015] The first rectangular parasitic feeding coupling patch 501 has a length of 0.325 mm and a width of 0.2 mm, and the second rectangular parasitic feeding coupling patch 502 has a length of 0.225 mm and a width of 0.2 mm.

[0016] The present invention introduces 5 metal pillars with the same radius near the feeding coaxial line, which are distributed in a semi-enclosed shape near the feeding coaxial line, thereby effectively blocking the electromagnetic radiation of the feeding coaxial line. In order to maintain the symmetry of the far-field radiation pattern of the antenna, another group of 5 metal pillars with the same radius are arranged at a symmetrical position therewith. Through simulation and comparison using electromagnetic simulation software, it is found that by introducing these two groups of pillars, the frequency point (also known as the blind spot) with abnormal return loss in the working frequency band can be effectively removed, thereby improving the working performance of the antenna.

[0017] Furthermore, in order to enable the antenna to perform large-angle scanning on both the E and H planes, it is necessary to suppress the surface waves transmitted in the antenna medium as much as possible. Therefore, three layers of covering layers are designed, which are, from top to bottom, a periodically arranged open circular metal patch covering layer, an "I"-shaped dielectric covering layer, and a "mouth"-shaped dielectric covering layer. By opening holes in the dielectric covering layer to increase the air layer, the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric plate is reduced to ensure that the antenna will not have abnormal impedance matching frequencies within the working frequency band when performing large-angle scanning. Finally, the present invention uses capacitive coupling to feed the dipole antenna, which can offset the inductance introduced by coaxial feeding, thereby expanding the working bandwidth of the antenna. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the layered structure of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the first covering layer structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the second covering layer structure of the present invention; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the third covering layer structure of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the patch antenna structure of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the feeding patch and the parasitic patch of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of the second dielectric plate, the metal column and the parasitic feeding coupling patch of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a front view of the second dielectric plate of the present invention (without the metal pillars provided in the second dielectric plate); Fig. 9 This is a voltage standing wave ratio-frequency simulation result diagram of the present invention; Fig.10 This is a graph showing the voltage standing wave ratio-frequency simulation results when the E-plane is scanned at 0°, 45° and 70° according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.11 This is a graph showing the voltage standing wave ratio-frequency simulation results when the E-plane is scanned at 0°, 45° and 60° according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.12 A graph showing the gain-frequency simulation results in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.13 is the far-field radiation pattern of the embodiment of the present invention when phi=0° at 17 GHz; Fig.14 is the far-field radiation pattern of the embodiment of the present invention when phi=90° at 17 GHz; Fig.15 is the far-field radiation pattern of the embodiment of the present invention when phi=0° at 35 GHz; Fig.16 is the far-field radiation pattern of the embodiment of the present invention when phi=90° at 35 GHz; Fig.17 is the far-field radiation pattern of the embodiment of the present invention when phi=0° at 55 GHz; Fig.18 : is the far-field radiation pattern of the embodiment of the present invention when phi=90° at 55 GHz.

