Antenna structure

Abstract

An antenna structure is provided that includes first and second radiating elements, first and second ground planes, and a connecting structure. The first ground plane is disposed adjacent to and coupled to the first radiating element. The second ground plane is disposed adjacent to and coupled to the second radiating element. The connecting structure connects an edge of the first ground plane to an edge of the second ground plane such that the first ground plane is connected to the second ground plane by the connecting structure.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference to Related Documents

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 400,744, filed August 24, 2022, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present invention relates generally to an antenna structure having a pair of ground planes. More particularly, the present invention relates to an antenna structure having a connecting structure with high dielectric constant for connecting the ground planes. BACKGROUND

[0004] Sectorial antennas are directional antennas that transmit and receive signals in a specific direction, suitable for cellular networks that require minimal interference. Front-to-back ratio (F / B ratio) is an important factor in evaluating directional antennas, as a high F / B ratio means that the antenna is less affected by interference from other directions. Many techniques have been developed to enhance the F / B ratio of antennas and antenna arrays. One common method is to add a large metal plate or additional components to the antenna ground plane to reflect radio frequency signals back to the front. However, this method increases the size and wind load of the antenna, making it less ideal for outdoor environments.

[0005] Another method is to add absorbers, choke walls, metal rings, or artificial magnetic conductors (AMC) to the edges of the antenna ground plane to reduce edge diffraction and suppress backlobe radiation. However, the height of these additional components depends on the resonant frequency of the antenna, often resulting in an increase in the overall height of the antenna. Moreover, this method can only be implemented at narrowband frequencies and is not suitable for all antenna types.

[0006] Enclosed antenna structures, such as horn antennas, inherently exhibit high F / B ratio radiation, but are very bulky compared to other antenna types, such as patch antennas, monopole antennas, dipole antennas, or slot antennas. Some other methods use complementary unilateral antennas, such as a combination of electric and magnetic dipoles, to cancel backlobe radiation. However, these methods require special antenna element designs and are not a universal technique suitable for all antenna types.

[0007] Therefore, there is a need to develop a novel antenna structure to address the aforementioned problems. SUMMARY

[0008] According to a first aspect of the present application, an antenna structure includes a first radiating element, a first ground plane, a second radiating element, a second ground plane, and a high dielectric constant connecting structure. The first ground plane is disposed adjacent to and coupled to the first radiating element. The second ground plane is disposed adjacent to and coupled to the second radiating element. The first ground plane is located between the second ground plane and the first radiating element, and the second ground plane is located between the first ground plane and the second radiating element. The high dielectric constant connecting structure connects an edge of the first ground plane to an edge of the second ground plane such that the first ground plane is connected to the second ground plane through the connecting structure.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present application, a dielectric constant of the high dielectric constant connecting structure is in a range of 6 to 10.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present application, a material of the high dielectric constant connecting structure includes aluminum oxide.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present application, the high dielectric constant connecting structure includes a top portion connected to an edge of the first ground plane, a bottom portion connected to an edge of the second ground plane, and a middle portion connecting and located between the top portion and the bottom portion.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present application, the top portion, the middle portion, and the bottom portion are made of the same material.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the present application, the top portion and the bottom portion are made of the same material, and the middle portion is made of a material different from that of the top portion and the bottom portion.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present application, the first radiating element includes a first feed-in portion and a pair of first radiating portions. The first radiating portions are located at two opposite sides of the first feed-in portion and connected to the first feed-in portion. The first feed-in portion is spaced apart from each of the radiating portions along a first direction, wherein the first direction is different from an extension direction of the first feed-in portion.

[0015] According to an embodiment of the present application, the antenna structure further includes a pair of first support elements penetrating the first radiating element and the first ground plane.

[0016] According to an embodiment of the present application, the antenna structure further includes a first feed-in probe located between the first feed-in portion of the first radiating element and the first ground plane. The first ground plane is coupled to the first radiating element through the first feed-in probe and the first feed-in portion.

[0017] According to an embodiment of the present application, the second radiating element comprises a second feed-in portion and a pair of second radiating portions. The second radiating portions are located at two opposite sides of the feed-in portion and connected to the second feed-in portion. The second feed-in portion is spaced apart from each of the second radiating portions along a first direction, wherein the first direction is different from an extension direction of the second feed-in portion.

[0018] According to an embodiment of the present application, the antenna structure further comprises a pair of second support elements penetrating the second radiating element and the second ground plane.

