Device for monitoring quantum computer

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for monitoring a quantum computer. The device comprises a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), and the quantum computer (QC) comprises an internal clock (ICLK), and the quantum computer (QC) is connected and / or connectable to the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) in particular via a data bus (DB) or a dedicated signal line for monitoring the quantum computer (QC), and the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) is connected and / or connectable to the internal clock (ICLK) for monitoring a system clock of the quantum computer (QC), and / or the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) comprises means for checking a quantum computer program stream of a quantum computer program of the quantum computer (QC), and / or the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) comprises means for checking the correctness of the function of the quantum computer (QC), and / or the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) comprises means for checking the correct execution of the manipulation of the quantum bits (QUB) of the quantum computer (QC).

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of a patent application with application number 202280029033.1, whose application date is April 21, 2022 and invention name is “Device and method for monitoring a running quantum computer”. Technical Field

[0002] The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for monitoring a quantum computer in operation. The focus here is on quantum computers based on paramagnetic centers. Paramagnetic centers in diamond are particularly preferred. One or more of the paramagnetic centers are particularly preferably one or more of the following centers in diamond: NV, SiV, TiV, GeV, SnV, NiN4, PbV, ST1, L1. In the present application, the focus is on quantum computers based on NV centers in diamond. Those skilled in the art can regard any combination of the above paramagnetic centers as a possible implementation. In this regard, the present application refers to the document WO 2021 083448A1, for example. To the extent permitted by the laws of the countries entered by the present application in the national phase, the technical implications of WO 2021 083 448A1 are fully included in the disclosure of the present application. Background Art

[0003] General Introduction

[0004] When discussing the potential applications of quantum computers, the question that often arises is whether quantum computers can be used in such a way that they actually always reliably provide the expected results. In principle, quantum computers are systems that only provide predetermined results with a certain probability. In this regard, quantum computers already vary significantly in their basic reliability.

[0005] However, this is not about error correction in quantum computers. Rather, it is about the safety integrity level (SIL)-compliant prevention of unauthorized and even potentially dangerous states of systems controlled by quantum computers. For this purpose, it must be possible to identify errors that may occur during operation in quantum systems. Systems controlled by such quantum computers must be prevented from entering unsafe states.

[0006] Prior art

[0007] This application refers to international patent application WO 2021 083 448A1, which was not yet published when patent application DE 102021 110 964.7 was filed on April 28, 2021 as the priority document of this application. To the extent permitted by the laws of the countries entered by this application in the national phase, the technical teachings of WO 2021 083 448A1 are fully included in the disclosure of this application. Summary of the invention

[0008] Task

[0009] Therefore, the object of the present application is to provide a solution which does not have the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art and has other advantages.

[0010] This object is achieved by the device and the method of the independent claims. Further embodiments are subject matter of the dependent claims.

[0011] Solution to the task

[0012] The technical teaching of the present application proposes a quantum computer system (QUSYS) having a quantum computer (QC) and a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV). Preferably, the quantum computer (QC) comprises a plurality of quantum dots and a first device. Preferably, the first device can manipulate one or more quantum dots of the quantum computer (QC) and thus change their quantum state. In the sense of the present application, the quantum dots can be, for example, paramagnetic centers, such as NV centers in diamond and / or nuclear spins, such as 12 C in diamond matrix 13 C isotope. In this regard, the present application, for example, refers to document WO 2021 083 448A1. To the extent permitted by the laws of the country entered by the present application in the national phase, the technical enlightenment of WO 2021 083 448A1 is fully included in the disclosure of the present application. However, in the sense of the present application, nuclear quantum dots (nuclear qubits) are explicitly included in the term quantum dots. The first device can couple multiple quantum dots of a quantum computer, at least as a subset of multiple quantum dots of a quantum computer (QC), and especially entangle them with each other. The quantum computer (QC) executes a quantum computer program with a quantum computer program flow. Preferably, the quantum computer (QC) includes a control computer (μC) with a memory (MEM). Typically, the control computer (μC) forms a von Neumann architecture or a Harvard architecture together with the memory. Preferably, the control computer (μC) can control the first device of the quantum computer (QC). Preferably, the quantum computer program is a sequence of quantum computer code instructions for the control computer (μC), wherein the quantum computer program code encodes one or more operations of the control computer (μC) individually or individually, or represents the one or more operations. Here, at least one quantum computer program code represents a quantum operation. Typically, a plurality of different quantum computer codes represent a plurality of different quantum operations. Typically, a plurality of other quantum computer program codes represent operations of the control computer (μC) that are non-quantum computer operations. The quantum computer program code collection in the memory (MEM) of the control computer (μC) of the quantum computer forms the quantum computer program of the quantum computer (QC).

[0013] Preferably, the first device of the quantum computer (QC) is adapted to establish and / or manipulate a superposition of quantum states of one or more quantum bits of the quantum computer (QC).

[0014] Preferably, the first device of the quantum computer (QC) is adapted to set a predetermined quantum state of one or more quantum bits of the quantum computer (QC).

[0015] Preferably, the first device of the quantum computer (QC) is adapted to set a predetermined superposition of a plurality of predetermined quantum states of one or more quantum bits of the quantum computer (QC).

[0016] Preferably, the first device of the quantum computer (QC) is adapted to set a predetermined entanglement of a plurality of predetermined quantum states of one or more qubits of the quantum computer (QC).

[0017] The quantum computer (QC) preferably has a second device for determining and / or reading out the quantum state of one or more quantum bits of the quantum computer (QC).

[0018] Preferably, the qubit comprises a paramagnetic center in diamond. Preferably, these paramagnetic centers include NV centers and / or SiV centers and / or TR1 centers and / or L1 centers and / or TiV centers and / or GeV centers and / or SnV centers and / or NiN4 centers and / or PbV centers and / or ST1 centers, etc. NV centers are particularly suitable here.

[0019] Preferably, the quantum bit comprises a nuclear quantum bit, and the nuclear quantum bit comprises an isotope having a magnetic moment. In this regard, the present application refers to the document WO 2021 083 448A1, for example. To the extent permitted by the laws of the countries entered in the national phase of the present application, the technical teachings of WO 2021 083 448A1 are fully included in the disclosure of the present application. For example, the nuclear quantum dot can be a diamond material. 13 C isotopes and / or 14 N isotopes and / or 15 N isotope.

[0020] Preferably, the first device includes one or more electrical circuits that can manipulate the quantum state of the quantum bit by a magnetic field, an electric field and / or an electromagnetic field. Preferably, the first device also includes a device for driving these circuits. For example, the first device may include an AWG generator. In this regard, the present application, for example, refers to the document WO 2021 083 448A1. To the extent permitted by the laws of the country entered by the present application in the national phase, the technical enlightenment of WO 2021 083 448A1 is fully included in the disclosure of the present application.

[0021] Preferably, a control computer (μC) of a quantum computer (QC) controls the first device.

[0022] In this regard, the present application refers to document WO 2021 083 448A1, for example. To the extent permitted by the laws of the countries where the present application enters the national phase, the technical teachings of WO 2021 083 448A1 are fully included in the disclosure of the present application.

[0023] In the sense of the present application, a quantum computer program comprises at least one command and / or a sequence of commands for a control computer (μC), which command and / or this sequence of commands is in the form of a quantum computer program code and causes the control computer (μC) of the quantum computer (QC):

[0024] Manipulating at least one qubit and / or a plurality of qubits in a predetermined manner by means of a first device, and / or

[0025] Setting a predetermined state of one or more qubits by means of a first device, and / or

[0026] Setting, by means of a first device, a predetermined superposition of one or more quantum states of one or more quantum bits of a quantum computer (QC), and / or

[0027] manipulating, by means of a first device, a predetermined superposition of one or more quantum states of at least one qubit and / or a plurality of qubits in a predetermined manner, and / or

[0028] • Reading out the quantum state of one or more qubits by a second device.

[0029] In the sense of the present application, such commands or command sequences of a control computer (μC) of a quantum computer (QC) represent quantum operations. Preferably, the quantum computer program code represents quantum operations or operations of the control computer (μC).

[0030] In the sense of the present application, a quantum computer program comprises at least one quantum operation. Thus, in the sense of the present application, a quantum computer program has at least one command which, when executed by a control computer (μC) of a quantum computer (QC), ultimately causes a first device (M1) to manipulate at least one of a plurality of quantum bits of the quantum computer (QC) and / or causes a second device (M2) to read out at least one of a plurality of quantum bits of the quantum computer (QC).

[0031] Interpreter operation of quantum computers

[0032] In the sense of easy handling, it is also conceivable that the control computer (μC) interprets the text file with the source code. The text file represents the user program and can usually be edited directly on the screen with a simple editor in the data processing system.

[0033] In this case, the text file of the user program is preferably stored in the memory (MEM) of the quantum computer (μC). Preferably, the symbols of the text file of the user program are stored in the memory (MEM) of the quantum computer in an ordered, preferably sequential order. If the memory (MEM) of the quantum computer (QC) cannot completely accommodate the text file, the control computer (μC) preferably loads the required components of the text file of the user program from a large-capacity memory (e.g., a hard disk, etc.) via a data interface. For example, the data interface can be a data bus (DB). The large-capacity memory is preferably connected to the data bus (DB). If, for example, the large-capacity memory is occupied by other quantum computer system components due to the occupation of the data bus, the control computer (μC) waits for reloading until the data bus is free again. If the quantum computer (QC) has a DMA interface for directly reloading the data of the quantum computer program with quantum computer program code or text symbols for the interpreter, this process can be accelerated. In this case, the control computer (μC) does not have to wait, since the DMA interface, for example, reloads data from the mass storage device into the memory (MEM) of the quantum computer (QC) or, conversely, stores data from the memory (MEM) of the quantum computer (QC) back into the mass storage device when requested by the control computer (μC).

[0034] Preferably, the text file of the user program includes a symbol chain. The symbols in the symbol chain may include symbols for letters, special characters, spaces and control characters (eg, line breaks, etc.).

[0035] In the case of an interpreter, the control computer runs a basic program, which is stored in the memory (MEM) of the quantum computer (QC) in the form of a quantum computer program code for execution by the control computer (μC). Preferably, these symbols are organized into words consisting of a plurality of consecutive symbols in a text file and subsequently also in the memory (MEM) of the quantum computer (QC), which preferably produce human-readable text when displayed on a screen. Some symbol chains of words preferably represent individual quantum computer program codes and / or quantum computer program code sequences. Preferably, the basic program in the memory (MEM) of the quantum computer (QC) specifies which quantum computer program codes and / or which quantum computer program code sequences the corresponding symbol chains of the words represent. Here, it is preferably encoded to specify which specific symbol chain corresponds to which quantum computer program code or which quantum computer program code sequence. Therefore, a symbol chain can also represent a subroutine of a quantum computer program.

[0036] If the control computer (μC) finds a symbol string corresponding to one of the predefined symbol strings in the memory by executing the basic program in the information of the text file when analyzing the information of the text file in its memory (MEM), the control computer associates a quantum computer program code or a quantum computer program code sequence or a quantum computer subroutine with the symbol string by running the basic program, and runs the associated quantum computer program code or a quantum computer program code sequence or a quantum computer subroutine. Here, the memory (MEM) of the quantum computer preferably stores information about which quantum computer program code or which quantum computer program code sequence or which quantum computer subroutine is associated with the symbol string. When analyzing the symbol string, the control computer (μC) preferably accesses the symbol string to identify the quantum computer program code to be executed or the quantum computer program code sequence to be executed or the quantum computer subroutine to be executed. Therefore, strictly speaking, the control computer (μC) of the quantum computer (QC) executes the quantum computer program code in the memory (MEM) of the quantum computer (QC). Here, the memory (MEM) may include the command sequence representing the quantum operation. Thus, if a control computer (μC) (which in the sense of the present application is part of a quantum computer (QC)) runs such a quantum computer program code of a command sequence of a quantum operation, the quantum computer as a whole performs this quantum operation. Thus, in this sense, the execution of a quantum operation in the sense of the present application is the execution of a command of a quantum computer program code in a memory (MEM) of a quantum computer (QC) or the running of a command sequence of a quantum computer program code in a memory (MEM) of a quantum computer (QC) by the control computer (μC) of the quantum computer, which command or command sequence corresponds to such a said command or such a said command sequence of the control computer (μC) of the quantum computer (QC) and includes the modification or reading out of at least one quantum bit of the quantum computer in any way.

[0037] In the sense of the present application, a quantum computer calculation is a quantum computer program or a quantum computer program part which comprises at least one quantum computer program code for at least one quantum operation or at least one sequence of quantum operations.

[0038] In the sense of the present application, the quantum computer program flow is the expected time sequence of the control computer (μC) of the quantum computer (QC) processing the quantum computer program code. Here, the quantum computer program code in the form of quantum computer code is preferably located in the memory (MEM) of the control computer (μC) of the quantum computer (QC). Here, the quantum computer code is preferably composed of one or more data bits, which together symbolize at least one predetermined manipulation of one or more predetermined quantum bits. Here, the quantum computer program code can also represent the conventional operation code of the control computer (μC). For example, the control computer (μC) can be an ARM processor. Here, the quantum computer program can have a quantum computer program flow with loops and branches. As mentioned above, the quantum computer program can also exist in a readable form and can be interpreted by the control computer (μC) during operation. Therefore, in the sense of the present application, a symbol string representing a quantum computer code and / or a quantum computer code sequence and / or a quantum computer subroutine can also be part of the quantum computer program. Therefore, it is ultimately unimportant how the control computer (μC) obtains information about the quantum computer code to be executed. It is only important that the control computer obtains the necessary information about which quantum computer code to be executed next at the right time. In the sense of the present application, such a command list is a quantum computer program. Thus, the quantum computer program can be present in a memory (MEM) of a quantum computer (QC) in binary encoding and / or as interpretable plain text data.

[0039] In many cases, it is useful that a branching operation in a quantum computer program flow depends on the readout state of one or more qubits of the quantum computer (QC) at a certain point in time during execution of the quantum computer program by the control computer (μC) and / or at the branching point in time.

[0040] In many cases, it is useful that the execution of a quantum computer program loop in a quantum computer program flow depends on the readout state of one or more qubits of the quantum computer (QC) at a certain point in time during execution of the quantum computer program by the control computer (μC) and / or at a return point in time and / or at the start of a quantum computer program loop and / or at the start of a quantum computer program loop and / or within a quantum computer program loop.

[0041] The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) monitors the correct quantum computer program flow of the quantum computer program of the quantum computer (QC). For example, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can monitor not only the quantum computer program flow, but also the value and / or value progress of one or more of the following operating parameters:

[0042] the value of the operating voltage of the operating voltage line (VDD) of the quantum computer system (QUSYS) relative to the reference potential (GND),

[0043] the value of the current consumption (IDD) of the quantum computer system (QUSYS) associated with the operating voltage line (VDD),

[0044] the value of the operating voltage of the operating voltage line (VDD) of the quantum computer (QC) relative to the reference potential (GND), and / or

[0045] the value of the current consumption (IDD) of the quantum computer (QC) associated with this operating voltage,

[0046] the value of the operating voltage of the operating voltage line (VDD) of the control computer (μC) of the quantum computer (QC) relative to the reference potential (GND), and / or

[0047] the value of the current consumption (IDD) of the control computer (μC) of the quantum computer (QC) in relation to the operating voltage,

[0048] the value of the operating voltage of the operating voltage line (VDD) of the first device for manipulating a qubit of the quantum computer (QC) relative to the reference potential (GND), and / or

[0049] a value of the current consumption (IDD) of a first device for manipulating a qubit of a quantum computer (QC) associated with the operating voltage,

[0050] the value of the operating voltage of the operating voltage line (VDD) of the second means for reading out the state of the quantum bits of the quantum computer (QC) relative to the reference potential (GND), and / or

[0051] a value of the current consumption (IDD) of a second device for reading out the state of a qubit of a quantum computer (QC) associated with the operating voltage,

[0052] the value of an operating voltage of another device component of the quantum computer (QC), such as a measuring device for detecting a magnetic flux density at a qubit location or in the vicinity of a qubit of the quantum computer (QC), relative to a reference potential (GND), and / or

[0053] the value of the current consumption of such device components of a quantum computer (QC) in relation to the operating voltage,

[0054] The processor clock (QCCLK) of the control computer (μC) of the quantum computer (QC),

[0055] The frequency value of the processor clock (QCCLK) of the control computer (μC),

[0056] the light output of a light source (LED) of a quantum computer (QC) for irradiating a quantum bit (QUB) of the quantum computer (QC) with radiation,

[0057] the electromagnetic radiation detection capability of a photodetector, which photodetector may for example be part of said second means for reading out the state of one or more qubits of a quantum computer (QC),

[0058] the intended correct generation of electromagnetic fields, in particular microwave fields and / or radio wave fields, of a device, in particular said first means (M1), of a quantum computer (QC) for manipulating one or more quantum bits (QUB),

[0059] the complex conductivity and / or the real conductivity and / or the imaginary conductivity of a circuit which is part of a device (in particular said first means (M1)) for manipulating one or more quantum bits (QUB) of a quantum computer (QC),

[0060] • The expected correct functioning of a second device (M2) for reading out the quantum state of a quantum bit (QUB) of a quantum computer (QC).

[0061] According to the present application, a quantum computer (QC) performs a predetermined quantum computer calculation by manipulating at least one quantum bit (QUB) of the quantum computer (QC) using at least one quantum operation within a predetermined time period before each predetermined time point (tv). Here, the quantum computer calculation comprises one or more quantum operations, which the quantum computer (QC) preferably performs in an expected manner according to an expected quantum computer program flow. The results of these predetermined quantum computer calculations of the quantum computer (QC) are predetermined quantum computer calculation results calculated by the quantum computer (QC).

[0062] According to the present application, the quantum computer (QC) controls the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) after these predetermined time points (tv). To this end, the control computer (μC) preferably sends a message to the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) via a data bus (DB) or other signal notification device. The content and time point of the message sent from the quantum computer (QC) to the quantum computer monitoring device are not arbitrary. Unlike the prior art, when monitoring a quantum computer, the result of the quantum computer calculation cannot be accurately determined in advance in many cases, because such a quantum computer calculation result in a quantum bit may be in the form of a superposition of multiple possible quantum states superimposed in the quantum bit. If the control computer now reads out the state of the quantum bit, it only receives one possible quantum computer calculation result among multiple quantum computer calculation results. If the quantum computer calculation performed is a superposition of multiple such quantum computer calculation results as an allowed quantum computer calculation result, then a single calculation of the quantum computer calculation result is usually not enough to infer that the quantum computer is running correctly. Instead, the quantum computer computing device (QUV) causes the quantum computer (QC) to perform a predetermined quantum computer calculation multiple times, and compares the corresponding frequency of the expected quantum computer calculation result with the corresponding expected value of the quantum computer calculation result actually transmitted from the quantum computer (QC) to the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV). If the corresponding frequency of the quantum computer calculation result actually transmitted from the quantum computer (QC) to the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) deviates from the corresponding expected value of the corresponding frequency of the expected quantum computer calculation result by more than one or more corresponding expected value deviation tolerances, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can infer that the quantum computer (QC) has an error.

[0063] In order to keep the complexity low, it is useful that such quantum computer calculations for verifying the correct functioning of the qubits of the quantum computer (QC) manipulate only a few qubits of the quantum computer (QC), preferably only one qubit of the quantum computer (QC).

[0064] In order to keep the complexity low, it is useful that such quantum computer calculations for checking the correct functioning of the couplings of the qubits of the quantum computer (QC) manipulate only a small number of couplings of a small number of the qubits of the quantum computer (QC), preferably only one coupling between two qubits of the quantum computer (QC). For example, such quantum computer calculations may check the correct entanglement between two qubits of the quantum computer (QC).

[0065] Here, the quantum computer must inform the quantum computer monitoring device of the expected quantum computer calculation result within a preferably predetermined time window. It can also be a self-test result of the quantum computer (QC). In the sense of the present application, a self-test result is usually a quantum computer calculation result.

