Agroforestry and wetland complex system and comprehensive efficiency enhancement method for rice-growing and aquaculture areas

Abstract

The present invention provides an agro-forestry-wetland complex system and a rice-growing and aquatic area comprehensive efficiency enhancement method, including: an ecological rice field area, an ecological pond area, a forest-wetland complex area, an aquaculture area, and an ecological hydroponic area; the ecological rice field area is connected to the ecological pond area through a pipeline, the ecological pond area is connected to the forest-wetland complex area through a pipeline, the forest-wetland complex area is connected to the aquaculture area through a pipeline, the aquaculture area is connected to the ecological hydroponic area through a pipeline, and the water containing bottom mud, residual bait and biological debris in the ecological hydroponic area is connected to the ecological rice field area through a pipeline. This application is based on the different nutrient requirements of each unit, with agro-forestry-wetland complex as the core, and transforms the opposing relationship between the water, fertilizer, and bait requirements of rice fields and aquaculture ponds and the treatment of tailwater pollution into a coupled and adaptive multi-cooperative relationship.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, and in particular to an agro-forestry-wetland composite system and a comprehensive efficiency enhancement method for rice-growing and aquatic areas. Background Art

[0002] Fertilizers and pesticides are used during rice cultivation, and a large amount of farmland tailwater containing a large amount of pollutants is discharged, which becomes the culprit of river pollution, lake eutrophication and biodiversity decline. In addition, traditional irrigation methods not only cause water accumulation in the fields, but also create an anaerobic environment, making it an important source of greenhouse gas CH4 emissions. On the other hand, water used in aquaculture is often taken from local rivers, so it is vulnerable to the pollution threat of farmland tailwater. At the same time, aquaculture also faces the problem of tailwater discharge meeting standards. During the breeding process, 52%~95% of N, 85% of P, and 80%~88% of C in feed are lost through feed waste, biological excretion and respiration, resulting in aquaculture tailwater rich in pollutants such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus, organic matter and biological residues, which increases the pollution load of surrounding rivers and lakes. Therefore, for agricultural areas with both rice and aquaculture, it is urgent to solve multiple problems such as agricultural non-point source pollution, greenhouse gas emissions and biodiversity decline while maintaining the existing high-yield capacity.

[0003] In response to the above problems, most of the existing technologies only propose solutions for rice farming and aquaculture respectively, such as a three-level wetland system of rice fields coupled with ponds and ditches in the embankment area (publication number CN111955387A), which controls non-point source pollution, reduces the use of chemical fertilizers by half, and reduces the use of pesticides by about 1 / 3, but lacks relevant measures to control greenhouse gas emissions from rice fields; a pond cleaning aquaculture system (publication number CN118614452A) carries out engineering transformation of the original aquaculture pond, and makes the pond aquaculture water flow through water-pushing aeration equipment to purify the water body, but it removes the excrement and remaining bait in the aquaculture process out of the pond, and does not fully utilize them as resources. In addition, there are also many technical solutions for integrated rice-fish farming that combine rice farming and aquaculture. The aquaculture objects cover fish, shrimp, crabs, shellfish, amphibians and reptiles, and are mainly integrated rice-shrimp, rice-fish, and rice-crab farming. A method for integrated cultivation and breeding of rice and two shrimps in rice fields (publication number CN114223483A). However, it is difficult to reconcile the different water demands, water management and rice field transformation requirements of rice cultivation and aquaculture during the co-cultivation period in the above technical model. Rice cultivation requires alternating dry and wet water control. The suitable water level for rice production is shallow for aquatic animals. The water depth must be deepened and relevant oxygenation settings must be equipped, which affects the rice yield. In addition, rice fields involve both aquaculture and rice cultivation. Fish and shrimp are more sensitive to pesticides and have high requirements for water quality. This poses new challenges to the refined management of bait fertilizers and scientific use of drugs. The existing extensive technology is difficult to fully meet the requirements of modern green and organic cultivation and breeding models, and often leads to various problems such as high cultivation and breeding costs, rampant diseases, and low yields. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the defects in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an agro-forestry-wetland composite system and a comprehensive efficiency enhancement method for rice-growing and aquatic areas.

[0005] According to the present invention, an agro-forestry-wetland complex system is provided, comprising: an ecological rice field area, an ecological pond area, a forest-wetland complex area, an aquaculture area and an ecological hydroponic area;

[0006] The ecological rice field area is connected to the ecological pond area through a pipeline, the ecological pond area is connected to the forest-wetland complex area through a pipeline, the forest-wetland complex area is connected to the aquaculture area through a pipeline, the aquaculture area is connected to the ecological hydroponic area through a pipeline, and the water containing bottom mud, residual bait and biological debris in the ecological hydroponic area is connected to the ecological rice field area through a pipeline.