[0019] According to an embodiment of the present application, the antenna structure further comprises a second feed-in probe located between the second feed-in portion of the second radiating element and the second ground plane. The second ground plane is coupled to the second radiating element through the second feed-in probe and the second feed-in portion.

[0020] According to an embodiment of the present application, the first radiating element has the same shape as the second radiating element.

[0021] According to an embodiment of the present application, the first radiating element and the second radiating element are E-shaped.

[0022] According to an embodiment of the present application, each of the radiating elements has two grooves.

[0023] According to an embodiment of the present application, the openings of the grooves of the first radiating element face a first side of the antenna structure, and the openings of the grooves of the second radiating element face a second side of the antenna structure opposite to the first side.

[0024] According to an embodiment of the present application, the first radiating element and the second radiating element vertically overlap.

[0025] According to an embodiment of the present application, the high dielectric constant connection structure extends vertically between the first ground plane and the second ground plane.

[0026] Based on the above, in embodiments of the present application, two radiating elements of an antenna structure are arranged back-to-back, and they are connected by a connection structure to form a side wall (or side branch) of the antenna structure. The material of the connection structure is selected to have a high dielectric constant. With this configuration, the antenna structure of the present application can concentrate power gain in its front direction while maintaining a compact volume. Therefore, the F / B ratio of the antenna structure can be enhanced, which is beneficial for coverage sectorization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] Embodiments of the present application are described in more detail below, with reference to the drawings, in which:

[0028] Figure 1A shows a perspective view of an antenna array according to a first embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 1B showing the reflection frequency characteristics of the upper antenna array portion in Figure 1A ;

[0030] Figure 1C showing a two-dimensional (2D) radiation pattern of the antenna array in Figure 1A ;

[0031] Figure 2A showing a perspective view of an antenna array according to a comparative embodiment;

[0032] Figure 2B showing the reflection frequency characteristics of the upper antenna array portion in Figure 2A ;

[0033] Figure 2C showing a 2D radiation pattern of the antenna array in Figure 2A ;

[0034] Figure 3A showing a perspective view of an antenna array according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3B showing the reflection frequency characteristics of the upper antenna array portion in Figure 3A ;

[0036] Figure 3C showing a 2D radiation pattern of the antenna array in Figure 3A ;

[0037] Figure 4A showing a perspective view of an antenna array according to a third embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4B showing the reflection frequency characteristics of the upper antenna array portion in Figure 4A ; and

[0039] Figure 4C showing a 2D radiation pattern of the antenna array in Figure 4A . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In the following description, an antenna array or antenna structure, etc. is set forth as a preferred example. Modifications incorporating additions and / or alternatives will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Particular details can be omitted in order not to obscure the application; however, the disclosure is written to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the teachings herein without undue experimentation.

[0041] For ease of explanation, in embodiments of the present application, the antenna structure and the antenna array are located in a space defined by X, Y and Z axes that are different from each other, where the X, Y and Z axes are perpendicular to each other. A direction parallel to the X axis is referred to as an X axis direction, a direction parallel to the Y axis is referred to as a Y axis direction, and a direction parallel to the Z axis is referred to as a Z axis direction.

[0042] Figure 1A A perspective view of the antenna array 200 according to the first embodiment of the present application is shown. Figure 1B A reflection frequency characteristic of the upper antenna array part in Figure 1A A two-dimensional (2D) radiation pattern of the antenna array 200 in Figure 1C A reflection frequency characteristic of the upper antenna array part in Figure 1A A two-dimensional (2D) radiation pattern of the antenna array 200 in

[0043] The following description is made with reference to Figure 1A According to the first embodiment of the present application, the antenna array 200 includes a plurality of antenna structures 100. Each of the antenna structures 100 includes a radiating element 110, 120, a ground plane 130, 140, a feed-in probe 152, a connection structure 160, and a support element 172, 174.

[0044] A radiating element refers to a component for transmitting electromagnetic waves. The role of a radiating element is to radiate electromagnetic waves from a conductor or to convert received electromagnetic waves into an electrical signal. A radiating element is typically made of a conductor such as a wire, a plate, a patch, or the like. With reference to Figure 1A The upper radiating element 110 includes a feed-in portion 112 and a pair of radiating portions 114 located at both opposite sides of the feed-in portion 112. The feed-in portion 112 is located between and connected to the radiating portions 114. The feed-in portion 112 is located between and connected to the two radiating portions 114. The feed-in portion 112 extends along the X axis direction, and the edges of the feed-in portion 112 are aligned with the edges of the radiating portions 114. In the radiating element 110, the two radiating portions 114 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the feed-in portion 112.