[0021] Legend: 1. Metal floor; 2. Second dielectric plate; 3. Parasitic patch; 301. First strip parasitic patch; 302. Second strip parasitic patch; 4. Feed port; 5. Parasitic feed coupling patch; 501. First rectangular parasitic feed coupling patch; 502. Second rectangular parasitic feed coupling patch; 503. Third circular parasitic feed coupling patch; 6. Feed patch; 601. First circular feed patch; 602. Second circular feed patch; 603. Strip feed patch; 7. First dielectric plate; 8. Radiation patch; 801. First cut corner; 802. Second cut corner; 803. Third cut corner; 804. Fourth cut corner; 805. Fifth cut corner; 806. Sixth cut corner; 807. Seventh cut corner Corner cutting; 808, eighth corner cutting; 809, first arc-shaped branch; 810, second arc-shaped branch; 811, third arc-shaped branch; 812, fourth arc-shaped branch; 813, first circular hole; 814, second circular hole; 9, third covering layer; 901, cube gap; 10, second covering layer; 1001, first rectangular dielectric plate; 1002, second rectangular dielectric plate; 1003, third rectangular dielectric plate; 11, first covering layer; 1101, arc-shaped corner cutting; 12, open ring metal patch; 1201, circular metal patch; 1202, circular gap; 1203, square gap; 13, metal column; 1301, first metal column; 1302, second Metal pillar; 1303, third metal pillar; 1304, fourth metal pillar; 1305, fifth metal pillar; 1306, sixth metal pillar; 1307, seventh metal pillar; 1308, eighth metal pillar; 1309, ninth metal pillar; 1310, tenth metal pillar; 1311, coaxial feeding probe; 1312, eleventh metal pillar; 1313, first semicircular metal pillar; 1314, second semicircular metal pillar; 1315, third semicircular metal pillar; 1316, fourth semicircular metal pillar; 1317, fifth semicircular metal pillar; 1318, sixth semicircular metal pillar; 1319, seventh semicircular metal pillar; 1320, eighth semicircular metal pillar; 14, Metallized through hole; 1401, first through hole; 1402, second through hole; 1403, third through hole; 1404, fourth through hole; 1405, fifth through hole; 1406, sixth through hole; 1407, seventh through hole; 1408, eighth through hole; 1409, ninth through hole; 1410, tenth through hole; 1411, eleventh through hole; 1412, twelfth through hole; 1413, first semicircular through hole; 1414, second semicircular through hole; 1415, third semicircular through hole; 1416, fourth semicircular through hole; 1417, fifth semicircular through hole; 1418, sixth semicircular through hole; 1419, seventh semicircular through hole; 1420, eighth semicircular through hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] See also Figures 1 to 8 As shown, Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the layered structure of the millimeter wave tightly coupled wide bandwidth scanning angle phased array antenna unit of the present invention comprises a cover layer for increasing the scanning angle, a first dielectric plate 7, a second dielectric plate 2 for supporting and fixing, and a metal floor 1 for suppressing back radiation, which are of the same size and arranged in sequence from top to bottom; The upper surface of the first dielectric plate 7 is also provided with a radiation patch 8 for radiating electromagnetic waves. A parasitic patch 3 and a feeding patch 6 for enhancing the capacitive coupling between the units are arranged above the second dielectric plate 2; A coaxial feeding probe, two groups of metal columns 13 for removing the abnormal matching resonance points within the working frequency band, a parasitic feeding coupling patch 5 that helps to fully transmit energy to the feeding patch 6 through the coaxial feeding probe, and two groups of semi-cylindrical metal columns are arranged between the second dielectric plate 2 and the metal floor 1.

[0024] The covering layer includes a first covering layer 11, a second covering layer 10 and a third covering layer 9 which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom. The first covering layer 11 includes a dielectric plate in the shape of a four-corner cut arc and an open annular metal patch 12, and the open annular metal patch 12 is evenly arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric plate in the shape of a four-corner cut arc in a 4×4 arrangement. The second covering layer 10 is cut into a covering layer in the shape of an "I" character, and the third covering layer 9 is cut into a covering layer in the shape of a "mouth" character. Each of the three covering layers is tightly stacked together, so that an air layer can be added to the dielectric layer, the dielectric constant of the dielectric plate can be reduced, which is conducive to suppressing surface waves, thereby expanding the scanning angle of the phased array antenna. The open annular metal patch 12 consists of a circular metal patch 1201, a circular gap 1202 and a square gap 1203, wherein the radius of the circular metal patch 1201 is 0.225 mm, the radius of the circular gap 1202 is 0.1125 mm, and the opening width of the square gap 1203 is 0.15 mm. In actual use, the open circular metal patch 12 is printed on the upper surface of the first covering layer 11, and is distributed in a 4×4 matrix. The patch antenna 8 is printed on the upper surface of the first dielectric plate 7, the feed patch 6 and the parasitic coupling patch 3 are printed on the upper surface of the second dielectric plate 2, and the metal floor 1 is printed on the lower surface of the second dielectric plate 2. The first dielectric plate 7 can be a plate with a thickness of 0.0813 mm and a dielectric constant of 3, the second dielectric plate 2 can be a plate with a thickness of 1.0813 mm and a dielectric constant of 3, the first covering layer 11 can be a plate with a thickness of 0.1 mm and a dielectric constant of 3.5, the second covering layer 10 can be a plate with a thickness of 0.3 mm and a dielectric constant of 2.6, and the third covering layer 9 can be a plate with a thickness of 0.15 mm and a dielectric constant of 3. Specifically, in this embodiment, the four corners of the first covering layer 11 are cut into arc cut corners 1101, and the radius of the arc cut corner 1101 is 0.2 mm.

