A flange profiling welding device

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field related to welding devices, and specifically discloses a flange profiling welding device, including: a tank body and a moving frame. Above the inner side of the tank body, there is a flange pipe. The upper surface of the moving frame is connected to a moving seat through a lifting mechanism arranged. On the upper surface of the moving seat, an L-shaped frame is fixedly installed. The upper surface of the L-shaped frame is connected to a first gear through a rotation meshing component arranged. Inside the first gear, an installation cylinder is fixedly clamped. Below the inner side of the installation cylinder, there is a fixed shaft. The top end of the fixed shaft is connected to the top wall of the L-shaped frame, and the installation cylinder and the fixed shaft are rotationally matched. Below the outer side of the fixed shaft, there is a positioning component. On one outer wall of the installation cylinder, a sleeve seat is fixedly installed. The present invention can weld the flange pipe of the tank body, and can rely on the arc on the guide wheel to imitate the intersecting arc-shaped weld where the flange seat contacts the inner tank arc surface to realize the welding of the arc surface of the flange seat.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field related to welding devices, and specifically discloses a flange profiling welding device. Background Art

[0002] Chemical storage tanks, chemical storage vessels, chemical mixing tanks, chemical spherical tanks, chemical iron tanks, chemical reaction tanks, chemical neutralization tanks, etc. used in chemical industry production; the general term for tanks used in chemical production;

[0003] Chemical tanks generally need to weld the flange pipes for feeding. When welding the inner tank flange, most are manual welding, with low welding efficiency. And due to the shape of the chemical tank, it is impossible to ensure airtightness when welding the arc at the edge of the connection with the flange pipe, and the welding effect is poor. Therefore, we need to improve this. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems existing in the background art, and propose a flange profiling welding device.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention discloses a flange profiling welding device, including: a tank body and a moving frame. Above the inner side of the tank body, there is a flange pipe. The upper surface of the moving frame is connected with a moving seat through a lifting mechanism arranged. The upper surface of the moving seat is fixedly installed with an L-shaped frame. The upper surface of the L-shaped frame is connected with a first gear through a rotating meshing component arranged. Inside the first gear, there is a fixed installation cylinder. Below the inner side of the installation cylinder, there is a fixed shaft. The top end of the fixed shaft is connected with the top wall of the L-shaped frame. The installation cylinder and the fixed shaft are rotationally matched. Below the outer side of the fixed shaft, there is a positioning component. On one outer wall of the installation cylinder, there is a fixed installation sleeve seat. Inside the sleeve seat, there is a sliding rod inserted. Below the outer side of the sliding rod, there is a fixed connection with an installation seat. On one side of the installation seat, there is a fixed installation of a first sliding seat. Inside the first sliding seat, there is a second sliding seat connected through an adjusting component arranged. On one side of the second sliding seat, there is a sliding table connected through a pushing mechanism arranged. On one side of the sliding table, there is a welding mechanism;

[0006] The lifting mechanism includes hydraulic cylinders respectively installed on the upper surfaces of both sides of the moving frame. The telescopic ends of the two hydraulic cylinders are connected with the bottom of the moving seat. On the upper surface of one side of the moving frame, there is a battery installed. On the upper surface of the moving frame and on one side of the battery, there is a guide rod vertically installed. The moving seat and the guide rod are slidably matched;

[0007] The rotating meshing component includes a motor fixedly installed on the upper surface of the L-shaped frame. The output shaft of the motor is sleeved with a second gear, and the second gear meshes with the first gear;

[0008] The positioning component includes a cylinder base fixedly sleeved below the outside of the fixed shaft. The cylinder base extends into the inside of the flange pipe. A clamping rod is fixedly installed at the end of the fixed shaft. At both ends of the clamping rod and inside the cylinder base, a pressing rod is slidably installed. Above the inner side of the pressing rod, a moving rod is slidably installed. Below the outside of the moving rod, a pressing component is arranged. Above the outside of the fixed shaft, a guiding wheel is fixedly sleeved. The outer surface of the guiding wheel is arc-shaped. In the middle of the outside of the guiding wheel, a rotating ring is rotatably installed. One side of the rotating ring is fixedly connected with a fixed sleeve;

[0009] The pressing component includes a movable plate rotatably installed below the outside of the moving rod. A screw pin is threadedly inserted through the lower part of the inner side of the movable plate. The upper surface of the movable plate abuts against the bottom of the upper end of the flange pipe. One end of the screw pin extends above into the inside of the moving rod.