[0066] If the quantum computer does not send the expected or allowed quantum computer calculation results to the quantum computer monitoring device in a timely manner (i.e., not within the expected time window), the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) infers that the quantum computer (QC) is in an error or defect state. Then, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) preferably performs one or more countermeasures. In this case, the countermeasures may be, for example, to perform a predetermined quantum computer calculation to test the quantum computer (QC), and / or shut down the relevant quantum computer (QC), and / or replace the quantum computer (QC) with a quantum computer simulation device to ensure emergency operation, and / or send a signal to the superior unit and / or the user to notify the error, and / or put the quantum computer system into an emergency operation state, etc. These measures prevent the quantum computer system or the system affected or controlled by the quantum computer system from entering an undefined or dangerous state.

[0067] In particular, the quantum computer monitoring device can check the rationality of the quantum computer monitoring results. For example, a predetermined specific quantum computer calculation result can be excluded from the beginning. For example, it is conceivable that the quantum computer system is part of the upper-level system and affects or controls the upper-level system. In the possible quantum computer calculation result set that can be transmitted to the upper-level system when any type of failure occurs in the quantum computer (QC), for example, there can also be foreseeable quantum computer calculation results that will make the upper-level system inoperable or damaged or in an unsafe or dangerous state. Preferably, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) prevents these erroneous quantum computer calculation results from being transmitted to the upper-level system. In this case, for example, in the interaction with the central control device (ZSE) of the upper-level system, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) preferably replaces the quantum computer calculation result with a predetermined replacement value and sends a signal to notify the error of the original quantum computer calculation result. Therefore, the upper-level system can identify the error and take countermeasures.

[0068] For example, the countermeasures of the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can perform a reset (reset function) of the quantum computer (QC) to reset it to the quantum computer program start point (QPS) or another predetermined quantum computer program point (QPV), etc.

[0069] Preferably, the quantum computer system and / or the quantum computer (QC) comprises a data bus (DB). Preferably, the DMA interface of the control computer (μC) and / or the quantum computer (QC) is connected to the data bus (DB). For example, an external mass storage device such as a hard disk can be connected to the data bus (DB). Preferably, the data bus (DB) connects the quantum computer (QC), in particular the control computer (μC) of the quantum computer, to the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV). The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can be part of the quantum computer (QC). However, preferably, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) is always part of the quantum computer system (QUSYS). The control computer (μC) of the quantum computer (QC) and therefore the quantum computer (QC) can transmit program data and / or quantum program code and / or information and / or quantum computer calculation results to the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) via the data bus (DB). The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can transmit information and / or requests and / or quantum computer program codes and / or program data via a data bus (DB) to the quantum computer (QC) or a control computer (μC) of the quantum computer (QC).

[0070] The running time of the control computer (μC) of the quantum computer (QC) and therefore of the quantum computer program executed by the quantum computer (QC) must be short so that the coherence of the quantum bits of the quantum computer (QC) is not lost during this time. Therefore, the processing of the quantum computer program by the control computer (μC) usually ends before this occurs. In the following, such a time period is referred to as a quantum computer program segment.

[0071] After executing a quantum computer program segment, the control computer (μC) of the quantum computer (QC) must reinitialize the quantum bits of the quantum computer (QC) through the first device at the beginning of the next quantum computer program segment and put them into a predetermined quantum state superposition. To this end, the control computer (μC) reads out the state of the relevant quantum bits of the quantum computer (QC) through the second device at the end of the previous quantum computer program segment. Since this readout always only provides one state of the quantum state of the quantum bits that are being superimposed at the end of the previous quantum computer program segment, the control computer preferably executes the previous quantum computer program segment multiple times so that the state can be counted and the superposition type at the end of the previous quantum computer program segment can be determined. Then, the control computer (μC) preferably initializes the superposition of quantum states through the first device at the beginning of the quantum computer program segment after the previous quantum computer program segment, so that there is still enough time for subsequent quantum computer calculations. This periodic processing of the quantum computer program by the quantum computer provides the possibility of inserting a quantum computer test program segment between a previous quantum computer program segment and a subsequent quantum computer program segment, in which quantum computer test program segment the quantum computer (QC) performs quantum computer calculations that are notified to the quantum computer as tasks and / or commands and / or requests by a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV).

[0072] In this case, the result of the quantum computer calculation is preferably predetermined in the quantum computer test program segment. However, in contrast to the prior art, the result is not deterministic due to the quantum computer. Instead, if necessary, a plurality of quantum states in the quantum bits of the quantum computer (QC) can be the result of such a quantum computer calculation for test purposes.

[0073] Here, if the quantum computer (QC) executes the quantum computer test program segment multiple times, only the frequency distribution of the readout of different results is deterministic. Therefore, if the same quantum calculation is to be performed multiple times in multiple quantum computer test program segments, the control computer (μC) of the quantum computer (QC) preferably transmits the individual quantum computer calculation results to the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV). Therefore, the quantum computer monitoring device does not check the results of individual quantum computer calculations, but checks the statistical distribution of the quantum computer calculation results. Here, the quantum computer monitoring device preferably does not check all quantum bits, but only always checks a subset of the quantum bits of the quantum computer (QC) and / or checks a subset of the couplings between multiple but at least two quantum bits of the quantum computer (QC) in the set of all couplings between the quantum bits of the quantum computer (QC) to limit the amount of storage space physically required in the memory of the quantum computer monitoring device.

[0074] Once the first subset of the qubits of the quantum computer (QC) has been checked in this way, the quantum monitoring device (QUV) preferably checks a second subset of the qubits of the quantum computer (QC) in this way. Preferably, but not necessarily, the first subset of the qubits of the quantum computer (QC) and the second subset of the qubits of the quantum computer (QC) have a non-empty intersection.

[0075] Once the first coupling subset between multiple but at least two qubits of the quantum computer (QC) among the set of all couplings between qubits of the quantum computer (QC) is checked in this way, the quantum monitoring device (QUV) preferably checks the second coupling subset between multiple but at least two qubits of the quantum computer (QC) among the set of all couplings between qubits of the quantum computer (QC) in this way. Preferably, but not necessarily, the first coupling subset between multiple but at least two qubits of the quantum computer (QC) among the set of all couplings between qubits of the quantum computer (QC) and the second coupling subset between multiple but at least two qubits of the quantum computer (QC) among the set of all couplings between qubits of the quantum computer (QC) have a non-empty intersection.

[0076] The execution of the quantum computer test program segment and the quantum computer program segment shall not take up any amount of time. If the execution time is too long, an error that can be identified by the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) will occur. Therefore, after the quantum computer monitoring device sets the task of quantum computer calculation to be performed to the quantum computer (QC), the quantum computer monitoring device expects that the quantum computer (QC) must drive the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) after a predetermined time point (tv) to reset the timer in the quantum computer monitoring device to a starting value. Preferably, when the task is sent to the quantum computer (QC), the timer in the quantum computer monitoring device starts running. If the timer of the quantum computer monitoring device reaches a predetermined critical timer value, the time for the quantum computer (QC) to process the task is too long. In this case, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) starts countermeasures. Preferably, the quantum computer (QC) transmits at least one quantum computer calculation result of the predetermined quantum computer calculation to the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) preferably via a data bus (DB) when driving the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV). Then, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) verifies the quantum computer calculation result of the quantum computer (QC). If the quantum computer calculation results only involve the testing of non-quantum technology functions of other deterministic components of the control computer (μC) and the quantum computer (QC), the quantum computer monitoring device can directly evaluate the quantum computer calculation results. However, if quantum operations are involved, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) will only evaluate and verify through statistical evaluation after receiving multiple quantum computer calculation results for the same quantum computer calculation of the quantum computer (QC) for multiple times. Therefore, the quantum computer monitoring device verifies whether the statistical frequency of multiple quantum computer calculation results corresponds to a predetermined frequency distribution for the same quantum computer calculation performed multiple times. Relative to the total number of quantum computer calculation results as a benchmark, if the relative frequency of the quantum computer calculation results calculated by the quantum computer deviates from the expected frequency of the quantum computer calculation results calculated by the quantum computer by more than a predetermined amount, the quantum computer monitoring device infers that there is an error in the quantum computer. For example, in a quantum computer based on NV centers, this error may occur when the NV center is destroyed due to scattering. Other error mechanisms can also be thought of. The error mechanism also depends on the characteristics of the quantum computer.

[0077] Therefore, when a quantum computer calculation result of the quantum computer (QC) is not within a set of allowed solutions predetermined for the quantum computer calculation result of the quantum computer (QC), the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) infers an error state of the quantum computer (QC).

[0078] Therefore, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) preferably generates statistics for multiple quantum computer calculation results of similar quantum computer calculations of the quantum computer (QC) and infers an error when the quantum computer calculation result of the quantum computer (QC) deviates from the expected quantum computer calculation result of the quantum computer (QC) with a frequency exceeding a predetermined maximum value.

[0079] Therefore, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) preferably has a memory. In the memory of the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), a value corresponding to the maximum value is preferably stored and / or stored, which allows the quantum computer calculation result of the quantum computer (QC) to deviate from the expected quantum computer calculation result of the quantum computer (QC) with the highest frequency. In the event that the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) infers an error, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) signals the occurrence of the error to the quantum computer (QC) or the superordinate system (ZSE). The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can also or alternatively prepare information about the error, for example for the central control unit (ZSE) to query via the data bus (DB).

[0080] Preferably, the quantum computer system (QUSYS) comprises a superordinate system, for example in the form of a central control unit (ZSE). Preferably, the central control unit (ZSE) controls a plurality of quantum computers (QC1 to QC16) via one or more data buses (DB).

[0081] The bus is usually a single common data bus (DB). Preferably, the proposed quantum computer system (QUSYS) has two mutually redundant, preferably common data buses (DB1, DB2). In the event of a failure of one of the at least two common data buses (DB1, DB2), the central control unit can then continue to control the quantum computer.

[0082] Preferably, the quantum computer system (QUSYS) comprises a plurality of quantum computers (QC1, QC2, ..., QC16), which preferably perform the same quantum computer calculation in parallel in time and thus enable the central control unit (ZSE) to correct statistically allowed errors. Preferably, the superordinate system (ZSE) provides at least one quantum computer (QC), preferably all quantum computers (QC1, QC2, ..., QC16), respectively, with a memory having corresponding error counter values, which are associated with the corresponding quantum computer of the plurality of quantum computers.

[0083] When the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) signals that a quantum computer (QC) associated with the error counter value is presumed to have an error, the superordinate system (ZSE) increases the error counter value associated with the quantum computer (QC) by a first error counter increment.

[0084] When the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) sends a signal to notify the quantum computer (QC) associated with the error counter value that the quantum computer calculation result is determined to be correct, the upper system (ZSE) preferably reduces the error counter value associated with the quantum computer (QC) by a second error counter increment.

[0085] In the case where the quantum computing task to be performed by the quantum computer system does not require all quantum computers of the quantum computer system, the superordinate system (ZSE) uses the quantum computers in the quantum computer system that each have the lowest current error counter value associated with the corresponding quantum computer to perform the intended computing task.

[0086] Monitoring tasks can also be performed by the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) instead of the superordinate system (ZSE).

[0087] Subsequently, preferably, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) provides at least one quantum computer (QC), preferably all quantum computers (QC1, QC2, ..., QC16), with a memory having a corresponding error counter value, which is associated with the corresponding quantum computer in the plurality of quantum computers.

[0088] When the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) signals that a quantum computer (QC) associated with an error counter value is presumed to have an error, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) then increases the error counter value associated with the quantum computer (QC) by a first error counter increment.

[0089] When the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) signals to notify the quantum computer (QC) associated with the error counter value that the quantum computer calculation result is determined to be correct, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) then preferably reduces the error counter value associated with the quantum computer (QC) by a second error counter increment.

[0090] The upper system (ZSE) then reads the error count value in the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) and, in the case where the quantum computing task to be performed by the quantum computer system does not require all quantum computers of the quantum computer system, uses the quantum computers in the quantum computer system that have the lowest current error counter value associated with the corresponding quantum computers to perform the intended computing task.

[0091] Preferably, the signaling of the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) has the following effects:

[0092] Reset the quantum computer (QC), and / or

[0093] · bring a quantum computer (QC) into a predetermined state, and / or

[0094] · causing at least one quantum bit (QUB) of a quantum computer (QC) to enter a predetermined state, and / or

[0095] · causing at least one core quantum bit (QUB) of a quantum computer (QC) to enter a predetermined state, and / or

[0096] · causing at least one quantum register (QUREG) of a quantum computer (QC) to enter a predetermined state, and / or

[0097] · causing at least one core quantum register (CQUREG) of a quantum computer (QC) to enter a predetermined state, and / or

[0098] · Bringing at least one core electron quantum register (CEQUREG) of a quantum computer (QC) into a predetermined state.

[0099] Preferably, when the quantum computer is reset, for example, by a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), the quantum computer (CQ) causes its quantum bit (QUB) and / or a portion of its quantum bit (QUB) to become a predetermined superposition quantum state combination. In the case of reset, the quantum computer (CQ) preferably also causes its core quantum bit (CQUB) and / or a portion of its core quantum bit (CQUB) to become a predetermined superposition quantum state combination.

[0100] For example, in the event of a fault that can be detected by the quantum computer (QC) itself or by the control computer (μC) of the quantum computer (QC) itself to trigger a reset function of the quantum computer (QC) that can be triggered by the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), the quantum computer (QC) can specifically perform a targeted error drive of the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) due to the transmission of erroneous quantum computer calculation results. This saves a separate signal line and enables the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) and / or the central control device (ZSE) to recognize this state of the quantum computer (QC).

[0101] Preferably, the quantum computer (QC) can perform error driving within a predetermined and / or predeterminable time period, for example by driving the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) at a frequency exceeding a predetermined and / or predeterminable maximum number of times for the time period, in particular by transmitting erroneous and / or correct quantum computer calculation results.

[0102] Preferably, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) infers an error in the following cases: the quantum computer (QC) transmits the quantum computer calculation result to the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) before a predetermined second time point (t2), wherein the predetermined second time point (t2) is after or equal to the predetermined time point (tv); and / or the quantum computer (QC) transmits the quantum computer calculation result to the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) after a predetermined third time point (t3), wherein the predetermined third time point (t3) is after or equal to the predetermined time point (tv). Here, it is entirely possible that the quantum computer calculation result is correct. However, the wrong submission time indicates that the quantum computer (QC) has an error.

[0103] Preferably, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) signals the quantum computer (QC) before the start of the predetermined time period (Tv) to inform the quantum computer (QC) which or which predetermined quantum computer calculations should be performed. This enables the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) to initialize and correctly determine the statistics of the quantum computer calculation results. Therefore, for a specific quantum computer calculation task, the quantum computer monitoring device measures the statistics of the quantum computer calculation results of the quantum computer (QC) through a specific quantum computer calculation. This enables the quantum computer monitoring device to infer that there are errors in the quantum technology components of the quantum computer (QC) and its driving devices (i.e., the first device and the second device). This is impossible in the prior art. If the deviation of these statistics of the quantum computer calculation results of the quantum computer (QC) from the expected statistics of the quantum computer calculation results of the quantum computer (QC) exceeds the respective predetermined amounts, the quantum computer monitoring device infers that there are errors in the quantum computer.

[0104] A quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) typically signals the quantum computer (QC) the beginning and (possibly) the end or duration of a predetermined time period (Tv).

[0105] The quantum computer (QC) usually monitors itself and / or other components and / or components of the quantum computer system for faults. This may involve, for example, a control computer (μC) of the quantum computer (QC) or a specific self-test device within the quantum computer (QC) testing the control computer and / or the first and second devices between two quantum computer calculations. Such a self-test device of the quantum computer may be a quantum computer monitoring device, which is however associated to exactly one quantum computer and is therefore also considered to be part of the quantum computer in this application.

[0106] A quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) typically monitors itself and / or other components and / or faults in components of a quantum computer system. For example, when monitoring other components, the quantum computer monitoring device may behave similarly to a traditional watchdog circuit.

[0107] In addition, the quantum computer monitoring device itself can be a quantum computer (QC) including at least two quantum bits. This means that multiple quantum computers (QC1 to QC16) can monitor each other.

[0108] Preferably, an exemplary device for monitoring a quantum computer (QC), in particular for a quantum computer system as described above, comprises a quantum computer (QC), a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) and an internal clock (ICLK), which provides a basic clock for operation, in particular for the control computer (μC) of the quantum computer and preferably for all other circuits with conventional logic. Typically, the quantum computer (QC) is connected and / or can be connected to the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) via a data bus (DB) or a dedicated signal line to monitor the quantum computer (QC). The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) is connected and / or can be connected to the internal clock (ICLK) to monitor the system clock of the quantum computer (QC). For example, the clock line in the quantum computer connects the control computer (μC) to the internal clock generator (ICLK) and other device components in the quantum computer that require a clock to work. The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) includes a device for checking the quantum computer program flow of the quantum computer program of the quantum computer (QC). In this case, this can be, for example, a memory storing programs and data for the processor in the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV). These procedures then typically relate to test procedures for performing the test functions described herein. However, the device may also be a quantum bit and associated means for driving and reading out the state of these quantum bits, so that, for example, in the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) itself, the expected result of the quantum computer calculation in the monitored quantum computer (QC) is also calculated and provided for comparison with the quantum computer calculation result of the quantum computer (QC). In this case, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) itself is the quantum computer.

[0109] Therefore, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) preferably also comprises means for checking the correct functioning of the quantum computer (QC). Furthermore, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) comprises means for verifying the correct execution of the manipulation of the quantum bits (QB) of the quantum computer (QC). For example, this may be said processor within the quantum computer monitoring device.

[0110] Furthermore, the quantum computer monitoring device preferably comprises means for monitoring operating parameters of the quantum computer (QC), such as, for example, a magnetic field at the quantum bits of the quantum computer (QC) and / or electromagnetic wave radiation in the region of the quantum bits (QUB) and / or material temperature of the quantum bits (QUB) and / or radiation, in particular ionization and / or electromagnetic radiation. Furthermore, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) preferably comprises means for monitoring the testing of system components of the quantum computer. In the event of at least one error being detected, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) transmits an error message to the quantum computer (QC) and increases, decreases or changes an error counter in a predetermined manner. Here, the counting direction within the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) should generally be the same, so it should preferably only be decreasing or only increasing.

[0111] Preferably, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) comprises a control computer (μCQUV) of the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) itself.

[0112] Typically, a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) transmits a test problem to a quantum computer (QC) via a data bus when verifying a quantum computer program.

[0113] The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) monitors the correctness and / or timing and / or statistical correctness of the response of the quantum computer (QC) received from the quantum computer (QC) via the data bus. This enables the identification of errors such as quantum bit failures. In the sense of the present application, the calculation of the answer to the test problem in the form of a quantum computer calculation generally requires at least one manipulation of the state of the quantum bit and / or at least one quantum operation of the quantum computer (QC). Therefore, this is different from the prior art that is not aware of any quantum operation and related statistical problems.

[0114] Preferably, when monitoring the test of the system component (SYSC), the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) preferably transmits the test command to the quantum computer (QC) via the data bus. Then, the quantum computer (QC) usually sends back the quantum computer calculation result corresponding to the test problem to the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), and the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) monitors the correctness and time and / or statistical correctness of the quantum computer calculation result.

[0115] In case at least one error is identified, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) may, for example, perform the following operations on a device (GR) connected to the quantum computer (QC):

[0116] a) disable its functionality for a predetermined period of time, or

[0117] b) bring it to a safe state, or

[0118] c) prevent the quantum computer from accessing the device (GR), or

[0119] d) Connecting the device (GR) to a quantum computer simulation device without connecting it to a quantum computer.

[0120] This prevents the quantum computer (QC) from bringing a connected system or a system to which the quantum computer belongs into an unsafe state. Preferably, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can here preferably be connected directly to the relevant device (GR).

[0121] If the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) detects at least one other error of the quantum computer (QC) during the disabling of the device (GR) or when it is in a safe state, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) preferably extends the disabling of the device (GR) or the time when the device (GR) is in a safe state.