[0025] Specifically, in this embodiment, the second covering layer 10 is composed of a first rectangular dielectric plate 1001, a second rectangular dielectric plate 1002 and a third rectangular dielectric plate 1003, forming a covering layer in the shape of an "I" character.

[0026] Specifically, in this embodiment, the third covering layer 9 is provided with a center cut, and the cut portion is a cube gap 901, forming a covering layer in the shape of a "mouth", and the length of the cube gap 901 is 3 mm.

[0027] Since the radiation patches in each group are of the same structure and size, the structure of the radiation patch 8 is further explained and illustrated in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Its edges have cut corners, which are respectively the first cut corner 801, the second cut corner 802, the third cut corner 803, the fourth cut corner 804, the fifth cut corner 805, the sixth cut corner 806, the seventh cut corner 807 and the eighth cut corner 808. The edges of the fifth cut corner 805, the sixth cut corner 806, the seventh cut corner 807 and the eighth cut corner 808 extend outwardly to form a first arcuate branch 809, a second arcuate branch 810, a third arcuate branch 811 and a fourth arcuate branch 812, respectively. The radiation patch 8 is provided with a first circular hole 813 and a second circular hole 814.

[0028] The feed patch 6 includes a first circular feed patch 601, a second circular feed patch 602 and a strip feed patch 603, wherein the first circular feed patch 601 is located at the left end of the strip feed patch 603, and the second circular feed patch 602 is located at the right end of the strip feed patch 603, and the radii of the first circular feed patch 601 and the second circular feed patch 602 are both 0.175 mm, and the length of the strip feed patch 603 is 0.9 mm and the width is 0.08 mm.

[0029] The parasitic patch 3 comprises a first strip-shaped parasitic patch 301 and a second strip-shaped parasitic patch 302 , and the first strip-shaped parasitic patch 301 and the second strip-shaped parasitic patch 302 are respectively located at the left and right edges of the second dielectric plate.

[0030] The two groups of metal pillars 13 are composed of a first metal pillar 1301, a second metal pillar 1302, a third metal pillar 1303, a fourth metal pillar 1304, a fifth metal pillar 1305, a sixth metal pillar 1306, a seventh metal pillar 1307, an eighth metal pillar 1308, a ninth metal pillar 1309 and a tenth metal pillar 1310, and they have the same radius. The coaxial feeding probe 1311 is surrounded by the first metal pillar 1301, the second metal pillar 1302, the third metal pillar 1303, the fourth metal pillar 1304 and the fifth metal pillar 1305. The distance between the first metal pillar 1301, the second metal pillar 1302, the third metal pillar 1303, the fourth metal pillar 1304 and the fifth metal pillar 1305 and the coaxial feeding probe 1311 should be maintained at 0.45 mm to 0.55 mm. mm, the eleventh metal pillar 1312 is symmetrical with the coaxial feeding probe 1311 about the center of the second dielectric plate 2, and the eleventh metal pillar 1312 is surrounded by the sixth metal pillar 1306, the seventh metal pillar 1307, the eighth metal pillar 1308, the ninth metal pillar 1309, and the tenth metal pillar 1310. Specifically, in this embodiment, the first metal pillar 1301, the second metal pillar 1302, the third metal pillar 1303, the fourth metal pillar 1304, and the fifth metal pillar 1305 are symmetrically distributed with the sixth metal pillar 1306, the seventh metal pillar 1307, the eighth metal pillar 1308, the ninth metal pillar 1309, and the tenth metal pillar 1310, respectively, and have the same radius, and the coaxial feeding probe 1311 is surrounded by the first metal pillar 1301, the second metal pillar 1302, the third metal pillar 1303, the fourth metal pillar 1304, the fifth metal pillar 1305 The eleventh metal pillar 1312 is symmetrical with the coaxial feeding probe 1311 about the center of the second dielectric plate 2, and the eleventh metal pillar 1312 is surrounded by the sixth metal pillar 1306, the seventh metal pillar 1307, the eighth metal pillar 1308, the ninth metal pillar 1309, and the tenth metal pillar 1310, and a first semicircular metal pillar 1313, a second semicircular metal pillar 1314, a third semicircular metal pillar 1315 and a fourth semicircular metal pillar 1316 are arranged on the left side of the second dielectric plate 2.