[0007] Preferably, a diversion ridge is provided in the ecological rice field area, and a gap is provided on the diversion ridge to guide the incoming water to flow fully through the rice field in a baffled form. The ecological rice field area adopts a wet / dry cycle alternating cycle.

[0008] Preferably, the ecological pond area is arranged as a gentle slope, a lifting dam is arranged on the side of the ecological pond area connected to the forest-wetland complex area, and overflow sections are arranged on both sides of the lifting dam.

[0009] Preferably, the forest-wetland complex area is provided with woodlands, rivers and a plurality of shallow ponds, and the forest-wetland complex area is planted with water-resistant tree species;

[0010] The water area of ​​the forest-wet complex accounts for 5%, the bottom width of the river channel is 2-3m, the bottom elevation is less than or equal to 1.5m, the water depth of the river channel is less than or equal to 20cm, and the water depth of the shallow pond is 0-35cm.

[0011] Preferably, the aquaculture area is provided with floating high-density aquaculture facilities, the aquaculture area is provided with a sludge suction pump to recover particulate matter, and the aquaculture area is provided with an aeration pump.

[0012] Preferably, the ecological hydroponic area is provided with a shallow water area and a local deep water area, and the water depth in the shallow water area is less than 0.8 m.

[0013] Preferably, the height of the diversion ridge is 10-20 cm, and the ratio of the gap to the length of the diversion ridge is 0.5-0.8;

[0014] The water depth of the field surface in the ecological rice field area is 3-5 cm, the flow rate of the field surface water between the diversion ridges is 15-30 m / h, and the distance of the field surface water flowing between the diversion ridges is 100-200 m;

[0015] The wet / dry cycle alternation in the ecological rice field area is achieved by controlling the water inlet time and flow rate through solenoid valves and valves, with the flooding time being 10 hours and the draining time being 14 hours.

[0016] Preferably, the area ratio of the ecological pond area to the paddy field in the ecological rice field area is 0.05-0.2, the slope ratio of the ecological pond area is gentler than 1:5, the average water depth of the cross section of the ecological pond area is 0.8-2m, and the ratio of the length of the overflow section to the lifting dam is 0.4-0.8.

[0017] Preferably, a method for comprehensive efficiency enhancement of rice-growing and aquatic areas achieved by the agro-forestry-wetland composite system comprises the following steps:

[0018] Step S1, guiding the tailwater of the ecological rice field area to flow into the ecological pond area by gravity;

[0019] Step S2, regulating the water level through the lifting dam in the ecological pond area, and using a water pump to regularly lift the regulated farmland drainage to the forest-wetland complex area;

[0020] Step S3, using the composite structure of the forest-wetland composite area to deeply purify the rice field tail water and then collect it into the aquaculture area;

[0021] Step S4, the aquaculture area allows the tail water containing residual bait and biological debris to flow into the ecological hydroponic area by gravity, and introduces organic particles into the ecological hydroponic area as a source of nutrients to replace fertilizers;

[0022] Step S5, draining the nutrient-rich drainage water from the ecological hydroponic area into the ecological rice field area, using the ecological rice field area to absorb and utilize the nutrients and promote rice growth;

[0023] Step S6: the purified water from the rice fields is discharged back into the ecological pond area, thus forming an internal circulation.

[0024] Preferably, in step S4, the ecological hydroponic area is sown and seedlings are raised at a spacing of 1 meter square, with 65-90 kg of seeds used per mu.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] 1. Pollution control and emission reduction: This application is based on the different nutrient requirements of each unit, with agro-forestry-wetland integration as the core, and transforms the opposing relationship between the water, fertilizer, and feed requirements of rice fields and breeding ponds and the treatment of tailwater pollution into a coupled and adaptive multi-cooperative relationship; the application forms a circulating flow within the system and reasonably controls the flow rate of the water body, fully utilizes the nutrients in the water body, and removes large suspended particles and nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the tailwater through sedimentation, soil adsorption, plant absorption, and microbial nitrification and denitrification in ponds, rice wetlands, forest wetlands, and ecological hydroponic areas, thereby achieving purification of irrigation water and reuse of nutrients, and reducing the potential risk of eutrophication of the surrounding receiving water bodies.

[0027] 2. Increased land output efficiency: This application adopts a new agricultural production method that creates low fertilization, low energy consumption and low greenhouse gas emissions to produce high-quality green ecological agricultural products. The system's rice yield per mu reaches 9.74t / mu, the swamp shrimp yield reaches 1,000 jin / mu, the water chestnut yield is about 800 kilograms, and the lotus root yield is about 500 kilograms. The income per mu can be increased by more than 4,000 yuan, thereby improving the overall ecosystem service value.