[0122] If an error counter preferably present in the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) reaches a predetermined value, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) preferably disables the device (GR) or puts the device (GR) in a safe state until the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) is shut down.

[0123] Typically, the device (GR) connectable to the quantum computer (QC) is a vehicle system, a motorcycle system, a flying body system, a floating body aircraft system, or a robot aircraft system, or an aircraft system of an airplane, or a satellite aircraft system, or an aircraft system of a weapon system. In this case, the flying body shall include all types of flying equipment. Here, the floating body shall include all types of floating and submersible equipment, that is, in particular, boats, ships, buoys, torpedoes, mines, jet skis, submarines, etc.

[0124] Here, the flying body should also include all types of flying objects, including but not limited to airplanes, drones, gliders, airships, helicopters, vertical take-off and landing equipment, projectiles, rockets, etc.

[0125] Here, satellites shall include all equipment arranged to operate in outer space and / or low-Earth orbit, that is, unmanned and manned satellites, unmanned and manned spacecraft, space stations, etc.

[0126] The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) disables the device (GR) when turned on and / or puts the device (GR) in a safe state until the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) detects no errors in particular in the above aspects.

[0127] Preferably, the error counter and the individual errors can be read out from the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) by the quantum computer (QC) and / or a superordinate central control unit (ZSE).

[0128] The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) determines the time point of the response and task confirmation of the quantum computer (QC) through at least one internal counter (ICNT) or timer of the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV).

[0129] Typically, a response of a quantum computer (QC) in the sense of the present application, preferably in the form of a result of a quantum computer calculation, depends on at least one manipulation of a quantum bit of the quantum computer.

[0130] For example, the quantum computer system can have a plurality of quantum computers, but preferably at least two quantum computers. In this minimal configuration of the quantum computer system, these are a first quantum computer (QC1) and a second quantum computer (QC2). The first quantum computer (QC1) can signal the second quantum computer (QC2) via at least one signal connection (DB). The signal connection is usually a data bus which connects the control computers (μC) of the quantum computers to one another, for example via corresponding data interfaces of the control computers of the quantum computers.

[0131] In many cases, the signaling is preferably a quantum computer calculation result, which one quantum computer transmits to another quantum computer, for example as a comparison result. In the sense of the present application, a quantum computer calculation result is here a calculation result that a quantum computer (QC) performs using at least one manipulation of a quantum bit of the quantum computer.

[0132] The second quantum computer (QC2) compares the quantum computer calculation result of the first quantum computer (QC1), preferably received via a data bus (DB), with an expected value.

[0133] The expected value itself is typically a quantum computer calculation result of a quantum computer calculation of a second quantum computer (QC2) or another quantum computer. The expected result is typically provided with a tolerance value, which is determined by the second quantum computer (QC2) typically by performing a plurality of identical quantum computer calculations of a plurality of quantum computer calculation results. The second quantum computer (QC2) then typically checks the quantum computer calculation result of the quantum computer (QC1). If the quantum computer calculation result of the first quantum computer (QC1) is not within a predetermined set of allowed solutions of the quantum computer calculation result of the first quantum computer (QC1), the second quantum computer (QC2) concludes that the first quantum computer (QC1) is in an erroneous state.

[0134] Preferably, the second quantum computer (QC2) creates statistics of a plurality of results of similar quantum computer calculations of the first quantum computer (QC1) and infers an error if the quantum computer calculation result of the first quantum computer (QC1) deviates from the expected quantum computer calculation result of the first quantum computer (QC1) with a frequency greater than a predetermined maximum value.

[0135] Preferably, the second quantum computer (QC2) creates a first statistic of a plurality of results of quantum computer calculations of the same type as the first quantum computer (QC), and infers an error if the quantum computer calculation results of the first quantum computer (QC) deviate from a second statistic of a plurality of results of quantum computer calculations of the same type as the second quantum computer (QC2) or another quantum computer with a frequency exceeding a predetermined maximum value.

[0136] If an error is inferred, the second quantum computer (QC2) signals the occurrence of the error to the first quantum computer (QC1) or to the superordinate system (ZSE) and / or stores information about the error, which the superordinate central control device (ZSE) can then read out, for example, usually via a data bus (DB).

[0137] The signalling of the second quantum computer (QC2) may for example reset the first quantum computer (QC1) or put it into a predefined state or into one of a set of predefined states.

[0138] In the case of a reset, the first quantum computer (QC1) preferably has its quantum bits combined in a predetermined superposition quantum state.

[0139] For example, when a fault occurs that can be recognized by the first quantum computer (QC1) itself to trigger a reset function from the second quantum computer (QC2), the first quantum computer (QC1) specifically performs targeted error driving of the second quantum computer (QC2) by transmitting an erroneous quantum computer calculation result of the first quantum computer (QC1) to the second quantum computer (QC2).

[0140] If the first quantum computer (QC1) transmits a quantum computer calculation result of the first quantum computer (QC1) to the second quantum computer (QC2) before a predetermined second time point, which is after or equal to the predetermined time point, the second quantum computer (QC2) infers an error.

[0141] If the first quantum computer (QC1) transmits a quantum computer calculation result of the first quantum computer (QC1) to the second quantum computer (QC2) after a predetermined third time point, which is after or equal to the predetermined time point, the second quantum computer (QC2) infers an error.

[0142] Preferably, the second quantum computer (QC2) signals the first quantum computer (QC1) prior to the start of the predetermined time period to inform the first quantum computer (QC1) which predetermined quantum computer calculation or calculations should be performed.

[0143] The second quantum computer (QC2) signals the first quantum computer (QC1) to notify the beginning and (possibly) end or duration of the predetermined time period.

[0144] Preferably, the erroneous driving is caused by operating (driving) the second quantum computer (QC2) too frequently.

[0145] Preferably, the first quantum computer (QC1) monitors faults in itself and / or other components and / or components of the quantum computer system. That is, the first quantum computer (QC1), in particular the control computer (μC) of the first quantum computer (QC1), preferably has means for checking other components and / or components of the quantum computer system, for example a JTAG interface.

[0146] The proposed quantum computer system may include a plurality of, preferably at least two, quantum computers. They are preferably a first quantum computer (QC1) and a second quantum computer (QC2). In addition, the quantum computer system preferably includes a plurality of measuring devices for detecting operating variables of the quantum computer system (QUSYS) or a device or system. The state of the device or system may depend on the quantum computer system (QUSYS), usually on the results of quantum computer calculations from one or more quantum computers in the quantum computer system. For example, the quantum computer system may be a device or system. Here, the first quantum computer (QC1) usually at least temporarily performs the same quantum computer calculation performed by the second quantum computer (QC2). Here, the quantum computer calculation preferably includes monitoring measures for verifying the functionality of the respective quantum computers (QC1, QC2). Here, the first quantum computer (QC1) performs the quantum computer calculation of the first quantum computer (QC1) in a manner independent of the quantum computer calculation of the second quantum computer (QC2).

[0147] In this case, the first quantum computer (QC1) usually performs a monitoring measure, and the second quantum computer (QC2) performs an equivalent monitoring measure corresponding to this monitoring measure in a simpler manner or following a different strategy on redundant paths. In this case, this can be, for example, a conventional calculation performed by the control computer of the second quantum computer.

[0148] For example, the first quantum computer (QC1) can perform monitoring measures based on the difference between a predeterminable or inputtable set value and the actual value of the control loop of the regulating element, while the second quantum computer (QC2) can perform a simpler type of monitoring measure based on a plausibility comparison between a predeterminable or inputtable set value (preferably the position of the operating element) and the position of the regulating element.

[0149] In this example, the quantum computers particularly preferably monitor each other by exchanging data via the corresponding data interfaces and data buses of the corresponding control computers of the respective quantum computers. For example, in many possible applications of such quantum computer systems in control loops, both quantum computers of the quantum computer system can access the driver level of the regulating element of the control loop and, in the event of an error being detected, in the event of an implausibility with respect to the control loop of the application and the position signals of the control elements of the control loop generated directly or indirectly by the quantum computers, shut down the driver level independently of each other according to the results of the monitoring measures associated with them. Alternatively, the quantum computers can put the driver level into a safe state. Preferably, the quantum computers inform each other of negative results of their monitoring.

[0150] For example, in the event of an error, the first quantum computer (QC1) may intervene in the energy supply of the application system or the application system itself as a countermeasure.

[0151] In the second quantum computer (QC2), a rationality check is preferably performed to open and close a governor of an exemplary application system in the form of a control loop.

[0152] In this case, the plausibility check preferably includes at least a quantum computer calculation that includes at least one manipulation of quantum bits of the second quantum computer (QC2).

[0153] In the method according to the invention for monitoring a quantum computer program that can be run on at least one control computer (μC) of a quantum computer (QC) using a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) of a quantum computer (QC), the quantum computer (QC) preferably comprises a quantum bit, a control computer (μC), a first device for manipulating the quantum bits of the quantum computer (QC) and a second device for reading out the state of the quantum bits of the quantum computer (QC). Here, the first device for manipulating the quantum bits of the quantum computer (QC) and the second device for reading out the state of the quantum bits of the quantum computer (QC) are usually controlled by the control computer (μC). Preferably, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can trigger an exception condition (Exception) when a predetermined quantum bit subset of the quantum bits of the quantum computer (QC) is manipulated during the running of the quantum computer program, in particular triggering an exception condition (Exception) related to the interruption (interrupt) of the quantum computer program flow. This means a situation where a quantum bit that should not be manipulated is manipulated is manipulated. Furthermore, the quantum computer monitoring device preferably has means for identifying and detecting activation of means for manipulating those qubits which are not actually to be manipulated or are specially protected qubits (QUP), and infers errors and, if necessary, takes countermeasures.

[0154] The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can also, for example, trigger an exception condition (Exception), in particular an interruption (Interrupt) of the quantum computer program flow, when a specific address range (AB) is accessed during the execution of the quantum computer program.

[0155] Preferably, the control computer (μC) of the quantum computer (QC) executes an exception routine after an exception condition is triggered during the execution of the quantum computer program.

[0156] For example, the exception-routine may also include at least one quantum operation for manipulating at least one quantum bit (QUB) of the quantum computer (QC).

[0157] In one example, a control computer (μC) or a central control unit (CSE) of a quantum computer (μC) or a control computer of another quantum computer or another computing system may configure a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV).

[0158] Preferably, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) is configured during startup of the quantum computer (QC).

[0159] Preferably, the quantum computer (QC) is reset and restarted during the completion of the Exception Routine and the monitored quantum computer program is initialized. Before resetting and restarting the quantum computer (QC) and before initializing the quantum computer program, preferably at least the type of the error state is stored in an error memory, in particular in an error memory in a memory (MEM) of the quantum computer (QC), in particular by the control computer (μC).

[0160] Before resetting and restarting the quantum computer (QC) and before initializing the quantum computer program, in particular by the control computer (μC), the memory addresses that were accessed by the control computer (μC) before the error state occurred are stored in an error memory, in particular in an error memory in the memory (MEM) of the quantum computer (QC).

[0161] Preferably, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) monitors whether the quantum computer program accesses a predefinable address area (AB) of a memory (MEM) of the quantum computer (QC) during the execution of the quantum computer program.

[0162] Preferably, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) monitors whether the quantum computer program, during the execution of the quantum computer program, accesses an address range (AB) of the stack of the quantum computer (QC) within a memory (MEM) of the quantum computer (QC) which exceeds a predeterminable maximum stack size, which maximum stack size can in particular correspond to the predeterminable address range (AB).

[0163] The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) monitors whether the quantum computer program causes the control computer (μC) to manipulate a predeterminable quantum bit subset of the quantum bits of the quantum computer (QC) by means of quantum bit operations via the first device during the execution of the quantum computer program.

[0164] The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) monitors whether, during the execution of the quantum computer program, a control computer (μC) of the quantum computer (QC) manipulates, via a first device, a quantum bit of the quantum computer (QC) which is not part of a predeterminable quantum bit subset of the quantum bits of the quantum computer (QC).

[0165] The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) monitors during the running of the quantum computer program whether, in particular, an attempt is made by the control computer (μC) to execute in the non-volatile memory (NVM) a code sequence of the quantum computer program which is exchanged from the non-volatile memory (NVM) of the quantum computer (QC) into the random access memory (RAM) of the quantum computer (QC) in the non-volatile memory (NVM).

[0166] The present application also relates to a control element (NVM) for a quantum computer (QC), in particular for a control device (SG) of a vehicle, in particular a read-only memory or a flash memory or a non-volatile memory, wherein a quantum computer program is stored on the control element (NVM), which quantum computer program can be executed on at least one control computer (μC) of the quantum computer (QC) and is suitable for executing the method as described above.

[0167] The present application also relates to a quantum computer (QC) having at least one control computer (μC) and a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), wherein a quantum computer program can be run on the at least one control computer (μC), the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) monitoring the execution of the program during the running of the quantum computer program and triggering an exception condition (Exception), in particular an interruption (interrupt) of the quantum computer program flow, when accessing a specific address range (AB) in a memory (MEM) of the quantum computer (QC). In this case, the control computer (μC) or the central control unit (ZSE) or another computer system preferably configures the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV). Preferably, the quantum computer (QC) comprises means for running an exception condition routine (Exception-Routine) after the triggering of an exception condition during the running of the quantum computer program.

[0168] Preferably, the quantum computer (QC) also has means for executing the above method.

[0169] Another method for operating a quantum computer system (QUSYS) having a quantum computer (QC) and a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) comprises the following steps:

[0170] - monitoring the correct quantum computer program flow of a quantum computer program of a quantum computer (QC), in particular by means of a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV); and

[0171] - performing a predetermined quantum computer calculation using at least one quantum operation, in particular by means of a quantum computer (QC), to calculate a predetermined quantum computer calculation result within a predetermined time period before a predetermined point in time, and

[0172] - driving the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) after the predetermined time point, and performing a reset (reset function) of the quantum computer (QC) when the driving is not performed in a predetermined manner, so as to reset it to a quantum computer program starting point, etc.

[0173] An additional additional step may be to transmit at least one result of a predetermined quantum computer calculation of the quantum computer (QC) to the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) upon the actuation.

[0174] An additional additional step may be to check, in particular by means of the quantum computer (QC), a quantum computer calculation result of a predetermined quantum computer calculation of the quantum computer (QC) which is transmitted to the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV).

[0175] An additional additional step may be: if a quantum computer calculation result of a predetermined quantum computer calculation of the quantum computer (QC) is not in a predetermined allowed solution set of quantum computer calculation results of the predetermined quantum computer calculation of the quantum computer (QC), then it is concluded that the quantum computer (QC) is in an error state.

[0176] An additional additional step may be to create, in particular by the quantum computer (QC), a statistics of a plurality of quantum computer calculation results of the same type of predetermined quantum computer calculations of the quantum computer (QC) which are transmitted to the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), and to infer an error, in particular by the quantum computer monitoring device. In this case, the error inference is made if a first number of quantum computer calculation results of a predetermined quantum computer calculation of the quantum computer (QC) deviate from an expected quantum computer calculation result of this quantum computer calculation of the quantum computer (QC) with a frequency exceeding a predetermined first maximum value.

[0177] Preferably, the count of the first number of deviations from the quantum computer calculation results expected by the quantum computer (QC) for these quantum computer calculations is reset again to a predetermined first starting value of the count value of the count, in particular to 0, if the quantum computer calculation results of a second number of consecutive quantum computer calculations are consistent in a predetermined manner with a frequency exceeding a predetermined second maximum value with the quantum computer calculation results of the quantum computer (QC) expected for these quantum computer calculations.

[0178] Additional additional steps may be: in the case of an error inferred, in particular by the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), in particular by the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), signaling the occurrence of an error to the quantum computer (QC) or to a higher-level system, and / or in the case of an error inferred, in particular by the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), in particular by the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), providing information about the occurrence of an error.

[0179] An additional additional step may be resetting the quantum computer (QC) by signaling, in particular by signaling of a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV).

[0180] Preferably, resetting the quantum computer (QC) by the signal comprises resetting a control computer (μC) of the quantum computer (QC).

[0181] Preferably, by resetting the quantum computer (QC) through the signal, the quantum computer (QC) brings at least some of the quantum bits of the quantum computer into a predetermined and / or predeterminable state and / or into a predetermined superposition of a plurality of predetermined states.

[0182] Preferably, the quantum computer (QC) is reset by signal notification, so that the quantum computer (QC) performs at least one predetermined quantum computer calculation.

[0183] Preferably, the quantum computer (QC) transmits the quantum computer calculation result of the quantum computer calculation to the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV). Preferably, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) verifies the quantum computer calculation result of the quantum computer calculation of the quantum computer (QC).

[0184] Additional additional steps may include: manipulating the quantum bits of the quantum computer (QC), in particular by means of the quantum computer (QC), so that when the quantum computer is reset, in particular by means of the quantum computer (QC), these quantum bits of the quantum computer (QC) are set to a predetermined superposition quantum state combination.

[0185] An additional additional step may be: in the event of a fault of the quantum computer (QC) or of an auxiliary unit thereof which can be recognized by the quantum computer (QC) itself, in particular by its control computer (μC) or another auxiliary device of the quantum computer (QC) to trigger a reset function from the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), in particular by transmitting erroneous quantum computer calculation results, in particular via the quantum computer (QC) to the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), a targeted error driving of the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) is performed.

[0186] Preferably, a reset function from the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) triggers a reset of a control computer (μC) of the quantum computer (QC).

[0187] Preferably, a reset function from the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) causes the quantum computer (QC) to bring at least some of the quantum bits of the quantum computer into a predetermined and / or predeterminable state and / or into a predetermined superposition of a plurality of predetermined states.

[0188] Preferably, a reset function from the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) causes the quantum computer (QC) to perform at least one predetermined quantum computer calculation.

[0189] Preferably, the quantum computer (QC) transmits the quantum computer calculation result of the quantum computer calculation to the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV).

[0190] Typically, a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) verifies a quantum computer (QC)'s quantum computer calculation results of the quantum computer calculation.

[0191] An additional additional step may be to infer an error, in particular by the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), if the quantum computer calculation result, in particular by the quantum computer (QC), is transmitted to the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) before a predetermined second time point, in particular by the quantum computer (QC). In this case, the predetermined second time point is usually after the predetermined time point or equal to the predetermined time point.

[0192] An additional additional step may be: if the quantum computer calculation result is transmitted, in particular by the quantum computer (QC), in particular to the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) after a predetermined third time point, in particular by the quantum computer (QC), then an error is inferred, in particular by the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV). Here, the predetermined third time point is preferably after the predetermined time point or equal to the predetermined time point.

[0193] An additional additional step may be to signal the quantum computer (QC) before the start of the predetermined time period, in particular by means of a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), which predetermined quantum computer calculation or calculations should be performed.

[0194] An additional additional step may be to signal the quantum computer (QC) the start time and (possibly) the end time of the predetermined time period, or the duration of the predetermined time period, in particular via the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV).

[0195] An additional additional step may be to conclude an error, particularly by the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), if the quantum computer monitoring device is driven too frequently, particularly with a frequency higher than an expected value, particularly by the quantum computer (QC) within an additional period of time.

[0196] Additional additional steps may be: monitoring the quantum computer (QC) for failures by the quantum computer (QC) itself, and / or monitoring the failures of another component and / or functional element of the quantum computer system (QUSYS) by the quantum computer (QC), and / or monitoring the failures of components of the quantum computer system by the quantum computer (QC) itself.

[0197] The present application also describes a method for monitoring a correct quantum computer program flow of a quantum computer system (QUSYS) provided with a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), in particular using one of the above-described methods. The quantum computer system (QUSYS) comprises a quantum computer (QC), wherein the quantum computer (QC) drives the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) in predetermined time intervals, in particular via a data bus (DB) with messages, and wherein the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) triggers a reset (reset function) of the quantum computer (QC) without this driving.

[0198] In this case, the reset usually causes a control computer (μC) of the quantum computer (QC) to jump to the start point of the quantum computer program or to another predetermined program point of the quantum computer program.