[0031] The two groups of semicircular metal pillars are respectively located on the left and right sides of the second dielectric plate 2. The semicircular metal pillars located on the left side include the first semicircular metal pillar 1313, the second semicircular metal pillar 1314, the third semicircular metal pillar 1315, and the fourth semicircular metal pillar 1316. The semicircular metal pillars located on the right side include the fifth semicircular metal pillar 1317, the sixth semicircular metal pillar 1318, the seventh semicircular metal pillar 1319 and the eighth semicircular metal pillar 1320. Since these edge metal pillars are shared by two adjacent antenna units, half a metal pillar is displayed in each antenna unit.

[0032] The parasitic feeding coupling patch 5 comprises a first rectangular parasitic feeding coupling patch 501, a second rectangular parasitic feeding coupling patch 502 and a first circular parasitic feeding coupling patch 503, wherein the first rectangular parasitic feeding coupling patch 501 is electrically connected to the third metal column 1303, and the second rectangular parasitic feeding coupling patch 502 is electrically connected to the coaxial feeding probe 1311. The first rectangular parasitic feeding coupling patch 501 has a length of 0.325 mm and a width of 0.2 mm, and is located 0.25 mm above the metal floor 1. The second rectangular parasitic feeding coupling patch 502 has a length of 0.225 mm and a width of 0.2 mm, and is located 0.125 mm above the metal floor 1. The first circular parasitic feeding coupling patch 503 is located 0.0813 mm directly below the second circular feeding patch 602, and the first circular parasitic feeding coupling patch 503 and the second circular feeding patch 602 have the same radius.

[0033] In this embodiment, in actual use, in order to facilitate the arrangement of metal pillars in the second dielectric plate 2, a hole opening operation is performed in the second dielectric plate 2. The first through hole 1401, the second through hole 1402, the third through hole 1403, the fourth through hole 1404, the fifth through hole 1405, the sixth through hole 1406, the seventh through hole 1407, the eighth through hole 1408, the ninth through hole 1409, and the tenth through hole 1410 are respectively for facilitating the insertion of the first metal pillar 1301, the second metal pillar 1302, the third metal pillar 1303, the fourth metal pillar 1304, the fifth metal pillar 1305, the sixth metal pillar 1306, the seventh metal pillar 1307, the eighth metal pillar 1308, the ninth metal pillar 1309, and the tenth metal pillar 1310 in the second dielectric plate 2. The eleventh through hole 1411 is for facilitating the insertion of the metal pillars in the second dielectric plate 2. The coaxial feeding probe 1311 is inserted into the second dielectric plate 2, the twelfth through hole 1412 is for the convenience of inserting the eleventh metal pillar 1312 into the second dielectric plate 2, and the first semicircular through hole 1413, the second semicircular through hole 1414, the third semicircular through hole 1415, the fourth semicircular through hole 1416, the fifth semicircular through hole 1417, the sixth semicircular through hole 1418, the seventh semicircular through hole 1419 and the eighth semicircular through hole 1420 are for the convenience of inserting the first semicircular metal pillar 1313, the second semicircular metal pillar 1314, the third semicircular metal pillar 1315, the fourth semicircular through hole 1316, the fifth semicircular through hole 1317, the sixth semicircular through hole 1318, the seventh semicircular through hole 1319 and the eighth semicircular through hole 1320 into the second dielectric plate 2.