[0045] The radiating element 110 has a pair of grooves G1, and is, for example, an L-shaped groove. A portion of the groove G1 extends in the Z axis direction and into the radiating portion 114, and another portion of the L-shaped groove G1 extends along the X axis direction, such that an opening OG1 of the groove G1 faces a side S1 of the antenna structure 100. In the radiating element 110, the two grooves G1 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the feed-in portion 112. The feed-in portion 112 is spaced apart from each of the radiating portions 114 along the Z axis direction by a corresponding groove G1. Overall, the shape of the radiating element 110 is, for example, E-shaped.

[0046] In the first embodiment, the upper radiating elements 110 in the antenna structure 100 can be connected to other upper radiating elements in other antenna structures 100 through connectors, which can be, for example, RF power combiners, to form an upper antenna array part facing the +Y axis direction. In addition, Figure 1A The number of the upper radiating elements 110 in the first embodiment is, for example, 4. In other embodiments, the number of the upper radiating elements can be modified according to the requirements of those skilled in the art, but the present application is not limited thereto.

[0047] Similarly, the lower radiating element 120 comprises a feed-in part 122 and a pair of radiating parts 124 located at two opposite sides of the feed-in part 122. The feed-in part 122 is located between and connected to the two radiating parts 124. The feed-in part 122 is located between and connected to the two radiating parts 124. The feed-in part 122 extends along the X axis direction, and the edges of the feed-in part 122 are aligned with the edges of the radiating parts 124. In the radiating element 120, the two radiating parts 124 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the feed-in part 122.

[0048] The radiating element 120 has a pair of grooves G2, and is, for example, an L-shaped groove. One part of the groove G2 extends in the Z axis direction and into the radiating part 124, and the other part of the groove G2 extends along the X axis direction, so that the opening (not shown) of the groove G2 faces the other side S2 of the antenna structure 100. The openings of the radiating elements 110, 120 respectively face the opposite sides S1, S2 of the antenna structure 100, indicating that the two radiating elements 110, 120 are arranged back-to-back. The back-to-back configuration of the two radiating elements 110, 120 provides advantages such as reduced backlobe radiation, increased total gain, and improved directivity of the antenna structure 100. In the radiating element 120, the two grooves G2 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the feed-in part 122. In the Z axis direction, the feed-in part 122 is spaced apart from each of the radiating parts 124 along the Z axis direction by a corresponding groove G1. Overall, the shape of the radiating element 124 is, for example, E-shaped. The radiating element 110 vertically overlaps the radiating element 120.

[0049] It should be noted that in the first embodiment, the aforementioned radiating elements 110 and 120 can be designed as E-shaped according to specific requirements. In other embodiments, those skilled in the art can design the appearance / shape of the radiating elements according to their own needs, and the present application is not limited thereto.

[0050] In a first embodiment, the lower radiating elements 120 in the antenna structure 100 can be connected by connectors, which can be RF power combiners for example, to other lower radiating elements in other antenna structures 100 to form a lower antenna array part facing the -Y axis direction. The lower antenna array is terminated with a matching load. In addition, considering the symmetry, Figure 1A The number of lower radiating elements 110 in the antenna structure 100 is the same as the number of radiating elements 110.

[0051] The ground plane refers to a component for providing a reference point or zero potential in the antenna structure 100. The ground plane 130 is disposed adjacent to the radiating elements 110 and coupled to the feed-in parts 112 of the radiating elements 110 by, for example, feed-in probes 152. The ground plane 130 is located between the ground plane 140 and the radiating elements 110. The ground plane 140 is disposed adjacent to the radiating elements 120 and coupled to the feed-in parts 122 of the radiating elements 120 by, for example, feed-in probes (not shown). The ground plane 140 is located between the ground plane 130 and the radiating elements 120. Each of the ground planes 130, 140 has, for example, a rectangular shape, where each of the ground planes 130, 140 has two short edges parallel to the X axis direction and two long edges parallel to the Z axis direction. The ground plane 130 or 140 is used to connect the antenna structure 100 to the ground for fixing the antenna structure 100. The materials of the radiating elements 110, 120, 130, 140, the feed-in probes can be a conductive material such as metal, where the metal can be copper or aluminum for example. With such a configuration, a radiating element 110 (or 120) can be excited by a corresponding feed-in part having a corresponding feed point at a corresponding ground plane 130 (or 140).