[0199] Resetting typically causes a control computer (μC) of a quantum computer (QC) to bring at least part of the quantum bits of the quantum computer (QC) into a predefined or predefinable quantum state, or into a predefined or predefinable superposition of such a quantum state, wherein these quantum bits include at least part of the quantum bits of the quantum computer (QC).

[0200] When a fault that can be recognized by the quantum computer (QC) occurs to trigger a reset function from the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), the quantum computer (QC) preferably performs targeted error driving of the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV).

[0201] Finally, it should be pointed out that if a quantum sensor system includes a quantum sensor monitoring device whose characteristics correspond to a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) in the sense of the present application, then a quantum sensor system having one or more quantum dots as sensor elements can be understood as a quantum computer in the sense of the present disclosure and may therefore fall within the scope of protection claimed in the present application.

[0202] advantage

[0203] Using a quantum monitor device (QUV) and related methods, a quantum computer controlling a system can be prevented from setting or driving safety-critical states of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0204] Figure 1 A quantum computer system (QUSYS) of international patent application WO 2021083448 A1 is shown, which was not yet published at the time of filing the priority patent application DE 102021 110964.7 of the present application, filed on April 28, 2021.

[0205] Figure 2 Corresponds to Figure 1, but the difference is that the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) according to the present application can now monitor and, if necessary, test the functionality of the quantum computer.

[0206] Figure 3 Possible interactions between a single quantum computer (QC) and a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), a device (GR), and a system component (SYSC) are shown.

[0207] Figure 4 A case is shown where a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) is part of a quantum computer (QC). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0208] Figure 1

[0209] Figure 1 The quantum computer system (QUSYS) of the international patent application WO 2021083448 A1 is shown, which was not yet published when the priority patent application DE 102021 110964.7 filed on April 28, 2021 of the present application was filed. To the extent permitted by the laws of the countries entered by the present application in the national phase, the technical implications of WO 2021 083 448 A1 are fully included in the disclosure of the present application. Figure 1 The quantum computer system (QUSYS) consists of 16 quantum computers (QC1 to QC16). Figure 1 Even though the priority patent application DE102021 110964.7 filed on April 28, 2021 of the present application was not yet disclosed prior art, it is still marked as prior art. Each of the 16 quantum computers (QC1 to QC16) of the exemplary quantum computer system has at least one control computer (μC1 to μC16). Each of the 16 control computers (μC1 to μC16) of the 16 quantum computers (QC1 to QC16) is connected to a data bus (DB) via a data bus interface. The central control unit (ZSE) controls the 16 quantum computers (QC1 to QC16) via the data bus (DB).

[0210] Figure 2

[0211] Figure 2 Corresponds to Figure 1 , but the difference is that the Quantum Computer Monitoring Facility (QUV) can now monitor and, if necessary, test the functionality of the quantum computer. Figure 2In the example of , the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can signal the central control unit via an interrupt line to notify the problem. Then, when necessary, the central control unit can read out information about the type of problem from the register of the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV).

[0212] Figure 3

[0213] Figure 3 Possible interactions between a single quantum computer (QC) and a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), a device (GR), and a system component (SYSC) are shown. The control computer (μCQUV) of the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) monitors the internal clock generator (ICLK) of the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV). The quantum computer (QC) and the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) exchange data, etc. through a data bus (DB). The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can detect errors of the quantum computer (QC), and when the quantum computer monitoring device, for example, detects an error of the quantum computer (QC), the device (GR) enters a safe state via a bypass line (BPL). In this example, the quantum computer (QC) controls and / or adjusts additional system components (SYSC) that are not protected by such a bypass line (BPL) via an exemplary additional signal line (SYSCDB) that may include a data bus.

[0214] In this example, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) has an internal counter and / or timer (ICNT). For example, the internal counter and / or timer (ICNT) can count the pulses of the internal clock (ICLK) of the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) between two errors of the quantum computer (QC) or between the start signal and the time when the quantum computer (QC) has an error and / or the number of errors of the quantum computer (QC) and / or the number of correct quantum computer calculations of the quantum computer (QC), and / or count the number of erroneous quantum computer calculations of the quantum computer (QC), and / or count the number of quantum computer calculations of the quantum computer (QC) with a specific result, and / or count the number of quantum computer calculations of the quantum computer (QC) that deviate from a specific result. The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) typically includes more than one internal counter and / or timer (ICNT). Preferably, as described above, these multiple internal counters and / or timers (ICNT) detect different counter events. Reference is made to the above sections. In Figure 3In the example of the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), the control computer (μCQUV) of the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) signals the exemplary internal counter and / or timer (ICNT) through the internal counter event signal (iCNTS) to notify the occurrence of the event to be counted. The internal counter event signal (iCNTS) can also be a gate signal for counting the internal clock (iCLK) pulses to the exemplary internal counter and / or timer (ICNT).

[0215] Figure 4

[0216] Figure 4 A case is shown where a separate quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) is part of a quantum computer (QC). The quantum computer (QC) includes a control computer (μC), a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) and a memory (MEM), the memory (MEM) having a special part (AB) in the memory (MEM). In addition, in this example, the quantum computer (QC) includes a non-volatile memory (NVM) and a read / write memory (RAM). As the core of the device, the proposed quantum computer (QC) includes one or more quantum bits (QUB). For example, these quantum bits can be electron spins and / or electron configuration spins and / or nuclear spins. For example, they can be paramagnetic centers and / or nuclear magnetic moments of atomic nuclei. This application refers to international patent application WO2021083448 A1, which was not yet published when the priority patent application DE102021110964.7 filed on April 28, 2021 of this application was applied. In this example, a control computer (μC) of a quantum computer (QC) can manipulate a quantum bit (QUB) using a first device (M1) and read out the state of the quantum bit (QUB) using a second device (M2).

[0217] This application also refers to the international patent application WO 2021083448 A1, which was not yet published when the priority patent application DE 102021110964.7 filed on April 28, 2021 of this application was filed. To the extent permitted by the laws of the countries entered by this application in the national phase, the technical implications of WO 2021 083 448 A1 are fully included in the disclosure of this application. Typically, a quantum computer (QC1 to QC16) of a quantum computer system (QUSYS) includes a driving unit as a first device (M1), which driving unit is, for example, a horizontal driving stage (for example, reference numerals HD1 to HD3 in FIG. 23 of WO 2021083448 A1) and / or a vertical driving stage (for example, reference numeral VD1 in FIG. 23 of WO 2021083448 A1), and the horizontal and / or vertical driving stages drive the direction of signals on control lines, which control lines are, for example, horizontal control lines (for example, reference numerals LH1 to LH3 in FIG. 23 of WO 2021083448 A1) and / or horizontal shielding lines (for example, reference numerals SH1 to SH4 in FIG. 23 of WO2021083448 A1), and / or are, for example, vertical control lines (for example, reference numeral LV1 in FIG. 23 of WO2021083448 A1) and / or vertical shielding lines (for example, reference numerals WO 2021083448 A1 in Figure 23 (reference numerals SV1 to SV2). Typically, a quantum computer (QC) includes an evaluation unit as a second device (M2), which is, for example, a horizontal receiving stage (e.g., reference numerals HS1 to HS3 in FIG. 23 of WO 2021083448 A1) and / or a vertical receiving stage (e.g., reference numerals VS1 in FIG. 23 of WO 2021083448 A1), which detects and evaluates the signal course on a control line, which is, for example, a horizontal control line (e.g., reference numerals LH1 to LH3 in FIG. 23 of WO 2021083448 A1) and / or a horizontal shielding line (e.g., reference numerals SH1 to SH4 in FIG. 23 of WO 2021083448 A1), and / or, for example, a vertical control line (e.g., reference numeral LV1 in FIG. 23 of WO 2021083448 A1) and / or a vertical shielding line (e.g., reference numeral WO 2021083448A1). For example, via a test bus as a data bus (DB), a terminal (TERM) as a central control unit (ZSE) can access the system of a quantum computer (QC) and, for example, interrupt the processing of a quantum computer program at a specific time and / or quantum computer program point and / or quantum computer program address and / or during a specific quantum operation.

[0218] In this example, a control computer (μC), a non-volatile memory (NVM), a first device (M1), a second device (M2), a memory (MEM), a volatile memory (RAM) and a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) are connected to a common quantum computer data bus (QCDB), which in this example is completely located inside the quantum computer (QC). Here, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) of the quantum computer (QC) can affect the control computer (μC) through an interrupt line (INTR). Finally, the present application discloses a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) of a quantum computer system (QUSYS) and a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) of a quantum computer (QC), wherein the transition between the two is obviously smooth. Therefore, a quantum computer system (QUSYS) can, for example, include a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) of a quantum computer system (QUSYS) and / or one or more quantum computers (QC1 to QC16), each quantum computer having, for example, one or more quantum computer monitoring devices (QUV) of these quantum computers (QC).

[0219] feature

[0220] The feature list reflects the features of the present application. As long as the result of the combination is meaningful, these features and their sub-features can be combined with each other, and can be combined with other features and sub-features of the present application and with features in the specification. For this reason, in the case of combination, it is not necessary to include all sub-features of a feature in one feature. Its technical effects and advantages have been mentioned in the above description and below.

[0221] 1. A quantum computer system (QUSYS),

[0222] - wherein the quantum computer system (QUSYS) comprises a quantum computer (QC), and

[0223] - wherein the quantum computer system (QUSYS) comprises a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), and

[0224] - wherein a quantum computer (QC) executes a quantum computer program having a quantum computer program flow, and

[0225] - wherein the quantum computer program typically comprises at least one quantum operation in manipulating the quantum state of at least one quantum bit (QUB) of the quantum computer (QC), and

[0226] - wherein a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) monitors a quantum computer (QC) for a correct quantum computer program flow of said quantum computer program, and / or

[0227] - wherein the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) monitors exactly one or more than exactly one value and / or exactly one and / or more than exactly one value curve of one of the following operating parameters:

[0228] - the value of the operating voltage of the operating voltage line (VDD) of the quantum computer system (QUSYS) relative to the reference potential (GND), and / or

[0229] - the value of the current consumption (IDD) of the quantum computer system (QUSYS) associated with the operating voltage line (VDD), and / or

[0230] - the value of the operating voltage of the operating voltage line (VDD) of the quantum computer (QC) relative to the reference potential (GND), and / or

[0231] - the value of the current consumption (IDD) of the quantum computer (QC) associated with the operating voltage, and / or

[0232] - the values ​​of the operating voltages of device components of the quantum computer (QC) relative to the reference potential (GND), and / or

[0233] - the value of the current consumption of the device components of the quantum computer (QC) in relation to the operating voltage, and / or

[0234] - the processor clock (QCCLK) of a control computer (μC) which may be part of a quantum computer (QC), and / or

[0235] - the frequency value of the processor clock (QCCLK) of a control computer (μC) which may be part of a quantum computer (QC), and / or

[0236] - a light output of a light source (LED) of a quantum computer (QC) for irradiating a quantum bit (QUB) of the quantum computer (QC) with radiation,

[0237] - Electromagnetic radiation detection capability of photodetectors, and / or

[0238] - the intended correct generation of electromagnetic fields (in particular microwave fields and / or radio wave fields) of a device for manipulating one or more quantum bits (QUB) of a quantum computer (QC),

[0239] - the complex conductivity and / or the real conductivity and / or the imaginary conductivity of a circuit which is part of a device for manipulating one or more quantum bits (QUB) of a quantum computer (QC).

[0240] Advantages of this feature: By monitoring these operating parameters, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) ensures that the prerequisites for a quantum computer (QC) or multiple quantum computers (QC1 to QC16) of the quantum computer system (QUSYS) to provide the expected quantum computer calculation results can be met. To this end, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) determines the measured values ​​of the monitored operating parameters and compares them with the threshold values ​​and / or predetermined tolerance intervals of the measured values ​​of these operating parameters. If the measured value is within the permissible value range marked by the threshold value and / or the predetermined tolerance interval, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) generally does not perform any operation. For example, this is the case when the measured value is within the predetermined tolerance interval. If the measured value exceeds the permissible value range marked by the threshold value and / or the predetermined tolerance interval, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) usually initiates a countermeasure and, if necessary, also performs the countermeasure itself. Here, the countermeasure can be, for example, a signal notification to the superior central control unit (ZSE), a user display, or a reset of the relevant quantum computer (QC) and / or quantum computer system (QUSYS). In this case, other measures of the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) are also conceivable.

[0241] Feature 2: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to Feature 1,

[0242] - wherein, within a predetermined time period before a predetermined time point (tv), the quantum computer (QC) performs a predetermined quantum computer calculation using at least one quantum operation when manipulating at least one quantum bit (QUB) of the quantum computer (QC) to calculate a predetermined quantum computer calculation result, and

[0243] - wherein the quantum computer (QC) must drive the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) after these predetermined points in time (tv), because otherwise the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) executes one or more countermeasures.

[0244] Advantages of this feature: The quantum computer (QC, QC1 to QC16) performs quantum calculations within the so-called T2 time, during which it can be assumed that the probability that the entanglement and / or coherence of the quantum state is not lost is very high. Therefore, the quantum computer (QC) preferably performs quantum calculations in time slices. Here, each time slice preferably has a duration shorter than the shortest T2 time of the quantum bit involved. In the quantum computer (QC, QC1 to QC16), these time slices for calculating quantum computer calculations are continuous and do not overlap in time. Therefore, a core idea of ​​the technical revelation proposed in this article is that the quantum computer (QC, QC1 to QC16) performs quantum calculations through a quantum computer program in a first time slice, and signals a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) in a second time slice that is usually followed to notify that it is still running. In the second time slice, the quantum computer (QC, QC1 to QC16) can perform a generally simple quantum computer calculation predetermined by the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), and send a signal to the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) in the second time slice to notify the results of these quantum computer calculations. The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can perform statistics on the quantum computer calculation results of the relevant quantum computer (QC, QC1 to QC16), and if the quantum computer calculation results of the repeatedly performed quantum computer calculations on the quantum computer (QC, QC1 to QC16) statistically deviate from the statistically determined result values ​​of the quantum computer calculation results by more than a predetermined value, that is, deviate with a greater frequency than expected, it is inferred that the relevant quantum computer (QC, QC1 to QC16) has an error.

[0245] Feature 3: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to Feature 2,

[0246] - wherein the countermeasure performs a reset (reset function) of the quantum computer (QC) to reset it to a quantum computer program start point (QPS) or another predetermined quantum computer program point (QPV) or the like.

[0247] Advantages of this feature: By this measure, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can bring the quantum computer (QC) into a defined state again when the quantum computer (QC) is disturbed during its operation by external physical events such as ionizing radiation, electromagnetic radiation or thermal disturbances.

[0248] Feature 4: A quantum computer (QC) according to any one or more of features 1 to 3,

[0249] - wherein the quantum computer (QC) comprises a data bus (DB), and

[0250] - wherein a data bus (DB) connects the quantum computer (QC) to a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), and

[0251] - wherein the quantum computer (QC) can transmit information and / or quantum computer calculation results to the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) via the data bus (DB), and / or

[0252] wherein the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can transmit information and / or requests and / or program codes and / or program data to the quantum computer (QC) via a data bus (DB).

[0253] Advantage of this feature: With this measure, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can also monitor a plurality of quantum computers (QC, QC1 to QC16) if necessary.

[0254] Feature 5: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one or more of features 2 to 4,

[0255] - wherein the quantum computer (QC) must drive the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) after a predetermined time point (tv), and

[0256] - wherein the quantum computer (QC) transmits at least one quantum computer calculation result of a predetermined quantum computer calculation to the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) during the actuation.

[0257] Advantage of this feature: Thus, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can record the functionality of the quantum operations of the monitored quantum computer (QC) and, for example, create a corresponding log file.

[0258] Feature 6: A quantum computer system according to Feature 5,

[0259] -Wherein, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) verifies the quantum computer calculation results of the quantum computer (QC).

[0260] Advantages of this feature: Thus, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can monitor the functionality of the quantum operations of the quantum computer (QC) and initiate or take measures when necessary.

[0261] Feature 7: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to Feature 6,

[0262] - wherein the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) concludes that the quantum computer (QC) is in an error state if a quantum computer calculation result of the quantum computer (QC) is not within a predetermined set of allowed solutions of the quantum computer calculation results of the quantum computer (QC).

[0263] Advantages of this feature: The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) is thus able to ensure the correct functioning of the quantum computer system (QUSYS) and its quantum computers (QC, QC1 to QC16).

[0264] Feature 8: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one or more of features 6 to 7,

[0265] - wherein the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) performs statistics on a plurality of quantum computer calculation results of the same type of quantum computer calculations of the quantum computers (QC, QC1 to QC16) and infers an error if the quantum computer calculation result of the quantum computer (QC, QC1 to QC16) deviates from the expected quantum computer calculation result of the quantum computer (QC, QC1 to QC16) with a frequency exceeding a predetermined maximum value.

[0266] Advantage of this feature: Thus, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can ensure the correct functioning of the quantum computer system (QUSYS), although the result of the quantum computer calculation only has the correct value with a certain statistical probability. This problem is particularly not solved by devices using the prior art.

[0267] Feature 9: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to Feature 8,

[0268] - wherein the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) comprises a memory, and

[0269] - wherein a value is stored and / or storable in a memory of the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), which corresponds to a maximum value at which a quantum computer calculation result of the quantum computer (QC) is allowed to deviate with maximum frequency from an expected quantum computer calculation result of the quantum computer (QC).

[0270] Advantages of this feature: This tolerance specification is advantageous in order to optimally adjust the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) according to the quantum computer calculation being performed. This is because the dispersion width of the results of the quantum computer calculation of the quantum computer (QC) varies with the quantum computer calculation being performed.

[0271] Feature 10: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one or more of features 7 to 9,

[0272] - wherein, in the event of an inferred error, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) signals the quantum computer (QC) or the superordinate system (ZSE) to notify the occurrence of the error and / or to provide information about the error.

[0273] Advantages of this feature: In many applications, quantum computer systems (QUSYS) are used for potentially safety-relevant overall systems. Such systems are evaluated during the design phase by means of so-called FEMA analyses. By establishing the observability of errors in the quantum computer system (QUSYS) or in the quantum computers (QC, QC1 to QC16) of the quantum computer system (QUSYS), the severity of the consequences of such errors is reduced. In a large number of typical application cases, the reduction in the severity of the errors is sufficient to allow the use of such systems in real life.

[0274] Feature 11: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one or more of features 1 to 10,

[0275] - wherein the quantum computer system (QUSYS) comprises a superordinate system (ZSE), and

[0276] - wherein the quantum computer system (QUSYS) comprises a plurality of quantum computers (QC, QC1 to QC16), and

[0277] - wherein the superordinate system (ZSE) for at least one quantum computer (QC), preferably for all quantum computers (QC, QC1 to QC16), respectively comprises a memory with a respective error counter value associated with the respective quantum computer (QC, QC1 to QC16).

[0278] Advantages of this feature: Experience has shown that temporary disturbances may occasionally occur on a quantum computer system (QUSYS) or a quantum computer (QC, QC1 to QC16) of a quantum computer system (QUSYS). Therefore, the severity of the disturbance also depends on the time of occurrence of such disturbances. Therefore, it is useful that the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) detects this time density and the measures taken or initiated by the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) depend on the time density of such disturbances of the quantum computer system (QUSYS) and / or the quantum computers (QC, QC1 to QC16).

[0279] Feature 12: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to Feature 11,

[0280] - wherein the superordinate system (ZSE) increases an error counter value associated with a quantum computer (QC) by a first error counter increment when a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) signals that the quantum computer (QC) associated with the error counter value is presumed to be erroneous.

[0281] The advantage of this feature: Here, the counter reading is not increased in the case of every error, but only in the case of errors that lead to a signal notification. The time-density detection of errors is therefore limited to particularly severe errors of a specific error class. The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) thus suppresses the unnecessary increase of countermeasures or completely ignores them since they may be unnecessary.

[0282] Feature 13: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to feature 11 and / or feature 12,

[0283] - wherein the superordinate system (ZSE) reduces the error counter value associated with the quantum computer (QC) by a second error counter increment when the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) sends a signal to notify that the quantum computer calculation result of the quantum computer (QC) associated with the error counter value is determined to be correct.