[0034] See also Fig. 9 As shown, Fig. 9The simulation result diagram of the relationship between the frequency and the millimeter-wave tightly coupled wide bandwidth scanning angle phased array antenna under the master-slave boundary conditions of the present invention is shown. The simulation result is obtained by simulating and calculating the voltage standing wave ratio of the antenna using the commercial simulation software ANSYS HFSS_19.2. Fig. 9 As shown in the figure, when the voltage standing wave ratio is less than 3, the millimeter-wave tightly coupled wide-bandwidth scanning angle phased array antenna can achieve an operating frequency band of 17.32~54.75GHz.

[0035] See also Fig.10 and Fig.11 As shown, Fig.10 and Fig.11 The simulation result diagrams of the relationship between the voltage standing wave ratio and frequency of the millimeter-wave tightly coupled wide-bandwidth scanning angle phased array antenna under master-slave boundary conditions described in the present invention at different scanning angles on the E plane and the H plane are respectively shown. The antenna can scan to 70 degrees on the E plane and 60 degrees on the H plane, and the results are good.

[0036] See also Fig.12 As shown, Fig.12 The simulation results of the relationship between the gain and frequency of the millimeter-wave tightly coupled wide-bandwidth scanning angle phased array antenna under master-slave boundary conditions are shown in Figure 1. Fig.12 As shown in the figure, the maximum gain of the antenna is 4.35 dB, and the gain is kept relatively stable in a wider working frequency band.

[0037] See also Figures 13 to 18 , Figures 13 to 18 The far-field radiation patterns of the millimeter-wave tightly coupled wide-bandwidth scanning angle phased array antenna unit at Phi=0° and Phi=90° at three frequency points of 17 GHz, 35 GHz and 55 GHz are shown respectively. The maximum radiation direction of the antenna is the +z axis, without deviation or split petal phenomenon, and the cross-polarization level is basically at least 40 dB lower than the main polarization.

[0038] The above simulation results show that the antenna of the present invention achieves a lower profile, a wider operating bandwidth, a wider angle scanning and a lower cross-polarization level.

[0039] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that directional words, such as the terms "center", "lateral", "longitudinal", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like, indicating directions and positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and cannot be understood as limiting the specific protection scope of the present invention.

[0040] It should be noted that the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of the present application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or apparatus comprising a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not explicitly listed or are inherent to these processes, methods, products or apparatuses.

[0041] Note that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and the principles of the application technology. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and that various obvious changes, readjustments and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention is described in more detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and may include more other effective embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A millimeter-wave tightly coupled wide bandwidth scanning angle phased array antenna unit, characterized in that: It includes a cover layer for increasing the scanning angle, a first dielectric plate, a second dielectric plate for supporting and fixing, and a metal floor for suppressing back radiation, which are of the same size and arranged in sequence from top to bottom; The upper surface of the first dielectric plate is also provided with a group of radiation patches for radiating electromagnetic waves, and the individual radiation patches have the same size and structure and are symmetrically arranged at left and right intervals; A parasitic patch and a feeding patch for enhancing the capacitive coupling between the units are arranged above the second dielectric plate; A coaxial feeding probe, two groups of metal columns for removing abnormal matching resonance points within the working frequency band, a parasitic feeding coupling patch that helps to fully transmit energy to the feeding patch through the coaxial feeding probe, and two groups of semi-cylindrical metal columns are arranged between the second dielectric plate and the metal floor.

2. The millimeter-wave tightly coupled wide-bandwidth scanning angle phased array antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The covering layer comprises a first covering layer, a second covering layer and a third covering layer which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom; The first covering layer includes a dielectric plate with four corners cut out in an arc shape and an open annular metal patch. The open annular metal patch is formed by four The arrangement is evenly arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric plate in the shape of a four-corner cut arc, the second covering layer adopts a covering layer in the shape of an "I" character, and the third covering layer adopts a covering layer in the shape of a "O" character.

3. The millimeter-wave tightly coupled wide-bandwidth scanning angle phased array antenna unit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The open annular metal patch consists of a circular metal patch, a circular gap and a square gap, wherein the radius of the circular metal patch is 0.225 mm, the radius of the circular gap is 0.1125 mm, and the opening width of the square gap is 0.15 mm.