[0010] Preferably, the adjusting component includes a screw rod rotatably inserted through the inside of the first sliding seat. One end of the screw rod penetrates through the outside of the first sliding seat and a rotating wheel is installed at the end. The screw rod is in threaded cooperation with the second sliding seat. The side of the second sliding seat away from the screw rod is slidably matched with the outside of the first sliding seat.

[0011] Preferably, the pushing mechanism includes a first air cylinder fixedly installed at one end of the second sliding seat. A sliding table is fixedly installed at the telescopic end of the first air cylinder. On the outside of the second sliding seat, tracks adapted to the sliding of the sliding table are symmetrically installed.

[0012] Preferably, the welding mechanism includes a limiting rod fixedly installed on one side surface of the sliding table. A sliding block is slidably installed on the outside of the limiting rod. A plurality of groups of limiting holes are formed on one side surface of the limiting rod. A limiting pin is threadedly inserted through the inside of the sliding block. The limiting pin correspondingly extends into one of the limiting holes.

[0013] Preferably, a sleeve rod is fixedly installed at the rear end of the side of the mounting seat away from the first sliding seat. A roller is installed on the outside of the sleeve rod. The roller rolls and fits on the upper surface of the guiding wheel. The lower end of the sleeve rod is slidably matched with the fixed sleeve.

[0014] Preferably, a rod seat is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the sliding block. A second air cylinder is fixedly installed inside the rod seat. A connecting seat is fixedly installed at the telescopic end of the second air cylinder. A welding device is installed on the outside of the connecting seat. A welding head is installed at the port of the welding device. Clamping seats are fixedly installed on both sides of the connecting seat. Cooling air pumps are installed inside both clamping seats. Connecting pipes are connected and installed at the ports of the two cooling air pumps. One end of each of the two connecting pipes away from the cooling air pump is connected and installed with a spray head. An arc-shaped rod is commonly installed outside the two spray heads. The outside of the arc-shaped rod is connected with the welding head through a fixed sleeve sleeved on a bushing.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] 1. The fixed shaft and positioning components can quickly position the flange pipe, ensuring the stability of subsequent welding, guaranteeing accurate positioning, and being applicable to a variety of flange pipes.

[0017] 2. The rotating meshing components can mesh with the first gear, enabling the installation cylinder to drive the outer first slide seat, second slide seat, and welding device to weld the flange pipe. During the rotation process, relying on the arc of the guide wheel, the intersecting arc-shaped welds in contact with the inner arc surface of the flange pipe can be imitated, thus realizing the welding of the arc surface of the flange seat.

[0018] 3. The adjustment components and pushing components can adjust the welding device and the welding head, thus solving the difficulty of automatic welding when the welding head is not on the same plane.

[0019] 4. By setting a fixed sleeve and an arc-shaped rod outside the welding head, the spray head can be arranged outside the welding head to cool the edge of the flange pipe during the welding of the tank body, avoiding the problem of loss caused by overheating at the connection between the tank body and the flange pipe during welding. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] [[ID=I5]] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention from another angle;

[0022] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the first slide seat, the second slide seat, and the adjustment components of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the installation cylinder and the roller of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 is of the present invention Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure at position A;

[0025] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the welding device and the clamping seat of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the partial structure connection between the fixed shaft and the cylinder seat of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the partial structure connection between the abutting rod and the moving rod of the present invention.