[0284] Advantage of this feature: The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) thereby ensures that error events that occurred long ago no longer have any effect when the temporary error disappears.

[0285] Feature 14: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one or more of features 11 to 13,

[0286] - wherein, in the case where a quantum computing task to be performed by the quantum computer system (QUSYS) does not require all quantum computers (QC1, QC1 to QC16) of the quantum computer system (QUSYS), a superordinate system, in particular a central control unit (ZSE), uses the quantum computer (QC, QC1 to QC16) of the quantum computer system (QUSYS) having the respective lowest current error counter value associated with the respective quantum computer (QC, QC1 to QC16) to perform the computing task.

[0287] Advantages of this feature: Since the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) sends corresponding signal notifications to the device components of the quantum computer system (QUSYS), it is ensured that the quality of the quantum computer calculation results of the quantum computer system (QUSYS) is always the highest and the error rate is always the lowest. For example, such a quantum computer system (QUSYS) preferably uses the quantum bits with the highest fidelity and the longest T2 time to perform calculations in order to obtain the lowest possible error rate.

[0288] Feature 15: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one or more of features 10 to 14,

[0289] -Wherein, the signal notification of the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV):

[0290] - Reset the Quantum Computer (QC), and / or

[0291] - putting a quantum computer (QC) into a predetermined state, and / or

[0292] - bringing at least one quantum bit (QUB) of a quantum computer (QC) into a predetermined state, and / or

[0293] - bringing at least one core quantum bit (QUB) of a quantum computer (QC) into a predetermined state, and / or

[0294] - bringing at least one quantum register (QUREG) of a quantum computer (QC) into a predetermined state, and / or

[0295] - bringing at least one core quantum register (CQUREG) of a quantum computer (QC) into a predetermined state, and / or

[0296] - bringing at least one core electron quantum register (CEQUREG) of a quantum computer (QC) into a predetermined state.

[0297] Advantages of this feature: The above feature lists some possible countermeasures that the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can take when the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) infers that the quantum computer system (QUSYS) or a device component of the quantum computer monitoring device (QUSYS) is in an unexpected state. In the simplest case, the measures taken by the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) are limited to the relevant device components of the quantum computer system (QUSYS).

[0298] Feature 16: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to Feature 15,

[0299] - wherein, in the event of a reset, the quantum computer (QC) changes its quantum bits (QUB) and / or a part of its quantum bits (QB) into a predetermined combination of superposition quantum states.

[0300] The advantage of this feature: This measure of the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) ensures that a subsequent quantum computer calculation can be restarted from a defined state of these quantum bits (QUB) if necessary.

[0301] Feature 17: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to features 15 and / or 16,

[0302] - wherein, in the case of a reset, the quantum computer (CQ) changes its core qubits (CQUB) and / or a part of its core qubits (CQUB) into a predetermined combination of superposition quantum states.

[0303] Advantage of this feature: This measure of the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) ensures that a subsequent quantum computer calculation can be restarted from a defined state of these core qubits (CQBs) if necessary.

[0304] Feature 18: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one or more of features 6 to 17,

[0305] - wherein, in the event of an error that can be recognized by the quantum computer (QC) itself or by a control computer (μC) of the quantum computer (QC) itself to trigger a reset function of the quantum computer (QC) that can be triggered by a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), the quantum computer (QC) performs a targeted error driving of the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), in particular by transmitting erroneous quantum computer calculation results.

[0306] Advantages of this feature: This measure of the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) ensures a check during operation to verify that the superordinate system responds correctly to errors of the quantum computer (QC) and / or the quantum computer system (QC).

[0307] Feature 19: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to feature 18, characterized in that

[0308] - Quantum computers (QC) perform error-driving by:

[0309] - within a predetermined and / or predeterminable time period, the quantum computer (QC) drives the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), in particular by transmitting erroneous and / or correct quantum computer calculation results, with a frequency exceeding a predetermined and / or predeterminable maximum number of times for the time period.

[0310] Advantage of this feature: sending messages too frequently can also indicate the presence of errors which can be detected in this way.

[0311] Feature 20: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one or more of features 4 to 19,

[0312] - wherein the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) infers an error if the quantum computer (QC) transmits the quantum computer calculation result to the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) before a predetermined second time point (t2),

[0313] - wherein the predetermined second time point (t2) is after the predetermined time point (tv) or is equal to the predetermined time point (tv).

[0314] Advantage of this feature: Sending a message too early can also indicate the presence of an error which can be detected in this way.

[0315] Feature 21: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one or more of features 4 to 20,

[0316] - wherein if the quantum computer (QC) transmits the quantum computer calculation result to the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) after a predetermined third time point (t3), the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) infers an error,

[0317] - wherein the predetermined third time point (t3) is after the predetermined time point (tv) or is equal to the predetermined time point (tv).

[0318] Advantage of this feature: Sending a message too late can also indicate the presence of an error which can be detected in this way.

[0319] Feature 22: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one or more of features 1 to 21,

[0320] - wherein the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) signals the quantum computer (QC) before the start of a predetermined time period (Tv) to inform the quantum computer (QC) which predetermined quantum computer calculation or calculations should be performed.

[0321] Advantages of this feature: In this way, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can systematically perform various tests and detect corresponding errors. Thus, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) maximizes the error coverage of the tests preferably performed by the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV).

[0322] Feature 23: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one or more of features 1 to 22,

[0323] - wherein a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) signals a quantum computer (QC) with the beginning and possibly the end or duration of a predetermined time period (Tv).

[0324] Advantages of this feature: For example, if the quantum computer (QC) does not respond to the request of the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) in time, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can therefore cause the quantum computer (QC) to take measures on its own. Therefore, it is obviously not absolutely necessary for the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) to initiate these measures. On the contrary, if the time for responding to the request of the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) has passed, the control computer (μC) of the quantum computer (QC) can also initiate corresponding measures.

[0325] Feature 24: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one or more of features 1 to 23, characterized in that

[0326] - The quantum computer (QC) monitors faults in itself and / or other components and / or sub-devices of the quantum computer system (QUSYS).

[0327] Advantages of this feature: In particular, a control computer (μC) of a quantum computer (QC) can operate as a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) of another quantum computer (QC) in a quantum computer system (QUSYS). In this way, a plurality of quantum computers (QC, QC1 to QC16) of a quantum computer system (QUSYS) can monitor each other. In this case, each quantum computer of a quantum computer (QC, QC1 to QC16) of a quantum computer system (QUSYS) at least temporarily acts as a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) of another quantum computer of a quantum computer (QC, QC1 to QC16) of a quantum computer system (QUSYS).

[0328] Feature 25: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one or more of features 1 to 24, characterized in that

[0329] - The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) monitors faults in itself and / or other components and / or sub-devices of the quantum computer system (QUSYS).

[0330] Advantages of this feature: Preferably, the control computer (μC) of the quantum computer (QC) operates as a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) in relation to individual device components of the quantum computer (QC). Furthermore, it preferably also operates at least temporarily as a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) connected to the control computer (μC) of the quantum computer (QC), for example via a data bus (DB). In this way, the control computer (μC) maximizes the test coverage of the monitoring of the quantum computer (QC).

[0331] Feature 26: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one or more of features 1 to 25, characterized in that

[0332] A quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) is a quantum computer (QC) comprising at least two qubits.

[0333] Advantages of this feature: This feature is in principle the opposite of the above feature, wherein the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can now also perform quantum operations and, for example, compare the results of these quantum operations with the results of the monitored quantum computers (QC, QC1 to QC16) of the quantum computer system (QUSYS).

[0334] Feature 27: A device for monitoring a quantum computer (QC), in particular for use in a quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one or more of features 1 to 26,

[0335] - wherein the device comprises a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), and

[0336] - wherein the quantum computer (QC) comprises an internal clock (ICLK), and

[0337] - wherein the quantum computer (QC) is connected and / or connectable to a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) for monitoring the quantum computer (QC), in particular via a data bus (DB) or a dedicated signal line, and

[0338] - wherein the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) is connected and / or can be connected to an internal clock (ICLK) for monitoring a system clock of the quantum computer (QC), and / or

[0339] - wherein the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) comprises means for verifying the quantum computer program flow of a quantum computer program of the quantum computer (QC), and / or

[0340] - wherein the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) comprises means for verifying the correct functioning of the quantum computer (QC), and / or

[0341] - wherein the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) comprises means for verifying the correct execution of the manipulation of quantum bits (QUB) of the quantum computer (QC).

[0342] Advantages of this feature: This quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) has intercepted major errors of quantum computers in the quantum computers (QC, QC1 to QC16) of the quantum computer system (QUSYS).

[0343] Feature 28: The device according to feature 27,

[0344] - wherein the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) comprises means for monitoring operating parameters of the quantum computer (QC), such as magnetic field and / or electromagnetic wave irradiation and / or temperature and / or radiation, and

[0345] - wherein the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) comprises means for monitoring the testing of a system component (SYSC) of a quantum computer (QC), and

[0346] - wherein the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) transmits an error message to the quantum computer (QC) upon identification of at least one error and increases, decreases or changes an error counter in a predetermined manner.

[0347] Advantages of this feature: The advantage of this feature is that in the event that the monitored quantum computer (QC) is temporarily disturbed due to fluctuations in these operating parameters, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) does not have to take any serious measures immediately.

[0348] Feature 29: The device according to feature 28, characterized in that

[0349] - the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) transmits test problems to the quantum computer (QC) when verifying the quantum computer program, and

[0350] - a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) monitors the correctness and / or timing and / or statistical correctness of the responses of the quantum computer (QC), and

[0351] - Computing a response to the test problem requires at least one manipulation of the state of a quantum bit of the quantum computer (QC) and / or performing at least one quantum operation on the quantum computer (QC).

[0352] In this case, a quantum operation is generally an operation of a monitored quantum computer (QC) which modifies the quantum state of at least one quantum bit of at least one quantum register of the quantum computer (QC).

[0353] Advantages of this feature: Thus, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) is able to check the correct functioning of the monitored quantum computer (QC) and also monitor the utilization of the control computer (μC). If this utilization is too high, the quantum computer (QC) responds too slowly. If the quantum bits of the quantum computer (QC) or the control devices for these quantum bits within the quantum computer (QC) are damaged or in an illegal state, the transmitted response of the quantum computer (QC) generally does not match the expected value and / or the expected value range.

[0354] Feature 30: The device according to feature 28 or 29, characterized in that

[0355] -When monitoring the testing of the system components, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) transmits the test commands to the quantum computer (QC), and

[0356] -The quantum computer (QC) sends the quantum computer calculation results corresponding to the test problem back to the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), and the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) monitors the correctness and / or time point and / or statistical correctness of the quantum computer calculation results.

[0357] Advantages of this feature: Thus, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) is able to check the correct functioning of the monitored quantum computer (QC) and also monitor the utilization of the control computer (μC). If this utilization is too high, the quantum computer (QC) responds too slowly. If the quantum bits of the quantum computer (QC) or the control devices for these quantum bits within the quantum computer (QC) are damaged or in an illegal state, the transmitted response of the quantum computer (QC) generally does not match the expected value and / or the expected value range.

[0358] Feature 31: The device according to any one of the preceding features 28 to 30, characterized in that

[0359] - when at least one error is identified, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) causes a device (GR) connected to the quantum computer (QC):

[0360] - disabling the functionality of the device (GR) for a predetermined period of time, or

[0361] - put the device (GR) into a safe state, or

[0362] - prevent the quantum computer (QC) from accessing the device (GR), or

[0363] - connecting the device (GR) to a quantum computer simulation device without connecting it to a quantum computer (QC),

[0364] - wherein the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) is preferably directly connectable to the device (GR).

[0365] Advantages of this feature: This feature describes the different ways in which a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can react to errors in a quantum computer (QC). To achieve emergency operation, the device can use a quantum computer simulation. This simulation can also be a quantum computer program flow with fewer qubits. However, the limitations of such simulations are well known.

[0366] Feature 32 The device according to feature 30 or 31, characterized in that

[0367] - If the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) identifies at least one other error in the quantum computer (QC) during the disabling of the device (GR) or when the device (GR) is in a safe state, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) prolongs the disabling of the device (GR) or the time during which the device (GR) is in a safe state.

[0368] Advantages of this feature: If the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) identifies that the error is a persistent error, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) prevents the quantum computer (QC) from putting the usage system controlled by the quantum computer (QC) into an erroneous non-secure state.

[0369] Feature 33: The device according to any one of the preceding features 27 to 32, characterized in that

[0370] - When the error counter reaches a predetermined value, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) disables the device (GR) or puts the device (GR) into a safe state until the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) is shut down.

[0371] The advantage of this feature: the unreliability of a quantum computer (QC) only becomes so great if errors are severe enough to occur repeatedly that only then and not if the event occurs once, the drastic measure of a complete shutdown is taken.

[0372] Feature 34: The device according to any one of the preceding features 27 to 33, characterized in that

[0373] - The device (GR) capable of connecting to a quantum computer (QC) is a vehicle, a flying object, or a floating object, a robot, an aircraft, a satellite, or a system of weapon systems.

[0374] Advantages of this feature: This feature describes the typical application of this device.

[0375] Feature 35: The device according to any one of the preceding features 27 to 34, characterized in that

[0376] - The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) disables the device (GR) when turned on and / or puts the device (GR) in a safe state until the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) separately recognizes the correctness at the point of feature 0.

[0377] Advantages of the claim: By adopting this method, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) ensures that the entire system can be in a safe state from the very beginning.

[0378] Feature 36: The device according to any one of the preceding features 27 to 35, characterized in that

[0379] - Error counters and individual errors can be read out from the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) via the quantum computer (QC).

[0380] Advantages of this feature: With this property, for example, a control computer (μC) of a quantum computer (QC) can transmit the current state of the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) to a higher-level central control unit (ZSE).

[0381] Feature 37: The device according to any one of features 28 to 36, characterized in that

[0382] The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) determines the time of the response of the quantum computer (QC) and the task confirmation by means of at least one internal counter (ICNT) or timer.

[0383] Advantage of this feature: The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can monitor and / or statistically evaluate these data and / or communicate them to a superordinate central control unit (ZSE) or a control computer (μC) of the quantum computer (QC).

[0384] Feature 38: The device according to any one or more of features 27 to 37, characterized in that

[0385] - A response of the quantum computer (QC) depends on at least one manipulation of a quantum bit of the quantum computer (QC).

[0386] Advantage of this feature: Only in this way can the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) verify the correct functioning of the quantum computer (QC).

[0387] Feature 39: A quantum computer system (QUSYS), in particular a quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one or more of the preceding features 1 to 38,

[0388] - wherein: the quantum computer system (QUSYS) comprises at least two quantum computers (e.g., QC1, QC2) of the quantum computers (QC1 to QC16) of the quantum computer system (QUSYS), wherein the at least two quantum computers are

[0389] - an exemplary first quantum computer (QC1), and

[0390] - an exemplary second quantum computer (QC2),

[0391] - wherein a signal can be sent from the first quantum computer (QC1) to the second quantum computer (QC2) via at least one signal connection (DB).

[0392] Advantages of this feature: This is particularly advantageous if quantum computers (QC1, QC2) within a quantum computer system (QUSYS) are to monitor each other.

[0393] Feature 40: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to feature 39,

[0394] - wherein the signal notification is a result of a quantum computer calculation, and

[0395] wherein the quantum computer calculation result is a calculation result of the first quantum computer (QC1) using at least one manipulation of a quantum bit of the first quantum computer (QC1).

[0396] Advantages of this feature: This is particularly advantageous when quantum computers (QC1, QC2) within a quantum computer system (QUSYS) are to monitor each other. The features proposed here enable a corresponding other quantum computer (e.g., a second quantum computer (QC2)) to evaluate whether the quantum operation of the first quantum computer (QC1) is running correctly. The examples described in this application mainly relate to the first quantum computer (QC1) and the second quantum computer (QC2). The technical enlightenment can generally always be transferred to other pairs consisting of two quantum computers in the quantum computers (QC1 to QC16) of the quantum computer system (QUSYS).

[0397] Feature 41: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to feature 40,

[0398] - wherein the second quantum computer (QUC2) compares the quantum computer calculation result of the first quantum computer (QC1) with the expected value.

[0399] Advantages of this feature: This is particularly advantageous when quantum computers (QC1, QC2) within a quantum computer system (QUSYS) are to monitor each other. The features proposed here enable the respective other (second) quantum computer (QC2) to evaluate whether the quantum operations of the other (first) quantum computer (QC1) are running correctly.

[0400] Feature 42: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to feature 41,

[0401] - wherein the expected value is a quantum computer calculation result of a second quantum computer (QC2) of the quantum computer system (QUSYS) or another quantum computer in the quantum computers (QC1 to QC16).

[0402] Advantages of this feature: This is particularly advantageous when quantum computers (QC1, QC2) within a quantum computer system (QUSYS) are to monitor each other. The features proposed here enable the corresponding other (second) quantum computer (QC2) to evaluate whether the quantum operation of the other (first) quantum computer (QC1) is running correctly. Here, the monitoring second quantum computer (QC2) itself generates a reference result. Preferably, the second quantum computer (QC2) refers to other results in other quantum computers (QC1 to QC169) of the quantum computer system (QUSYS). The first quantum computer (QC1) and the second quantum computer (QC2) can also exchange roles.

[0403] Feature 43: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to feature 41 or 42,

[0404] - wherein the second quantum computer (QC2) verifies the quantum computer calculation results of the quantum computer (QC1).

[0405] Advantages of this feature: This is particularly advantageous when quantum computers (QC1, QC2) within a quantum computer system (QUSYS) are to monitor each other. The features proposed here enable the respective other (second) quantum computer (QC2) to evaluate whether the quantum operations of the other (first) quantum computer (QC1) are running correctly.

[0406] Feature 44: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to feature 43,

[0407] - wherein the second quantum computer (QC2) concludes that the first quantum computer (QC1) is in an erroneous state if the quantum computer calculation result of the first quantum computer (QC1) is not within a predetermined set of allowed solutions of the quantum computer calculation result of the first quantum computer (QC1).

[0408] Advantages of this feature: This is particularly advantageous when quantum computers (QC1, QC2) within a quantum computer system (QUSYS) are to monitor each other. The features proposed here enable the respective other (second) quantum computer (QC2) to evaluate whether the quantum operation of the other (first) quantum computer (QC1) is running correctly, and enable the monitoring second quantum computer (QC2) to execute or initiate countermeasures when errors occur.

[0409] Feature 45: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to feature 43 or 44,

[0410] - wherein the second quantum computer (QC2) creates statistics of a plurality of results of similar quantum computer calculations of the first quantum computer (QC1) and infers an error, in particular the presence of an error in the first quantum computer (QC1), if the quantum computer calculation result of the first quantum computer (QC1) deviates from the expected quantum computer calculation result of the first quantum computer (QC1) with a frequency exceeding a predetermined maximum value.

[0411] Advantages of this feature: This is particularly advantageous when quantum computers (QC1, QC2) within a quantum computer system (QUSYS) are to monitor each other. The features proposed here enable the respective other (second) quantum computer (QC2) to evaluate whether the quantum operation of the other (first) quantum computer (QC1) is running statistically correctly. This solves the problem that the results of quantum computer calculations can only provide values ​​determined with a certain statistical probability. Therefore, as long as the statistical distribution substantially corresponds to the expected distribution, deviations are not errors.

[0412] Feature 46: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one or more of features 43 to 45,

[0413] - wherein the second quantum computer (QC2) creates a first statistic of a plurality of results of quantum computer calculations of the same type as the first quantum computer (QC1), and an error is inferred if the result of the quantum computer calculation of the first quantum computer (QC1) deviates from a second statistic of a plurality of results of quantum computer calculations of the same type as the second quantum computer (QC2) or another quantum computer (QC1 to QC16) of the quantum computer system (QUSYS) with a frequency exceeding a predetermined maximum value.