4. The millimeter-wave tightly coupled wide-bandwidth scanning angle phased array antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: A circular hole for impedance matching is opened on the single radiation patch, and the four edge corners of the single radiation patch are cut corners, and the two cut corners on the side adjacent to each other between the single radiation patches are straight cut corners, and the edges forming the straight cut corners extend outward in arc-shaped branches, and the ends of the arc-shaped branches are close to the circular hole side; the two cut corners on the other side of the single radiation patches that are not adjacent to each other are arc cut corners.

5. The millimeter wave tightly coupled wide bandwidth scanning angle phased array antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed patch includes a first circular feed patch, a second circular feed patch and a strip feed patch, the first circular feed patch is located at the left end of the strip feed patch, the second circular feed patch is located at the right end of the strip feed patch, the radius of the first circular feed patch and the second circular feed patch are both 0.175mm, and the length of the strip feed patch is 0.9mm and the width is 0.08mm.

6. The millimeter wave tightly coupled wide bandwidth scanning angle phased array antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parasitic patch includes a first strip-shaped parasitic patch and a second strip-shaped parasitic patch, and the first strip-shaped parasitic patch and the second strip-shaped parasitic patch are respectively located at the left and right edges of the second dielectric plate.

7. The millimeter wave tightly coupled wide bandwidth scanning angle phased array antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two groups of metal pillars are composed of a first metal pillar, a second metal pillar, a third metal pillar, a fourth metal pillar, a fifth metal pillar, a sixth metal pillar, a seventh metal pillar, an eighth metal pillar, a ninth metal pillar and a tenth metal pillar, and they have the same radius, the coaxial feeding probe is surrounded by the first metal pillar, the second metal pillar, the third metal pillar, the fourth metal pillar and the fifth metal pillar, and the distance between the first metal pillar, the second metal pillar, the third metal pillar, the fourth metal pillar and the fifth metal pillar and the coaxial feeding probe should be maintained at 0.45 mm to 0.55 mm, the eleventh metal pillar is symmetrical with the coaxial feeding probe about the center of the second dielectric plate, and the eleventh metal pillar is surrounded by the sixth metal pillar, the seventh metal pillar, the eighth metal pillar, the ninth metal pillar and the tenth metal pillar, and is symmetrical with the first metal pillar, the second metal pillar, the third metal pillar, the fourth metal pillar and the fifth metal pillar about the second dielectric plate.

8. The millimeter wave tightly coupled wide bandwidth scanning angle phased array antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two groups of semicircular metal columns are respectively located on the left and right sides between the second dielectric plate and the metal ground plate. The semicircular metal columns located on the left are recorded as the first semicircular metal column, the second semicircular metal column, the third semicircular metal column, and the fourth semicircular metal column, and the semicircular metal columns located on the right are recorded as the fifth semicircular metal column, the sixth semicircular metal column, the seventh semicircular metal column, and the eighth semicircular metal column, and their upper ends are respectively connected to the first strip parasitic patch and the second strip parasitic patch, and their lower ends are connected to the metal floor.

9. The millimeter wave tightly coupled wide bandwidth scanning angle phased array antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parasitic feeding coupling patch includes a first rectangular parasitic feeding coupling patch, a second rectangular parasitic feeding coupling patch and a first circular parasitic feeding coupling patch, wherein the first rectangular parasitic feeding coupling patch is electrically connected to the third metal column and is horizontally arranged 0.25 mm above the metal floor; the second rectangular parasitic feeding coupling patch is electrically connected to the coaxial feeding probe and is horizontally arranged 0.125 mm above the metal floor; the first circular parasitic feeding coupling patch is sleeved on the eleventh metal column and is electrically connected to the eleventh metal column; the first circular parasitic feeding coupling patch is located 0.0813 mm directly below the second circular feeding patch, and the radius of the first circular parasitic feeding coupling patch and the second circular feeding patch are the same.

10. The millimeter wave tightly coupled wide bandwidth scanning angle phased array antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the first rectangular parasitic feeding coupling patch is 0.325 mm and the width is 0.2 mm, and the length of the second rectangular parasitic feeding coupling patch is 0.225 mm and the width is 0.2 mm.

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