Selenium-rich feed and cultivation method of selenium-rich abalone

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquatic product breeding feeds, and particularly relates to a selenium-rich feed and a selenium-rich abalone breeding method. The selenium-enriched feed is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 0.5 to 5 parts of selenium-enriched extract, 15 to 25 parts of fish meal, 15 to 30 parts of kelp powder, 5 to 15 parts of glucose, 1 to 5 parts of yeast, 5 to 15 parts of soybean meal, 15 to 35 parts of wheat flour, 15 to 45 parts of sargassum powder and 5 to 15 parts of spirulina powder. The selenium-rich feed has very high selenium content and relatively low cellulose content, and the abalone pleopod fed by the selenium-rich feed also has relatively high selenium content.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of aquatic product breeding feed, and specifically relates to a selenium-enriched feed and a method for cultivating selenium-enriched abalone. Background Art

[0002] Abalone is a marine shellfish, also known as "stone cassia", and is a valuable marine economic aquaculture species. Abalone is widely distributed, and lives in rock cracks and caves with abundant seaweed, clear water and smooth water flow. It hides during the day and comes out at night. Adult abalone is a variegated animal, and feeds mainly on brown algae, and also feeds on green algae, red algae, diatoms, seed plants and lower plants and animals.

[0003] Abalone is tender, fresh and not greasy. The protein content in 100 grams of abalone is about 12.6 grams, and the fat content is about 0.8 grams. It can be seen that abalone is a low-fat food. The protein content of dried abalone is more than 50%, so abalone is also a high-protein food. Abalone contains some carbohydrates, accounting for about 6.6%. In addition, abalone meat also contains rich polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins A, E and B12, and minerals such as selenium, zinc and iodine, which can effectively enhance the immunity of the eater, lower cholesterol and protect the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system, and has the effect of significantly improving vision. It has excellent conditioning and nourishing effects on those who are weak and smoke and drink too much.

[0004] Selenium is an essential trace element for the human body. Selenium participates in the synthesis of a variety of selenium-containing enzymes and selenoproteins in the human body; among them, glutathione peroxidase can catalyze the conversion of hydroperoxides or lipid peroxides into water or various alcohols in the body, thereby eliminating the attack of free radicals on the biofilm and protecting the biofilm from oxidative damage; selenium can also participate in the formation of iodinated thyroxine deiodinase. Selenium can improve human immunity, promote the proliferation of lymphocytes and the synthesis of antibodies and immunoglobulins, and has a significant inhibitory and protective effect on various cancers such as colon cancer, skin cancer, liver cancer and breast cancer. Its intermediate metabolite methyl enol in the body has a strong anti-cancer activity. Selenium in the human body is mainly obtained from daily diet, so the selenium content in food directly affects people's daily selenium intake. Among natural foods, foods rich in selenium include seafood, mushrooms, eggs, garlic and ginkgo. Therefore, effectively increasing the selenium content in abalone can achieve selenium supplementation by eating abalone. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention aims to provide a selenium-enriched feed and a method for cultivating selenium-enriched abalone, so as to achieve the purpose of increasing the selenium content in abalone.

[0006] According to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, the present invention provides a selenium-rich feed, which is an abalone feed, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 0.5-5 parts by weight of a selenium-rich extract, 15-25 parts by weight of fish meal, 15-30 parts by weight of kelp powder and 5-15 parts by weight of glucose.

[0007] In one aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, the fish meal can be selected from red fish meal and / or white fish meal.

[0008] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, the selenium-enriched feed further comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-5 parts by weight of yeast, 5-15 parts by weight of soybean meal and 15-35 parts by weight of wheat flour.

[0009] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, the yeast may be brewer's yeast, but is not limited thereto.

[0010] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, the selenium-enriched feed further comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-45 parts by weight of Sargassum powder and 5-15 parts by weight of Spirulina powder.

[0011] In one aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, the selenium-rich feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-5 parts by weight of selenium-rich extract, 17-22 parts by weight of fish meal, 20-25 parts by weight of kelp powder, 5-10 parts by weight of glucose, 3-5 parts by weight of yeast, 10-15 parts by weight of soybean meal, 25-30 parts by weight of wheat flour, 30-35 parts by weight of Sargassum powder and 10-15 parts by weight of spirulina powder. Specifically, the selenium-rich feed may comprise the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts by weight of selenium-rich extract, 20 parts by weight of fish meal, 22 parts by weight of kelp powder, 6 parts by weight of glucose, 3 parts by weight of yeast, 12 parts by weight of soybean meal, 25 parts by weight of wheat flour, 30 parts by weight of Sargassum powder and 12 parts by weight of spirulina powder.