[0028] In the figure: 1, tank body; 2, flange pipe; 3, moving seat; 4, L-shaped frame; 5, motor; 6, first gear; 7, mounting cylinder; 8, fixed shaft; 9, track; 10, first sliding seat; 11, first cylinder; 12, moving frame; 13, battery; 14, hydraulic cylinder; 15, second gear; 16, guide rod; 17, second sliding seat; 18, screw rod; 19, sliding table; 20, limit rod; 21, slider; 22, limit pin; 23, limit hole; 24, socket; 25, sliding rod; 26, mounting seat; 27, guide wheel; 28, roller; 29, swivel ring; 30, fixed sleeve; 31, sleeve rod; 32, clamping rod; 33, welding device; 34, connecting seat; 35, rod seat; 36, second cylinder; 37, arc rod; 38, connecting pipe; 39, cooling air pump; 40, clamping seat; 41, welding head; 42, ferrule; 43, moving rod; 44, cylinder seat; 45, abutting rod; 46, screw pin; 47, movable plate. Detailed implementation manner

[0029] In order to be able to more clearly understand the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation manners.

[0030] In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to fully understand the present invention. However, the present invention can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the limitations of the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0031] As Figures 1-8 Shown is a flange profiling welding device, including: a tank body 1 and a moving frame 12. Above the inner side of the tank body 1, there is a flange pipe 2. The upper surface of the moving frame 12 is connected with a moving seat 3 through a lifting mechanism arranged thereon. The upper surface of the moving seat 3 is fixedly installed with an L-shaped frame 4. The upper surface of the L-shaped frame 4 is connected with a first gear 6 through a rotating and meshing assembly arranged thereon. Inside the first gear 6, a mounting cylinder 7 is fixedly clamped. Below the inner side of the mounting cylinder 7, there is a fixed shaft 8. The top end of the fixed shaft 8 is connected with the top wall of the L-shaped frame 4. The mounting cylinder 7 and the fixed shaft 8 are rotationally matched with each other. Below the outer side of the fixed shaft 8, there is a positioning assembly. On one outer wall of the mounting cylinder 7, a socket 24 is fixedly installed. Inside the socket 24, a sliding rod 25 is slidably inserted. Below the outer side of the sliding rod 25, a mounting seat 26 is fixedly connected. On one side of the mounting seat 26, a first sliding seat 10 is fixedly installed. Inside the first sliding seat 10, a second sliding seat 17 is connected through an adjusting assembly arranged therein. On one side of the second sliding seat 17, a sliding table 19 is connected through a pushing mechanism arranged thereon. On one side of the sliding table 19, there is a welding mechanism.

[0032] The lifting mechanism includes hydraulic cylinders 14 respectively installed on the upper surfaces of both sides of the moving frame 12. The telescopic ends of the two groups of hydraulic cylinders 14 are connected to the bottom of the moving seat 3. A battery 13 is arranged on the upper surface of one side of the moving frame 12. A guide rod 16 is vertically installed on the upper surface of the moving frame 12 and on one side of the battery 13. The moving seat 3 is slidably matched with the guide rod 16. The hydraulic cylinder 14 can drive the moving seat 3 and the L-shaped frame 4 to move up and down, so as to cooperate with the erection above the tank body 1. The installed guide rod 16 can cooperate with the moving seat 3 to maintain stability during the lifting process.

[0033] The rotation and meshing assembly includes a motor 5 fixedly installed on the upper surface of the L-shaped frame 4. A second gear 15 is sleeved on the output shaft of the motor 5. The second gear 15 meshes with the first gear 6. After the motor 5 is started, it can drive the external second gear 15 to rotate, so that the first gear 6 on one side can drive the installation cylinder 7 to rotate outside the fixed shaft 8.

[0034] The positioning assembly includes a cylinder base 44 fixedly sleeved on the lower side outside the fixed shaft 8. The cylinder base 44 extends into the inside of the flange pipe 2. A clamping rod 32 is fixedly installed at the end of the fixed shaft 8. Two ends of the clamping rod 32 are slidably installed with abutting rods 45 inside the cylinder base 44. A moving rod 43 is slidably installed above the inner side of the abutting rod 45. When welding the flange pipe 2, the abutting rod 45 can slide outside the clamping rod 32 and then press against the inner wall of the flange pipe 2, so as to position the flange pipe 2. In this way, it can be used for flange pipes 2 with various different diameters.