[0028] 3. Control greenhouse gas emissions: The rapid wet / dry cycle alternation of tidal flows and low-velocity water disturbances in forest-wet complexes and rice wetlands form aerobic-anaerobic alternation conditions, which are beneficial to increasing the dissolved oxygen content in the water and enhancing the reoxygenation capacity of rice fields, thereby inhibiting the heterotrophic respiration of methanogens and reducing methane production.

[0029] 4. Improve biodiversity: The alternating wet and dry environment of tidal flows promotes the formation of stable shallow-water habitats and deep-water habitats. At the same time, there are woodlands, ponds, etc. in the system, which meet the specific habitat needs of amphibians, aquatic insects, etc. at different stages of their life history, provide habitats and food sources for frogs, birds, benthic animals, etc., attract beneficial insects such as damselflies, increase the number of natural enemy species and the ratio of natural enemy abundance to pest abundance, inhibit pest outbreaks, and improve the stability of the ecosystem and biodiversity in the region.

[0030] 5. Composite utilization of spatial resources: connecting and coupling a variety of ecosystems, improving the water-land connectivity, regional flood control and drainage capabilities, and water source regulation and storage capabilities in the region, improving soil erosion, and enhancing the resilience of the flood control safety system in the region, creating a "more natural, more ecological, greener, safer, and more beautiful" high-quality open space. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:

[0032] Figure 1 This is the schematic diagram of the agroforestry system;

[0033] Figure 2 This is the water flow diagram for the agroforestry system;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a partial schematic diagram of the forest-wetland complex area;

[0035] As shown in the figure:

[0036] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several changes and improvements can also be made without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0038] In response to the many ecological and environmental problems arising from rice-aquaculture areas, this application proposes to construct an agro-forestry-wetland complex system consisting of core units such as ecological rice fields 1, ecological pond areas 2, forest-wetland complex areas 3, high-density aquaculture areas 4, and ecological hydroponic areas 5 through the organic combination of rice fields, breeding ponds, woodlands, and small and micro rivers. On this basis, through hydrological regulation and pond mud recycling measures, the opposing relationships between the water, fertilizer, and feed requirements of rice fields and breeding ponds and the treatment of tailwater pollution, the habitat support of key species, and the outbreak of insect pests are transformed into a coupled and adaptive multi-cooperative relationship, creating a diverse biological habitat and paddy field wetland landscape, forming an integrated and coordinated system of rice fields, small and micro wetlands, rice wetlands, and woodlands, giving full play to the overall ecological function of the agro-forestry-wetland complex space, integrating agricultural value-added, methane control, forestland efficiency, water resource recycling, and biodiversity protection, and improving the diversity, stability, and sustainability of the agricultural regional ecosystem.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] like Figure 1-2 As shown, the principle of the technical means of realizing water recycling, nutrient removal, methane emission control and biological conservation in this embodiment is: through the organic coupling of rice fields, breeding ponds, woodlands and small rivers, an agro-forestry-wetland complex system with self-sustaining and self-circulating capabilities is constructed, which is composed of core units such as ecological rice field area 1, ecological pond area 2, forest-wetland complex area 3, aquaculture area 4, and ecological hydroponic area 5. A water pump 6 is provided between the adjacent ecological rice field area 1, ecological pond area 2, forest-wetland complex area 3, aquaculture area 4, and ecological hydroponic area 5.

[0041] This embodiment realizes water recycling and nutrient removal in the following ways: first, the tail water of the ecological rice field area 1 is guided to flow into the ecological pond area 2 by gravity, the water level of the ecological pond area 2 is regulated by the intelligent lifting dam 21, and the regulated farmland drainage is regularly lifted by the water pump 6 to the forest-wet complex area 3; the composite structure of the forest-wet complex area 3 is used to deeply purify the tail water of the rice field and then merge it into the high-density aquaculture area 4, and then the tail water of the aquaculture area 4 containing residual bait and biological debris flows into the ecological hydroponic area 5 by gravity, and organic particles are introduced into the ecological hydroponic area 5 and used as a source of nutrients to replace fertilizers, and finally, the ecological hydroponic area 5 rich in nutrients is discharged into the ecological rice field area 1, and the ecological rice field area 1 is used to absorb and utilize nutrients and promote rice growth, and the purified rice field water is discharged into the ecological pond area 2, thereby forming an internal cycle. The methane emission control of this embodiment is mainly achieved through hydrological regulation, that is, using a water pump 6 to regularly lift the water body of the ecological pond area 2 to the forest-wet complex area 3, so as to form a tidal flow state in the subsequent forest-wet complex area 3, aquaculture area 4, ecological hydroponic area 5, and ecological rice field area 1, so as to maintain aerobic-anaerobic alternating conditions in the forest-wet complex area 3 and the ecological rice field area 1, and control methane emissions. The realization of the biological conservation function is mainly to construct a diverse habitat including wetlands, ponds, woodlands, etc. At the same time, no pesticides are added during agricultural production, making the system a habitat for local species including birds, frogs, aquatic insects, etc.