[0052] The connection structure 160 is used to connect an edge (i.e., a long edge) of the ground plane 130 to an edge (i.e., a long edge) of the ground plane 140, such that the ground plane 130 is connected to the ground plane 140 through the connection structure 160. The connection structure 160 is arranged vertically between the two ground planes 130, 140. Specifically, the connection structure 160 has a top part 162, a middle part 164, and a bottom part 166, where the middle part 164 is located between the top part 162 and the bottom part 164. Each of the parts 162, 164, 166 extends along the Z axis direction. The top part 162 is directly connected to the long edge of the ground plane 130 and the middle part 164. The middle part 164 is directly connected to the top part 162 and the bottom part 164. The bottom part 166 is directly connected to the middle part 164 and the long edge of the ground plane 140. With such a configuration, the connection structure 160 can act as a side wall (or side chain) of the antenna structure 100.

[0053] To further reduce the back lobe radiation, the connecting structure 160 can be selected with a material having a high dielectric constant. The above material selection is advantageous to reduce the edge diffraction, resulting in less radiation emitted to the back side of the antenna structure 100, thereby enhancing the F / B ratio of the antenna structure 100. In an embodiment of the present application, the high dielectric constant of the connecting structure 160 is defined as a dielectric constant in the range of 6 to 10. In the first embodiment, the connecting structure 160 can be made of, for example, metal. The top portion 162, the middle portion 164 and the bottom portion 166 of the connecting structure 160 are made of the same material.

[0054] To further illustrate the impact of the connecting structure 160 shown in Figure 1A , Figure 2A a comparative embodiment of the antenna structure 10 and the antenna array 20 is shown. Figure 2B a reflection frequency characteristic of the upper antenna array portion in Figure 2A is shown. Figure 2C a 2D radiation pattern of the antenna array 20 in Figure 2A is shown. Reference is made to Figure 2A for the following description. The antenna structure 10 (or the antenna array 20) of the comparative embodiment is similar to the antenna structure 100 (or the antenna array 200) of the first embodiment described and illustrated with reference to Figure 1A , and the main difference is that the antenna structure 10 in the comparative embodiment lacks the connecting structure 160 depicted in Figure 1A . That is, the ground planes 13, 14 of the antenna structure 10 are not connected.

[0055] First, reference is made to the Figure 1B of the first embodiment, it is shown that the operating frequency range of the antenna array 200 is in the range of 1.45 GHz to 1.5 GHz. Reference is made to the Figure 1C of the first embodiment, the antenna array 200 exhibits a gain of 13.2 dBi in the +Y axis direction and a gain of 3.5 dBi in the -Y axis direction.

[0056] In contrast, reference is made to the Figure 2B of the comparative embodiment, it is shown that the operating frequency range of the antenna array 20 is in the range of 1.45 GHz to 1.5 GHz. Reference is made to the Figure 2C of the comparative embodiment, the antenna array 20 exhibits a gain of 5.3 dBi in the +Y axis direction and a gain of 10.1 dBi in the -Y axis direction.

[0057] From the above results, it can be observed that the configuration of the connecting structure 160 can sharpen the waveform of the operating frequency compared to the comparative embodiment in Figure 2A . Furthermore, the F / B ratio of the antenna structure 10 is enhanced compared to the comparative embodiment in Figure 2AThe configuration of the connection structure 160 can reduce the power radiated in the -Y axis direction compared to the comparative example in

[0058] Referring back to Figure 1A , each of the support elements 172 penetrates the radiating portion 114 of the radiating element 110 and the ground plane 130. Similarly, each of the support elements 174 penetrates the radiating portion 124 of the radiating element 120 and the ground plane 140. In some embodiments, the support elements 172, 174 can be, for example, plastic pillars. The configuration of the support elements 172, 174, the radiating elements 110, 120, and the ground planes 130, 140 can provide good mechanical support for the antenna structure 100.

[0059] Figure 3A A perspective view of an antenna array 200a according to a second embodiment of the present application is shown. Figure 3B A reflection frequency characteristic of the upper antenna array portion in Figure 3A is shown. Figure 3C A 2D radiation pattern of the antenna array 200a in Figure 3A is shown.