[0035] A pressing assembly is arranged below the outer side of the moving rod 43. A guide wheel 27 is fixedly sleeved on the upper side outside the fixed shaft 8. The outer surface of the guide wheel 27 is arc-shaped. A rotating ring 29 is rotatably installed in the middle of the outer side of the guide wheel 27. One side of the rotating ring 29 is fixedly connected with a fixed sleeve 30.

[0036] A sleeve rod 31 is fixedly installed at the rear end of the installation seat 26 away from the first sliding seat 10. A roller 28 is installed on the outer side of the sleeve rod 31. The roller 28 rolls and fits on the upper surface of the guide wheel 27. The lower end of the sleeve rod 31 is slidably matched with the fixed sleeve 30. During the up and down movement of the sliding rod 25, the sliding insertion of the sleeve rod 31 not only adapts to the arc-shaped rolling, but also can cause the rotating ring 29 to cooperate with the rotary welding through the pulling of the sliding rod 25.

[0037] The pressing component includes a movable plate 47 rotatably mounted below the outer side of the moving rod 43. A screw pin 46 is threadedly inserted through the lower part of the inner side of the movable plate 47. The upper surface of the movable plate 47 abuts against the bottom of the upper end of the flange pipe 2. One end of the screw pin 46 extends above into the interior of the moving rod 43. After the position of the pressing rod 45 is determined, the moving rod 43 can be reinforced outside the flange pipe 2. The surface of the movable plate 47 is abutted against the bottom wall of the flange pipe 2, and then the screw pin 46 is passed through the interior of the movable plate 47 until it extends into the interior of the moving rod 43. Thus, the movable plate 47 closely adheres to the bottom wall of the flange pipe 2.

[0038] The adjusting component includes a screw rod 18 rotatably inserted through the inner side of the first sliding seat 10. One end of the screw rod 18 penetrates the outside of the first sliding seat 10 and a rotating wheel is installed at the end. The screw rod 18 is in threaded cooperation with the second sliding seat 17. The side of the second sliding seat 17 away from the screw rod 18 is slidably engaged with the outside of the first sliding seat 10. By rotating the rotating wheel, the screw rod 18 can be driven to rotate. Thus, the second sliding seat 17 can move up and down outside the first sliding seat 10.

[0039] The pushing mechanism includes a first air cylinder 11 fixedly installed at one end of the second sliding seat 17. A sliding table 19 is fixedly installed at the telescopic end of the first air cylinder 11. Guide rails 9 adapted to the sliding of the sliding table 19 are symmetrically installed on the outside of the second sliding seat 17. By means of the provided first air cylinder 11, the sliding table 19 can be driven to slide outside the two guide rails 9, thereby adjusting the position of the welding mechanism.

[0040] The welding mechanism includes a limiting rod 20 fixedly installed on one side surface of the sliding table 19. A slider 21 is slidably installed on the outside of the limiting rod 20. A plurality of groups of limiting holes 23 are formed on one side surface of the limiting rod 20. A limiting pin 22 is threadedly inserted through the inner side of the slider 21. The limiting pin 22 correspondingly extends into the interior of one of the groups of limiting holes 23. The cooperation between the limiting pin 22 and the limiting holes 23 can position the slider 21 after the position is determined, reducing the burden on the second air cylinder 36.