[0042] like Figure 3 As shown, it is a schematic diagram of the water body of the ecological rice field area 1 being discharged from the overflow section 22 through the ecological pond area 2 to the forest-wetland complex area 3, in which the ecological pond area 2 is omitted. The overflow section 22 is set at the end of the ecological rice field area 1. In addition, the lifting dam 21 of the ecological pond area 2 is used to regulate the water level, and then the water is lifted to the forest-wetland complex area 3 by the water pump 6.

[0043] Specifically, this embodiment includes:

[0044] Ecological rice field area 1: diversion ridges 11 are arranged in the rice fields to guide the incoming water to fully flow through the rice fields in the form of deflection, and advance at a relatively low flow rate, with the flow rate controlled at 15-30m / h. The distance that the water flows through the rice wetland in ecological rice field area 1 is 100-200m. The height of the diversion ridge 11 is 10-20cm, and a gap is left between the diversion ridge 11 and the farmland ridge, and the gaps are arranged at intervals at the left and right ends, thus forming a deflection path. The depth of the field surface water is controlled at 3-5cm; the ratio of the gap to the length of the diversion ridge 11 is 0.5-0.8. 1-2 seedlings are planted per hole per mu of rice, and the planting depth is 2-3cm. By using tidal flow, the water from the ecological hydroponic area 5, which is rich in bottom mud, residual bait and biological debris, enters the ecological rice field area 1 through pipes, which can replace the application of part of the fertilizer. Most of the pollutants are removed as nutrients for rice fields through soil adsorption, plant absorption, microbial nitrification and denitrification, and the large suspended matter and nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the tail water are converted into rice field fertilizers, achieving the purification of the tail water and the reuse of nutrients.

[0045] Ecological pond area 2: Use the existing small and micro rivers around the area for appropriate transformation, or dig ponds in low-lying areas according to the terrain, and add intelligent lifting dams 21 to form ecological ponds with storage and regulation functions; guide the tailwater of ecological rice field area 1 to flow into ecological pond area 2 by constructing connecting pipelines, and set up water pumps 6 to lift the farmland drainage stored in the area to the forest-wet composite area 3. The average water depth of the ecological pond section is 0.8-2m, the area ratio of ecological pond area 2 to ecological rice field area 1 is 0.05-0.2, and the slope of ecological pond area 2 should adopt a natural gentle slope, and the slope ratio should be gentler than 1:5. The lifting dam 21 is controlled by automated facilities and is a known device. When the water level is insufficient, the lifting dam 21 regulates and stores water in the ecological pond area 2, and when the water level is too high, it is drained to the forest-wet composite area 3.

[0046] Forest-wetland complex area 3: connected to ecological pond area 2, used to conserve high-quality water sources and provide biological habitat functions. The ecological pond area 2 is regulated by the lifting dam 21, and the water body is regularly lifted to the forest-wetland complex area 3 by the water pump 6 to realize tidal flow operation. The tidal flow flooding / drying cycle is 1-2 cycles per day. The periphery of the forest-wetland complex area 3 is enclosed by earthwork, and the flood-resistant tree species pond cypress is planted in the area, and shallow ponds 31 wetlands with a water depth of at least 0.3m are set. In the early stage of afforestation, the water depth is controlled by cofferdams to maintain a waterless or shallow water state, so that the trees gradually adapt to the growth conditions in the water and raise the water level. The shallow ponds 31 are connected by grooves, and the surrounding areas of the shallow ponds 31 are piled up to form an ecological island. Arbor forests are planted on the island, and the understory is used to consume straw and aquatic plant residues; the elevation of the ecological island is about 2m higher than the surrounding area. The slope is adjusted to 10-15°. The main drainage channel connecting the forest and the surrounding water system is retained in the forest-wetland complex area 3. The channel bottom width is 2-3m and the bottom elevation is less than or equal to 1.5m. 50cm high pine wood piles are used for the river slope, and pebbles are placed in some places.