[0060] Reference is made to Figure 3A for the following description. According to the second embodiment of the present application, the antenna structure 100a (or the antenna array 200a) of the third embodiment is similar to the antenna structure 100 (or the antenna array 200) of the first embodiment as described and illustrated with reference to Figure 1A , and the main difference is that the antenna structure 100a in the second embodiment has a connection structure 160a for connecting the ground plane 130 to the ground plane 140, and the connection structure 160a can be made of, for example, aluminum oxide (AI2O3) with a relative permittivity of 10. The top portion 162a, the middle portion 164a, and the bottom portion 166a of the connection structure 160a are made of the same material.

[0061] Referring to the Figure 3B of the second embodiment, it is shown that the operating frequency range of the antenna array 200a is in the range of 1.45 GHz to 1.5 GHz. Referring to the Figure 3C of the third embodiment, the antenna array 200a exhibits a gain of 13.4 dBi in the +Y axis direction and a gain of -5.6 dBi in the -Y axis direction.

[0062] Based on the above results, it can be observed that the configuration of the connection structure 160a can sharpen the waveform of the operating frequency compared to the comparative example in Figure 2A . Furthermore, the configuration of the connection structure 160a can reduce the power radiated in the -Y axis direction compared to the comparative example in Figure 2ACompared to the comparative example in, the configuration of the connection structure 160a can further reduce the power radiated in the -Y axis direction, resulting in a significant improvement in the F / B ratio of the antenna array 200a.

[0063] Figure 4A A perspective view of an antenna array 200b according to a third embodiment of the present application is shown. Figure 4B A perspective view of an antenna array 200b according to a third embodiment of the present application is shown. Figure 4A Reflection frequency characteristics of the upper antenna array part in Figure 4C Reflection frequency characteristics of the upper antenna array part in Figure 4A A 2D radiation pattern of the antenna array 200b in

[0064] Reference is made to Figure 4A . According to the third embodiment of the present application, the antenna structure 100b (or the antenna array 200b) of the third embodiment is similar to the antenna structure 100 (or the antenna array 200) of the first embodiment described and illustrated with reference to Figure 1A and the main difference is that the antenna structure 100b in the third embodiment has a connection structure 160b for connecting the ground plane 130 to the ground plane 140, wherein the connection structure 160b can be made of at least two different materials, e.g. with high dielectric constant. In detail, the connection structure 160b comprises a top portion 162b, a middle portion 164b and a bottom portion 166b. The top portion 162b and the bottom portion 166b can be made of the same material, e.g. aluminum oxide. The middle portion 164b can be made of a material different from the material of the top portion 162b and the bottom portion 166b, e.g. metal. That is, the connection structure 160b has a sandwich structure and is a composite connection structure.

[0065] With reference to the third embodiment of the Figure 4B , it is shown that the operating frequency range of the antenna array 200b is in the range of 1.45 GHz to 1.5 GHz. With reference to the third embodiment of the Figure 4C , the antenna array 200b exhibits a gain of 13.3 dBi in the +Y axis direction and a gain of -2.0 dBi in the -Y axis direction.

[0066] Based on the above results, it can be observed that, compared to the comparative example in Figure 2A , the configuration of the connection structure 160b can sharpen the waveform of the operating frequency. Furthermore, compared to the comparative example in Figure 2A , the provision of the connection structure 160b can reduce the power radiated in the -Y axis direction, resulting in a significant improvement in the F / B ratio of the antenna array 200b.

[0067] In addition, with this material selection, the antenna array 200b can have a light weight and a good F / B ratio.

[0068] It should be noted that the configuration of the present invention is not limited to a specific resonant frequency, a specific type of antenna, and a specific wireless application.

[0069] Based on the above, in embodiments of the present invention, the back-to-back arrangement of the upper and lower radiating elements and the connection structure between the ground plane allow a focused power gain in the front direction, which is advantageous for coverage sectorization with a compact size. In addition, the material of the connection structure is selected to be a material with a high dielectric constant; therefore, the connection structure can reduce edge diffraction, resulting in less radiation emitted to the back side of the antenna structure. Thus, the antenna structure of the present invention can have an excellent F / B ratio and a compact volume.

[0070] Furthermore, to balance the weight issue and the backlobe suppression effect, the connection structure can be a sandwich structure including a dielectric top portion, a dielectric bottom portion, and a metal middle portion therebetween. In some embodiments, the material of the dielectric top portion and the dielectric bottom portion can be aluminum oxide. With this configuration, the antenna structure can have an excellent F / B ratio and keep the weight of the antenna structure low.