[0012] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, the selenium-rich extract is selected from Cardamine violaceum extract.

[0013] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, the Cardamine violata extract is prepared by the following steps:

[0014] Step 1: providing Cardamine violaceum coarse powder, and further crushing and sieving the Cardamine violaceum coarse powder to obtain Cardamine violaceum fine powder;

[0015] Step 2: placing the Cardamine violacea powder in a hot water bath at 55° C.-65° C., adding cellulase and reacting for 35-55 minutes, then filtering to retain the solid product;

[0016] Step 3: washing and drying the solid product obtained in step 2 to obtain the Cardamine viola extract.

[0017] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, in step 1, the Cardamine violaceum coarse powder is crushed and then passed through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain the Cardamine violaceum fine powder.

[0018] In one aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, in step 2, the mass percentage of the cellulase is 1.5%-2.5% based on the total mass of the Cardamine violaceae powder. Specifically, the mass percentage of the cellulase is 2% based on the total mass of the Cardamine violaceae powder.

[0019] According to a second aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, the present invention also provides a method for cultivating selenium-enriched abalone, comprising feeding abalone with the aforementioned selenium-enriched feed.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The selenium-rich feed containing the selenium-rich extract provided by the present invention has a high selenium content and a low cellulose content, and the abalone fed with the selenium-rich feed also has a high selenium content in the gastropod. The abalone fed with the selenium-rich feed containing the selenium-rich extract provided by the present invention has a significant improvement in average shell length and average wet weight, and because the cellulose content in the selenium-rich feed is low, the abalone fed with the selenium-rich feed also has a good conversion efficiency for feed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] Here, exemplary embodiments are described in detail. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present invention. Instead, they are only examples of devices and methods consistent with some aspects of the present invention as detailed in the appended claims.

[0023] The terms used in the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The singular forms "a", "the" and "the" used in the present invention and the appended claims are also intended to include plural forms unless the context clearly indicates other meanings. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" used herein refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0024] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used in the present invention to describe various information, these information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the same type of information from each other.

[0025] In the present invention, the term "Cardamine violaceae" is a cruciferous plant with a strong ability to accumulate selenium. The young stems and leaves of Cardamine violaceae are edible, and the selenium content reaches the highest when the plant matures.

[0026] In the present invention, the term "red fish meal" does not specifically refer to fish meal made from a certain type of fish, but refers to fish meal made from fish with red meat or fish processing byproducts (such as small fish, shrimp, etc.) through a series of process treatments; these fish may include but are not limited to anchovies, sardines, mackerel, saury, salmon, etc.; the production process of red fish meal usually includes sterilization, deoiling, drying and crushing steps to ensure its safety, storage stability and ease of use. Among them, sterilization can kill biological pathogens and bacteria in fish; deoiling can remove harmful components in fish oil, such as fatty acids and cholesterol, thereby retaining proteins, minerals and other beneficial components in red fish meal; drying can further reduce the moisture content in red fish meal and improve its storage stability; finally, red fish meal is made into fine powder by crushing technology, which is convenient for mixing and feeding to aquatic animals or as a raw material for livestock and poultry feed.

[0027] In the present invention, the term "white fish meal" does not specifically refer to fish meal made from a certain specific fish, but refers to fish meal made from fish with relatively white meat or fish processing by-products (such as fish bones, fish heads, fish viscera, etc.) through a series of process treatments. These fish can include a variety of freshwater and marine fish, but the specific species will vary depending on the region, fishing habits and processing requirements. The production process of white fish meal is similar to that of red fish meal, and also involves steps such as sterilization, degreasing, drying and crushing. These steps are intended to ensure the safety, storage stability and ease of use of fish meal. White fish meal is also rich in protein, minerals and other nutrients, and is a commonly used high-quality protein source in livestock and poultry feed and aquaculture.

[0028] In the present invention, the term "Sargassum powder" is a product made from Sargassum as raw material through multiple processes; specifically, its production process includes impurity removal, rough airing, steam sterilization and drying, coarse powder processing, fine powder processing and cooling. In the present invention, the term "Spirulina powder" is a powdered product made from Spirulina as raw material through grinding.

[0029] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the examples. It should be understood that these examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0030] The invention provides a selenium-rich feed, which is abalone feed.