[0414] Advantages of this feature: This is particularly advantageous when quantum computers (QC1, QC2) within a quantum computer system (QUSYS) are to monitor each other. Here, since the results of quantum computer calculations correspond essentially only with a certain probability to a predeterminable result, statistical methods are preferably applied. The features proposed here enable the corresponding other (second) quantum computer (QC2) to evaluate whether the quantum operation of the other (first) quantum computer (QC1) is running statistically correctly. This solves the problem that the results of quantum computer calculations can only provide values ​​determined with a certain statistical probability. Therefore, as long as the statistical distribution essentially corresponds to the expected distribution, deviations are not errors.

[0415] Feature 47: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one or more of features 43 to 46,

[0416] - wherein, in the event of an inferred error, the second quantum computer (QC2) signals the first quantum computer (QC1) or another quantum computer of the quantum computer system (QUSYS) or the quantum computers (QC1 to QC16) of the superordinate system (ZSE) to inform them of the occurrence of the error and / or, for example, specifically reserves information about the error for their use.

[0417] Advantages of this feature: Advantageously, the quantum computers (QC1 to QC16) of the quantum computer system (QUSYS) monitor each other. For example, this may mean that the first quantum computer (QC1) monitors the second quantum computer (QC2), and the second quantum computer (QC2) in turn monitors the first quantum computer (QC1). The quantum computer system used as an example several times in this application includes an exemplary number of 16 quantum computers (QC1 to QC16). Now, the first quantum computer (QC1) can monitor the second quantum computer (QC2). The second quantum computer (QC2) can monitor the third quantum computer (QC3), and so on. Then preferably, in this example, the fifteenth quantum computer (QC15) monitors the sixteenth quantum computer (QC16). In this example, the sixteenth quantum computer (QC16) monitors the first quantum computer (QC1). In this example, the central control device (ZSE) preferably monitors all sixteen quantum computers (QC1 to QC16), preferably in parallel.

[0418] Feature 48: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to feature 47,

[0419] - wherein the first quantum computer (QC1) is reset or placed in a predefined state or in one of a predefined set of states by a signal from the second quantum computer (QC2).

[0420] The advantage of this feature is that if the second quantum computer (QC2) now monitors the first quantum computer (QC1), the second quantum computer (QC2) acts as a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) for the first quantum computer (QC1). It is then useful that if this statistical behavior indicates that the first quantum computer (QC1) is faulty, the second quantum computer (QC2) infers that the first quantum computer (QC1) is faulty due to the statistical evaluation of the behavior of the first quantum computer (QC1). The resetting of the first quantum computer (QC1) by the second quantum computer (QC2) is a particularly simple measure for error correction / error containment of the second quantum computer (QC2).

[0421] Feature 49: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to feature 48,

[0422] - wherein, when the first quantum computer (QC1) is reset, in particular when the first quantum computer (QC1) is reset by a signal notification from a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) or a higher-level central control unit (ZSE) or another quantum computer in a quantum computer (QC1 to QC16) of a quantum computer system (QUSYS), the first quantum computer (QC1) changes its quantum bits into a predetermined superposition quantum state combination.

[0423] Advantages of this feature: This feature explains in more detail what is meant by resetting a quantum computer (here, the first quantum computer (QC1) is used as an example). In this context, the present application refers, for example, to document WO 2021 083 448A1. To the extent permitted by the laws of the countries in which the present application is entered in the national phase, the technical teachings of WO 2021 083 448A1 are fully included in the disclosure of the present application. The document discloses a method for resetting quantum dots of NV centers by irradiating them with pump radiation and waiting for the relaxation time.

[0424] Feature 50: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one or more of features 45 to 49,

[0425] - wherein, in the event of a fault of the first quantum computer (QC1) which can be detected by the first quantum computer (QC1) itself to trigger a reset function from the second quantum computer (QC2), the first quantum computer (QC1) carries out a targeted error drive of the second quantum computer (QC2), in particular by transmitting an erroneous quantum computer calculation result of the first quantum computer (QC1).

[0426] Advantages of this feature: In certain structures, the first quantum computer (QC1) cannot automatically trigger a complete reset of all or important sub-devices of the first quantum computer. However, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) associated therewith is preferably capable of doing this. In the event that the first quantum computer (QC1) identifies an error that requires resetting all and / or at least important sub-devices of the first quantum computer (QC1), the first quantum computer (QC1) simulates an error with respect to the second quantum computer (QC2), which then identifies such an error and triggers a reset of all and / or at least important sub-devices of the first quantum computer (QC1). Therefore, the first quantum computer (QC1) is still able to reset itself in the end. Here, the second quantum computer (QC2) can perform further rationality checks to prevent the first quantum computer (QC1) from accidentally resetting itself. This raises the threshold for self-reset of the first quantum computer (QC1).

[0427] Feature 51: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one or more of features 43 to 50,

[0428] - wherein the second quantum computer (QC2) infers an error if the first quantum computer (QC1) transmits a quantum computer calculation result of the first quantum computer (QC1) to the second quantum computer (QC2) before a predetermined second point in time,

[0429] - wherein the predetermined second time point is temporally subsequent to the predetermined time point or is equal to the predetermined time point.

[0430] Advantages of this feature: The quantum computer (QC) performs quantum calculations within the so-called T2 time, in which the probability that the entanglement and / or coherence of the quantum state is not lost can be considered very high. Therefore, the quantum computer (QC) preferably performs quantum calculations within time slices. Here, the duration of each time slice is preferably longer than 0s in time and shorter than the shortest T2 time of the quantum bits involved in the relevant quantum computer (QC). In the quantum computer (QC), these time slices used to calculate quantum computer calculations are continuous and do not overlap in time. Therefore, a core idea of ​​the technical enlightenment proposed in this article is that the first quantum computer (QC) performs a quantum calculation as a utilization calculation through a quantum computer program in a first time slice, and sends a signal to the second quantum computer (QC2) in a second time slice that is usually followed to notify it that the first quantum computer (QC1) is still running. The first quantum computer (QC1) can perform in this second time slice a generally simple quantum computer calculation predetermined by the second quantum computer (QC2) and send a signal to the second quantum computer (QC2) in this second time slice to inform the results of these quantum computer calculations. The second quantum computer (QC2) can count the results of the quantum computer calculations of the first quantum computer (QC1) and infer that the first quantum computer (QC1) has an error if these results deviate statistically by more than a preset value, for example, from the result values ​​that the second quantum computer (QC2) has statistically determined and expected for these quantum computer calculation results. For example, the second quantum computer (QC2) can determine these result values ​​in advance by quantum computer calculations itself. Sending a message too early can also indicate the presence of an error that can be detected in this way.

[0431] Feature 52: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one or more of features 43 to 51,

[0432] - wherein the second quantum computer (QC2) infers an error if the first quantum computer (QC1) transmits a quantum computer calculation result of the first quantum computer (QC1) to the second quantum computer (QC2) after a predetermined third point in time,

[0433] - wherein the predetermined third time point is after the predetermined time point or equal to the predetermined time point in terms of time.

[0434] This feature has the advantage that a message sent too late in time by the first quantum computer (QC1) to the second quantum computer (QC2) can also indicate the presence of an error which can be detected in this way. In other respects, the present application refers to the advantages of the aforementioned features.

[0435] Feature 53: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one or more of features 39 to 52,

[0436] - wherein the second quantum computer (QC2) signals the first quantum computer (QC1) before the start of the predetermined second time period to inform the first quantum computer (QC1) which predetermined quantum computer calculation or calculations should be performed.

[0437] An advantage of this feature is that the fact that the first quantum computer (QC1) sends a message to the second quantum computer (QC2) too early in time can also indicate that the first quantum computer (QC1) has an error which can be detected in this way.

[0438] Feature 54: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one or more of features 39 to 53,

[0439] - wherein the second quantum computer (QC2) signals the first quantum computer (QC1) to inform of the beginning and possibly the end or duration of a predetermined second time period.

[0440] Advantages of this feature: Therefore, if the first quantum computer (QC2) does not respond to the request of the second quantum computer (QC2) in time, the second quantum computer (QC2) can, for example, cause the first quantum computer (QC1) to take measures on its own. Therefore, it is obviously not absolutely necessary for the second quantum computer (QC2) to initiate these measures. On the contrary, the control computer (μC1) of the first quantum computer (QC1) can also initiate corresponding measures if the time for responding to the request of the second quantum computer (QC2) has passed.

[0441] Feature 55: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one of features 39 to 54, characterized in that

[0442] - False actuation is caused by the first quantum computer (QC1) operating (driving) the second quantum computer (QC2) too frequently.

[0443] The advantage of this feature is that, for example, if the first quantum computer (QC1) sends the correct result of a quantum computer calculation too often, it may be a repetition of the stored result without actually performing a second calculation. Therefore, the second quantum computer (QC2) can also evaluate this behavior as an erroneous behavior of the first quantum computer (QC1).

[0444] Feature 56: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one of features 39 to 55, characterized in that

[0445] - The first quantum computer (QC1) monitors faults in itself and / or other components and / or sub-devices of the quantum computer system (QUSYS).

[0446] Advantages of this feature: In particular, the control computer (μC) of the first quantum computer (QC1) can be operated in the quantum computer system (QUSYS) as a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) for the second quantum computer (QC2) and / or other quantum computers in the quantum computers (QC1 to QC16) of the quantum computer system (QUSYS). In this way, multiple quantum computers in the quantum computers (QC1 to QC16) of the quantum computer system (QUSYS) can monitor each other. In this case, each quantum computer in the quantum computers (QC1 to QC16) of the quantum computer system (QUSYS) at least temporarily acts as a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) for another quantum computer in the quantum computers (QC1 to QC16) of the quantum computer system (QUSYS).

[0447] Feature 57: A quantum computer system (QUSYS), in particular a quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one or more of the preceding features,

[0448] - the quantum computer system has at least two quantum computers, namely, a first quantum computer (QC1) and a second quantum computer (QC2),

[0449] - the quantum computer system has a plurality of measuring devices for detecting operating variables of the quantum computer system (QUSYS) or the device or system,

[0450] - where the state of the device or system may depend on a quantum computer system (QUSYS),

[0451] - wherein the first quantum computer (QC1) at least temporarily performs the same quantum computer calculation performed by the second quantum computer (QC2), and

[0452] - wherein the quantum computer calculation comprises monitoring measures for checking the functionality of the respective quantum computer (QC1, QC2),

[0453] - wherein the first quantum computer (QC1) performs quantum computer calculations of the first quantum computer (QC1) independently of quantum computer calculations of the second quantum computer (QC2).

[0454] Advantages of this feature: Quantum computers (QC1, QC2) monitor each other. For this purpose, the quantum computer system (QUSYS) preferably includes more than two quantum computers. Preferably, the number of quantum computers in the quantum computer system (QUSYS) is an odd number, so that the correct quantum computer calculation results always account for the majority. Therefore, a particularly secure quantum computer system (QUSYS) can be realized in spatial multiplexing. Hardware defects of the quantum computers of the quantum computer system (QUSYS) cannot be identified in time division multiplexing to reduce errors.

[0455] Feature 58: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to feature 57, characterized in that

[0456] - A first quantum computer (QC1) performs a monitoring measure and a second quantum computer (QC2) performs an equivalent monitoring measure corresponding to the monitoring measure in a simpler execution or following a different strategy on a redundant path.

[0457] Advantages of this feature: These measures exclude systematic errors in the verification method, which make it impossible for a corresponding quantum computer in the quantum computer (QC1 to QC16) of the quantum computer system (QUSYS) to detect errors in the quantum computer (QC1 to QC16) of the quantum computer system (QUSYS) when the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) is used as another quantum computer in the quantum computer (QC1 to QC16) of the quantum computer system (QUSYS).

[0458] Feature 59: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one of features 57 to 58, characterized in that

[0459] - The first quantum computer (QC1) performs monitoring measures based on the difference between a predeterminable or inputtable setpoint value and the actual value of the control loop of the control element, while the second quantum computer (QC2) performs a simpler type of monitoring measure based on a plausibility comparison between a predeterminable or inputtable setpoint value (preferably the position of the operating element) and the position of the control element.

[0460] Advantages of this feature: These measures exclude systematic errors in the verification method, which make it impossible for the corresponding quantum computer in the quantum computer (QC1 to QC16) of the quantum computer system (QUSYS) to detect errors in the quantum computers (QC1 to QC16) of the quantum computer system (QUSYS) when it serves as a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) of other quantum computers in the quantum computer system (QUSYS) (QC1 to QC16).

[0461] Feature 60: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one of the preceding features 57 to 59, characterized in that

[0462] The quantum computers in the quantum computers (QC1 to QC16) of the quantum computer system (QUSYS) monitor each other by exchanging data via data interfaces.

[0463] Advantage of this feature: In this way, the quantum computers in the quantum computers (QC1 to QC16) of the quantum computer system (QUSYS) can coordinate with each other when they act as quantum computer monitoring devices (QUV) of other quantum computers in the quantum computer system (QUSYS) (QC1 to QC16).

[0464] Feature 61: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one of features 57 to 61, characterized in that

[0465] - the quantum computer system comprises a first quantum computer (QC1) and a second quantum computer (QC2), and

[0466] - A first quantum computer (QC1) and a second quantum computer (QC2) have access to the drive stage of the control element and, in the event of an error being detected, in the event of an implausibility in the control loop and in the position signal, independently shut down the drive stage or put it into a safe state depending on the results of the monitoring measures respectively associated with them, and these quantum computers (QC1, QC2) in particular inform each other of negative results of their monitoring.

[0467] Advantages of this feature: By means of this redundancy, the quantum computer system (QUSYS) prevents a single faulty quantum computer in the quantum computers (QC1 to QC16) of the quantum computer system (QUSYS) from being able to bring the safety-related control system into an unsafe state. To this end, both quantum computers (QC1, QC2) must have obtained results that appear to indicate the activation of an unsafe system state with preferably sufficient statistical probability. Preferably, each quantum computer (QC1, QC2) respectively activates the control element associated with this quantum computer. Only when both control elements are activated can an unsafe system state be activated or only activated. Systems with more than two quantum computers and more than two control elements are also conceivable.

[0468] Feature 62: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one of features 57 to 61, characterized in that

[0469] - In the event of an error, the first quantum computer (QC1) intervenes in the energy supply of the application system or in the application system itself.

[0470] Advantages of this feature: In many cases, the safest way to prevent an unsafe condition is to:

[0471] a) interrupting the energy supply to the quantum computer system (QUSYS), and / or

[0472] b) interrupting the energy supply to sub-devices of the quantum computer system (QUSYS), and / or

[0473] c) interrupting the energy supply to a relevant quantum computer among the quantum computers (QC1 to QC16) of the quantum computer system (QUSYS), and / or

[0474] d) interrupting the energy supply to a sub-device of a quantum computer (QC1 to QC16) of a quantum computer system (QUSYS), and / or

[0475] e) interrupt the energy supply to other devices they control.

[0476] In principle, every system should be designed so that the loss of energy supply leads to a safe state. However, in special cases this may not be the case.

[0477] Feature 63: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one of features 57 to 62, characterized in that

[0478] -In the second quantum computer (QC2), a rationality check is performed to turn on or off the governor of the application system.

[0479] The advantage of this feature is that even if the first quantum computer (QC1) works and provides a result, this result may still be outside the permitted range. Here, the standard may be completely different from the standard on which the quantum computer calculation is based. For example, the quantum computer calculation of the first quantum computer (QC1) can show that the application system controlling the first quantum computer (QC1) and / or the quantum computer system (QUSYS) should now apply 10 kV as voltage to the component. However, since the application system can only provide 50 V, it is useful that the control computer (μC2) of the second quantum computer (QC2) then limits this value to an achievable value. This applies in particular to safety restrictions, for example, which must be absolutely adhered to.

[0480] Feature 64: A quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one of features 57 to 63, characterized in that

[0481] - the plausibility check comprises at least one or more quantum computer calculations comprising at least one manipulation of a quantum bit of a second quantum computer (QC2).

[0482] Advantage of this feature: The second quantum computer (QUC2) can itself perform quantum computer calculations during the rationality check to determine the rationality limit by means of a quantum computer program, for example. This is particularly preferred when the rationality check itself requires or wishes to solve an NP-complete problem.

[0483] Feature 65: A method for monitoring the execution of a quantum computer program executable on at least one control computer (μC) of a quantum computer (QC) by a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) of the quantum computer (QC),

[0484] - wherein the quantum computer (QC) comprises qubits, a control computer (μC), first means for manipulating the qubits of the quantum computer (QC) and second means for reading out the state of the qubits of the quantum computer (QC), and

[0485] - wherein the first means (QC) for manipulating the quantum bits of the quantum computer and the second means for reading out the state of the quantum bits of the quantum computer (QC) are controlled by a control computer (μC), and

[0486] - Among them, quantum computer monitoring equipment (QUV):

[0487] - When a predetermined or determined subset of quantum bits in a set of quantum bits of a quantum computer (QC) is manipulated during the execution of a quantum computer program, an exception condition (Exception) is triggered, in particular, an interruption (Interrupt) of the quantum computer program flow is triggered.

[0488] Advantages of this feature: Preferably, a predetermined quantum operation of a quantum computer (QC) should not affect all qubits. Typically, a quantum computer (QC1 to QC16) of a quantum computer system (QUSYS) comprises a driving unit as a first device (M1), the driving unit being, for example, a horizontal driving stage (e.g., reference numerals HD1 to HD3 in FIG. 23 of WO 2021083448 A1) and / or a vertical driving stage (e.g., reference numerals VD1 in FIG. 23 of WO 2021083448 A1), the horizontal and / or vertical driving stages driving the direction of signals on control lines, the control lines being, for example, horizontal control lines (e.g., reference numerals LH1 to LH3 in FIG. 23 of WO 2021083448 A1) and / or horizontal shielding lines (e.g., reference numerals SH1 to SH4 in FIG. 23 of WO 2021083448 A1) and / or, for example, vertical control lines (e.g., reference numerals LV1 in FIG. 23 of WO 2021083448 A1) and / or vertical shielding lines (e.g., reference numerals WO 2021083448 A1 in Figure 23 (reference numerals SV1 to SV2). Typically, a quantum computer (QC1 to QC16) of a quantum computer system (QUSYS) comprises an evaluation unit, which is, for example, a horizontal receiving stage (e.g., reference numerals HS1 to HS3 in FIG. 23 of WO 2021083448 A1) and / or a vertical receiving stage (e.g., reference numerals VS1 in FIG. 23 of WO 2021083448 A1), which detects and evaluates the signal course on a control line, which is, for example, a horizontal control line (e.g., reference numerals LH1 to LH3 in FIG. 23 of WO 2021083448 A1) and / or a horizontal shielding line (e.g., reference numerals SH1 to SH4 in FIG. 23 of WO 2021083448 A1) and / or, for example, a vertical control line (e.g., reference numeral LV1 in FIG. 23 of WO 2021083448 A1) and / or a vertical shielding line (e.g., reference numeral LV2 in FIG. 23 of WO 2021083448 A1). A1 in Figure 23 (reference numerals SV1 to SV2). Thus, the quantum computer detection device (QUV) can observe this driving device (first device M1) of the quantum computer (QC) via the second device (M2) and infer the manipulation of the quantum computer's quantum bits. The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can also observe the signal notifications of the control computer (μC) and thus observe its quantum computer program flow. If one or more of these signal trends lead to the assumption that one or more quantum bits that should not be driven are accessed, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can detect this in particular via such an evaluation unit and record it as an "assertion" (i.e., unauthorized access), or simply as a measured value, etc.The quantum computer monitoring device (QC) preferably checks whether an abnormal condition (Exception) exists, and preferably takes measures according to the type of abnormal condition met. These measures can be of various types. The simplest is the reset of the relevant quantum computer (QC). However, the measure can also be the reset of a single quantum bit, or the interruption of the quantum computer program flow, or the forced change of the expected quantum computer program flow (branch), or the reset of the control computer (μC) of the quantum computer (QC). Therefore, the quantum computer (QC) prevents this interference from causing an erroneous quantum computer calculation result and then the quantum computer system (QUSYS) continues to use the erroneous quantum computer calculation result under the interaction with the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV). This prevents the further propagation of errors.