[0047] Aquaculture area 4: The original fish pond is renovated with a length-to-width ratio of 1:2-5, an effective water depth of 1.5 meters or more, and a slope ratio of 1:(1.5-3). Multiple aeration pumps 41 are set at the bottom of the aquaculture area 4, and floating high-density aquaculture facilities are introduced. Loaches, crucian carp and other aquatic products are cultured in the pond, with no more than 20,000 fish fry per mu. The food chain relationship of the aquatic ecosystem is used to construct a three-dimensional ecological aquaculture model. Organic particles such as residual bait and biological debris are recovered through a sludge pump, and the aquaculture tail water is introduced into the ecological hydroponic area 5.

[0048] Ecological hydroponic area 5: The floating island 53 of the ecological hydroponic area 5 can be used to cultivate flowers such as tulips and hyacinths, and can also be used to plant water spinach, water celery, etc. The bottom of the water is the submerged plant area 52, where local submerged plants including black algae, foxtail algae, goldfish algae, Vallisneria, and water chestnut are planted. A variety of submerged plants are matched and planted in equal areas at a density of 20 plants / m². The total planting area accounts for 10-30% of the area of ​​the hydroponic area. When the ecosystem is established, the actual succession of the vegetation community forms the final distribution of submerged plants. The ecological hydroponic area 5 can also be set up with a water chestnut and lotus root area 51 for planting aquatic economic crops such as water chestnuts and lotus roots to develop the characteristic industry of "water economy". Seedlings are sown in a row spacing of 1 meter square, and 65-90 kilograms of seeds are used per mu. The row spacing of shallow water water chestnut is generally 1.5-2 meters, the hole spacing is 1.5-2 meters, and a bunch of about 2-3 water chestnut seedlings are planted in each hole; the row spacing of deep water water chestnut is 2.5-3 meters, the hole spacing is 2-2.5 meters, and a bunch of about 8-10 water chestnut seedlings are planted in each hole, and weeds in the field are regularly cleared.

[0049] The system construction method of this embodiment includes:

[0050] 1. A diversion ridge 11 is arranged in the ecological rice field area 1 to guide the water from the ecological hydroponic area 5 to flow fully through the rice field in a baffled manner and at a low flow rate. An overflow section 22 is arranged at the end of the rice wetland in the ecological rice field area 1 to collect the water and enter the ecological pond area 2.

[0051] 2. Ecological pond area 2: Use existing small and micro rivers around the area for appropriate transformation, or dig ponds in low-lying areas according to the terrain. Add lifting dams 21 in ecological pond area 2 to regulate water.

[0052] 3. Plant flood-resistant tree species in the forest-wetland complex area 3 and set up shallow ponds 31 wetlands with a water depth of at least 0.3m. Transform the water system in the low-lying areas and plant flood-resistant tree species. Use excess earth to pile up the surrounding areas to form an ecological island. Plant trees on the island and use the understory for the disposal of straw, aquatic plant residues, etc.

[0053] 4. High-density aquaculture area 4 The original fish pond is modified in terms of length-width ratio, water depth and slope ratio, and multiple groups of aeration pumps 41 are set at the bottom. Loach, crucian carp, swamp shrimp and other aquatic products are cultured in the pond.

[0054] 5. Floating aquaculture facilities are set up in the ecological hydroponic area 5, that is, aquatic economic crops are planted on the floating beds and floating islands 53, local submerged plants are planted on the bottom of the ecological hydroponic area 5, and aquatic economic crops such as water chestnuts and lotus roots are planted in the open water. Large particles of suspended matter and nutrients in the incoming water are removed through ecological sedimentation and plant absorption.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] Example 2 is a preferred example of Example 1.

[0057] like Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment includes an ecological rice field area 1, an ecological pond area 2, a forest-wet complex area 3, a high-density aquaculture area 4, and an ecological hydroponic area 5. In this embodiment, the ecological pond area 2, the forest-wet complex area 3, the high-density aquaculture area 4, and the ecological hydroponic area 5 are connected in sequence through pipelines, ditches, and rivers.

[0058] Among them, the ecological rice field area 1 is equipped with a diversion ridge 11, the ecological pond area 2 is installed with an intelligent lifting dam 21, the forest-wet complex area 3 is planted with pond cypress and baldcypress, and the ecological hydroponic area 5 is equipped with floating aquaculture facilities, on which economic crops are planted, submerged plants are planted on the bottom of the water, and aquatic economic crops such as water chestnuts and lotus roots are planted in open waters.