[0031] Embodiment 1

[0032] The preparation of selenium-enriched feed includes the following steps:

[0033] 1. Preparation of Selenium-enriched Extract

[0034] Drying the whole plant of Cardamine violacea and then grinding it into powder to obtain Cardamine violacea coarse powder, and further grinding the Cardamine violacea coarse powder through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain Cardamine violacea fine powder;

[0035] The Cardamine violacea powder is placed in a hot water bath at 60°C, cellulase is added and reacted for 45 minutes, and then filtered to retain the solid product; wherein the mass of the cellulase is 2% of the mass of the Cardamine violacea powder;

[0036] The solid product is washed and dried to obtain the Cardamine viola extract.

[0037] 2. Preparation of Selenium-enriched Feed

[0038] Weigh 3 parts by weight of the Cardamine violacea extract prepared in step 2, stir and mix with 20 parts by weight of fish meal, 22 parts by weight of kelp meal, 6 parts by weight of glucose, 3 parts by weight of yeast, 12 parts by weight of soybean meal, 25 parts by weight of wheat flour, 30 parts by weight of Sargassum powder and 12 parts by weight of Spirulina powder, and then ball mill (300 r / min, 2h, the mixture and ball milling beads are loaded in a mass ratio of 20:1), and then tableted and dried to obtain a selenium-rich feed.

[0039] Embodiment 2

[0040] The steps are the same as those in Example 1, except that the Cardamine violaceum coarse powder is further crushed and passed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain Cardamine violaceum fine powder.

[0041] Embodiment 3

[0042] The steps are the same as those in Example 1, except that the Cardamine violacea coarse powder is further crushed and passed through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain Cardamine violacea fine powder.

[0043] Embodiment 4

[0044] The steps are the same as those in Example 1, except that the reaction time after adding cellulase is 60 minutes.

[0045] Embodiment 5

[0046] The steps are the same as those in Example 1, except that the reaction time after adding cellulase is 30 minutes.

[0047] Embodiment 6

[0048] The following steps are involved:

[0049] 1. Preparation of Selenium-enriched Extract

[0050] The whole Cardamine violaceum plant is dried and then pulverized to obtain Cardamine violaceum coarse powder, the Cardamine violaceum coarse powder is further pulverized and passed through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain Cardamine violaceum fine powder; the Cardamine violaceum fine powder is washed and dried to obtain Cardamine violaceum extract.

[0051] 2. Preparation of Selenium-enriched Feed

[0052] Weigh 3 parts by weight of the Cardamine violacea extract prepared in step 2, stir and mix with 20 parts by weight of fish meal, 22 parts by weight of kelp meal, 6 parts by weight of glucose, 3 parts by weight of yeast, 12 parts by weight of soybean meal, 25 parts by weight of wheat flour, 30 parts by weight of Sargassum powder and 12 parts by weight of Spirulina powder, and then ball mill (300 r / min, 2h, the mixture and ball milling beads are loaded in a mass ratio of 20:1), and then tableted and dried to obtain a selenium-rich feed.

[0053] Comparative Example 1

[0054] 20 parts by weight of fish meal, 22 parts by weight of kelp meal, 6 parts by weight of glucose, 3 parts by weight of yeast, 12 parts by weight of soybean meal, 25 parts by weight of wheat flour, 30 parts by weight of Sargassum powder and 12 parts by weight of spirulina powder are stirred and mixed, and then ball-milled (300 r / min, 2 h, with the mixture and ball-milling beads added in a mass ratio of 20:1), and then tableted and dried to obtain a selenium-rich feed.

[0055] Experimental Example 1: Determination of selenium content in the selenium-rich extracts obtained in Examples 1 to 6

[0056] According to GB 5009.9-2017, the extract of Cardamine violaceum obtained in Examples 1 to 6 was digested with a nitric acid-perchloric acid mixture (mixed in a volume ratio of 9:1 for nitric acid: perchloric acid), and 6 mol / L hydrochloric acid was added to reduce the hexavalent selenium in the samples of Examples 1 to 6 to tetravalent selenium, and potassium borohydride was used as a reducing agent to reduce the tetravalent selenium to hydrogen selenide, which was brought into the atomizer by a carrier gas (argon) for atomization, and under the irradiation of a selenium hollow cathode lamp, the ground state selenium atoms were excited to a high energy state, and when deactivated and returned to the ground state, a characteristic wavelength of fluorescence was emitted, and its fluorescence intensity was proportional to the selenium content, and compared and quantified with the standard series. Among them, the negative high voltage in the atomizer was 340V, the lamp current was 100mA, the atomization temperature was 800°C, the auxiliary gas flow rate (Ar1) was 300mL / min, and the carrier gas flow rate (Ar2) was 500mL / min.

[0057] The selenium content was calculated according to the following formula: X = (p-p0) × V / (1000m); where X is the selenium content in the sample, in mg / kg; p is the mass concentration of selenium in the sample solution, in μg / L; p0 is the mass concentration of selenium in the blank solution, in μg / L; V is the total volume of the sample digestion solution, in mL; and m is the sample mass, in g.