[0489] Feature 66: The method according to feature 65, characterized in that

[0490] Quantum Computer Monitoring Equipment (QUV):

[0491] -When a specific address range (AB) is accessed during the execution of a quantum computer program, an exception condition (Exception) is triggered, in particular, an interruption of the quantum computer program flow (Interrupt) is triggered.

[0492] Advantages of this feature: Thus, the quantum computer (QC) in interaction with the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) prevents interference that leads to erroneous access to the storage location of the quantum computer program in the memory of the control computer (μC) leading to erroneous quantum computer calculation results and then the quantum computer system (QUSYS) continues to erroneously use the erroneous quantum computer calculation results. This prevents the further propagation of errors.

[0493] Feature 67: The method according to any one or more of features 65 to 66, characterized in that

[0494] - A control computer (μC) of a quantum computer (QC) completes an exception-routine after an exception condition is triggered during the execution of a quantum computer program.

[0495] Advantages of this feature: As already mentioned above in feature 65, forced branching of the quantum computer program is a possible measure when erroneous access is made to the memory and / or the quantum bits (QUB) of the quantum computer (QC) and / or specially protected quantum bits (QUP) in the quantum bits (QUB) of the quantum computer (QC).

[0496] Feature 68: The method according to feature 67, characterized in that

[0497] - The exception-routine comprises at least one quantum operation for manipulating at least one quantum bit of the quantum computer (QC).

[0498] Advantages of this feature: It is particularly advantageous to bring the disturbed qubits into a predefined state by means of a predetermined sequence. In some cases, the operation results of other qubits can then continue to be used. However, this is not always the case. Another possible quantum operation is to reinitialize all qubits of the quantum computer (QC) and subsequently restart the quantum program of the quantum computer (QC).

[0499] Feature 69: The method according to any one or more of features 65 to 68, characterized in that

[0500] - The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) is configured by a control computer (μC) of a quantum computer (μC) or a central control unit (ZSE) or a control computer (μC1 to μC16) of another quantum computer in a quantum computer system (QUSYS) (QC1 to QC16) or another computing system.

[0501] Advantages of this feature: Preferably, the quantum computer system (QUSYS) is designed so that one of the quantum computers (QC1 to Qcl6) of the quantum computer system (QUSYS) cannot configure the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) associated with it, to ensure that the quantum computers (QC1 to Qcl6) of the quantum computer system (QUSYS) cannot shut down their own quantum computer monitoring devices (QUSYS) when an error occurs, or disable them, or limit their functioning, or otherwise bypass them. Therefore, this situation is unlikely to occur.

[0502] Feature 70: The method according to feature 69, characterized in that

[0503] -The Quantum Computer Monitoring Device (QUV) is configured during startup of the Quantum Computer (QC).

[0504] Advantage of this feature: Thus, it is ensured from the outset that the individual quantum computers (QC) monitored by the individual quantum computer monitoring devices (QUV) execute the quantum computer program correctly.

[0505] Feature 71: The method according to any one or more of features 65 to 70, characterized in that

[0506] - Reset the Quantum Computer (QC) during the completion of the Exception-Routine, and

[0507] - restart the Quantum Computer (QC) during the completion of the Exception-Routine, and

[0508] - A monitored quantum computer program that initializes the quantum computer (QC) during the completion of the Exception-Routine.

[0509] Advantages of this feature: For this purpose, the present application refers to the above-mentioned embodiments. Here, these measures are specific measures of a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV).

[0510] Feature 72: The method according to feature 71, characterized in that

[0511] - Before resetting and restarting the quantum computer (QC) and before initializing a quantum computer program, at least the type of the error state is stored in an error memory, in particular in a memory (MEM) of the quantum computer (QC), in particular by the control computer (μC).

[0512] Advantages of this feature: By creating a log file or similar data set or information compilation, errors that occurred can be analyzed and error finding can be facilitated.

[0513] Feature 73: The method according to feature 72, characterized in that

[0514] - Before resetting and restarting the quantum computer (QC) and before initializing the quantum computer program, in particular by the control computer (μC), the memory addresses that were accessed by the control computer (μC) before the error state occurred are stored in an error memory, in particular in an error memory in the memory (MEM) of the quantum computer (QC).

[0515] Advantages of this feature: By creating a log file or similar data set or information compilation, errors that occurred can be analyzed and error finding can be facilitated.

[0516] Feature 74: The method according to any one of features 65 to 73, characterized in that

[0517] The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) monitors whether the quantum computer program accesses a predefinable address area (AB) of a memory (MEM) of the quantum computer (QC) during the execution of the quantum computer program.

[0518] Advantages of this feature: Thus, the quantum computer (QC) in interaction with the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) prevents disturbances that lead to erroneous access to the storage location of the quantum computer program in the memory of the control computer (μC) leading to erroneous quantum computer calculation results and then the quantum computer system (QUSYS) continues to erroneously use the erroneous quantum computer calculation results. This prevents further propagation of errors.

[0519] Feature 75: The method according to feature 74, characterized in that

[0520] - A quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) monitors whether a quantum computer program, during execution of the quantum computer program, accesses an address range (AB) of a stack of the quantum computer (QC) within a memory (MEM) of the quantum computer (QC) which exceeds a predeterminable maximum stack size, which maximum stack size can in particular correspond to the predeterminable address range (AB).

[0521] Advantages of this feature: Thus, the quantum computer (QC) in interaction with the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) prevents disturbances that lead to erroneous access to the storage location of the quantum computer program in the memory of the control computer (μC) leading to erroneous quantum computer calculation results and then the quantum computer system (QUSYS) continues to erroneously use the erroneous quantum computer calculation results. This prevents further propagation of errors.

[0522] Feature 76: The method according to any one of features 65 to 75, characterized in that

[0523] The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) monitors whether the quantum computer program causes the control computer (μC) to manipulate a predeterminable quantum bit subset of the quantum bits of the quantum computer (QC) by means of quantum bit operations via the first device during the execution of the quantum computer program.

[0524] Advantages of this feature: The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can perform the monitoring described in conjunction with feature 65. However, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can also monitor the communication and signal notifications of the control computer (μC) and check whether they are consistent with the expected values. For example, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can be a clone of the control computer (μC), which tracks all steps of the control computer (μC) and works in parallel with the control computer (μC). If there are differences in the signal notifications and communications, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can infer that the control computer (μC) and / or itself is in a potential error state. If the signal trend leads to access to a quantum bit of the quantum computer (QC) that should not be driven, or even to an access to a specially protected quantum bit (QUP), the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can record it as an "assertion" (i.e., unauthorized access). The quantum computer monitoring device (QC) preferably checks whether an abnormal condition (Exception) exists, and preferably takes measures according to the type of abnormal condition met. These measures can be of various types. The simplest measure is to reset the relevant quantum computer in the quantum computers (QC1 to QC16) of the quantum computer system (QUSYS). However, the measure can also be the reset of individual quantum bits, or the interruption of the quantum computer program flow, or the forced change of the intended quantum computer program flow (branch). Thus, the quantum computer (QC) prevents, in interaction with the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), such interference from leading to an erroneous quantum computer calculation result and then the quantum computer system (QUSYS) continues to erroneously use the erroneous quantum computer calculation result. This prevents the further propagation of the error.

[0525] Feature 77: The method according to feature 76, characterized in that

[0526] - the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) monitors whether the quantum computer program, during the execution of the quantum computer program, causes the control computer (μC) of the quantum computer (QC) to manipulate via the first device those qubits of the quantum computer (QC) which are not part of a predeterminable qubit subset of the qubits of the quantum computer (QC).

[0527] Advantages of this feature: The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can perform monitoring as described in conjunction with feature 65. However, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can also monitor the communications and signal notifications of the control computer (μC) and check whether they are consistent with expected values. For example, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can be a clone of the control computer (μC), which tracks all steps of the control computer (μC) and works in parallel with the control computer (μC). If there are differences in signal notifications and communications, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can infer that the control computer (μC) and / or itself is in a potential error state. If the signal trend leads to access to a quantum bit (QUB) of the quantum computer (QC) that should not be driven and / or a specially protected quantum bit (QUP), the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can record it as an "assertion" (i.e., unauthorized access). The quantum computer monitoring device (QC) preferably verifies whether an abnormal condition (Exception) exists, and preferably takes measures according to the type of abnormal condition met. These measures can be of various types. The simplest measure is to reset the relevant quantum computer in the quantum computers (QC1 to QC16) of the quantum computer system (QUSYS). However, the measure can also be the reset of individual quantum bits, or the interruption of the quantum computer program flow, or the forced change of the intended quantum computer program flow (branch). Thus, the quantum computer (QC) prevents, in interaction with the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), such interference from leading to an erroneous quantum computer calculation result and then the quantum computer system (QUSYS) continues to erroneously use the erroneous quantum computer calculation result. This prevents the further propagation of the error.

[0528] Feature 78: The method according to any one of features 65 to 73, characterized in that

[0529] - The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) monitors whether, during the execution of the quantum computer program, in particular by the control computer (μC) an attempt is made to execute in the non-volatile memory (NVM) a code sequence of the quantum computer program which is exchanged from the non-volatile memory (NVM) of the quantum computer (QC) into the random access memory (RAM) of the quantum computer (QC) in the non-volatile memory (NVM).

[0530] Advantages of this feature: Thus, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can prevent the accidental start of such a code sequence, or detect and report the omission of the expected start of such a code sequence. In this way, even if the quantum computer (QC) is disturbed for any reason, it is still ensured that the manipulation of the quantum bits of the quantum computer (QC) operates exactly as expected.

[0531] Feature 79: A control element (NVM) for a quantum computer (QC), the quantum computer being in particular a quantum computer of a control device (SG) of a vehicle, the control element being in particular a read-only memory or a flash memory or a non-volatile memory,

[0532] - wherein a quantum computer program is stored on the control element (NVM), the quantum computer program being executable on at least one control computer (μC) of the quantum computer (QC) and being suitable for carrying out the method according to any of features 65 to 78.

[0533] Advantage of this feature: If this feature is present, there is no need to download the quantum computer program into the memory of the control computer (μC) via the data bus.

[0534] Feature 80: A quantum computer (QC) having at least one control computer (μC) and a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV),

[0535] - wherein a quantum computer program is run on at least one control computer (μC), and

[0536] - wherein a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) monitors the operation of the quantum computer program during the operation of the quantum computer program, and

[0537] - wherein, when the control computer (μC) accesses a specific address range (AB) within a memory (MEM) of the quantum computer (QC), the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) triggers an exception condition (Exception), in particular an interruption (Interrupt) of the program flow of the quantum computer,

[0538] It is characterized in that

[0539] - a control computer (μC) or a central control unit (ZSE) or another computer system configures the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), and

[0540] The quantum computer (QC) has means for completing an exception routine after an exception condition is triggered during the execution of a quantum computer program.

[0541] Advantages of this feature: Preferably, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can drive the reset logic or interrupt logic of the control computer (μC), which reset logic or interrupt logic sets the program pointer and / or stack pointer of the control computer (μC) to a predetermined value. Other effects of these means of the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) and other means of the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) for influencing the quantum computer program flow of the control computer (μC) can be envisioned.

[0542] Feature 81: A quantum computer (QC) according to feature 80, characterized in that

[0543] - A quantum computer (QC) has means for carrying out the method according to any of features 75 to 78.

[0544] Advantages of this feature: By combining features 65 to 78 and feature 80, unintentional manipulation of quantum bits and / or output of erroneous quantum computer calculation results are less likely to occur. However, this does not reduce the natural error rate of quantum computer calculations.

[0545] Feature 82: A method for operating a quantum computer system (QUSYS), the quantum computer system (QUSYS) comprising:

[0546] - Quantum Computers (QC), and

[0547] -Quantum Computer Monitoring Facility (QUV),

[0548] The method comprises the following steps:

[0549] - monitoring the correct quantum computer program flow of a quantum computer program of a quantum computer (QC), in particular by means of a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV);

[0550] - performing a predetermined quantum computer calculation using at least one quantum operation within a predetermined time period before a predetermined point in time, in particular by means of a quantum computer (QC), to calculate a predetermined quantum computer calculation result;

[0551] - driving the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) after these predetermined points in time, in particular by means of the quantum computer (QC); and

[0552] -When the drive is not executed in a predetermined manner, a reset (reset function) is performed, in particular by the quantum computer (QC), in particular a reset of the quantum computer (QC) and / or a sub-device of the quantum computer (QC) is performed to reset it to the quantum computer program start point, etc.

[0553] Advantages of this feature: If a quantum computer (QC) is disturbed for any reason, it will provide results at the wrong time, provide wrong results, or provide results with statistical deviations from the expected results, etc. In this way, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can identify such hardware and software defects and failures of the quantum computer (QC) and report them to a superordinate unit such as a central control unit (ZSE) and, if necessary, cause all and / or individual sub-devices of the quantum computer (QC) to take countermeasures such as reset. After such a report, for example, the central control unit (CSE) of the quantum computer system (QUSYS) can start the same quantum computer calculation on another error-free quantum computer (QC) of the quantum computer system and, for example, shut down the faulty quantum computer (QC).

[0554] Feature 83: The method for operating a quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to feature 82, comprising the following steps:

[0555] - During the actuation, at least one result of a predetermined quantum computer calculation of the quantum computer (QC) is transmitted to the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV).

[0556] Advantages of this feature: This transmission enables the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) to statistically investigate whether the statistics of the quantum computer calculation results of these quantum computer calculations are consistent with the expected statistics of the quantum computer calculation results. If this is not the case, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can infer an error and initiate the measures described several times above and / or transmit the error to a superordinate unit, for example to the central control unit (ZSE) of the quantum computer system (QUSYS).

[0557] Feature 84: The method for operating a quantum computer system (QUC) according to feature 83, comprising the following steps:

[0558] - verifying a quantum computer calculation result of a predetermined quantum computer calculation of the quantum computer (QC) transmitted in particular by the quantum computer (QC) to the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV).

[0559] Advantages of this feature: This application refers to similar advantages of the aforementioned feature 83.

[0560] Feature 85: The method for operating a quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to feature 84, comprising the following steps:

[0561] - if a quantum computer computation result of a predetermined quantum computer computation of the quantum computer (QC) is not in a predetermined set of allowed solutions of the quantum computer computation results of the predetermined quantum computer computation of the quantum computer (QC), it is concluded that the quantum computer (QC) is in an error state.

[0562] Advantages of this feature: This application refers to similar advantages of the aforementioned feature 83.

[0563] Feature 86: A method for operating a quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to feature 84 or 85, comprising the following steps:

[0564] - creating a statistics of a plurality of quantum computer calculation results of the same type of predetermined quantum computer calculations of a quantum computer (QC), the plurality of quantum computer calculation results being transmitted in particular by the quantum computer (QC) to a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV);

[0565] - in particular the errors inferred by the Quantum Computer Monitoring Device (QUV),

[0566] wherein the false inference is made if quantum computer calculation results of a first number of predetermined quantum computer calculations of the quantum computer (QC) deviate with a frequency exceeding a predetermined first maximum value from quantum computer calculation results of the quantum computer (QC) that are expected for these quantum computer calculations.

[0567] Advantages of this feature: This application refers to similar advantages of the aforementioned feature 83.

[0568] Feature 87: According to the method of Feature 86,

[0569] wherein the count of the first number of deviations from the quantum computer calculation results expected by the quantum computer (QC) for these quantum computer calculations is reset again to a predetermined first starting value for this count value of the count, in particular to 0, if the quantum computer calculation results of a second number of consecutive quantum computer calculations agree in a predetermined manner with a frequency exceeding a predetermined second maximum value with the quantum computer calculation results of the quantum computer (QC) expected for these quantum computer calculations.

[0570] Advantages of this feature: This application refers to similar advantages of the aforementioned feature 83.

[0571] Feature 88: A method for operating a quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one or more of features 85 to 87, comprising the following steps:

[0572] - in the event of an error being inferred, in particular by the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), signaling the occurrence of the error to the quantum computer (QC) or to a superordinate system, in particular by the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), and / or

[0573] - in the case of an error inferred, in particular by means of a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), providing information about the occurrence of the error, in particular by means of a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV).

[0574] Advantages of this feature: This application refers to similar advantages of the aforementioned feature 83.

[0575] Feature 89: The method for operating a quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to feature 88, comprising the following steps:

[0576] - resetting the quantum computer (QC) and / or a sub-device of the quantum computer (QC) by signaling, in particular by signaling of a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV).

[0577] Advantage of this feature: In case of an error, the quantum computer (QC) is forced into a predefined new initial state, thereby re-establishing control over the quantum computer (QC).

[0578] Feature 90: The method for operating a quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to feature 89, comprising the following steps:

[0579] -Wherein, resetting the quantum computer (QC) by signal notification comprises: resetting a control computer (μC) of the quantum computer (QC).

[0580] Advantage of this feature: In case of an error, the quantum computer (QC) is forced into a predefined new initial state, thereby re-establishing control over the quantum computer (QC).

[0581] Feature 91: Method for operating a quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one or more of features 89 to 90,

[0582] wherein resetting the quantum computer (QC) by signaling causes the quantum computer (QC) to bring at least some of the quantum bits of the quantum computer into a predetermined and / or predeterminable state and / or into a predetermined superposition of a plurality of predetermined states.

[0583] The advantage of this feature is that in case of an error, the quantum computer (QC) is forced into a predefined new initial state, thereby re-establishing control over the quantum dots of the quantum computer (QC).

[0584] Feature 92: Method for operating a quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one or more of features 89 to 91,

[0585] - wherein resetting the quantum computer (QC) by signaling causes the quantum computer (QC) to perform at least one predetermined quantum computer calculation.

[0586] Advantages of this method: After resetting the quantum bits of the quantum register of the quantum computer (QC), the quantum bits of the quantum register of the quantum computer (QC) can be set to a more complex intermediate state. For example, the quantum computer calculation that was performed until the reset can be performed again.

[0587] Feature 93: A method for operating a quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to feature 92,

[0588] - wherein the quantum computer (QC) transmits a quantum computer calculation result of the quantum computer calculation to a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV).

[0589] Advantages of this feature: The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can therefore perform statistics on quantum computer calculation results of predefined quantum computer calculations and compare them with the expected statistical distribution of these quantum computer calculations and thus infer errors of the quantum computer (QC).

[0590] Feature 94: A method for operating a quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to feature 93,

[0591] - wherein the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) verifies the quantum computer calculation results of the quantum computer calculation of the quantum computer (QC).

[0592] Advantages of this feature: The advantages correspond to the advantages of feature 93.

[0593] Feature 95: A method for operating a quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one or more of features 82 to 94, comprising the following steps:

[0594] - manipulating the quantum bits of a quantum computer (QC), in particular by means of a quantum computer (QC),

[0595] - so that, in the event of a resetting of the quantum computer, in particular by the quantum computer (QC), the quantum bits of the quantum computer (QC) are set to a predetermined combination of superposition quantum states.

[0596] Advantage of this feature: Thus, during resetting of the quantum bits (QUB) of the quantum registers of the quantum computer (QC), the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can set very specific quantum states of the quantum bits of the quantum registers of the quantum computer (QC).

[0597] Feature 96: A method for operating a quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one or more of features 82 to 95, comprising the following steps:

[0598] - In the event of an error in the quantum computer (QC) or in an auxiliary unit thereof which can be detected by the quantum computer (QC) itself, in particular by its control computer (μC) or another auxiliary device of the quantum computer (QC) to trigger a reset function from the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), in particular by transmitting erroneous quantum computer calculation results in particular via the quantum computer (QC) to the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), a targeted error driving of the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) is performed.

[0599] Advantages of this feature: In certain structures, the quantum computer (QC) cannot automatically trigger a complete reset of all or important sub-devices of the quantum computer (QC). However, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) associated therewith is preferably able to do this. In the event that the quantum computer (QC) identifies an error that requires resetting all and / or at least important sub-devices of the quantum computer, the quantum computer (QC) simulates an error with respect to the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), which then identifies such an error and triggers a reset of all and / or at least important sub-devices of the quantum computer (QC). Therefore, the quantum computer (QC1) is still able to reset itself in the end. Here, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can perform further rationality checks to prevent the quantum computer (QC) from accidentally resetting itself.