[0041] A rod base 35 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the slider 21. A second cylinder 36 is fixedly installed inside the rod base 35. A connecting seat 34 is fixedly installed at the telescopic end of the second cylinder 36. A welding device 33 is installed on the outside of the connecting seat 34. A welding head 41 is installed at the port of the welding device 33. The second cylinder 36 can drive the connecting seat 34 and the welding device 33 to move up and down, so as to cooperate with the arc surface of the welded flange pipe 2. Card seats 40 are fixedly installed on both sides of the connecting seat 34. Cooling air pumps 39 are installed inside the two groups of card seats 40. Connecting pipes 38 are connected and installed at the ports of the two cooling air pumps 39. Nozzles are connected and installed at the ends of the two connecting pipes 38 away from the cooling air pumps 39. The cooling air pumps 39 can cause cooling airflows to be ejected from the nozzles through the transportation of the connecting pipes 38, so as to cool the welded area. On the one hand, the temperature of the welding head 41 is reduced, and on the other hand, the welded area can be quickly formed. An arc-shaped rod 37 is commonly installed outside the two nozzles. The outside of the arc-shaped rod 37 is connected to the welding head 41 through a fixing sleeve on the bushing 42. The nozzles can be installed outside the welding head 41 through the provided bushing 42 and arc-shaped rod 37.

[0042] Working principle: When in use, the moving frame 12 moves to one side of the tank body 1. The driving moving seat 3 and the L-shaped frame 4 move upward through the drive of the lifting mechanism. Then, after corresponding to the position of the flange pipe 2, the cylinder base 44 is placed inside the flange pipe 2 from above. The worker presses the abutting rods 45 at both ends against the inner wall of the flange pipe 2, then pulls out the moving rod 43, and then rotates the movable plate 47 so that the surface of the movable plate 47 abuts against the bottom wall of the flange seat. Then, the pin 46 is screwed in to position the flange pipe 2. After determining the axial position of the flange pipe 2, the motor 5 drives the second gear 15 at the output end to rotate, and the corresponding meshing first gear 6 will drive the mounting cylinder 7 to rotate. The mounting cylinder 7 rotates above the outside of the fixed shaft 8, and the corresponding socket 24 will drive the overall structure of the slide bar 25, the first slide seat 10, and the second slide seat 17 to rotate synchronously. During the rotation process, the roller 28 rolls and contacts the surface of the arc-shaped guide wheel 27. Through this arc, the irregular weld of the flange seat can start to be welded. During the welding process, if the welding head 41 deviates, it is adjusted through the adjustment component and the pushing component. Through this method, the difficulty of automatic welding of the welding head 41 not on the same plane can be solved, and more flange pipes 2 with different diameters can be positioned, making it more convenient and efficient when the flange pipe 2 is welded to the tank body 1. During the welding process, the nozzles at both ends of the arc-shaped rod 37 at the welding head 41 can blow air at the welded area, so as to reduce the high-temperature loss at the connection between the tank body 1 and the flange pipe 2.