[0058] Experimental Example 2: Determination of cellulose content in the selenium-rich extracts obtained in Examples 1 to 6

[0059] According to GB 5009.88-2023, the cellulose content in the Cardamine violaceum extract obtained in Examples 1 to 6 was determined.

[0060] The values ​​of selenium content in the selenium-rich extracts obtained in Examples 1 to 6 are shown in Table 1:

[0061] Table 1

[0062] Example Selenium content (mg / kg) Cellulose content (%) Embodiment 1 1165 1.24 Embodiment 2 653 1.02 Embodiment 3 1258 3.55 Embodiment 4 485 0.65 Embodiment 5 1390 4.62 Embodiment 6 1562 12.35

[0063] Experimental Example 3: Feeding

[0064] The abalone feeds prepared in Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Example 1 were subjected to an abalone marine caisson feeding and breeding experiment, and the experimental data are shown in Table 2. The method for determining the selenium content in the abalone gastropod refers to the method for determining the selenium content in the aforementioned selenium-rich extract.

[0065] Table 2

[0066]

[0067] It can be seen from Table 1 and Table 2 that the selenium content in the gastropod of the abalone fed with the selenium-rich feed of the present invention is significantly higher than that of the abalone fed with the abalone feed not containing the selenium-rich extract; it can be seen from Comparative Examples 1, 2, 4 and Examples 3, 5, 6 that since Cardamine violaceae is rich in cellulose, and abalone has a weak digestion capacity for cellulose, with the increase of the cellulose content in the feed, the weight gain rate, feed conversion efficiency and protein efficiency of abalone will all significantly decrease. It can be seen from Table 2 that although the selenium content in the Cardamine violaceae extract in Examples 3, 5 and 6 is higher than that in Example 1, due to the decrease in feed conversion efficiency, the selenium content in the gastropod of the abalone fed therein is not higher than that in Example 1, and the average shell length and average wet weight of the abalone fed therein also significantly decrease.

[0068] Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate other embodiments of the present invention after considering the specification and practicing the disclosure disclosed herein. The present invention is intended to cover any variations, uses or adaptations of the present invention that follow the general principles of the present invention and include common knowledge or customary technical means in the art that are not disclosed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A selenium-rich feed, which is abalone feed, characterized in that: The selenium-rich feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.5-5 parts by weight of selenium-rich extract, 15-25 parts by weight of fish meal, 15-30 parts by weight of kelp powder and 5-15 parts by weight of glucose.

2. The selenium-rich feed according to claim 1, characterized in that It also contains the following components in parts by weight: 1-5 parts by weight of yeast, 5-15 parts by weight of soybean meal and 15-35 parts by weight of wheat flour.

3. The selenium-rich feed according to claim 1, characterized in that It also contains the following components in parts by weight: 15-45 parts by weight of Sargassum powder and 5-15 parts by weight of Spirulina powder.

4. The selenium-rich feed according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that Contains the following components in parts by weight: 2-5 parts by weight of selenium-rich extract, 17-22 parts by weight of fish meal, 20-25 parts by weight of kelp powder, 5-10 parts by weight of glucose, 3-5 parts by weight of yeast, 10-15 parts by weight of soybean meal, 25-30 parts by weight of wheat flour, 30-35 parts by weight of Sargassum powder and 10-15 parts by weight of spirulina powder.

5. The selenium-rich feed according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The selenium-rich extract is selected from Cardamine violaceum extract.

6. The selenium-enriched feed according to claim 5, characterized in that The Cardamine violacea extract is prepared by the following steps: Step 1: providing Cardamine violaceum coarse powder, and further crushing and sieving the Cardamine violaceum coarse powder to obtain Cardamine violaceum fine powder; Step 2: placing the Cardamine violacea powder in a hot water bath at 55° C.-65° C., adding cellulase and reacting for 35-55 minutes, then filtering to retain the solid product; Step 3: washing and drying the solid product obtained in step 2 to obtain the Cardamine viola extract.

7. The selenium-rich feed according to claim 6, characterized in that In step 1, the Cardamine violacea coarse powder is crushed and then passed through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain the Cardamine violacea fine powder.

8. The selenium-rich feed according to claim 6, characterized in that In step 2, based on the total mass of the Cardamine violacea powder, the mass percentage of the cellulase is 1.5%-2.5%.

9. A method for cultivating selenium-enriched abalone, characterized in that: The method comprises feeding abalone with the selenium-enriched feed described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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