[0059] like Figure 1 As shown, the construction process of each processing area in this embodiment is as follows:

[0060] 1. Ecological rice field area 1: Diversion ridges 11 are arranged in the rice wetland to guide the incoming water to flow through the rice fields in a baffled manner. The diversion ridges 11 are arranged in an east-west direction; the diversion ridges 11 are 10 cm high and 20 cm wide, and the distance between adjacent diversion ridges 11 is about 10m; the ratio of the gap to the length of the diversion ridge 11 is about 0.7. 45,000 rice holes are planted per mu, with 2 seedlings per hole and a planting depth of about 3 cm.

[0061] 2. Ecological Pond Area 2: The average water depth of the section of Ecological Pond Area 2 is 0.8-2m. The area ratio of the pond in Ecological Pond Area 2 to the rice field in Ecological Rice Field Area 1 is 0.05-0.2. The slope of Ecological Pond Area 2 should adopt a natural gentle slope, and the slope ratio should be gentler than 1:5.

[0062] 3. Forest-wetland complex area 3: Figure 3As shown, the forest-wetland complex area 3 uses excess earthwork to pile up around to form an ecological island with a slope of 10° and a maximum elevation of 6m. Trees are planted in the ecological island and used to dispose of straw, aquatic plant residues, etc. Flood-tolerant tree species such as pond cypress are planted in the forest-wetland complex area 3. A free water surface is formed by appropriate digging and enclosure, and the water depth is controlled within 20cm. Twenty 4m×4m shallow ponds 31 are evenly distributed in the forest-wetland complex area 3. The water depth of the shallow ponds 31 is 0-35cm. Flood-tolerant herbs, such as safflower, water plantain, and cyperus are planted in the shallow water of 0-20cm, and Vallisneria is planted in the deeper water of 20-35cm.

[0063] 4. Aquaculture area 4: The original fish pond is renovated, and the length-to-width ratio is generally 1:2-4, the effective water depth is greater than or equal to 1.5 meters, the slope ratio is 1:(1.5-3), multiple aeration pumps 41 are set at the bottom, and floating aquaculture facilities are introduced. Loach, crucian carp and other aquatic products are cultured in the pond. Loach, crucian carp and Macrobrachium rosenbergii and other aquatic products are cultured in the pond, and no more than 200 fish fry per mu are allowed.

[0064] 5. Ecological hydroponic area 5: The average water depth of ecological hydroponic area 5 is 0.3-1.5m, which is determined according to the water level requirements of the economic crops planted. The floating island 53 of ecological hydroponic area 5 can be used to cultivate flowers such as tulips and hyacinths, and can also be used to plant water spinach, water celery, etc. The area with sufficient underwater light is the submerged plant area 52, where local submerged plants including black algae, foxtail algae, goldfish algae, Vallisneria, and water chestnut can be planted. A variety of submerged plants are matched and planted in equal areas at a density of 20 plants / m². The total planting area accounts for 10-30% of the area of ​​the hydroponic area. When the ecological hydroponic area 5 ecosystem is established, the actual succession of the vegetation community forms the final distribution of submerged plants. The shallow water area with a water depth of less than 0.8m in the ecological hydroponic area 5 is set as the water chestnut and lotus root area 51, which is used to plant aquatic economic crops such as water chestnuts and lotus roots, and develop the characteristic industry of "water economy". Seedlings are sown in a row spacing of 1 meter square, and 65-90 kilograms of seeds are used per mu. The row spacing of shallow water water chestnut is generally 1.5-2 meters, the hole spacing is 1.5-2 meters, and a bunch of about 2-3 water chestnut seedlings are planted in each hole; the row spacing of deep water water chestnut is 2.5-3 meters, the hole spacing is 2-2.5 meters, and a bunch of about 8-10 water chestnut seedlings are planted in each hole, and weeds in the field are regularly cleared.

[0065] More specifically, this embodiment is directed to an area of ​​4200m², of which the pond area is 1100m², the cultivated land area is 1300m², and the forest area is 1800m². The overall area is rectangular. The left side was originally flat cultivated land with no ridges. The ridges will be built in rows from east to west with broken edges to divert water. The original drainage outlets and drainage ditches at the lower end will be transformed into outlets that flow into the pond. There is a pond in the middle, the water quality is turbid, no economic crops are planted, and no aquaculture; the west side was originally a pit pond, now it is a weed field, and there are no irrigation and drainage facilities. The construction process of each processing unit is as follows:

[0066] 1. Ecological rice field area 1: The total area of ​​the rice wetland (ecological rice field area 1 before transformation) is about 1,300 m², with an average water depth of about 5 cm, including a bottom elevation of 3.00 m, a water surface elevation of 3.05 m, and an earthwork elevation of 3.20 m around the paddy field. The water inlet is located at Figure 1 In the upper left corner, water is transported by pump 6, and the water outlet is located at Figure 1 In the lower right corner, at a height of about 5 cm from the bottom of the field, pipes are arranged to connect the water outlet and the pond (ecological pond area 2 before the transformation) to return the water to the pond. During the tidal flow period, water enters the tidal rice field wetland from 8:00 to 11:00, with a flow rate of 3m 3 / h, slowly release water after 11:00, and drain at around 18:00, with flooding / drying for 10h / 14h. Diversion ridges 11 are arranged in the rice wetland to guide the incoming water to flow fully through the rice fields in the form of bends. Figure 1 The diversion ridges 11 are arranged in the left-right direction; the diversion ridges 11 are 10 cm high and 20 cm wide, and the distance between adjacent diversion ridges 11 is about 10 m; the ratio of the gap to the length of the diversion ridge 11 is about 0.7. 45,000 rice holes are planted per mu, with 2 seedlings per hole and a planting depth of about 3 cm.

[0067] 2. Ecological pond area 2

[0068] The total area of ​​ecological pond area 2 is 100m², the average water depth of the section is 0.8m, the bottom elevation is 2.0m, the water surface elevation is 2.8m, the earth elevation of the entire pond periphery is 3.0m, the area ratio of ecological pond area 2 to ecological paddy field area 1 is 0.07, the slope of ecological pond area 2 should adopt natural gentle slope, the slope ratio is 1:8. The width of lifting dam 21 is 8m, and the ratio of the length of adjusting lifting dam 21 to the field ridge is 0.8.

[0069] 3. Forest-wetland complex area 3

[0070] The total area of ​​forest-wetland complex area 3 is 1800m², with an average water depth of less than or equal to 20cm. The water level is maintained at about 3.35m all year round, with a bottom elevation of 3.1m and a water surface elevation of 3.35m. It is mainly used to conserve high-quality water sources, provide water for aquaculture area 4, and provide biological habitat functions. After the rice field drainage passes through the ecological pond area 2, it enters the forest-wetland complex area 3 by overflow. Flood-resistant tree species are planted in the forest-wetland complex area 3, and the forest species are selected to be pond cypress with good water resistance. A free water surface is formed by appropriate digging and enclosure, and the water depth is controlled within 20cm. 20 4m×4m shallow ponds 31 are evenly distributed in the area, and the water depth of shallow ponds 31 is 0-35cm. Flood-resistant herbs, spathiphyllum, water plantain, and cyperus are planted in the shallow water of 0-20cm, and Vallisneria is planted in the deeper water of 20-40cm.

[0071] 4. High-density aquaculture area 4

[0072] The total area of ​​the aquaculture area 4 is 500m². The original fish pond is renovated with a length-to-width ratio of 1:5. The water level is maintained at about 3.05m all year round, with a bottom elevation of 1.05m and a water surface elevation of 3.05m. The slope ratio is 1:3. A set of aeration pumps 41 is set every 5m, with a total of 10 sets of aeration pumps 41. Aquatic products such as loach, crucian carp, whiteleg shrimp and Macrobrachium rosenbergii are cultured in the pond, with no more than 200 fry per mu, 40,000 whiteleg shrimp per mu, and 10,000 Macrobrachium rosenbergii per mu. A three-dimensional multi-trophic level aquaculture system is constructed by using the food chain relationship of the aquatic ecosystem. A sludge suction pump 6 is set at the exit of the aquaculture area 4 to recover organic particles such as residual bait and biological debris, and introduce the aquaculture tail water into the ecological hydroponic area 5.

[0073] 5. Ecological hydroponic area 5

[0074] The total area of ​​the ecological hydroponic area 5 is 500m², with an average water depth of no more than 50cm. The water level is maintained at about 3.35m all year round, with a bottom elevation of 3.1m and a water surface elevation of 3.35m. The floating island 53 in the ecological hydroponic area 5 can be used to grow tulips, hyacinths and other flowers, and can also be used to grow water spinach, water celery and the like. The submerged plant area 52 with sufficient underwater light is used to plant local submerged plants including black algae, foxtail algae, duckweed, Vallisneria, and water chestnut. A variety of submerged plants are matched and planted in equal areas at a density of 20 plants / m². The total planting area accounts for 10-30% of the area of ​​the hydroponic area. When the pond ecosystem is established, the actual succession of the vegetation community forms the final distribution of submerged plants. The water chestnut and lotus root area 51 is used to plant water chestnuts. Seedlings are sown in a row spacing of 1 meter square. 65 kg of seeds are used per mu, with a row spacing of 1.5 meters and a hole spacing of 1.5 meters. A bunch of about 2 water chestnut seedlings are planted in each hole.