[0071] The functional units and modules of the antenna structure and the antenna array according to the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented using computing devices, computer processors, or electronic circuitry, including but not limited to application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), microcontrollers, and other programmable logic devices configured or programmed according to the teachings of the present disclosure. Computer instructions or software code running in the computing devices, computer processors, or programmable logic devices can be readily made by those skilled in the software or electronic arts based on the teachings of the present disclosure.

[0072] All or a portion of the methods according to the embodiments can be executed in one or more computing devices including server computers, personal computers, laptop computers, mobile computing devices (e.g., smartphones), and tablet computers.

[0073] Embodiments can include computer storage media, transitory and non-transitory memory devices having stored therein computer instructions or software code, which can be used to program or configure computing devices, computer processors, or electronic circuitry to perform any of the processes of the present invention. The storage media, transitory and non-transitory memory devices can include, but are not limited to, floppy disks, optical disks, Blu-ray disks, DVDs, CD-ROMs, and magneto-optical disks, ROMs, RAMs, flash memory devices, or any type of media or device suitable for storing instructions, code, and / or data.

[0074] Each of the functional units and modules according to various embodiments can also be implemented in a distributed computing environment and / or a cloud computing environment, in which all or part of the machine instructions are executed by one or more processing devices that are interconnected through a communication network, such as an intranet, a wide area network (WAN), a local area network (LAN), the Internet, and other forms of data transmission media.

[0075] The foregoing description of the application has been presented for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the application to the precise form disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of this disclosure.

[0076] The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the application and its practical application, thereby enabling others skilled in the art to understand the application for various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.

Claims

1. An antenna structure, characterized in that, include: First radiating element; A first grounding plane is disposed adjacent to and coupled to the first radiating element; Second radiating element; A second grounding plane is disposed adjacent to and coupled to the second radiating element, wherein the first grounding plane is located between the second grounding plane and the first radiating element, and the second grounding plane is located between the first grounding plane and the second radiating element; as well as A high dielectric constant connection structure connects the edge of the first ground plane to the edge of the second ground plane, such that the first ground plane is connected to the second ground plane through the connection structure.

2. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dielectric constant of the high dielectric constant connection structure is in the range of 6 to 10.

3. The antenna structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The material of the high dielectric constant connection structure includes aluminum oxide.

4. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high dielectric constant connection structure includes a top portion connected to the edge of the first ground plane, a bottom portion connected to the edge of the second ground plane, and an intermediate portion connecting the top portion and the bottom portion and located therebetween.

5. The antenna structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The top portion, the middle portion, and the bottom portion are made of the same material.

6. The antenna structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The top portion and the bottom portion are made of the same material, and the middle portion is made of a different material than the top portion and the bottom portion.

7. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first radiating element includes: The first feed section; and A pair of first radiating portions, the pair of first radiating portions being located on two opposite sides of the first feed portion and connected to the first feed portion, wherein the first feed portion is spaced apart from each of the radiating portions along a first direction, wherein the first direction is different from the extension direction of the feed portion.

8. The antenna structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, Further includes: A pair of first support elements, the pair of first support elements penetrating the first radiating element and the first grounding plane.

9. The antenna structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, Further includes: A first feed probe is located between a first feed portion of the first radiating element and a first ground plane, wherein the first ground plane is coupled to the first radiating element through the first feed probe and the first feed portion.

10. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second radiating element includes: The second feed-in section; and A pair of second radiating portions, the pair of second radiating portions being located on two opposite sides of the feed portion and connected to the second feed portion, wherein the second feed portion is spaced apart from each of the second radiating portions along a first direction, wherein the first direction is different from the extension direction of the second feed portion.

11. The antenna structure according to claim 10, characterized in that, Further includes: A pair of second support elements, the pair of second support elements penetrating the second radiating element and the second grounding plane.

12. The antenna structure according to claim 10, characterized in that, Further includes: A second feed probe is located between a second feed portion of the second radiating element and a second ground plane, wherein the second ground plane is coupled to the second radiating element through the second feed probe and the second feed portion.

13. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shape of the first radiating element is the same as the shape of the second radiating element.

14. The antenna structure according to claim 13, characterized in that, The first radiating element and the second radiating element are E-shaped.

15. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the radiating elements has two grooves.

16. The antenna structure according to claim 15, characterized in that, The opening of the groove of the first radiating element faces the first side of the antenna structure, and the opening of the groove of the second radiating element faces the second side of the antenna structure opposite to the first side.

17. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first radiating element and the second radiating element overlap vertically.

18. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high dielectric constant connection structure extends vertically between the first ground plane and the second ground plane.

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