[0600] Feature 97: A method for operating a quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to feature 96,

[0601] - wherein a reset function from a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) triggers a reset of a control computer (μC) of a quantum computer (QC).

[0602] Advantage of this feature: The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can thus bring the control computer (μC) of the quantum computer (QC) into a defined state again.

[0603] Feature 98: A method for operating a quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one or more of features 96 to 97,

[0604] - wherein a reset function from the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) causes the quantum computer (QC) to bring at least some of the quantum bits of the quantum computer into a predetermined and / or predeterminable state and / or into a predetermined superposition of a plurality of predetermined states.

[0605] Advantage of this feature: Therefore, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can bring these parts of the quantum computer (QC) into a defined state again.

[0606] Feature 99: A method for operating a quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one or more of features 96 to 98,

[0607] - wherein a reset function from a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) causes the quantum computer (QC) to perform at least one predetermined quantum computer calculation.

[0608] Advantage of this feature: The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can therefore bring these quantum bits of the quantum registers of the quantum computer (QC) into a defined quantum state again.

[0609] Feature 100: A method for operating a quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to feature 99,

[0610] - wherein the quantum computer (QC) transmits a quantum computer calculation result of the quantum computer calculation to a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV).

[0611] Advantages of this feature: Therefore, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can verify whether the quantum bits of the quantum registers of the quantum computer (QC) are in a set state when the quantum computer calculations are performed multiple times with the expected statistical distribution, and whether the quantum bits of the quantum registers of the quantum computer (QC) can be placed in the expected state.

[0612] Feature 101: A method for operating a quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to feature 100,

[0613] - wherein the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) verifies the quantum computer calculation results of the quantum computer calculation of the quantum computer (QC).

[0614] Advantages of this feature: See advantages of feature 100.

[0615] Feature 102: A method for operating a quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one or more of features 82 to 101, comprising the following steps:

[0616] - if before a predetermined second point in time a quantum computer calculation result is transmitted, in particular by the quantum computer (QC), to the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), in particular an error is inferred by the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV),

[0617] - wherein the predetermined second time point is after the predetermined time point or equal to the predetermined time point.

[0618] Advantages of this feature: If the quantum computer (QC) provides a result earlier than expected for any reason, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can infer an error, since the quantum computer (QC) requires a predetermined time to perform a specific quantum operation and therefore cannot provide a result before a predeterminable period of time has passed. Therefore, such an error can be detected by this test.

[0619] Feature 103: A method for operating a quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one or more of features 82 to 103, comprising the following steps:

[0620] - if after a predetermined third point in time the quantum computer calculation result is transmitted, in particular by the quantum computer (QC), to the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), in particular an error is inferred by the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV),

[0621] - wherein the predetermined third time point is after the predetermined time point or equal to the predetermined time point.

[0622] Advantages of this feature: If the quantum computer (QC) provides a result significantly later than expected for any reason, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can infer an error, since the quantum computer (QC) requires a predetermined time to perform a specific quantum operation and should therefore be able to provide a result after a predetermined time period has passed. If the quantum computer (QC) provides a result significantly later, the control computer (μC) is blocked for any reason due to unforeseen processes within the quantum computer (QC). In this case, this can be, for example, due to an excessively high interrupt load on the control computer (μC) caused by a fault in the drive and / or readout device of the quantum bit and / or other faults in the sub-device of the quantum computer (QC). When such an error occurs repeatedly, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) preferably initiates a self-diagnosis of the sub-device of the quantum computer (QC) and / or the quantum computer (QC). Therefore, such an error can be detected by this test.

[0623] Feature 104: A method for operating a quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one or more of features 82 to 103, comprising the following steps:

[0624] - Before the start of the predetermined time period, signaling the quantum computer (QC), in particular via the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), to inform the quantum computer (QC) which predetermined quantum computer calculation or calculations should be performed.

[0625] Advantages of this feature: Thus, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can verify the quantum computer calculation function of the quantum computer (QC) and verify the function and effect of individual quantum operations. Since individual quantum computer calculations only provide specific results with specific probabilities, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) performs an evaluation based on the statistics of multiple quantum computer calculation results, preferably based on the statistics of multiple quantum computer calculation results of the same quantum computer calculation.

[0626] Feature 105: A method for operating a quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one or more of features 82 to 104, comprising the following steps:

[0627] - Signalling the start time and possibly the end time of the predetermined time period, or the duration of the predetermined time period, to the quantum computer (QC), in particular via the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV).

[0628] Advantages of this feature: For example, if the quantum computer (QC) does not respond to the request of the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) in time, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can therefore cause the quantum computer (QC) to take measures on its own. Therefore, it is obviously not absolutely necessary for the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) to initiate these measures. On the contrary, if the time for responding to the request of the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) has passed, the control computer (μC) of the quantum computer (QC) can also initiate corresponding measures.

[0629] Feature 106: A method for operating a quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one or more of features 82 to 105, comprising the following steps:

[0630] If the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) is driven too frequently, in particular by the quantum computer (QC), in particular with a frequency exceeding a predetermined driving period within an additional period of time, in particular by the quantum computer (QC), an error is inferred, in particular by the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV).

[0631] Advantages of this feature: Thus, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) is able to identify failures of the quantum computer (QC) and / or sub-devices of the quantum computer (QC).

[0632] Feature 107: A method for operating a quantum computer system (QUSYS) according to any one or more of features 82 to 106, comprising the following steps:

[0633] - monitoring the quantum computer (QC) for failures via the quantum computer (QC) itself, and / or

[0634] - monitoring another component and / or functional element of the quantum computer system (QUSYS) by means of the quantum computer (QC) for a malfunction, and / or

[0635] -Monitoring quantum computer system components for failures via the quantum computer (QC) itself.

[0636] Advantages of this feature: In particular, a control computer (μC) of a quantum computer (QC) can be operated as a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) of another quantum computer (QC) in the quantum computer (QC1 to QC16) in the quantum computer system (QUSYS). In this way, multiple quantum computers in the quantum computers (QC1 to QC16) of the quantum computer system (QUSYS) can monitor each other. In this case, each quantum computer (QC) in the quantum computers (QC1 to QC16) of the quantum computer system (QUSYS) at least temporarily acts as a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) of another quantum computer in the quantum computer (QC1 to QC16) of the quantum computer system (QUSYS).

[0637] Feature 108: A method for monitoring a correct quantum computer program flow of a quantum computer system (QUSYS) provided with a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), in particular using the method according to any one or more of features 82 to 107,

[0638] - wherein the quantum computer system (QUSYS) comprises a quantum computer (QC), and

[0639] wherein the quantum computer (QC) drives the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) with messages at specific time intervals, in particular via the data bus (DB), and

[0640] - wherein the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) triggers a reset of the quantum computer (QC) in the absence of the drive (reset function).

[0641] Advantages of this feature: Therefore, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can bring the quantum computer (QC) into a defined state again.

[0642] Feature 109: According to the method of Feature 108,

[0643] - wherein the reset causes the control computer (μC) of the quantum computer (QC) to jump to a quantum computer program start point or another predetermined program point of the quantum computer program.

[0644] Advantage of this feature: The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can thus bring the control computer (μC) of the quantum computer (QC) into a defined state again.

[0645] Feature 110: The method according to any one or more of features 108 to 109,

[0646] - wherein the resetting causes the control computer (μC) of the quantum computer (QC) to bring at least some of the quantum bits of the quantum computer (QC) into a predefined or predefinable quantum state, or into a predefined or predefinable superposition of such a quantum state,

[0647] - wherein the qubits comprise at least a portion of qubits of a quantum computer (QC).

[0648] Advantages of this feature: Therefore, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can make the quantum bits of the quantum registers of the quantum computer (QC) and / or part of the quantum bits of the quantum registers of the quantum computer (QC) enter the defined quantum state again.

[0649] Feature 111: The method according to any one or more of features 108 to 110, characterized in that

[0650] - When a fault that can be recognized by the quantum computer (QC) occurs to trigger a reset function from the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), the quantum computer (QC) performs a targeted error drive of the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV).

[0651] Advantages of this feature: In certain structures, the quantum computer (QC) cannot automatically trigger a complete reset of all or important sub-devices of the quantum computer (QC). However, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) associated therewith is preferably able to do this. In the event that the quantum computer (QC) identifies an error that requires resetting all and / or at least important sub-devices of the quantum computer (QC), the quantum computer (QC) simulates an error with respect to the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV). The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) then identifies this error and triggers a reset of all and / or at least important sub-devices of the quantum computer (QC). Therefore, the quantum computer (QC1) is ultimately still able to reset itself. Here, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can perform further rationality checks to prevent the quantum computer (QC) from accidentally resetting itself.

[0652] This application claims priority to German patent application DE 10 2021 110964.7 filed on April 28, 2021.

[0653] Reference numerals list

[0654] A predetermined, specially protected address range within the memory (MEM) of the AB quantum computer (QC);

[0655] BPL bypass line;

[0656] DB data bus;

[0657] GR A device controlled or regulated by a quantum computer (QC);

[0658] GSTL device control circuit, via which the quantum computer (QC) controls or regulates the device (GR). The device control circuit preferably comprises a circuit for transmitting control commands and / or control signals from the quantum computer (QC) to the device (GR) and / or a circuit for transmitting data and / or measured value signals from the device (GR) to the quantum computer (QC). The device control circuit can also be bidirectional and / or analog and / or digital and / or differential and / or have voltage-controlled and / or current-controlled signaling;

[0659] ICLK is the internal clock generator of the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV);

[0660] iCLK is the internal clock of the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV). The internal clock generator of the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) generates the internal clock of the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), which preferably drives the logic components of the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV);

[0661] iCNTS internal counter event signal;

[0662] INTR interrupt line;

[0663] ITR quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) signaling line. Using this signaling line, the quantum computer monitoring device preferably signals the central control unit (ZSE) that the quantum computer system (QUSYS) needs to be controlled.

[0664] or one or more quantum computers of a quantum computer system (QUSYS)

[0665] (QC1 to QC16) are reset. In the simplest case, the signaling line is a reset or interrupt line of the computer of the central control unit (ZSE). The signaling line can be a data bus, etc., via which the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) can send the quantum computer system to the reset circuit.

[0666] (QUSYS) to the Central Control Equipment (ZSE) and / or may request measures to reduce, eliminate or prevent the quantum computer system

[0667] (QUSYS) error;

[0668] μC is the control computer of the quantum computer (QC);

[0669] μC1 The first control computer of the first quantum computer (QC1);

[0670] μC2 The second control computer of the second quantum computer (QC2);

[0671] μC3 The third control computer of the third quantum computer (QC3);

[0672] μC4 is the fourth control computer of the fourth quantum computer (QC4);

[0673] μC5 The fifth control computer of the fifth quantum computer (QC5);

[0674] μC6 The sixth control computer of the sixth quantum computer (QC6);

[0675] μC7 is the seventh control computer of the seventh quantum computer (QC7);

[0676] μC8 The eighth control computer of the eighth quantum computer (QC8);

[0677] μC9 is the ninth control computer of the ninth quantum computer (QC9);

[0678] μC10 is the tenth control computer of the tenth quantum computer (QC10);

[0679] μC11 is the eleventh control computer of the eleventh quantum computer (QC11);

[0680] μC12 The twelfth control computer of the twelfth quantum computer (QC12);

[0681] μC13 The thirteenth control computer of the thirteenth quantum computer (QC13);

[0682] μC14 The fourteenth control computer of the Fourteenth Quantum Computer (QC14);

[0683] μC15 The fifteenth control computer of the fifteenth quantum computer (QC15);

[0684] μC16 The sixteenth control computer of the sixteenth quantum computer (QC16);

[0685] μCQUV is the control computer of the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV). If the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) is itself a quantum computer (QC), it can be the control computer (μC) of the quantum computer;

[0686] The first device for manipulating the quantum bits (QUB) of a quantum computer (QC) of the M1 quantum computer (QC). Control computer of a quantum computer (QC)

[0687] (μC) preferably controls the first devices and reads out their operating state values ​​via a data bus (QCDB) of the quantum computer (QC);

[0688] A second device of the M2 quantum computer (QC) for reading out the quantum state of a quantum bit (QUB) of the quantum computer (QC). The control computer (μC) of the quantum computer (QC) preferably controls the second device and reads out the quantum state of a quantum bit (QUB) of the quantum computer (QC).

[0689] The data bus (QCDB) of (QC) reads out their operation state values, measurement values ​​and the determined quantum state values ​​of the quantum bits (QUB);

[0690] MEM The memory of the control computer (μC) of a quantum computer (QC);

[0691] NVM Non-volatile memory;

[0692] QC quantum computer. It can be a quantum computer in a quantum computer (QC1 to QC16) of a quantum computer system (QUSYS). It is preferably a quantum computer with paramagnetic centers as quantum bits of the quantum computer. These paramagnetic centers preferably include NV centers and / or SiV centers and / or TR1 centers and / or L1 centers and / or TiV centers and / or GeV centers and / or SnV centers and / or NiN4 centers and / or PbV centers and / or

[0693] or ST1 centers, etc. Particularly preferably, these paramagnetic centers essentially include NV centers. Preferably, the quantum computer is a room temperature quantum computer, which does not require cooling to operate at an ambient temperature above 0°C;

[0694] QC1 The first quantum computer of the Exemplary Quantum Computer System (QUSYS);

[0695] QC2 The second quantum computer of the Exemplary Quantum Computer System (QUSYS);

[0696] QC3 The third quantum computer of the Exemplary Quantum Computer System (QUSYS);

[0697] QC4 The fourth quantum computer of the Exemplary Quantum Computer System (QUSYS);

[0698] QC5 The fifth quantum computer of the Exemplary Quantum Computer System (QUSYS);

[0699] QC6 The sixth quantum computer of the Exemplary Quantum Computer System (QUSYS);

[0700] QC7 The seventh quantum computer of the Exemplary Quantum Computer System (QUSYS);

[0701] QC8 The eighth quantum computer of the Exemplary Quantum Computer System (QUSYS);

[0702] QC9 The ninth quantum computer of the Exemplary Quantum Computer System (QUSYS);

[0703] QC10 The tenth quantum computer of the Exemplary Quantum Computer System (QUSYS);

[0704] QC11 The eleventh quantum computer of the Exemplary Quantum Computer System (QUSYS); QC12 The twelfth quantum computer of the Exemplary Quantum Computer System (QUSYS); QC13 The thirteenth quantum computer of the Exemplary Quantum Computer System (QUSYS); QC14 The fourteenth quantum computer of the Exemplary Quantum Computer System (QUSYS); QC15 The fifteenth quantum computer of the Exemplary Quantum Computer System (QUSYS); QC16 The sixteenth quantum computer of the Exemplary Quantum Computer System (QUSYS); QCDB The internal data bus of a quantum computer (QC);

[0705] QUB quantum bit;

[0706] QUP A specially protected quantum bit (QUB) among the quantum bits (QB) of a quantum computer (QC). A quantum computer (QC) does not always need to have specially protected quantum bits. The control computer (μC) or another authorized computer preferably protects such specially protected quantum bits by setting one or more flags or similar information, which are preferably located in the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV). Before performing the desired manipulation of the specially protected quantum bits, the control computer (μC) of the quantum computer (QC) or other authorized computer deletes these flags. After quantum computer calculations using these specially protected quantum bits (QUP), the control computer (μC) of the quantum computer (QC) or other authorized computer preferably sets these flags again, thereby restoring protection. Preferably, changing these flags requires transferring a password to a register, and if the password in the register matches a predetermined value, the register allows the flag to be changed;

[0707] QUSYS quantum computer system;

[0708] QUV Quantum Computer Monitoring Device. The Quantum Computer Monitoring Device can monitor the central control unit as part of the quantum computer system (QUSYS)

[0709] (ZSE) and quantum computers (QC1 to QC16) of a quantum computer system (QUSYS), and / or a control computer (μC) that monitors a quantum computer (QC) as part of a quantum computer (QC) and other sub-devices of a quantum computer (QC). These sub-devices preferably include quantum bits and their drive and readout devices, as well as devices for manipulating the quantum bits of a quantum computer (QC), etc.;

[0710] RAM Read / write memory of the control computer (μC) of a quantum computer (QC);

[0711] SdT Existing Technology;

[0712] SYSC system components;

[0713] SYSCDB may include exemplary other signal lines of the data bus;

[0714] TERM Terminal. Figure 4 In the example of , the terminal is used as a central control unit (ZSE); The central control unit of the ZSE quantum computer system (QUSYS).

Claims

1. A device for monitoring a quantum computer (QC), in, The device includes a quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), and wherein the quantum computer (QC) comprises an internal clock (ICLK), and wherein the quantum computer (QC) is connected and / or connectable to the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) in particular via a data bus (DB) or a dedicated signal line for monitoring the quantum computer (QC), and wherein the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) is connected and / or can be connected to the internal clock (ICLK) for monitoring the system clock of the quantum computer (QC), and / or wherein the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) comprises means for verifying the quantum computer program flow of a quantum computer program of the quantum computer (QC), and / or wherein the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) comprises means for verifying the correctness of the functions of the quantum computer (QC), and / or Therein, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) comprises means for verifying the correct execution of the manipulation of the quantum bits (QUB) of the quantum computer (QC).

2. The device according to claim 1, in, The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) comprises means for monitoring operating parameters of the quantum computer (QC), such as magnetic field and / or electromagnetic wave irradiation and / or temperature and / or radiation, and wherein the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) comprises means for monitoring the testing of a system component (SYSC) of the quantum computer (QC), and Therein, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) transmits an error message to the quantum computer (QC) when at least one error is identified, and increases, decreases or changes an error counter in a predetermined manner.

3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) transmits a test problem to the quantum computer (QC) when verifying the quantum computer program, and The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) monitors the correctness and / or timing and / or statistical correctness of the response of the quantum computer (QC), and computing a response to the test problem requires at least one manipulation of the state of a quantum bit of the quantum computer (QC) and / or performing at least one quantum operation on the quantum computer (QC), In this case, a quantum operation is generally a monitored operation of the quantum computer (QC) which modifies the quantum state of at least one quantum bit of at least one quantum register of the quantum computer (QC).

4. The device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that When monitoring the test of the system component, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) transmits a test command to the quantum computer (QC), and The quantum computer (QC) sends the quantum computer calculation result corresponding to the test problem back to the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV), and the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) monitors the correctness and / or time point and / or statistical correctness of the quantum computer calculation result.

5. The device according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that When at least one error is identified, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) causes a device (GR) connected to the quantum computer (QC): disabling the functionality of said device (GR) for a predetermined period of time, or put said device (GR) into a safe state, or preventing said quantum computer (QC) from accessing said device (GR), or connecting said device (GR) to a quantum computer simulation device without being connected to said quantum computer (QC), Therein, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) is preferably directly connectable to the apparatus (GR).

6. The device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that If the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) identifies at least one other error in the quantum computer (QC) during the disabling of the device (GR) or when the device (GR) is in a safe state, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) extends the disabling of the device (GR) or the time during which the device (GR) is in a safe state.

7. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that When the error counter reaches a predetermined value, the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) disables the device (GR) or puts the device (GR) in a safe state until the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) is shut down.

8. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that The device (GR) capable of being connected to the quantum computer (QC) is a system of vehicles, flying or floating bodies, robots, aircraft, satellites, or weapon systems.

9. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) disables the device (GR) when switched on and / or places the device (GR) in a safe state until the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) recognizes correctness, in particular at the point of feature 0.

10. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that The error counter and the individual errors can be read out from the quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) by the quantum computer (QC).

11. The device according to any one of claims 2 to 10, characterized in that The quantum computer monitoring device (QUV) determines the time point of the response of the quantum computer (QC) and the task confirmation by means of at least one internal counter (ICNT) or timer.

12. Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that The response of the quantum computer (QC) depends on at least one manipulation of a quantum bit of the quantum computer (QC).

Images