[0075] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0076] The above describes the specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which does not affect the essence of the present invention. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other arbitrarily.

Claims

1. An agroforestry wetland complex system, characterized in that: include: Ecological rice field area (1), ecological pond area (2), forest-wetland complex area (3), aquaculture area (4) and ecological hydroponic area (5); The ecological rice field area (1) is connected to the ecological pond area (2) through a pipeline, the ecological pond area (2) is connected to the forest-wetland complex area (3) through a pipeline, the forest-wetland complex area (3) is connected to the aquaculture area (4) through a pipeline, the aquaculture area (4) is connected to the ecological hydroponic area (5) through a pipeline, and the water containing bottom mud, residual bait and biological debris in the ecological hydroponic area (5) is connected to the ecological rice field area (1) through a pipeline; The forest-wetland complex area (3) is provided with forest land, river channels and a plurality of shallow ponds (31), and the forest-wetland complex area (3) is planted with water-resistant tree species; The water area of ​​the forest-wetland complex area (3) accounts for 5%, the bottom width of the river channel is 2-3m, the bottom elevation is less than or equal to 1.5m, the water depth of the river channel is less than or equal to 20cm, and the water depth of the shallow pond (31) is 0-35cm; The ecological pond area (2) is arranged as a gentle slope, a lifting dam (21) is arranged on one side of the ecological pond area (2) connecting to the forest-wetland complex area (3), and overflow sections (22) are arranged on both sides of the lifting dam (21); The slope ratio of the ecological pond area (2) is gentler than 1:

5.

2. The agroforestry wetland complex system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A diversion ridge (11) is provided in the ecological rice field area (1), and a notch is provided on the diversion ridge (11) to guide the incoming water to flow fully through the rice field in a baffled manner. The ecological rice field area (1) adopts a wet / dry cycle alternating cycle.

3. The agroforestry wetland complex system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aquaculture area (4) is provided with a floating aquaculture facility, the aquaculture area (4) is provided with a sludge suction pump for recovering particulate matter, and the aquaculture area (4) is provided with an aeration pump (41).

4. The agroforestry wetland complex system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ecological hydroponic area (5) is provided with a shallow water area and a local deep water area, and the water depth of the shallow water area is less than 0.8 m.

5. The agroforestry wetland complex system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The height of the diversion ridge (11) is 10-20 cm, and the ratio of the length of the notch to the length of the diversion ridge (11) is 0.5-0.8; The water depth of the field surface of the ecological rice field area (1) is 3-5 cm, the flow rate of the field surface water between the diversion ridges (11) is 15-30 m / h, and the distance the field surface water flows between the diversion ridges (11) is 100-200 m; The alternating wet / dry cycles of the ecological rice field area (1) are achieved by controlling the water inlet time and flow rate through solenoid valves and valves, with the flooding time being 10 hours and the draining time being 14 hours.

6. The agroforestry wetland complex system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The area ratio of the ecological pond area (2) to the paddy field of the ecological rice field area (1) is 0.05-0.2, the average water depth of the cross section of the ecological pond area (2) is 0.8-2m, and the length ratio of the overflow section (22) to the lifting dam (21) is 0.4-0.

8.

7. A method for comprehensive efficiency enhancement of rice-growing and aquatic areas achieved by the agro-forestry-wetland composite system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1, guiding the tailwater of the ecological rice field area (1) to flow into the ecological pond area (2); Step S2, regulating the water level through the lifting dam (21) of the ecological pond area (2), and using the water pump (6) to regularly lift the regulated farmland drainage to the forest-wetland complex area (3); Step S3, using the composite structure of the forest-wet composite area (3) to deeply purify the rice field tail water and then collect it into the aquaculture area (4); Step S4, the aquaculture area (4) allows the tail water containing residual bait and biological debris to flow into the ecological hydroponic area (5) by gravity, and introduces organic particles into the ecological hydroponic area (5) as a source of nutrients to replace fertilizers; Step S5, draining the nutrient-rich drainage water from the ecological hydroponic area (5) into the ecological rice field area (1), so that the ecological rice field area (1) absorbs and utilizes the nutrient salts and promotes the growth of rice; Step S6, the purified water from the rice fields is discharged back into the ecological pond area (2), thereby forming an internal circulation.

8. The method for comprehensive efficiency enhancement of rice-growing and aquatic product regions according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S4, the ecological hydroponic area (5) is sown and seedlings are raised at a spacing of 1 meter square, with 65-90 kg of seeds used per mu.

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