[0043] The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. What is described in the above embodiments and the specification is only the principle of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements will occur to the present invention, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention claimed. The scope of protection required by the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A flange profiling welding device, comprising: A tank body (1) and a moving frame (12), characterized in that: a flange pipe (2) is arranged above the inner side of the tank body (1), the upper surface of the moving frame (12) is connected with a moving seat (3) through a lifting mechanism arranged thereon, an L-shaped frame (4) is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the moving seat (3), the upper surface of the L-shaped frame (4) is connected with a first gear (6) through a rotating and meshing assembly arranged thereon, an installation cylinder (7) is fixedly clamped inside the first gear (6), a fixed shaft (8) is arranged below the inner side of the installation cylinder (7), the top end of the fixed shaft (8) is connected with the top wall of the L-shaped frame (4), the installation cylinder (7) and the fixed shaft (8) are rotationally matched with each other, a positioning assembly is arranged below the outer side of the fixed shaft (8), a sleeve seat (24) is fixedly installed on one outer wall of the installation cylinder (7), a sliding rod (25) is slidably inserted inside the sleeve seat (24), a mounting seat (26) is fixedly connected below the outer side of the sliding rod (25), a first sliding seat (10) is fixedly installed on one side of the mounting seat (26), a second sliding seat (17) is connected inside the first sliding seat (10) through an adjusting assembly arranged thereon, a sliding table (19) is connected to one side of the second sliding seat (17) through a pushing mechanism arranged thereon, and a welding mechanism is arranged on one side of the sliding table (19); The lifting mechanism includes hydraulic cylinders (14) respectively installed on the upper surfaces of both sides of the moving frame (12), the telescopic ends of the two hydraulic cylinders (14) are connected with the bottom of the moving seat (3), a battery (13) is arranged on the upper surface of one side of the moving frame (12), a guide rod (16) is vertically installed on the upper surface of the moving frame (12) and on one side of the battery (13), and the moving seat (3) is slidably matched with the guide rod (16); The rotating and meshing assembly includes a motor (5) fixedly installed on the upper surface of the L-shaped frame (4), a second gear (15) is sleeved on the output shaft of the motor (5), and the second gear (15) is meshed with the first gear (6); The positioning assembly includes a cylinder seat (44) fixedly sleeved below the outer side of the fixed shaft (8), the cylinder seat (44) extends into the inside of the flange pipe (2), a clamping rod (32) is fixedly installed at the end of the fixed shaft (8), two ends of the clamping rod (32) and inside the cylinder seat (44) are both slidably installed with abutting rods (45), a moving rod (43) is slidably installed above the inner side of the abutting rod (45), a pressing assembly is arranged below the outer side of the moving rod (43), a guide wheel (27) is fixedly sleeved above the outer side of the fixed shaft (8), the outer surface of the guide wheel (27) is arc-shaped, a rotating ring (29) is rotatably installed in the middle of the outer side of the guide wheel (27), and a fixed sleeve (30) is fixedly connected to one side of the rotating ring (29); The pressing assembly includes a movable plate (47) rotatably installed below the outer side of the moving rod (43), a screw pin (46) is threadedly inserted below the inner side of the movable plate (47), the upper surface of the movable plate (47) abuts against the bottom of the upper end of the flange pipe (2), and one end of the screw pin (46) extends into the inside of the moving rod (43) above; The welding mechanism includes a limit rod (20) fixedly installed on one side surface of the sliding table (19). A slider (21) is slidably installed on the outer side of the limit rod (20). A plurality of limit holes (23) are formed on one side surface of the limit rod (20). A limit pin (22) is screwed through the inner side of the slider (21), and the limit pin (22) correspondingly extends into the interior of one group of the limit holes (23). A sleeve rod (31) is fixedly installed at the rear end of the mounting seat (26) away from the first sliding seat (10). A roller (28) is installed on the outer side of the sleeve rod (31). The roller (28) is in rolling contact with the upper surface of the guide wheel (27). The lower end of the sleeve rod (31) is in sliding fit with the fixed sleeve (30).

2. The flange profiling welding device according to claim 1, wherein: The adjusting assembly includes a screw rod (18) rotatably inserted into the inner side of the first sliding seat (10). One end of the screw rod (18) penetrates through the outer side of the first sliding seat (10) and a rotating wheel is installed at the end. The screw rod (18) is in threaded cooperation with the second sliding seat (17). The side of the second sliding seat (17) away from the screw rod (18) is in sliding fit with the outside of the first sliding seat (10).

3. The flange profiling welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pushing mechanism includes a first cylinder (11) fixedly installed at one end of the second sliding seat (17). A sliding table (19) is fixedly installed at the telescopic end of the first cylinder (11). Rails (9) adapted to the sliding of the sliding table (19) are symmetrically installed on the outer side of the second sliding seat (17).

4. The flange profiling welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A rod seat (35) is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the slider (21). A second cylinder (36) is fixedly installed inside the rod seat (35). A connecting seat (34) is fixedly installed at the telescopic end of the second cylinder (36). A welding device (33) is installed on the outer side of the connecting seat (34). A welding head (41) is installed at the port of the welding device (33). Clamping seats (40) are fixedly installed on both sides of the connecting seat (34). Cooling air pumps (39) are installed inside the two clamping seats (40). Connecting pipes (38) are connected and installed at the ports of the two cooling air pumps (39). Nozzles are connected and installed at the ends of the two connecting pipes (38) away from the cooling air pumps (39). An arc-shaped rod (37) is commonly installed outside the two nozzles. A bushing (42) is sleeved outside the welding head (41). One side of the arc-shaped rod (37) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the bushing (42).

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